Feed preparation method based on animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model

Abstract

The invention provides a feed preparation method based on an animal net energy system and a high amino acid balance model. The feed preparation method comprises the following steps: establishing an animal net energy system energy demand model; establishing a high amino acid balance model; outputting preliminary feed formula data by using the energy demand model of the animal net energy system; inputting the preliminary feed formula data into the high amino acid balance model, analyzing the preliminary feed formula data by the high amino acid balance model, and outputting animal feed formula data; selecting corresponding materials according to the animal feed formula data; the materials are pretreated; and mixing the materials to prepare the corresponding animal feed. According to the feed preparation method based on the animal net energy system and the high amino acid balance model, the feed prepared through the method has the high conversion rate, the breeding cost can be reduced, and environmental pollution can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of animal feed preparation, in particular to a feed preparation method based on an animal net energy system and a high amino acid balance model. BACKGROUND

[0002] The animal feed industry has always taken improving feed conversion rate, reducing breeding cost and reducing environmental pollution as the main core technical development goal. In the current technical application, the animal feed formula is mainly designed based on the metabolic energy (ME) or digestible energy (DE) system, specifically by simply adjusting the proportion of energy raw materials (such as corn, wheat) and protein raw materials (such as soybean meal, fish meal) to meet the nutritional needs of animals, but this animal feed formula design method has significant technical defects, such as: (1) Energy and amino acid demand do not match; the metabolic energy system does not fully consider the correlation between the actual available energy of animals and protein synthesis, for example, animal feed with a large proportion of soybean meal, which takes soybean meal as the main protein source, has differences between the amino acid content and the amino acid demand of animals, which makes excessive amino acids be decomposed into nitrogen waste, causing energy waste, not only increasing the breeding cost, but also intensifying environmental pollution; (2) Insufficient types and concentrations of amino acids; recent studies have shown that monogastric animals (such as pigs) need at least 10 essential amino acids to support muscle growth, but the traditional formula usually only adds 1-4 kinds of limiting amino acids such as lysine and methionine to the feed, and the concentration is low (the content is generally less than 5 kg / t), resulting in a lack of balanced supplementation of multiple amino acids in the traditional formula; (3) High cost of protein raw materials; the traditional formula lacks multiple amino acids, so a high proportion of soybean meal (20%-25%) is used to fill the gap of amino acids, which results in high cost of protein raw materials; (4) Different absorption of different forms of amino acids; due to the different absorption of crystal amino acids and amino acids in protein raw materials by the intestinal tract, the utilization rate of amino acids is reduced, and free amino acids are quickly dissolved in the stomach acid environment, part of which is decomposed by microorganisms or absorbed too early, cannot be utilized with subsequent released amino acids, and cannot be synthesized into corresponding proteins, resulting in low synthesis efficiency, and the amino acids not utilized synchronously are discharged through urine, increasing nitrogen emissions; (5) In order to make up for the loss of amino acid absorption, the amount of amino acid added in the feed needs to be increased, resulting in cost increase and resource waste. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a feed preparation method based on an animal net energy system and a high amino acid balance model. The feed prepared by the method has a high conversion rate, and can reduce breeding cost and environmental pollution.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] The feed preparation method based on the animal net energy system and the high amino acid balance model comprises the following steps:

[0006] According to the material type data, the unit net energy data of the material, the animal breed data, the animal growth stage data, the growth environment temperature data, and the net energy demand data of the specific animal growth stage corresponding to the animal breed, an animal net energy system energy demand model is established.

[0007] According to the amino acid type data, the unit net energy of the amino acid, and the specific amino acid dosage demand data required by the specific growth stage of the corresponding animal, a high amino acid balance model is established.

[0008] The animal breed data, the animal growth stage data, the growth environment temperature data, and the energy material type are input into the animal net energy system energy demand model, and the animal net energy system energy demand model outputs preliminary feed formula data.

[0009] The preliminary feed formula data are input into the high amino acid balance model, the high amino acid balance model analyzes the preliminary feed formula data, and outputs animal feed formula data.

[0010] The corresponding material is selected according to the animal feed formula data.

[0011] The material is pretreated.

[0012] The material is mixed to prepare the corresponding animal feed.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the feed preparation method based on the animal net energy system and the high amino acid balance model has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) The existing animal feed does not combine the net energy (NE) system to dynamically adjust the formula, the energy calculation is rough, the energy and amino acid ratio is unbalanced, and the core goal of improving feed conversion rate, reducing breeding cost, and reducing environmental pollution cannot be achieved well. According to the animal net energy system energy demand model, the energy demand is dynamically adjusted according to the animal breed (pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, and female livestock, male livestock), the animal growth stage (such as piglets, fattening pigs, etc.), and the production environment temperature, the net energy (NE) system is used to replace the traditional metabolic energy (ME), and the precise calculation of the net energy is realized, so that the energy surplus or deficiency is avoided (for example, the net energy demand of fattening pigs is 10-12 MJ / kg, the ratio of energy raw materials (such as corn and wheat) is optimized through algorithm optimization, and the error rate is less than 2%);

[0015] (2) based on the demand curve of essential amino acids involved in animal feeding (amino acid species data and specific amino acid usage demand data corresponding to the specific growth stage of the animal are fitted) to establish a high amino acid balance model, and link the high amino acid balance model with the animal net energy system energy demand model, so that the high amino acid balance model adjusts the feed formula data according to the output results of the animal net energy system energy demand model;

[0016] (3) After the animal net energy system energy demand model outputs the preliminary feed formula data, the high amino acid balance model is used to further adjust the feed formula, so that the proportion of each amino acid is matched with the net energy demand, and a variety of essential amino acids are balanced synchronously, realizing the overall balance of the net energy system and amino acids, ensuring the dynamic matching of the net energy system and amino acid demand (for example, when the net energy demand increases, the proportion of threonine and valine is increased synchronously), so that the final animal feed formula is matched with the net energy value in real time, ensuring that the energy provided by the animal feed formula is used for protein synthesis rather than catabolism. In addition, by constructing the net energy-high amino acid balance mechanism, a feed product based on the net energy-high amino acid balance technology is provided, which can significantly improve the feed conversion rate and reduce environmental pollution. Secondly, through the synergistic effect of energy and amino acids, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) is significantly reduced to below 2.3, which is lower than the traditional feed of 2.6-2.8;

[0017] (4) The amount of soybean meal (protein supply) used in the animal feed prepared by the method can be reduced by 35%, reducing the dependence on soybean meal materials, and the comprehensive cost is reduced by 8%-10%;

[0018] (5) Nitrogen emission in the breeding industry has become a key area of global environmental governance. According to actual detection data, about 4.5 kg of nitrogen emission is generated per ton of traditional feed, of which 60% is discharged through feces, requiring high sewage treatment costs. The animal feed prepared by the method can fully cope with environmental pressure and policy restrictions, the amount of soybean meal is reduced by 30%-35%, nitrogen emission is reduced by 25%-30%, sewage treatment cost is saved by more than 30%, ammonia concentration in the barn is reduced by 40%-50%, and the incidence of respiratory diseases is reduced by 50%-60%, thereby improving animal health.

[0019] Further, when inputting amino acid species data, the core amino acid data is limited, and the preliminary feed formula data contains at least the data of the core amino acid; the limited core amino acid data includes the type of core amino acid and the minimum amount of core amino acid.

[0020] The above design can ensure that the output animal feed formula data contains core amino acid data, and ensure that the prepared animal feed formula fully meets the development needs of animals.

[0021] Further, the core amino acids include at least lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine.

[0022] In actual production, the animal feed with lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine as core amino acids has good use effect, so the animal feed formula is limited to contain at least the above amino acids.

[0023] Further, the animal feed formula data contains 4% premix data;

[0024] The minimum amount of core amino acids in the added 4% premix is respectively:

[0025] Lysine: 100-175 kg / t;

[0026] Methionine: 20-60 kg / t;

[0027] Threonine: 30-65 kg / t;

[0028] Tryptophan: 5-12 kg / t;

[0029] Valine: 5-40 kg / t;

[0030] Isoleucine: 5-10 kg / t.

[0031] In the existing commercially available premix, the content of lysine is 75 kg / t, the content of methionine is 12 kg / t, and the content of threonine is 15 kg / t. The 4% premix of the animal feed of the present application breaks through the industry convention in the concentration of the six key amino acids and is more in line with the growth needs of animals. In addition, the present application relates to a feed formula technology combining a net energy system and a high-concentration amino acid balance, and a feed product prepared based on the technology, which is suitable for feeding single-stomach animals such as pigs and can significantly improve feed conversion rate and reduce environmental pollution.

[0032] Further, when establishing the high-amino acid balance model, the synergistic mechanism data between the amino acids are input into the high-amino acid balance model.

[0033] There is a synergistic effect between amino acids, for example, when lysine and isoleucine are used in a specific ratio, they can promote animal muscle protein synthesis, and for example, when tryptophan and phenylalanine are used in combination, they can reduce the stress response of animals and increase feed intake, but when the above amino acids are used alone, they do not have the corresponding effect. Therefore, when calculating the animal feed formula, the high-amino acid balance model directly outputs the animal feed formula related to the synergistic effect mechanism between the amino acids, thereby improving the utility of animal feed.

[0034] Further, when the high-amino acid balance model is established, the high-amino acid balance model is further input with the coating ratio-release time difference data of each amino acid; the coating ratio-release time difference data of the amino acid is obtained by coating and mixing the same kind of amino acid at different gradient ratios to form an amino acid test object, mixing the amino acid test object and the protein source or the amino acid of the protein source at a specified ratio to form a synchronous test object, digesting the synchronous test object through a simulated in-vivo digestion experiment, and recording the digestion time of the synchronous test object, the daily weight gain of the organism in the simulated in-vivo digestion experiment, and the nitrogen discharge amount; the release synchronization rate data of the amino acid test object with the protein source or the amino acid of the protein source at different coating gradient ratios is obtained according to the digestion time of the synchronous test object and the synchronous test object at different coating gradient ratios; the feed utilization rate data of the synchronous test object corresponding to the amino acid test object at different coating gradient ratios is obtained according to the daily weight gain of the organism in the simulated in-vivo digestion experiment and the synchronous test object at different coating gradient ratios; the release time data of the amino acid test object at different coating gradient ratios is obtained according to the nitrogen discharge amount and the synchronous test object at different coating gradient ratios; the above-mentioned tests are sequentially performed on the amino acids involved in the animal feed; and all the test data are collected as the coating ratio-release time difference data of the amino acid.

[0035] The existing coated amino acid technology has limitations, only a fixed coating ratio is used, and the chemical properties (such as molecular weight and polarity) and absorption kinetics of different amino acids are not differentiated, resulting in a single slow-release ratio design, and the coating ratio is not synchronized with the release time of the amino acid of the protein source, and the feed absorption efficiency is low. In the present scheme, the coated amino acid technology is used as a stability measure to reduce the problem of feed moisture blocking, reduce the loss rate by 5%, and reduce the comprehensive cost by 12%. In addition, by obtaining the coating ratio-release time difference data of the amino acid, the coated amino acid in the feed formula can be slowly released in the stomach acid environment, and the release time of the protein source (such as rapeseed meal) amino acid in the intestine can be matched, the asynchronous absorption problem can be solved, and the utilization rate of the feed can be improved.

[0036] Further, the preliminary feed formula data includes the name of each material type, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, and the net energy value per unit weight of animal feed; the animal feed formula data includes the name of each material type, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, which includes the amount of non-amino acid material and the amount of amino acid material per unit weight of animal feed, the amount of amino acid material includes the addition amount of each amino acid and the coating rate of each amino acid; the animal feed formula data further includes the addition amount ratio of each amino acid.

[0037] Further, the process of pretreating the material is to take the corresponding amount of amino acid according to the animal feed formula data, and to pretreat the amino acid according to the animal feed formula data, which at least includes coating the amino acid.

[0038] Further, the process of mixing the materials includes:

[0039] Mixing: using a mixer to mix the materials;

[0040] Gelatinization: using a double-layer conditioner to enhance the starch gelatinization of the materials;

[0041] Granulation: using a granulator to make the materials into granules

[0042] Cooling: using a cooler to cool

[0043] Mold-proofing: adding a mold-proofing agent and mixing evenly.

[0044] Further, after the feed preparation is completed, the feed is vacuum-sealed and packaged, so as to avoid the contact of pollutants, moisture and oxygen with the feed, effectively prolong the shelf life of the feed and facilitate the storage of the feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following describes the embodiments of the present application:

[0046] The feed preparation method based on the animal net energy system and the high amino acid balance model of the present embodiment includes:

[0047] According to the material type data, the unit net energy data of the materials, the animal breed data, the animal growth stage data, the growth environment temperature data, and the net energy requirement data of the specific animal growth stage corresponding to the animal breed, an animal net energy system energy requirement model is established;

[0048] According to the amino acid type data, the unit net energy of the amino acids, and the specific amino acid dosage requirement data required by the specific growth stage of the corresponding animal, a high amino acid balance model is established;

[0049] The animal breed data, the animal growth stage data, the growth environment temperature data, and the energy material type are input into the animal net energy system energy requirement model, and the animal net energy system energy requirement model outputs preliminary feed formula data;

[0050] The preliminary feed formula data is input into the high amino acid balance model, the high amino acid balance model analyzes the preliminary feed formula data, and outputs animal feed formula data;

[0051] The corresponding materials are selected according to the animal feed formula data;

[0052] The materials are pretreated;

[0053] The materials are mixed to configure the corresponding animal feed.

[0054] In the present embodiment, the material type data is single-stomach animal type, including pigs, chickens, ducks, etc.

[0055] Animal growth stage data, net energy requirement data of specific animal growth stage of corresponding animal breed, specifically: according to animal weight segmentation design, for example: piglet stage (10-30 kg), net energy requirement 9-10 MJ / kg; fattening pig stage (30-120 kg), net energy requirement 10-12 MJ / kg.

[0056] In the scheme, the generation of the animal net energy system energy requirement model and the high amino acid balance model after importing the relevant data into the intelligent model belongs to the application of the prior art, and the innovation point here is the type of data selected for the input model, which is not an innovation of the intelligent model technology.

[0057] The feed of the scheme is suitable for the whole feeding cycle, including starter feed, fattening feed and pregnant sow feed.

[0058] Further, when inputting the amino acid type data, the core amino acid data is limited, and the data of at least containing the core amino acid in the preliminary feed formula data is limited; the limitation of the core amino acid data includes the type of the core amino acid and the minimum amount of the core amino acid.

[0059] The above design method can ensure that the output animal feed formula data contains core amino acid data, and ensure that the prepared animal feed formula fully meets the development needs of animals.

[0060] Further, the types of the core amino acids at least include lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine.

[0061] In actual production, the animal feed with lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine as core amino acids has good use effect, so the animal feed formula at least needs to contain the above amino acids.

[0062] Further, the animal feed formula data contains 4% premix data;

[0063] The minimum amount of core amino acid in the added 4% premix is:

[0064] Lysine: 100-175 kg / t;

[0065] Methionine: 20-60 kg / t;

[0066] Threonine: 30-65 kg / t;

[0067] Tryptophan: 5-12 kg / t;

[0068] Valine: 5-40 kg / t;

[0069] Isoleucine: 5-10 kg / t.

[0070] In the existing commercially available premix, the content of lysine is 75 kg / t, the content of methionine is 12 kg / t, and the content of threonine is 15 kg / t. In the 4% premix of the animal feed of the present application, the concentration of the six key amino acids breaks through the industry convention and is more in line with the growth needs of animals. In addition, the present application relates to a feed formulation technology combining a net energy system with a high-concentration amino acid balance, as well as a feed product prepared based on the technology, which is suitable for the feeding of monogastric animals such as pigs, can significantly improve feed conversion rate and reduce environmental pollution.

[0071] Further, when establishing the high-amino acid balance model, the synergistic mechanism data between each amino acid is also input into the high-amino acid balance model.

[0072] There is a synergistic effect between amino acids, such as when leucine and isoleucine are used in a specific ratio, they can promote animal muscle protein synthesis, and when tryptophan and phenylalanine are used in combination, they can reduce the stress response of animals and increase feed intake, but when the above-mentioned amino acids are used alone, they do not have the corresponding effect. Therefore, when calculating the animal feed formulation, the high-amino acid balance model directly outputs the animal feed formulation related to the synergistic effect mechanism between the associated amino acids, thereby improving the effectiveness of animal feed.

[0073] The synergistic effect between amino acids belongs to conventional techniques in the chemical field, and the synergistic effect between amino acids can be obtained by querying existing technical documents.

[0074] Further, when establishing the high-amino acid balance model, the coating ratio-release time difference data of each amino acid is also input into the high-amino acid balance model; the process of obtaining the coating ratio-release time difference data of amino acids is as follows: different gradient ratios of coated and uncoated amino acids of the same kind are mixed to form amino acid test substances, the amino acid test substances and protein sources or protein source amino acids are mixed at a specified ratio to form synchronous test substances, the synchronous test substances are digested through a simulated in-vivo digestion experiment, and the digestion time of the synchronous test substances, the daily weight gain of the organism in the simulated in-vivo digestion experiment, and the nitrogen-containing substance discharge amount are recorded; the release synchronization rate data of the amino acid test substances with different coating ratios and the protein sources or protein source amino acids are obtained according to the digestion time of the synchronous test substances and the synchronous test substances with different coating gradient ratios; the feed utilization rate data of the synchronous test substances corresponding to the amino acid test substances with different coating ratios are obtained according to the daily weight gain of the organism in the simulated in-vivo digestion experiment and the synchronous test substances with different coating gradient ratios; the release time data of the amino acid test substances with different coating gradient ratios are obtained according to the nitrogen-containing substance discharge amount and the synchronous test substances with different coating gradient ratios; the above-mentioned tests are performed on the amino acids involved in the animal feed in turn; and all the test data are collected as the coating ratio-release time difference data of the amino acids.

[0075] The existing amino acid coating technology has limitations, only using a fixed coating ratio, without differentiating the chemical properties (such as molecular weight, polarity) and absorption kinetics of different amino acids, resulting in a single slow-release ratio design, and the coating ratio is not synchronized with the release time of protein source amino acids, leading to low feed absorption efficiency. In this scheme, the coating amino acid technology is used as a stability measure to reduce the problem of feed moisture blocking, reduce the loss rate by 5%, and reduce the comprehensive cost by 12%. By obtaining the coating ratio-release time difference data of amino acids, the coated amino acids in the feed formula can slowly release in the stomach acid environment, match the intestinal release time of protein source (such as rapeseed meal) amino acids, solve the asynchronous absorption problem, and improve the utilization rate of feed.

[0076] Further, the preliminary feed formula data includes the name of each material type, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, and the net energy value per unit weight of animal feed; the animal feed formula data includes the name of each material type, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, which includes the amount of non-amino acid material per unit weight of animal feed and the amount of amino acid material per unit weight of animal feed, and the amount of amino acid material includes the addition amount of each amino acid and the coating rate of each amino acid; the animal feed formula data also includes the addition amount ratio of each amino acid.

[0077] Further, the process of pretreating the material is to take the corresponding amount of amino acid according to the animal feed formula data, and pretreat the amino acid according to the animal feed formula data, which at least includes coating the amino acid.

[0078] Further, the process of mixing the material includes:

[0079] Mixing: using a mixer to mix each material;

[0080] Gelatinization: using a double-layer conditioner to enhance the starch gelatinization of the material;

[0081] Granulation: using a granulator to make the material into granules

[0082] Cooling: using a cooler to cool

[0083] Mildew-proof treatment: adding a mildew-proof agent and mixing evenly.

[0084] During mixing, real-time monitoring is performed by near-infrared spectroscopy, and the variation coefficient of mixing uniformity is ≤5%.

[0085] During gelatinization, the particle durability is ≥95%.

[0086] During granulation, the particle hardness of the feed is 3-5 kg / cm 2 , and the particle size is 2-3 mm.

[0087] The antifungal agent is sodium diacetate, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the feed.

[0088] 0.1%-0.3% of organic acid is additionally added to the feed to inhibit the proliferation of enteric pathogenic bacteria.

[0089] Further, the feed is vacuum sealed after preparation, so as to avoid the contact of pollutants, moisture and oxygen with the feed, thereby effectively prolonging the shelf life of the feed and facilitating storage.

[0090] The process of obtaining the coating ratio-release time difference data of each amino acid:

[0091] (1) Selecting coating materials: select several coating materials, respectively coat the specified amino acid with the several coating materials, determine the release curve of the amino acid coated with different materials in simulated gastric juice (pH 2.0) and intestinal juice (pH 6.8) through in vitro simulation test, evaluate the release effect of different coating materials, and perform safety verification on the coating materials (determine whether it meets the GB 31630-2015 standard, and determine whether it has cytotoxicity (MTT method detection)).

[0092] (2) Coating ratio screening:

[0093] (a) Test design:

[0094] Take lysine as an example to perform coating ratio experiment.

[0095] Coat lysine with rapeseed meal amino acid to prepare feed, and the lysine coating ratio in each group of feed is 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. Then, gradient experiment is performed according to the experimental results to accurately obtain the best coating ratio.

[0096] Select 300 growing pigs (initial weight 20 kg), and randomly divide them into 6 groups (50 pigs per group). The test period is 45 days, and the daily weight gain, feed intake and nitrogen discharge of the growing pigs are recorded.

[0097] (b) Experimental parameter collection and calculation:

[0098] The release synchronization rate, feed utilization rate and nitrogen discharge are collected and calculated.

[0099] Release synchronization rate: the release time difference of coated lysine and rapeseed meal amino acid is determined by in vitro simulation of the digestive system;

[0100] Feed utilization rate: the FCR of each group is calculated.

[0101] Nitrogen discharge: collect feces to determine the total nitrogen content.

[0102] (c) Test results:

[0103] When the lysine coating ratio is 58-63%, the release time difference is ≤15%, the FCR is the minimum value 2.25±0.04, and the nitrogen emission comparison result is: the nitrogen emission is 2.6 kg / t, which is significantly lower than 4.1 kg / t of the uncoated group; it can be seen that the differential coating design significantly improves the amino acid utilization rate, verifying the rationality of the coating ratio of the present scheme.

[0104] (3) Determination of coating ratio of other amino acids:

[0105] The optimal coating ratio of other amino acids is measured according to the above test.

[0106] (4) Data of synergistic mechanism between amino acids:

[0107] In the presence of lysine in the mixture at a coating ratio of 50-65%, each amino acid is added to the mixture at different molar ratios and coating ratios to make feed under the condition that the total mass is unchanged.

[0108] The specific results are as follows:

[0109] Table 1: Optimal coating ratio data of core amino acids in 4% premix

[0110] Amino acid name Total addition amount (kg / t) Coating ratio Coated type (kg / t) Uncoated type (kg / t) Lysine 175 60％ 105 70 Methionine 60 50％ 30 30 Threonine 65 30％ 19.5 45.5 Tryptophan 12 20％ 2.4 9.6 Valine 40 40％ 16 24 Isoleucine 10 30％ 3 7

[0111] The above amino acid synergistic mechanism is explained as follows:

[0112] Methionine: 50% coating (FCR reduced by 12%, nitrogen emission reduced by 25%);

[0113] Threonine: 30% coating (synchronization rate 88%, cost-effective);

[0114] Tryptophan: 20% coating (low coating ratio to avoid excessive slow release);

[0115] Valine: 40% coating (balance release rate and cost);

[0116] Isoleucine: 30% coating (synergistic with leucine).

[0117] In this embodiment, the core amino acids are expanded to 12 essential amino acids, including lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and glycine.

[0118] An optimal embodiment, in which the content of amino acids in 4% premix per ton is:

[0119] Lysine: 175 kg / t;

[0120] Methionine: 60 kg / t;

[0121] Threonine: 65 kg / t;

[0122] Tryptophan: 12 kg / t;

[0123] Valine: 40 kg / t;

[0124] Isoleucine: 10 kg / t.

[0125] Compared with the prior art, the feed preparation method based on the animal net energy system and the high amino acid balance model has the following beneficial effects:

[0126] (1) The existing animal feed does not combine the net energy (NE) system dynamic adjustment formula, and the energy calculation is rough, and there is a problem of imbalance between energy and amino acid ratio, which cannot well achieve the core goal of improving feed conversion rate, reducing breeding cost and reducing environmental pollution. The energy demand model of the animal net energy system is used to dynamically adjust the energy demand according to the animal variety (pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, etc., and female livestock, male livestock), animal growth stage (such as piglets, fattening pigs, etc.) and production environment temperature and other multi-dimensional conditions, to realize the use of net energy (NE) system instead of traditional metabolic energy (ME), and accurate calculation of net energy, to avoid excess or insufficient energy (for example, the net energy demand of fattening pigs is 10-12 MJ / kg, the ratio of energy raw materials (such as corn, wheat) is optimized through algorithm, and the error rate is less than 2%);

[0127] (2) A high amino acid balance model is established based on the demand curve of essential amino acids involved in animal feeding (amino acid type data and specific amino acid dosage demand data required for specific growth stages of corresponding animals are fitted out), and the high amino acid balance model is linked with the animal net energy system energy demand model, to realize that the high amino acid balance model adjusts the feed formula data according to the output results of the animal net energy system energy demand model;

[0128] (3) After the preliminary feed formula data is output by the animal net energy system energy demand model, the high-amino acid balance model is used to further adjust the feed formula, so that the proportions of various amino acids are matched with the net energy demand, and various essential amino acids are balanced synchronously, realizing the overall balance of the net energy system and amino acids, ensuring the dynamic matching of the net energy system and amino acid demand (for example, when the net energy demand increases, the proportions of threonine and valine are increased synchronously), so that the final animal feed formula is matched with the net energy value in real time, ensuring that the energy provided by the animal feed formula is used for protein synthesis rather than catabolism. In addition, by constructing the net energy-high amino acid balance mechanism, a feed product based on the net energy-high amino acid balance technology is provided, which can significantly improve the feed conversion rate and reduce environmental pollution. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of energy and amino acids, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) is significantly reduced to below 2.3, which is lower than the traditional feed of 2.6-2.8;

[0129] (4) The use of the animal feed prepared by the method can reduce the use of soybean meal (protein supply) by 35%, reduce the dependence on soybean meal materials, and reduce the comprehensive cost by 8%-10%;

[0130] (5) Nitrogen emissions from the livestock industry have become a key area of global environmental governance. According to actual test data, each ton of traditional feed produces about 4.5 kg of nitrogen emissions, of which 60% is discharged through feces, requiring high sewage treatment costs. The use of the animal feed prepared by the method can fully cope with environmental pressure and policy restrictions, reduce the use of soybean meal by 30%-35%, reduce nitrogen emissions by 25%-30%, save more than 30% of sewage treatment costs, reduce ammonia concentration in the barn by 40%-50%, and reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases by 50%-60%, thereby improving animal health.

[0131] The following animal feed is prepared according to the above animal feed preparation method:

[0132] (1) Preparation of piglet feed formula

[0133] (a) Raw material preparation:

[0134] Energy raw materials: corn (net energy value 8.5 MJ / kg), wheat (net energy value 7.8 MJ / kg);

[0135] Protein replacement raw materials: rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, synthetic glycine (purity 98%);

[0136] Premix: lysine (purity 98%, coated), methionine (purity 99%), threonine (purity 95%), vitamins, trace elements, etc.

[0137] (b) Net energy calculation and formula design:

[0138] Target animal: 10-30 kg piglets, net energy requirement 9.5 MJ / kg, 25℃;

[0139] Energy raw materials: corn, wheat, bran;

[0140] Input relevant data into the animal net energy system energy requirement model;

[0141] Obtain the following data (initial feed formula data):

[0142] Raw material ratio: corn 60%, wheat 20%, bran 10%, soybean meal 6%, premix 4%;

[0143] Input the initial feed formula data into the high amino acid balance model;

[0144] Obtain the following data:

[0145] 4% premix amino acid composition (coated and uncoated ratio according to the above table 1):

[0146] Lysine: 7 kg / t

[0147] Methionine: 2.4 kg / t

[0148] Threonine: 2.6 kg / t

[0149] Tryptophan: 0.48 kg / t

[0150] Valine: 1.6 kg / t

[0151] Isoleucine: 0.4 kg / t

[0152] Balance the remaining essential amino acids (6) to the following proportion (accounting for the total):

[0153] Leucine 1.8%, arginine 1.2%, histidine 0.6%, phenylalanine 1.5%, tyrosine 0.9%, glycine 0.7%.

[0154] Other ingredients:

[0155] Compound vitamins: 0.5 kg / t (providing VA, VD3, VE, VK3, VB1, VB2, VB6, VB 12 , biotin, etc.)

[0156] Compound trace elements: 2.0 kg / t (providing Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, I, Se, etc.)

[0157] Calcium source (such as stone powder) and phosphorus source (such as calcium hydrogen phosphate): 15 kg / t

[0158] Salt: 3 kg / t

[0159] Phytase: 0.1 kg / t

[0160] Antioxidant: 0.1 kg / t

[0161] Carriers (e.g. stone dust): make up to 40 kg / t

[0162] Output animal feed formulation data:

[0163] Corn 60%, wheat 20%, bran 10%, soybean meal 6%, premix 4%;

[0164] Premix ingredients:

[0165] Lysine: 7 kg / t (60% coating rate)

[0166] Methionine: 2.4 kg / t (50% coating rate)

[0167] Threonine: 2.6 kg / t (30% coating rate)

[0168] Tryptophan: 0.48 kg / t (20% coating rate)

[0169] Valine: 1.6 kg / t (40% coating rate)

[0170] Isoleucine: 0.4 kg / t (40% coating rate)

[0171] Leucine 1.8%

[0172] Arginine 1.2%

[0173] Histidine 0.6%

[0174] Phenylalanine 1.5%

[0175] Tyrosine 0.9%

[0176] Glycine 0.7%

[0177] Complex vitamins: 0.5 kg / t

[0178] Complex trace elements: 2.0 kg / t

[0179] Calcium hydrogen phosphate: 15 kg / t

[0180] Salt: 3 kg / t

[0181] Phytase: 0.1 kg / t

[0182] Antioxidant: 0.1 kg / t

[0183] Carriers: make up to 40 kg / t of premix

[0184] (c) Production process:

[0185] According to the animal feed formula data, the corresponding materials are selected, all the amino acids are mixed uniformly to prepare a premix, and other materials are prepared into a preliminary feed (controlling the amount of soybean meal ≤12%), and the premix is added to the feed.

[0186] Mixing: a double-shaft paddle mixer is used, the rotating speed is 25 rpm, and the mixing time is 5 minutes, and the coated amino acids are added in the later stage;

[0187] Granulation: low-temperature process (tempering temperature ≤75°C), ring die compression ratio 1:8, and granule hardness 4 kg / cm 2 ;

[0188] Enhancing the stability of coating: adding 0.1% lecithin;

[0189] Packaging: vacuum packaging, and the moisture content ≤12%.

[0190] The following animal feed is prepared according to the above animal feed preparation method and fed:

[0191] (2) Application effect verification of fattening pig feed:

[0192] (a) Test design:

[0193] Test group: 1000 fattening pigs (initial weight 30 kg), randomly divided into 5 groups (200 in each group), and fed with the feed of the application (soybean meal accounting for 11.5%);

[0194] Control group: 1000 fattening pigs, grouped similarly, and fed with a commercially available standard feed (soybean meal accounting for 22%, lysine 3 kg / t).

[0195] Test period: 90 days, the environmental temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and the density is 1.5 m 2 / head;

[0196] Feed feeding amount: free feeding, and the daily feed intake is recorded.

[0197] (b) Data recording:

[0198] Feed conversion ratio (FCR): 2.28±0.05 in the test group and 2.65±0.08 in the control group (P<0.01);

[0199] Nitrogen discharge: 2.8 kg / t of feed in the test group and 4.5 kg / t of feed in the control group;

[0200] Sewage treatment cost: ￥120 / ton in the test group and ￥180 / ton in the control group;

[0201] Concentration of ammonia gas in the barn: 8 ppm in the test group and 15 ppm in the control group.

[0202] (c) Result analysis:

[0203] The feed of the present application can significantly reduce the feed conversion ratio, and save the feed cost by about 15%;

[0204] The nitrogen emission is reduced by 28.9%, and the environmental protection cost is reduced by 33.3%;

[0205] The ammonia concentration is reduced by 46.7%, and the incidence of respiratory diseases is reduced from 12% to 6%.

[0206] According to the disclosure and teaching of the above description, those skilled in the art of the present application can also make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes of the present application should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application. In addition, although some specific terms are used in the specification, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A feed formulation method based on an animal net energy system and a high amino acid balance model, characterized in that, include: Based on data on material types, net energy per unit of material, animal species, animal growth stages, ambient temperature, and net energy requirements for specific growth stages of the corresponding animal species, an energy demand model for the animal net energy system is established. A high amino acid balance model is established based on data on amino acid types, net energy per unit of amino acids, and specific amino acid requirements for specific growth stages of corresponding animals. Input animal breed data, animal growth stage data, growth environment temperature data, and energy material types into the animal net energy system energy demand model, and the animal net energy system energy demand model outputs preliminary feed formulation data; Input preliminary feed formulation data into the high amino acid balance model, and the high amino acid balance model analyzes the preliminary feed formulation data and outputs animal feed formulation data; Select the corresponding materials according to the animal feed formulation data; Pre-treat the materials; The materials are mixed to prepare the corresponding animal feed.

2. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, When establishing an energy demand model for an animal net energy system, the input of amino acid types data should be limited to core amino acid data, and the preliminary feed formulation data should contain at least the data of core amino acids. The core amino acid data includes the types of core amino acids and the minimum amount of core amino acids required.

3. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core amino acids include at least lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and isoleucine.

4. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 3, characterized in that, Animal feed formulation data includes 4% premix data; The minimum dosage of core amino acids in the added 4% premix are as follows: Lysine: 100-175 kg / t; Methionine: 20-60 kg / t; Threonine: 30-65 kg / t; Tryptophan: 5-12 kg / t; Valine: 5-40 kg / t; Isoleucine: 5-10 kg / t.

5. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, When establishing a high amino acid balance model, data on the synergistic effect mechanism between various amino acids are also input into the high amino acid balance model.

6. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, When establishing a high amino acid balance model, the coating ratio-release time difference data of each amino acid are also input into the high amino acid balance model. The process of obtaining the coating ratio-release time difference data of amino acids is as follows: different gradient ratios of coated and uncoated amino acids of the same type are mixed to form an amino acid test sample. The amino acid test sample and protein source or protein source amino acids are mixed in a specified ratio to form a synchronous test sample. The synchronous test sample is digested through a simulated in vivo digestion experiment. The digestion time of the synchronous test sample, the daily weight gain of the organism in the simulated in vivo digestion experiment, and the amount of nitrogenous emissions are recorded. Based on the digestion time of the synchronous test analytes and synchronous test analytes with different coating gradient ratios, the release synchronization rate data of amino acid test analytes with different coating ratios and protein sources or protein source amino acids were obtained. Based on the daily weight gain of organisms in simulated in vivo digestion experiments and synchronous test samples with different coating gradient ratios, feed utilization data of synchronous test samples corresponding to amino acid test samples with different coating ratios were obtained. Based on the nitrogen emissions and synchronous test samples with different coating gradient ratios, the release time data of amino acid test samples with different coating gradient ratios were obtained. The amino acids involved in animal feed were tested in sequence as described above; All test data were compiled as amino acid coating ratio-release time difference data.

7. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Preliminary feed formulation data includes the name of each material, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, and the net energy value per unit weight of animal feed. Animal feed formulation data includes the name of each material type, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed, the amount of each material per unit weight of animal feed including the amount of non-amino acid materials and amino acid materials per unit weight of animal feed, and the amount of amino acid materials including the amount of each amino acid added and the coating rate of each amino acid. Animal feed formulation data also includes the proportion of each amino acid added.

8. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of pre-treating the materials is as follows: take the corresponding amount of amino acids according to the animal feed formula data, and pre-treat the amino acids according to the animal feed formula data. The pre-treatment includes at least coating the amino acids.

9. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of mixing materials includes: Mixing: Use a mixer to mix the various materials; Gelatinization: Using a double-layer conditioner enhances the gelatinization of starch in the material; Granulation: Using a granulator to make materials into granules. Cooling: Use a cooler to cool. Anti-mold treatment: Add anti-mold agent and mix well.

10. The feed formulation method based on the animal net energy system and high amino acid balance model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed is vacuum-sealed and packaged after preparation.