Ceramic matrix composite material ultrasonic cutting machining device and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic matrix composite ultrasonic cutting machining device which comprises an ultrasonic cutting assembly, a workpiece clamping assembly is arranged under the ultrasonic cutting assembly, a workpiece is clamped on the workpiece clamping assembly and located under the ultrasonic cutting assembly, and a real-time force measuring device is arranged under the workpiece clamping assembly. A cutting chip and cooling liquid collecting assembly is arranged below the real-time force measuring device, a machine tool guide rail is fixedly connected below the cutting chip and cooling liquid collecting assembly, and the lubricating and cooling assembly sprays lubricating liquid to the cutting contact position of a workpiece and the ultrasonic cutting assembly. The problems that in the prior art, matrix cracks, fiber breakage and interface debonding are prone to being generated in traditional cutting machining of the ceramic matrix composite are solved. The invention further discloses an ultrasonic cutting machining method for the ceramic-based composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing devices, and relates to a ceramic-based composite material ultrasonic cutting processing device. The present invention also relates to a ceramic-based composite material ultrasonic cutting processing method. Background Art

[0002] Due to their heterogeneous and heterogeneous nature, as well as their high hardness and brittleness, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are considered one of the most difficult materials to machine. Due to the high production and processing costs, CMCs are often manufactured using near-net-shape methods to minimize machining allowances. However, subsequent machining is essential to meet operational requirements. Traditional machining (such as grinding, milling, and drilling) can easily lead to defects in CMCs, such as matrix cracks, fiber breakage, and interface debonding. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials, which solves the problem in the prior art that mechanical processing of ceramic matrix composite materials is prone to matrix cracks, fiber breakage, and interface debonding.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic cutting method for ceramic-based composite materials.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is an ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials, including an ultrasonic cutting component, a workpiece clamping component is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component, the workpiece is clamped on the workpiece clamping component, the workpiece is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component, a real-time force measuring device is arranged below the workpiece clamping component, a chip and coolant collection component is arranged below the real-time force measuring device, a machine tool guide rail is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collection component, and also includes a lubrication and cooling component, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece and the ultrasonic cutting component.

[0006] The present invention is also characterized in that: The ultrasonic cutting assembly includes a machine tool spindle, an ultrasonic tool handle assembly is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle, a cutting tool is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly, and the cutting tool faces the workpiece; The ultrasonic knife handle assembly comprises an ultrasonic knife handle, to which a cutting tool is fixedly connected. The ultrasonic knife handle is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply and a frequency adjustment display via wires.

[0007] The workpiece clamping assembly includes a clamping base plate, which is fixed above the real-time force measuring device. Two symmetrical sliding blocks are slidingly provided on the upper surface of the clamping base plate. The two sliding blocks are distributed on both sides of the workpiece. An auxiliary plate is placed on the clamping base plate between the two sliding blocks. The auxiliary plate is pressed against the clamping base plate by a pressure plate. The pressure plate is fixedly connected to the clamping base plate by fixing bolts. The workpiece is glued to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate by hot melt adhesive.

[0008] A pressing plate is provided on each side of the auxiliary plate near the two sliding blocks, and a second sliding block is provided at both ends of the pressing plate near the corresponding sliding block. A second sliding groove is provided at the position of the sliding block corresponding to the second sliding block. The second sliding block of the pressing plate slides up and down along the second sliding groove and is then fixed to the clamping base plate by fixing bolts. The two pressing plates press the auxiliary plate against the upper surface of the clamping base plate. Two first sliding grooves are arranged in parallel on the clamping bottom plate, and first sliding blocks are arranged at positions at both ends of the two sliding blocks corresponding to the two first sliding grooves, and the sliding blocks slide in the first sliding grooves through the first sliding blocks; A plurality of first threaded holes are evenly arranged at both ends of the corresponding pressure plate on the clamping base plate to match auxiliary plates of different sizes according to workpieces of different sizes. The two ends of the pressure plate are fixed by fixing bolts and corresponding first threaded holes to achieve the compression of the auxiliary plate.

[0009] The real-time force measuring device includes a force measuring assembly, which includes a force measuring top plate, a pressure sensor, a transition plate and a force measuring bottom plate arranged in sequence from top to bottom. A plurality of buffer assemblies are evenly arranged between the transition plate and the force measuring bottom plate. A plurality of electric cylinders are evenly arranged between the transition plate and the force measuring bottom plate and located on the periphery of the buffer assembly. The force measuring top plate, the pressure sensor, the transition plate, the force measuring bottom plate, the buffer assembly and the electric cylinder are wrapped in a buffer protective cover and integrated in the buffer protective cover. The clamping bottom plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the force measuring top plate by bolts. The lower surface of the force measuring bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom plate in the chip and coolant collection assembly by bolts. The pressure sensor is connected to the charge amplifier, the force gauge data acquisition equipment and the computer in sequence through wires.

[0010] The cylinder body of the electric cylinder is fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate, and the protruding end of the electric cylinder is fixed on the lower surface of the transition plate. The buffer assembly includes a buffer sleeve fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate, an elastic element is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer sleeve, and a buffer slide rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the elastic element. The buffer slide rod is adapted to the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve and is slidably connected in the buffer sleeve, and the other end of the buffer slide rod is fixed to the lower surface of the transition plate.

[0011] The lubrication and cooling assembly includes an air compressor, which is connected to a lubrication and cooling liquid storage device through a pipeline. The lubrication and cooling liquid storage device is connected to a nozzle through a connecting pipe, and the nozzle faces the contact point between the workpiece and the cutting tool.

[0012] The chip and coolant collection assembly includes a base plate fixed on the machine tool guide rail, a circle of baffles fixedly arranged around the base plate, and a force measuring base plate fixed to the upper surface of the base plate by bolts. The baffles surround the workpiece, the workpiece clamping assembly, and the real-time force measuring device, and a baffle door is also provided on one side of the baffle. A boss is set in the middle of the base plate, and the force measuring base plate is fixed on the boss by bolts. An annular collection groove is set on the base plate corresponding to the outer side of the boss, and a filter is set on the annular collection groove. A coolant discharge outlet is also set on the upper surface of the base plate, and one end of the coolant discharge outlet is connected to the annular collection groove.

[0013] U-shaped grooves are set at the four corners of the base plate, and the base plate is fixed to the machine tool guide rail with bolts through the U-shaped grooves. A keyway is also set at the bottom of the base plate, and the keyway is connected to the machine tool guide rail through a key for positioning.

[0014] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for ultrasonically cutting a ceramic matrix composite material, which adopts the above-mentioned ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials and is specifically implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Bond the bottom surface of the workpiece to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate; Step 2: Turn on the ultrasonic power supply and set the required ultrasonic vibration frequency, and set the force warning threshold on the computer; Step 3: Turn on the air compressor and control the machine tool spindle to rotate and cut the workpiece. During the cutting process, the pressure value of the pressure sensor is monitored at all times. When the force on the pressure sensor exceeds the warning threshold, the electric cylinder is controlled to start contracting, the workpiece drops away from the cutting tool, and the machine tool spindle stops working; otherwise, after the cutting process is completed according to normal cutting requirements, the machine tool spindle retracts and stops working.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention uses ultrasound to assist in the cutting of ceramic-based composites, avoiding the problems of traditional mechanical machining of ceramic-based composites that produce processing defects such as matrix cracks, fiber breakage, and interface debonding. By adjusting the ultrasonic frequency during the machining process, ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of ceramic-based composites at different ultrasonic frequencies can be achieved. At the same time, the present invention can achieve convenient recovery and cleaning of chips and coolant, preventing chips and coolant from falling on the machine tool guide rails, making them difficult to collect and clean. It can also achieve timely cooling of the workpiece and tool during ultrasonic cutting of ceramic-based composites, avoiding severe tool wear due to excessive temperature and changes in material properties due to heat on the workpiece surface. The force measuring component can achieve timely separation of the cutting tool and workpiece when the cutting force is too large, avoiding tool damage due to excessive cutting force. The lubrication and cooling component achieves minimal lubrication of the ceramic-based composite, ensuring timely cooling of the workpiece while preventing coolant particles from entering the material pores due to excessive coolant, which can cause changes in the surface quality of the material. The coolant includes but is not limited to vegetable lubricants, which are environmentally friendly and pollution-free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece clamping assembly in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a sliding block in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure plate in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the force measuring component in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer assembly in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece clamping assembly in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom plate in the ultrasonic cutting processing device for ceramic-based composite materials of the present invention.

[0017] Figure: 1. Ultrasonic cutting assembly, 11. Machine tool spindle, 12. Ultrasonic tool holder assembly, 121. Tool holder, 122. Ultrasonic power supply, 123. Frequency adjustment display, 13. Cutting tool, 2. Workpiece, 3. Workpiece clamping assembly, 31. Clamping base plate, 311. First slide, 312. First threaded hole, 32. Sliding block, 321. First slider, 322. Second slide, 33. Pressing plate, 331. Second slider, 332. Second threaded hole, 34. Fixing bolt, 35. Auxiliary plate, 4. Real-time force measuring device, 41. Force measuring assembly, 411. Pressure sensor, 412. Small electric cylinder, 413. Buffer assembly, 4131. Buffer slide, 4132. Buffer slide Sleeve, 4133. Elastic element, 414. Buffer protection sleeve, 415. Force measuring top plate, 4151. First bolt connection hole, 416. Transition plate, 417. Force measuring bottom plate, 4171. Second bolt connection hole, 42. Charge amplifier, 43. Dynamometer data acquisition device, 44. Computer, 5. Lubrication and cooling assembly, 51. Air compressor, 52. Lubricating coolant storage device, 53. Connecting pipe, 54. Nozzle, 6. Chip and coolant collection assembly, 61. Base plate, 611. U-shaped groove, 612. Keyway, 613. Annular collection trough, 614. Filter, 615. Boss, 616. Coolant outlet, 62. Baffle, 63. Baffle door, 7. Machine tool guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following describes it in detail with reference to specific implementation methods.

[0019] Example 1 The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes an ultrasonic cutting component 1, a workpiece clamping component 3 is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, the workpiece clamping component 3 clamps the workpiece 2, and the workpiece 2 is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, a real-time force measuring device 4 is arranged below the workpiece clamping component 3, a chip and coolant collecting component 6 is arranged below the real-time force measuring device 4, a machine tool guide rail 7 is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collecting component 6, and also includes a lubricating cooling component 5, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting component 1.

[0020] Example 2 The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes an ultrasonic cutting component 1, a workpiece clamping component 3 is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, the workpiece clamping component 3 clamps the workpiece 2, and the workpiece 2 is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, a real-time force measuring device 4 is arranged below the workpiece clamping component 3, a chip and coolant collecting component 6 is arranged below the real-time force measuring device 4, a machine tool guide rail 7 is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collecting component 6, and also includes a lubricating cooling component 5, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting component 1.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic cutting assembly 1 includes a machine tool spindle 11, an ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12 is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle 11, a cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12, and the cutting tool 13 faces the workpiece 2; The ultrasonic knife handle assembly 12 includes an ultrasonic knife handle 121 , to which the cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected. The ultrasonic knife handle 121 is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply 122 and a frequency adjustment display 123 via wires.

[0022] Example 3 The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes an ultrasonic cutting component 1, a workpiece clamping component 3 is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, the workpiece clamping component 3 clamps the workpiece 2, and the workpiece 2 is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, a real-time force measuring device 4 is arranged below the workpiece clamping component 3, a chip and coolant collecting component 6 is arranged below the real-time force measuring device 4, a machine tool guide rail 7 is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collecting component 6, and also includes a lubricating cooling component 5, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting component 1.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic cutting assembly 1 includes a machine tool spindle 11, an ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12 is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle 11, a cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12, and the cutting tool 13 faces the workpiece 2; The ultrasonic knife handle assembly 12 includes an ultrasonic knife handle 121 , to which the cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected. The ultrasonic knife handle 121 is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply 122 and a frequency adjustment display 123 via wires.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the workpiece clamping assembly 3 includes a clamping base plate 31, which is fixed above the real-time force measuring device 4. Two symmetrical sliding blocks 32 are slidingly provided on the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. The two sliding blocks 32 are distributed on both sides of the workpiece 2. An auxiliary plate 35 is placed between the two sliding blocks 32 on the clamping base plate 31. The auxiliary plate 35 is pressed on the clamping base plate 31 by a pressure plate 33. The pressure plate 33 is fixedly connected to the clamping base plate 31 by a fixing bolt 34. The workpiece 2 is glued to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate 35 by hot melt adhesive.

[0025] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a pressing plate 33 is provided on each side of the auxiliary plate 35 near the two sliding blocks 32. A second sliding block 331 is provided at both ends of the pressing plate 33 near the corresponding sliding block 32. A second sliding groove 322 is provided at the position of the sliding block 32 corresponding to the second sliding block 331. The second sliding block 331 of the pressing plate 33 slides up and down along the second sliding groove 322 and is then fixed to the clamping base plate 31 by fixing bolts 34. The two pressing plates 33 press the auxiliary plate 35 against the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. Two first sliding grooves 311 are provided in parallel on the clamping base 31. First sliding blocks 321 are provided at the two ends of the two sliding blocks 32 at positions corresponding to the two first sliding grooves 311. The sliding blocks 32 slide in the first sliding grooves 311 through the first sliding blocks 321. A plurality of first threaded holes 312 are evenly arranged at both ends of the corresponding pressure plate 33 on the clamping base plate 31 to match auxiliary plates 35 of different sizes according to workpieces 2 of different sizes. The two ends of the pressure plate 33 are fixed by fixing bolts 34 and corresponding first threaded holes 312 to achieve tightening of the auxiliary plate 35.

[0026] Example 4 The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1As shown, it includes an ultrasonic cutting component 1, a workpiece clamping component 3 is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, the workpiece clamping component 3 clamps the workpiece 2, and the workpiece 2 is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, a real-time force measuring device 4 is arranged below the workpiece clamping component 3, a chip and coolant collecting component 6 is arranged below the real-time force measuring device 4, a machine tool guide rail 7 is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collecting component 6, and also includes a lubricating cooling component 5, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting component 1.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic cutting assembly 1 includes a machine tool spindle 11, an ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12 is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle 11, a cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12, and the cutting tool 13 faces the workpiece 2; The ultrasonic knife handle assembly 12 includes an ultrasonic knife handle 121 , to which the cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected. The ultrasonic knife handle 121 is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply 122 and a frequency adjustment display 123 via wires.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the workpiece clamping assembly 3 includes a clamping base plate 31, which is fixed above the real-time force measuring device 4. Two symmetrical sliding blocks 32 are slidingly provided on the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. The two sliding blocks 32 are distributed on both sides of the workpiece 2. An auxiliary plate 35 is placed between the two sliding blocks 32 on the clamping base plate 31. The auxiliary plate 35 is pressed on the clamping base plate 31 by a pressure plate 33. The pressure plate 33 is fixedly connected to the clamping base plate 31 by a fixing bolt 34. The workpiece 2 is glued to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate 35 by hot melt adhesive.

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a pressing plate 33 is provided on each side of the auxiliary plate 35 near the two sliding blocks 32. A second sliding block 331 is provided at both ends of the pressing plate 33 near the corresponding sliding block 32. A second sliding groove 322 is provided at the position of the sliding block 32 corresponding to the second sliding block 331. The second sliding block 331 of the pressing plate 33 slides up and down along the second sliding groove 322 to adapt to auxiliary plates 35 of different thicknesses, and is then fixed to the clamping base plate 31 by fixing bolts 34. The two pressing plates 33 press the auxiliary plate 35 against the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. Two first sliding grooves 311 are provided in parallel on the clamping base 31. First sliding blocks 321 are provided at the two ends of the two sliding blocks 32 at positions corresponding to the two first sliding grooves 311. The sliding blocks 32 slide in the first sliding grooves 311 through the first sliding blocks 321. A plurality of first threaded holes 312 are evenly arranged at both ends of the corresponding pressure plate 33 on the clamping base plate 31 to match auxiliary plates 35 of different sizes according to workpieces 2 of different sizes. The two ends of the pressure plate 33 are fixed by fixing bolts 34 and corresponding first threaded holes 312 to achieve tightening of the auxiliary plate 35.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the real-time force measuring device 4 includes a force measuring assembly 41, which includes a force measuring top plate 415, a pressure sensor 411, a transition plate 416 and a force measuring bottom plate 417 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a plurality of buffer assemblies 413 are evenly arranged between the transition plate 416 and the force measuring bottom plate 417, and a plurality of electric cylinders 412 are evenly arranged between the transition plate 416 and the force measuring bottom plate 417 and located on the periphery of the buffer assembly 413. The force measuring top plate 415, the pressure sensor 411, the transition plate 416, the force measuring bottom plate 417, the buffer assembly 413, and the electric cylinder 412 are wrapped and integrated in the buffer protective cover 414, the clamping base plate 31 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the force measuring top plate 415 by bolts, the lower surface of the force measuring bottom plate 417 is fixedly connected to the chip and coolant collection assembly 6 by bolts, and the pressure sensor 411 is sequentially connected to the charge amplifier 42, the force gauge data acquisition device 43, and the computer 44 through wires.

[0031] The function of the transition plate 416 is to make the pressure sensor 411 evenly stressed, as the electric cylinder 412 and the buffer assembly 413 are unevenly stressed. After the transition plate 416 is added, the pressure sensor 411 is evenly stressed.

[0032] The cylinder body of the electric cylinder 412 is fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate 417, and the extended end of the electric cylinder 412 is fixed on the lower surface of the transition plate 416. Figure 6 As shown, the buffer assembly 413 includes a buffer sleeve 4132 fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate 417, an elastic element 4133 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer sleeve 4132, and the other end of the elastic element 4133 is fixedly connected to a buffer slide rod 4131, the buffer slide rod 4131 is adapted to the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve 4132 and is slidably connected inside the buffer sleeve 4132, and the other end of the buffer slide rod 4131 is fixed to the lower surface of the transition plate 416.

[0033] Example 5 The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1As shown, it includes an ultrasonic cutting component 1, a workpiece clamping component 3 is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, the workpiece clamping component 3 clamps the workpiece 2, and the workpiece 2 is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting component 1, a real-time force measuring device 4 is arranged below the workpiece clamping component 3, a chip and coolant collecting component 6 is arranged below the real-time force measuring device 4, a machine tool guide rail 7 is fixedly connected below the chip and coolant collecting component 6, and also includes a lubricating cooling component 5, which sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting component 1.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the ultrasonic cutting assembly 1 includes a machine tool spindle 11, an ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12 is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle 11, a cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly 12, and the cutting tool 13 faces the workpiece 2; The ultrasonic knife handle assembly 12 includes an ultrasonic knife handle 121 , to which the cutting tool 13 is fixedly connected. The ultrasonic knife handle 121 is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply 122 and a frequency adjustment display 123 via wires.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the workpiece clamping assembly 3 includes a clamping base plate 31, which is fixed above the real-time force measuring device 4. Two symmetrical sliding blocks 32 are slidingly provided on the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. The two sliding blocks 32 are distributed on both sides of the workpiece 2. An auxiliary plate 35 is placed between the two sliding blocks 32 on the clamping base plate 31. The auxiliary plate 35 is pressed on the clamping base plate 31 by a pressure plate 33. The pressure plate 33 is fixedly connected to the clamping base plate 31 by a fixing bolt 34. The workpiece 2 is glued to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate 35 by hot melt adhesive.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a pressing plate 33 is provided on each side of the auxiliary plate 35 near the two sliding blocks 32. A second sliding block 331 is provided at both ends of the pressing plate 33 near the corresponding sliding block 32. A second sliding groove 322 is provided at the position of the sliding block 32 corresponding to the second sliding block 331. The second sliding block 331 of the pressing plate 33 slides up and down along the second sliding groove 322 and is then fixed to the clamping base plate 31 by fixing bolts 34. The two pressing plates 33 press the auxiliary plate 35 against the upper surface of the clamping base plate 31. Two first sliding grooves 311 are provided in parallel on the clamping base 31. First sliding blocks 321 are provided at the two ends of the two sliding blocks 32 at positions corresponding to the two first sliding grooves 311. The sliding blocks 32 slide in the first sliding grooves 311 through the first sliding blocks 321. A plurality of first threaded holes 312 are evenly arranged at both ends of the corresponding pressure plate 33 on the clamping base plate 31 to match auxiliary plates 35 of different sizes according to workpieces 2 of different sizes. The two ends of the pressure plate 33 are fixed by fixing bolts 34 and corresponding first threaded holes 312 to achieve tightening of the auxiliary plate 35.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the real-time force measuring device 4 includes a force measuring assembly 41, which includes a force measuring top plate 415, a pressure sensor 411, a transition plate 416 and a force measuring bottom plate 417 arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a plurality of buffer assemblies 413 are evenly arranged between the transition plate 416 and the force measuring bottom plate 417, and a plurality of electric cylinders 412 are evenly arranged between the transition plate 416 and the force measuring bottom plate 417 and located on the periphery of the buffer assembly 413. The force measuring top plate 415, the pressure sensor 411, the transition plate 416, the force measuring bottom plate 417, the buffer assembly 413, and the electric cylinder 412 are wrapped and integrated in the buffer protective cover 414, the clamping base plate 31 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the force measuring top plate 415 by bolts, the lower surface of the force measuring bottom plate 417 is fixedly connected to the chip and coolant collection assembly 6 by bolts, and the pressure sensor 411 is sequentially connected to the charge amplifier 42, the force gauge data acquisition device 43, and the computer 44 through wires.

[0038] The cylinder body of the electric cylinder 412 is fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate 417, and the extended end of the electric cylinder 412 is fixed on the lower surface of the transition plate 416. Figure 6 As shown, the buffer assembly 413 includes a buffer sleeve 4132 fixed on the upper surface of the force measuring base plate 417, an elastic element 4133 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer sleeve 4132, and the other end of the elastic element 4133 is fixedly connected to a buffer slide rod 4131, the buffer slide rod 4131 is adapted to the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve 4132 and is slidably connected inside the buffer sleeve 4132, and the other end of the buffer slide rod 4131 is fixed to the lower surface of the transition plate 416.

[0039] When the force on the pressure sensor in the force measuring assembly exceeds the warning threshold, the small electric cylinder starts to retract, the workpiece drops away from the cutting tool, the machine tool spindle stops working, and the buffer assembly performs protective buffering, thereby achieving timely separation of the cutting tool and workpiece when the cutting force is too large, avoiding damage to the tool due to excessive cutting force.

[0040] The lubrication and cooling assembly 5 includes an air compressor 51, which is connected to a lubrication and cooling liquid storage device 52 through a pipeline. The lubrication and cooling liquid storage device 52 is connected to a nozzle 54 through a connecting pipe 53. The nozzle 54 is directed toward the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the cutting tool 13. The high-pressure gas of the air compressor 51 passes through the lubrication and cooling liquid storage device 52, the connecting pipe 53, and the nozzle 54 in sequence to generate a high-pressure spray liquid that is sprayed on the contact point between the workpiece 2 and the cutting tool 13.

[0041] The lubrication and cooling component 5 is used to achieve timely cooling of the workpiece and the tool during ultrasonic cutting of ceramic-based composite materials, avoid severe tool wear due to excessive temperature, changes in material properties due to heat on the workpiece surface, and achieve minimal lubrication during ultrasonic cutting of ceramic-based composite materials. While ensuring timely cooling of the workpiece and the cutting tool, it can also avoid changes in the quality of the material processing surface caused by coolant particles entering the material pores due to excessive coolant.

[0042] like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the chip and coolant collection assembly 6 includes a base plate 61 fixed on the machine tool guide rail 7, a circle of baffles 62 are fixedly provided around the base plate 61, and the force measuring base plate 417 is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 61 by bolts. The baffle 62 surrounds the workpiece 2, the workpiece clamping assembly 3, and the real-time force measuring device 4. A baffle door 63 is also provided on one side of the baffle 62; A boss 615 is provided in the middle of the base plate 61, and the force measuring base plate 417 is fixed to the boss 615 by bolts. An annular collecting groove 613 is provided on the base plate 61 corresponding to the outer side of the boss 615, and a filter screen 614 is provided on the annular collecting groove 613. A coolant discharge outlet 616 is also provided on the upper surface of the base plate 61, and one end of the coolant discharge outlet 616 is connected to the annular collecting groove 613.

[0043] U-shaped grooves 611 are provided at the four corners of the base plate 61. The base plate 61 is fixed to the machine tool guide rail 7 by bolts through the U-shaped grooves 611. A key groove 612 is also provided at the bottom of the base plate 61. The key groove 612 is connected to the machine tool guide rail 7 by a key for positioning.

[0044] The chip and coolant collection assembly of the present invention is easy to install, small in size, and easy to disassemble, so that chips and coolant can be conveniently collected and cleaned. The coolant is a vegetable lubricant, which is environmentally friendly and has no pollution.

[0045] Example 6 On the basis of Example 5, a plurality of first bolt connection holes 4151 are evenly arranged on the force measuring top plate 415, and the clamping base plate 31 is fixedly connected to the first bolt connection holes 4151 on the force measuring top plate 415 by bolt connection, and a plurality of second bolt connection holes 4171 are evenly arranged on the force measuring base plate 417, and the force measuring base plate 417 is fixed to the boss 615 by the second bolt connection holes 4171 and bolts.

[0046] Example 7 Based on Example 5, the ultrasonic tool handle includes but is not limited to a giant magnetostrictive longitudinal vibration tool handle, a giant magnetostrictive longitudinal-torsional vibration tool handle, a piezoelectric ceramic longitudinal vibration tool handle, a piezoelectric ceramic longitudinal-torsional vibration tool handle, etc. The ultrasonic tool handle integrates the tool handle, transducer and amplitude transformer into one, has a simple structure, a small size, is easy to replace, and can be installed on the spindles of various processing machine tools.

[0047] Example 8 The ultrasonic cutting method for ceramic matrix composite materials of the present invention uses the ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials in Example 5 and is specifically implemented according to the following steps: Step 1: Bond the bottom surface of the workpiece 2 to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate 35; Step 2: Turn on the ultrasonic power supply 122 and set the required ultrasonic vibration frequency, and set the force warning threshold in the computer 44; Step 3, turn on the air compressor 51, spray high-pressure lubricating oil mist on the workpiece 2 and the cutting tool 13 for cooling and lubrication, and control the rotation of the machine tool spindle 11 to cut the workpiece 2. During the cutting process, the pressure value of the pressure sensor 411 is monitored at all times. When the force on the pressure sensor 411 exceeds the warning threshold, the electric cylinder 412 is controlled to start contracting, the workpiece 2 drops away from the cutting tool 13, and the machine tool spindle 11 stops working; otherwise, after completing the cutting process according to normal cutting requirements, the machine tool spindle 11 retracts and stops working.

[0048] In this embodiment, different cutting tools 13 are selected according to needs and installed on the ultrasonic tool holder 121. The present invention uses a filter 614 to retain the chips on the filter 614, and the coolant is discharged into the coolant outlet 616 for discharge and collection. The auxiliary plate 35 is bonded to the workpiece 2 through a multifunctional adhesive such as but not limited to epoxy resin glue, and the buffer protective cover 414 is used to prevent chips and coolant from entering the inside of the force measuring component.

[0049] The electric cylinder 412 is a telescopic electric cylinder. In the initial state, the electric cylinder 412 is in the extended state. When the force on the pressure sensor 411 in the force measuring component 41 exceeds the warning threshold, the electric cylinder 412 starts to retract, the workpiece 2 drops away from the cutting tool 13, the machine tool spindle 11 stops working, and the buffer component 413 performs protective buffering, thereby achieving timely separation of the cutting tool and the workpiece when the cutting force is too large, avoiding damage to the tool due to excessive cutting force.

[0050] The ultrasonic cutting of ceramic-based composites disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling and milling of ceramic-based composites. The ultrasonic frequency can be adjusted during machining to achieve ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting of ceramic-based composites at different frequencies. The device can be applied to a variety of machine tools, including but not limited to CNC machine tools and CNC machining centers. The device and processing method facilitate the recovery and removal of chips and coolant, preventing chips and coolant from falling onto machine tool guide rails, making them difficult to collect and clean. The device and processing method enable timely cooling of the workpiece and tool during ultrasonic cutting of ceramic-based composites, preventing severe tool wear due to excessive temperatures and changes in material properties due to heat on the workpiece surface. The device and processing method enable timely separation of the cutting tool and workpiece when excessive cutting forces occur, preventing tool damage caused by excessive cutting forces. The device and processing method also enable minimal lubrication of ceramic-based composites, ensuring timely cooling of the workpiece while preventing coolant particles from entering the material pores due to excessive coolant, which could alter the surface quality of the machined material. Coolants include, but are not limited to, vegetable lubricants, which are environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises an ultrasonic cutting assembly (1), a workpiece clamping assembly (3) is arranged directly below the ultrasonic cutting assembly (1), a workpiece (2) is clamped on the workpiece clamping assembly (3), and the workpiece (2) is located directly below the ultrasonic cutting assembly (1), a real-time force measuring device (4) is arranged below the workpiece clamping assembly (3), a chip and coolant collecting assembly (6) is arranged below the real-time force measuring device (4), a machine tool guide rail (7) is fixedly connected to the chip and coolant collecting assembly (6), and a lubricating cooling assembly (5) is also included, and the lubricating cooling assembly (5) sprays lubricating liquid on the cutting contact point between the workpiece (2) and the ultrasonic cutting assembly (1).

2. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic cutting assembly (1) comprises a machine tool spindle (11), an ultrasonic tool handle assembly (12) is fixedly provided at the output end of the machine tool spindle (11), a cutting tool (13) is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic tool handle assembly (12), and the cutting tool (13) faces the workpiece (2); The ultrasonic knife handle assembly (12) comprises an ultrasonic knife handle (121), a cutting tool (13) is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic knife handle (121), and the ultrasonic knife handle (121) is also connected in sequence to an ultrasonic power supply (122) and a frequency adjustment display (123) via wires.

3. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping assembly (3) includes a clamping base plate (31), which is fixedly arranged above the real-time force measuring device (4). Two symmetrical sliding blocks (32) are arranged on the upper surface of the clamping base plate (31), and the two sliding blocks (32) are distributed on both sides of the workpiece (2). An auxiliary plate (35) is placed on the clamping base plate (31) between the two sliding blocks (32). The auxiliary plate (35) is pressed against the clamping base plate (31) by a pressure plate (33), and the pressure plate (33) is fixedly connected to the clamping base plate (31) by a fixing bolt (34). The workpiece (2) is adhered to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate (35) by hot melt adhesive.

4. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pressing plate (33) is provided on each side of the auxiliary plate (35) near the two sliding blocks (32), and a second sliding block (331) is provided at both ends of the pressing plate (33) near the corresponding sliding block (32). A second sliding groove (322) is provided at the position of the sliding block (32) corresponding to the second sliding block (331). The second sliding block (331) of the pressing plate (33) slides up and down along the second sliding groove (322) and is then fixed to the clamping base plate (31) by a fixing bolt (34). The two pressing plates (33) press the auxiliary plate (35) against the upper surface of the clamping base plate (31); Two first sliding grooves (311) are arranged in parallel on the clamping base plate (31), and first sliding blocks (321) are arranged at positions corresponding to the two first sliding grooves (311) at both ends of the two sliding blocks (32), and the sliding blocks (32) slide in the first sliding grooves (311) through the first sliding blocks (321); A plurality of first threaded holes (312) are evenly arranged at both ends of the corresponding pressing plate (33) on the clamping base plate (31) so as to match auxiliary plates (35) of different sizes according to workpieces (2) of different sizes. The two ends of the pressing plate (33) are fixed by fixing bolts (34) and the corresponding first threaded holes (312) to achieve compression of the auxiliary plate (35).

5. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The real-time force measuring device (4) includes a force measuring assembly (41), wherein the force measuring assembly (41) includes a force measuring top plate (415), a pressure sensor (411), a transition plate (416), and a force measuring bottom plate (417) arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a plurality of buffer assemblies (413) are evenly arranged between the transition plate (416) and the force measuring bottom plate (417), a plurality of electric cylinders (412) are evenly arranged outside the buffer assemblies (413) between the transition plate (416) and the force measuring bottom plate (417), the force measuring top plate (415), the pressure sensor (411), the transition plate (416), and the force measuring bottom plate (417). 1), the transition plate (416), the force measuring base plate (417), the buffer assembly (413), and the electric cylinder (412) are wrapped and integrated in the buffer protection cover (414), the clamping base plate (31) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the force measuring top plate (415) by bolts, the lower surface of the force measuring base plate (417) is fixedly connected to the chip and coolant collection assembly (6) by bolts, and the pressure sensor (411) is connected to the charge amplifier (42), the force measuring instrument data acquisition device (43), and the computer (44) in sequence through wires.

6. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cylinder body of the electric cylinder (412) is fixed to the upper surface of the force measuring base plate (417), the protruding end of the electric cylinder (412) is fixed to the lower surface of the transition plate (416), the buffer assembly (413) includes a buffer sleeve (4132) fixed to the upper surface of the force measuring base plate (417), an elastic element (4133) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the buffer sleeve (4132), the other end of the elastic element (4133) is fixedly connected to a buffer slide rod (4131), the buffer slide rod (4131) is adapted to the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve (4132) and is slidably connected in the buffer sleeve (4132), and the other end of the buffer slide rod (4131) is fixed to the lower surface of the transition plate (416).

7. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lubricating and cooling assembly (5) comprises an air compressor (51), the air compressor (51) is connected to a lubricating and cooling liquid storage device (52) via a pipeline, the lubricating and cooling liquid storage device (52) is connected to a nozzle (54) via a connecting pipe (53), and the nozzle (54) is directed toward the cutting contact point between the workpiece 2 and the ultrasonic cutting assembly (1).

8. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The chip and coolant collecting assembly (6) includes a base plate (61) fixed on a machine tool guide rail (7), a baffle (62) is fixedly provided around the base plate (61), the force measuring base plate (417) is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate (61) by bolts, the baffle (62) surrounds the workpiece (2), the workpiece clamping assembly (3), and the real-time force measuring device (4), and a baffle door (63) is also provided on one side of the baffle (62); A boss (615) is provided in the middle of the base plate (61), and the force measuring base plate (417) is fixed to the boss (615) by bolts. An annular collecting groove (613) is provided on the base plate (61) corresponding to the outer side of the boss (615), and a filter screen (614) is provided on the annular collecting groove (613). A coolant discharge port (616) is also provided on the upper surface of the base plate (61), and one end of the coolant discharge port (616) is connected to the annular collecting groove (613).

9. The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The base plate (61) is provided with U-shaped grooves (611) at the four corners, and the base plate (61) is fixed to the machine tool guide rail (7) by bolts through the U-shaped grooves (611). A key groove (612) is also provided at the bottom of the base plate (61), and the key groove (612) is connected to the machine tool guide rail (7) through a key for positioning.

10. A method for ultrasonic cutting of ceramic matrix composite materials, characterized in that: The ultrasonic cutting device for ceramic matrix composite materials according to claim 9 is implemented in the following steps: Step 1, bonding the bottom surface of the workpiece (2) to the upper surface of the auxiliary plate (35); Step 2, turning on the ultrasonic power supply (122) and setting the required ultrasonic vibration frequency, and setting the force warning threshold in the computer (44); Step 3, turning on the air compressor (51), and controlling the machine tool spindle (11) to rotate, cutting the workpiece (2), during the cutting process, constantly monitoring the pressure value of the pressure sensor (411), when the pressure sensor (411) is subjected to a force exceeding the warning threshold, controlling the electric cylinder (412) to start contraction, the workpiece (2) descends away from the cutting tool (13), and the machine tool spindle (11) stops working; otherwise, after completing the cutting process according to normal cutting requirements, the machine tool spindle (11) retracts and stops working.

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