Adsorption purification tower for diaminodiphenyl ether production tail gas treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses an adsorption and purification tower for diaminodiphenyl ether production tail gas treatment, and relates to the technical field of adsorption and purification towers, the adsorption and purification tower comprises a tower body, the interior of the tower body is fixedly communicated with an exhaust pipe, the interior of the exhaust pipe is fixedly communicated with an air extractor, the interior of the tower body is fixedly communicated with a spraying pipe, and the spraying pipe is fixedly communicated with an exhaust pipe. The adsorption purification tower comprises a tower body, three observation windows are fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the tower body, a discharge treatment mechanism is arranged in the tower body, and the discharge treatment mechanism comprises a discharge unit. According to the purification filling material discharging device, the used purification filling material can be automatically discharged in the tower body, the purpose of automatically discharging the purification filling material is achieved, layered discharging of the purification filling material at different height positions in the tower body can be achieved, and the flexibility and efficiency of discharging are further improved; and normal use and single-layer discharge of filling materials in different layers are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of adsorption purification tower technology, specifically to an adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether. Background Technology

[0002] An adsorption purification tower is an environmental protection device that uses the adsorption properties of adsorbents to remove pollutants from gases or liquids. It is widely used in fields such as waste gas treatment and wastewater treatment. It is mainly based on the physical and chemical adsorption of activated carbon. Activated carbon has a porous structure and a large specific surface area. It can adsorb harmful gas and liquid molecules through van der Waals forces and chemical bonding forces, so that pollutants are concentrated and kept on the solid surface, thereby achieving the purpose of purification. It is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel and fiberglass, and comes in various shapes such as round and square. It provides a closed space for waste gas treatment. Activated carbon is filled in the tower in the form of granules, columns or honeycomb, and the filling height is determined according to the treatment air volume and pollutant concentration.

[0003] In existing adsorption and purification towers for diaminodiphenyl ether production tail gas, after a period of use, harmful substances in the tail gas are adsorbed onto the adsorbent particles (such as activated carbon), occupying pore sites and causing a decrease in the adsorption performance of the adsorbent particles. Furthermore, existing purification towers do not allow for timely replacement or regeneration of the activated carbon; replacement requires shutdown and manual entry into the tower for cleaning, which is cumbersome, labor-intensive, and poses safety hazards. Although some equipment has discharge ports, it cannot achieve layered control of discharge for different adsorption layers, resulting in high operating costs and affecting the efficiency of tail gas treatment.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an adsorption purification tower for treating the tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether, so as to solve the technical problem that existing purification towers are inconvenient to replace or regenerate activated carbon in a timely manner.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether, comprising a tower body, wherein multiple layers of packing mesh for supporting purification filling material are arranged inside the tower body, an exhaust pipe is fixedly connected inside the exhaust pipe, an exhaust fan is fixedly connected inside the exhaust pipe, a spray pipe is fixedly connected inside the tower body, three observation windows are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower body, and a discharge processing mechanism is provided inside the tower body corresponding to each layer of packing mesh, wherein the discharge processing mechanism includes a discharge unit and a regeneration processing unit;

[0007] The discharge unit is located inside the tower body and is used to discharge the used purification filling material inside the tower body. The discharge unit includes a discharge pipe. The bottom of each packing mesh is fixedly connected to the discharge pipe. The lower end of each discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the output pipe. Each output pipe passes through and extends out of the tower body. The inside of each discharge pipe is slidably connected to a discharge plug. The bottom surface of each discharge plug is fixedly installed with a connecting rod. The bottom surface of each connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support plate.

[0008] The regeneration unit is located on the outside of the tower body. The regeneration unit is used to regenerate the used purification filling material so that it can be reused.

[0009] Furthermore, at least three packing meshes are provided. The outer surface of each packing mesh is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body. A partition plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of each packing mesh. The outer surface of each partition plate is in contact with the inner wall of the tower body. The partition plate divides the upper surface of the packing mesh into four spaces. A drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each partition plate. The output end of each drive motor passes through the packing mesh. A ball screw is fixed to the output end of each drive motor. A matching nut is threaded onto the outer surface of each ball screw. The outer surface of each matching nut is fixedly installed inside the support plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a linear bearing is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each discharge pipe, and the interior of each linear bearing is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a coupling is fixedly installed at the output end of each drive motor, and the inner wall of each coupling is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the ball screw.

[0012] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of each ball screw.

[0013] Furthermore, the regeneration unit includes a support base, the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the tower body. An electric evaporator is fixedly installed inside the support base. The electric evaporator is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe, which is connected to the interior of the tower body. The steam output end of the electric evaporator is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe, which is fixedly connected to a ring pipe, and the ring pipe is fixedly connected to four gas delivery pipes.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the gas supply pipes passes through the support base, the output end of each gas supply pipe is fixedly connected to a feed pipe, the inside of each feed pipe is fixedly connected to three return pipes, each return pipe passes through the tower body and extends above the packing mesh, the inner wall of each feed pipe is rotatably connected to a spiral perforated plate, wherein the top ends of two of the spiral perforated plates are fixedly installed with double groove pulleys, and the outer surfaces of the two double groove pulleys are jointly connected to three synchronous belts for transmission.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner rings of the two synchronous belts are respectively connected to a first pulley and a second pulley. A dual-axis motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first pulley. The bottom surface of the dual-axis motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of one of the feeding pipes. The output end of the dual-axis motor is fixedly connected to the top end of one of the spiral perforated plates. The inner wall of the second pulley is fixedly connected to the top end of one of the spiral perforated plates.

[0016] Furthermore, a water valve is fixedly connected inside the water inlet pipe, and an air valve is fixedly connected inside each of the air supply pipes.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. This invention, by setting up a discharge unit, can automatically discharge the used purification filling material inside the tower body, achieving the purpose of automatic discharge of purification filling material. It can realize the layered discharge of purification filling material at different height positions inside the tower body, further improving the flexibility and efficiency of discharge, and ensuring the normal use of different layers of filling material and single-layer discharge.

[0019] 2. This invention, by independently equipping each layer of packing mesh with a discharge unit consisting of a drive motor, ball screw, and discharge plug, enables precise control of the opening, closing, and unloading of any adsorption layer. This allows for selective, layered replacement of adsorbents at different adsorption saturation levels without requiring a complete shutdown and completely eliminates the need for operators to enter the tower for high-risk manual cleaning operations, greatly improving the automation, safety, and efficiency of maintenance operations.

[0020] 3. This invention, through its regeneration unit, enables online thermal desorption and regeneration of the discharged saturated adsorbent, restoring its adsorption performance to a certain extent, reducing the frequency of fresh adsorbent consumption, and helping to lower long-term exhaust gas treatment costs. The adsorbent is heated using steam generated by an electric evaporator, effectively desorbing the adsorbed pollutants and restoring most of its adsorption performance. This design achieves adsorbent recycling, significantly reducing the consumption of fresh adsorbent and the amount of waste adsorbent to be treated, thus significantly reducing material and environmental costs for exhaust gas treatment in the long run.

[0021] 4. This invention utilizes a spiral perforated plate in the regeneration unit, driven by a dual-axis motor, to transport the regenerated adsorbent upwards and automatically and precisely backfill it into the corresponding packing layer via a return pipe. This design achieves full automation of the "unloading-regeneration-backfilling" process, forming a highly efficient closed-loop circulation system, further reducing manual intervention and ensuring the continuity and stability of production.

[0022] 5. The linear bearing in the discharge unit of this invention ensures smooth and precise movement of the discharge plug; the water valve and air valve in the regeneration unit facilitate precise control of the regeneration medium. The overall structure is compact, and the various actuators work reliably together, making the entire adsorption, unloading, regeneration, and reuse process controllable and efficient, meeting the automation requirements of modern chemical production for environmental protection equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the tower body of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the packing mesh of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the partition plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the feeding tube of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous belt structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ring tube structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 11. Tower body; 12. Evacuation pipe; 13. Evacuator; 14. Observation window; 15. Spray pipe; 2. Discharge processing mechanism; 21. Discharge unit; 2101. Packing mesh; 2102. Divider plate; 2103. Discharge plug; 2104. Discharge pipe; 2105. Drive motor; 2106. Connecting rod; 2107. Linear bearing; 2108. Support plate; 2109. Matching nut; 2110. Limiting plate; 2111. Ball screw; 2112. Output pipe; 2113. Coupling; 22. Regeneration unit; 2201. Support base; 2202. Electric evaporator; 2203. Water inlet pipe; 2204. Feeding pipe; 2205. Dual-shaft motor; 2206. Second pulley; 2207. First pulley; 2208. Double-groove pulley; 2209. Synchronous belt; 2210. Gas supply pipe; 2211. Gas valve; 2212. Ring pipe; 2213. Exhaust pipe; 2214. Water valve; 2215. Spiral perforated plate; 2216. Return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Please see Figures 1-6 The present invention provides a technical solution: an adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether, comprising a tower body 11, an exhaust pipe 12 fixedly connected inside the tower body 11, an exhaust fan 13 fixedly connected inside the exhaust pipe 12, a spray pipe 15 fixedly connected inside the tower body 11, three observation windows 14 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower body 11, and a discharge processing mechanism 2 provided inside the tower body 11 corresponding to each layer of packing mesh 2101, the discharge processing mechanism 2 including a discharge unit 21.

[0035] The discharge unit 21 is located inside the tower body 11. The discharge unit 21 is used to discharge the used purification filling material inside the tower body 11. The discharge unit 21 includes a discharge pipe 2104. The bottom of each packing mesh 2101 is fixedly connected to the discharge pipe 2104. The lower end of each discharge pipe 2104 is fixedly connected to the output pipe 2112. Each output pipe 2112 passes through and extends out of the tower body 11. The inside of each discharge pipe 2104 is slidably connected to a discharge plug 2103. The bottom surface of each discharge plug 2103 is fixedly installed with a connecting rod 2106. The bottom surface of each connecting rod 2106 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support plate 2108.

[0036] The tower body 11 is provided with three packing meshes 2101. The outer surface of each packing mesh 2101 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body 11. A partition plate 2102 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of each packing mesh 2101. The outer surface of each partition plate 2102 is in contact with the inner wall of the tower body 11. A drive motor 2105 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each partition plate 2102. The output end of each drive motor 2105 passes through the packing mesh 2101. A ball screw 2111 is fixed to the output end of each drive motor 2105. A matching nut 2109 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of each ball screw 2111. A support plate 2108 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of each matching nut 2109.

[0037] By setting up a discharge unit 21, the used purification filling material can be automatically discharged inside the tower body 11, realizing the purpose of automatic discharge of the purification filling material. It can realize the layered discharge of purification filling material at different height positions inside the tower body 11, further improving the flexibility and efficiency of discharge, and ensuring the normal use and single-layer discharge of different layers of filling material.

[0038] Please see Figure 4 Each discharge pipe 2104 has a linear bearing 2107 fixedly installed on its inner wall. The interior of each linear bearing 2107 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting rod 2106. Through the linear bearing 2107, the friction generated by the connecting rod 2106 during sliding can be reduced, making the up and down movement of the discharge plug 2103 smoother.

[0039] Please see Figure 5 Each drive motor 2105 has a coupling 2113 fixedly installed at its output end. The inner wall of each coupling 2113 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the ball screw 2111. Through the coupling 2113, a stable and reliable connection can be achieved between the output end of the drive motor 2105 and the ball screw 2111, effectively transmitting torque and avoiding vibration or failure caused by unstable connection.

[0040] Please see Figure 5 Each ball screw 2111 has a limiting plate 2110 fixedly installed on its bottom surface. The limiting plate 2110 can limit the downward stroke of the support plate 2108.

[0041] The specific implementation method of this embodiment is as follows: When purifying the tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether, the spray pipe 15 sprays the treatment liquid into the tower body 11 to perform preliminary spray treatment on the tail gas. During the rise of the tail gas, it will pass through three packing meshes 2101 in sequence. The packing meshes 2101 are filled with purification packing material. The pollutants in the tail gas will be adsorbed by the purification packing material, thereby achieving the purification treatment of the tail gas. When the purification packing material is used for a period of time, its adsorption performance will decrease. At this time, the purification packing material needs to be discharged and regenerated. The drive motor 2105 is started, and the output end of the drive motor 2105 will drive the ball screw 2111 to rotate through the coupling 2113. The rotation of 111 will cause the matching nut 2109 and support plate 2108 to descend. The descent of support plate 2108 will cause discharge plug 2103 to descend through connecting rod 2106, so that discharge plug 2103 slides out from discharge pipe 2104. At this time, the purified filling material on the packing mesh 2101 will be discharged from tower body 11 through discharge pipe 2104 and output pipe 2112. When the purified filling material of a certain layer is discharged, the drive motor 2105 of that layer can be turned off, so that discharge plug 2103 can block discharge pipe 2104 again. Then, the same discharge operation can be performed on the purified filling material of other layers, realizing the stratified discharge of purified filling material at different height positions in tower body 11.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 6-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: an adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether. The present invention makes corresponding improvements to the technical problems mentioned in the background art. The discharge treatment mechanism 2 also includes a regeneration treatment unit 22, which is located outside the tower body 11. The regeneration treatment unit 22 is used to regenerate the purified filling material after use so that it can be put into use again.

[0044] As a further definition of the discharge processing mechanism 2 of the present invention, the regeneration processing unit 22 includes a support base 2201, the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the tower body 11. An electric evaporator 2202 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the support base 2201. A water inlet pipe 2203 is fixedly connected to the inside of the electric evaporator 2202. The inside of the water inlet pipe 2203 is connected to the inside of the tower body 11. An exhaust pipe 2213 is fixedly connected to the inside of the electric evaporator 2202. The internal structure of tower 213 is fixedly connected to a ring pipe 2212, which in turn is fixedly connected to four gas delivery pipes 2210. Each gas delivery pipe 2210 passes through the support base 2201. Each gas delivery pipe 2210 is fixedly connected to a feed pipe 2204, which in turn is fixedly connected to three return pipes 2216. Each return pipe 2216 passes through the tower body 11 and extends above the packing mesh 2101. The inner wall of each feed pipe 2204 is rotatable. The system is connected to a spiral perforated plate 2215, with a double-groove pulley 2208 fixedly installed at the top of each of the two spiral perforated plates 2215. The outer surfaces of the two double-groove pulleys 2208 are connected to three synchronous belts 2209. The inner rings of the two synchronous belts 2209 are respectively connected to a first pulley 2207 and a second pulley 2206. A dual-axis motor 2205 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first pulley 2207. The bottom surface of the dual-axis motor 2205 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of one of the feeding pipes 2204. The output end of the dual-axis motor 2205 is fixedly connected to the top of one of the spiral perforated plates 2215. The inner wall of the second pulley 2206 is fixedly connected to the top of one of the spiral perforated plates 2215. A regeneration unit 22 is provided. By providing the regeneration unit 22, the discharged saturated adsorbent can be thermally desorbed and regenerated online, restoring its adsorption performance to a certain extent, reducing the consumption frequency of fresh adsorbent, and helping to reduce long-term exhaust gas treatment costs.

[0045] Please see Figure 8 The water inlet pipe 2203 is fixedly connected to a water valve 2214, and each air supply pipe 2210 is fixedly connected to an air valve 2211. Through the water valve 2214 and the air valve 2211, the flow of fluid in the water inlet pipe 2203 and the air supply pipe 2210 can be precisely controlled. During the regeneration process, the water valve 2214 and the air valve 2211 can be flexibly opened or closed according to the needs of different stages to ensure that the heating and evaporation process in the electric evaporator 2202 is carried out accurately according to the predetermined process.

[0046] The specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: After the discharged material enters the feeding pipe 2204, an appropriate amount of water can be introduced into the electric evaporator 2202 through the water inlet pipe 2203. The generated steam enters the gas transmission pipe 2210 through the exhaust pipe 2213 and the ring pipe 2212, assisting in heating the purification packing material to remove the adsorbed pollutants. After regeneration, the purification packing material recovers or approaches its original adsorption performance and can be used again for exhaust gas purification. The packing material is processed in the feeding pipe 2204. The spiral perforated plate 2215 has holes, allowing the gas... The body can pass through to evaporate the filling material. Then, the dual-shaft motor 2205 is started to drive the spiral perforated plate 2215 to rotate. The spiral perforated plate 2215 drives the double groove pulley 2208 to rotate accordingly. Through the transmission of the synchronous belt 2209, the other two spiral perforated plates 2215 are driven to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the spiral perforated plate 2215 will transport the purified filling material in the feed pipe 2204 upward. When the material is transported to a certain height, it will re-enter the packing mesh 2101 in the tower body 11 through the return pipe 2216 for reuse.

Claims

1. An adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether, comprising a tower body (11), wherein the tower body (11) is provided with multiple layers of packing mesh (2101) for supporting purification filling material, characterized in that: The tower body (11) is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe (12), the exhaust pipe (12) is fixedly connected to an exhaust fan (13), the tower body (11) is fixedly connected to a spray pipe (15), the inner wall of the tower body (11) is fixedly installed with three observation windows (14), and a discharge processing mechanism (2) is provided inside the tower body (11) corresponding to each layer of packing mesh (2101). The discharge processing mechanism (2) includes a discharge unit (21) and a regeneration processing unit (22). The discharge unit (21) is located inside the tower body (11). The discharge unit (21) is used to discharge the purified filling material after use in the tower body (11). The discharge unit (21) includes a discharge pipe (2104). The bottom of each packing mesh (2101) is fixedly connected to the discharge pipe (2104). The lower end of each discharge pipe (2104) is fixedly connected to the output pipe (2112). Each output pipe (2112) passes through and extends out of the tower body (11). The interior of each discharge pipe (2104) is slidably connected to a discharge plug (2103). The bottom surface of each discharge plug (2103) is fixedly installed with a connecting rod (2106). The bottom surface of each connecting rod (2106) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support plate (2108). The regeneration unit (22) is located outside the tower body (11). The regeneration unit (22) is used to regenerate the purified filling material after use so that it can be put into use again.

2. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least three packing meshes (2101) are provided. The outer surface of each packing mesh (2101) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tower body (11). A partition plate (2102) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of each packing mesh (2101). The outer surface of the partition plate (2102) is in contact with the inner wall of the tower body (11). The partition plate (2102) divides the upper surface of the packing mesh (2101) into four spaces. A drive motor (2105) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each partition plate (2102). The output end of each drive motor (2105) passes through the packing mesh (2101). A ball screw (2111) is fixed to the output end of each drive motor (2105). A matching nut (2109) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of each ball screw (2111). The outer surface of each matching nut (2109) is fixedly installed inside the support plate (2108).

3. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 2, characterized in that: A linear bearing (2107) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of each discharge pipe (2104), and the interior of each linear bearing (2107) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the connecting rod (2106).

4. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the drive motors (2105) has a coupling (2113) fixedly mounted at its output end, and the inner wall of each coupling (2113) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the ball screw (2111).

5. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting plate (2110) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of each ball screw (2111).

6. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regeneration unit (22) includes a support base (2201), the upper surface of which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the tower body (11). An electric evaporator (2202) is fixedly installed inside the support base (2201). The electric evaporator (2202) is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe (2203), which is connected to the interior of the tower body (11). The steam output end of the electric evaporator (2202) is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe (2213), which is fixedly connected to a ring pipe (2212). The ring pipe (2212) is fixedly connected to four gas supply pipes (2210).

7. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the gas supply pipes (2210) passes through the support base (2201), and the output end of each gas supply pipe (2210) is fixedly connected to a feed pipe (2204). The interior of each feed pipe (2204) is fixedly connected to three return pipes (2216). Each return pipe (2216) passes through the tower body (11) and extends above the packing mesh (2101). The inner wall of each feed pipe (2204) is rotatably connected to a spiral perforated plate (2215). The top ends of two spiral perforated plates (2215) are fixedly installed with double groove pulleys (2208). The outer surfaces of the two double groove pulleys (2208) are connected to three synchronous belts (2209) for transmission.

8. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from diaminodiphenyl ether production according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner rings of the two synchronous belts (2209) are respectively connected to a first pulley (2207) and a second pulley (2206). A dual-axis motor (2205) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first pulley (2207). The bottom surface of the dual-axis motor (2205) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of one of the feeding pipes (2204). The output end of the dual-axis motor (2205) is fixedly connected to the top end of one of the spiral perforated plates (2215). The inner wall of the second pulley (2206) is fixedly connected to the top end of one of the spiral perforated plates (2215).

9. The adsorption purification tower for treating tail gas from the production of diaminodiphenyl ether according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (2203) is fixedly connected to a water valve (2214), and each of the gas supply pipes (2210) is fixedly connected to a gas valve (2211).

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