Shock insulation support for multistage earthquakes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building seismic resistance, particularly relates to a seismic isolation support for multistage earthquakes, and aims at achieving precise adaptation and efficient resistance to earthquakes of different earthquake magnitudes. The support is mainly composed of a bottom plate, a second shock insulation support, a middle partition plate, a first shock insulation support, a top plate and a matched control mechanism, bolt holes are formed in the four corners of the bottom plate and the four corners of the top plate, and the bottom plate and the top plate can be firmly connected with a building body through high-strength bolts. Columnar bodies and an annular connecting plate which are annularly arranged are arranged on the middle partition plate, a locking mechanism can be jointly formed by combining a plug pin in a groove in the top end of the middle partition plate, a top plate through hole and an electromagnet, and the bearing capacity and rigidity of the support are accurately adjusted and controlled in cooperation with a displacement sensor and a target point. In small and medium earthquake magnitudes, only the first shock insulation support plays a shock insulation role; when the earthquake magnitude is increased, the second shock insulation support works in a relay mode, and strong earthquake energy is dissipated. According to the design, earthquake magnitude adaptation can be achieved, earthquake resistance is achieved according to needs, the earthquake resistance safety of a building is effectively improved, and the problem that a traditional earthquake isolation support is difficult to adapt to multi-earthquake-magnitude scenes is solved.

Description

A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of seismic technology of buildings, and in particular relates to a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes. Background Technology

[0002] To cope with seismic forces, seismic isolation bearings are introduced at the base of building structures to extend the structure's natural period, keeping it away from the dominant period of the seismic motion, avoiding resonance, and effectively reducing seismic forces. Rubber seismic isolation bearings are the most commonly used type. They are composed of multiple layers of rubber sheets and thin steel plates, alternately laminated and then bonded together through a vulcanization process. The thin steel plate in the middle is added to constrain the lateral deformation of the rubber sheets and enhance the vertical load-bearing capacity of the bearing. Seismic isolation bearings typically have a certain energy dissipation capacity. For example, by setting a through hole in the middle of the rubber seismic isolation bearing and adding a lead core, a lead-core rubber seismic isolation bearing is formed. The shear deformation of the lead core dissipates seismic energy. This type of bearing is widely used in the civil engineering field, significantly reducing the damage of earthquakes to critical infrastructure, and is a widely recognized and accepted method for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the industry.

[0003] The basic structure of seismic isolation bearings indicates that their stiffness and bearing capacity are relatively fixed during shear deformation, typically not changing with earthquake magnitude, making them difficult to handle earthquakes of varying intensities. Furthermore, as earthquake magnitude increases, the energy dissipation demand of the structure also increases, but the energy dissipation capacity of existing bearings remains relatively fixed. How to achieve controllable stiffness and bearing capacity of seismic isolation bearings under different earthquake magnitudes, and how to match these magnitudes, based on the fundamental principles of seismic isolation bearings, is a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of seismic isolation bearings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, the purpose of this invention is to propose a seismic isolation bearing for multi-magnitude earthquakes, achieving precise adaptation and efficient resistance to earthquakes of different magnitudes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes, comprising a base plate, a second seismic isolation bearing fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate, a middle partition plate fixedly connected to the top of the second seismic isolation bearing, a first seismic isolation bearing fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle partition plate, and a top plate fixedly connected to the top of the first seismic isolation bearing.

[0006] The structure employs a tiered combination of a first seismic isolation bearing and a second seismic isolation bearing. The first seismic isolation bearing has lower stiffness and bearing capacity than the second seismic isolation bearing. The performance parameters of both can be flexibly set according to actual seismic requirements, forming a core framework for graded load-bearing and progressive seismic resistance. It can specifically resist earthquakes of different magnitudes. During small to medium magnitude earthquakes, only the first seismic isolation bearing operates, ensuring the normal functional use of the structure. During strong earthquakes, the second seismic isolation bearing takes over, significantly improving the seismic safety of the structure and achieving the goal of "multi-level adaptation and seismic resistance as needed".

[0007] A plurality of columnar bodies are fixedly connected around the first seismic isolation bearing located on the upper surface of the central partition. The plurality of columnar bodies are arranged in a ring and are fixedly connected to each other by a ring-shaped connecting plate. The top of the columnar bodies is lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing.

[0008] A ring of columnar structures surrounds the first seismic isolation bearing. The spacing between the columnar structures and the first seismic isolation bearing is set at the allowable lateral deformation value. The top height is designed to ensure that it does not interfere with the normal lateral deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing during small to medium magnitude earthquakes. A ring-shaped connecting plate connects the multiple columnar structures into a whole, improving the structural stiffness and stability. This design not only provides a deformation limit boundary for the first seismic isolation bearing, preventing excessive deformation and damage, but also enhances the cooperative stress-bearing capacity of the columnar structures through the ring-shaped connecting plate, ensuring the reliability of the locked structure during strong earthquakes, while not affecting the seismic isolation effect under small to medium magnitude earthquakes.

[0009] Each of the columnar bodies has a groove at its top, and a pin is slidably connected in the groove. When the pin is placed in the groove, its top is lower than the top of the columnar body. The top plate has multiple through holes corresponding to the pins. The cross-sectional size of the through holes is slightly larger than that of the pins. An electromagnet is installed on the upper part of each through hole. The electromagnet is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top plate. The top of the pin is chamfered.

[0010] The electromagnet is energized for the time it takes for the displacement sensor's deformation measurement value to reach the allowable lateral deformation value. During low to medium magnitude earthquakes, the pin is housed within the groove, not affecting the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing. As the magnitude increases and the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing reaches the preset value, the electromagnet is energized to generate an attractive field, attracting the pin to slide upwards and insert into the through-hole in the top plate, forming a rigid locking structure between the top plate and the columnar body. The locking response is rapid and the action is reliable, quickly limiting further deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing and ensuring a smooth transition between seismic states. The through-hole size design balances pin sliding and locking stability, and the initial pin position is concealed to avoid interfering with normal seismic isolation function.

[0011] Displacement sensors are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the central partition, and target points matching the displacement sensors are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate.

[0012] By setting the displacement sensor to correspond with the target point, the relative lateral displacement between the top plate and the middle partition is monitored in real time, and the deformation of the first seismic isolation support is accurately captured, providing a precise signal basis for the electromagnet triggering.

[0013] Bolt holes are provided at all four corners of the bottom plate and the top plate.

[0014] The four-corner bolt hole design allows the support to be firmly connected to the main building structure with high-strength bolts, ensuring that the support and structure form an integral load-bearing system to transfer seismic loads.

[0015] Another implementation of a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes includes a base plate. A first seismic isolation bearing is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate. A top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the first seismic isolation bearing. An annular seismic isolation bearing is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate around the first seismic isolation bearing. An annular fixing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the annular seismic isolation bearing, with the top of the annular fixing plate lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing. Multiple grooves are provided on the annular fixing plate and the annular seismic isolation bearing, with pins slidably connected in the grooves. When the pins are placed in the grooves, their tops are lower than the tops of the annular fixing plate. Multiple through holes corresponding to the pins are provided on the top plate. The cross-sectional dimensions of the through holes are slightly larger than the pins. An electromagnet is installed at the top of each through hole. The top of the pins is chamfered. Displacement sensors are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the base plate, and target points matching the displacement sensors are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate.

[0016] Working Principle: Under seismic load, the first seismic isolation bearing, with its low stiffness and bearing capacity, is the first to experience lateral displacement, with the lateral deformation concentrated in it. As the magnitude increases, when the lateral displacement reaches the preset allowable lateral deformation value, the electromagnet is energized and triggered, generating a strong gravitational field within the through-hole in the top plate. Simultaneously, the column makes contact with the side of the first seismic isolation bearing, restricting its further deformation. Under the action of horizontal reciprocating seismic load, the top plate returns to its initial position. At this point, the pin in the column moves upward under the force of gravity, partially entering the through-hole in the top plate, forming a locking structure between the top plate and the column. Due to the high stiffness of the column, the first seismic isolation bearing essentially stops undergoing lateral deformation at this point. The second seismic isolation bearing then enters its working state, beginning lateral deformation to resist stronger seismic forces and dissipate seismic energy.

[0017] By utilizing a stepped combination of different seismic isolation bearings, as well as performance state conversion mechanisms and control systems, different lateral deformation processes and performance states can be formed to specifically resist earthquakes of different magnitudes, thereby achieving the goal of coping with multi-magnitude earthquakes.

[0018] This invention offers the following advantages: it achieves "multi-level adaptation and on-demand earthquake resistance," precisely addressing earthquakes of different magnitudes. The bearing adopts a stepped combination structure of "first seismic isolation bearing + second seismic isolation bearing," and the stiffness and bearing capacity of both can be flexibly set according to actual earthquake resistance requirements. In the case of small to medium magnitude earthquakes, only the first seismic isolation bearing works alone, effectively buffering earthquake energy and ensuring the normal functioning of the building structure, avoiding the impact of excessive seismic design on structural performance. When a strong earthquake causes the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing to reach a preset value, the second seismic isolation bearing can take over, resisting strong earthquake loads with greater bearing capacity and stiffness, significantly improving the seismic safety of buildings in extreme earthquake scenarios, and filling the gap in the traditional single seismic isolation bearing's inability to adapt to multiple earthquake magnitude scenarios.

[0019] It possesses precise deformation monitoring and reliable state switching capabilities, preventing damage to the seismic isolation components due to excessive stress. Displacement sensors and target points are respectively installed on the middle diaphragm and the top plate, enabling real-time and precise capture of the relative lateral displacement between the top and middle diaphragms, thus accurately determining the deformation degree of the first seismic isolation bearing. When the deformation reaches the allowable value, the electromagnet above the through-hole in the top plate is energized in time to generate an attractive field, attracting the pin in the groove of the columnar body to slide upwards and insert into the through-hole, quickly forming a rigid locking structure between the top plate and the columnar body. This not only limits the continued deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing to prevent damage but also smoothly switches to the working state of the second seismic isolation bearing. The entire switching process is responsive and reliable, preventing bearing failure due to uncontrolled deformation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0021] Figure 2 shows a side view of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0022] Figures 3, 4, and 5 show the internal structure of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0023] Figure 6 is an exploded view of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0024] Figures 7, 8, and 9 show another implementation method of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0025] Figure 10 is an exploded view of another implementation method of the new type of seismic isolation bearing.

[0026] Legend: 1. Base plate; 2. Bolt hole; 3. Second seismic isolation bearing; 4. Middle partition plate; 5. Displacement sensor; 6. Annular connecting plate; 7. Column; 8. Groove; 9. Pin; 10. Top plate; 11. Through hole; 12. Electromagnet; 13. Target point; 14. First seismic isolation bearing; 15. Annular seismic isolation bearing; 16. Annular fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes includes a base plate 1. The base plate 1 is characterized in that: a second seismic isolation bearing 3 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate 1, a middle partition plate 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the second seismic isolation bearing 3, a first seismic isolation bearing 14 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle partition plate 4, and a top plate 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the first seismic isolation bearing 14.

[0029] During an earthquake, the first seismic isolation bearing 14, which has lower stiffness, takes the lead in bearing lateral deformation and buffers the earthquake energy through its own shear deformation. When the magnitude increases and the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing 14 reaches the preset value, the second seismic isolation bearing 3 takes over and resists the strong earthquake load with its higher stiffness and bearing capacity.

[0030] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, multiple columnar bodies 7 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the middle partition plate 4 around the first seismic isolation bearing 14. The multiple columnar bodies 7 are arranged in a ring and are fixedly connected to each other by a ring connecting plate 6. The top of the columnar bodies 7 is lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing 14.

[0031] The distance between the column 7 and the first seismic isolation bearing 14 is preset to the allowable lateral deformation value under small and medium magnitude earthquakes. Under small and medium magnitude earthquakes, it does not interfere with the normal shear deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing 14. Under strong earthquakes, when the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing 14 approaches the limit value, its side will contact the column 7, and the annular connecting plate 6 will transmit the force synchronously to avoid uneven force distribution on a single column.

[0032] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, each columnar body 7 has a groove 8 at its top, and a pin 9 is slidably connected in the groove 8. When the pin 9 is placed in the groove 8, its top is lower than the top of the columnar body 7. The top plate 10 has multiple through holes 11 corresponding to the pins 9. The cross-sectional size of the through holes 11 is slightly larger than that of the pins 9. An electromagnet 12 is installed on the upper part of each through hole 11. The top of the pin 9 is chamfered.

[0033] During minor and medium magnitude earthquakes, the pin 9 is housed in the groove 8 and does not interfere with the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing 14. When a strong earthquake causes the deformation of the first seismic isolation bearing 14 to reach a preset value, the electromagnet 12 receives a trigger signal and is energized to generate a strong gravitational field, which attracts the pin 9 to slide upward along the groove 8 and insert into the through hole 11 of the top plate 10, forming a rigid locking structure between the top plate 10 and the columnar body 7, thus restricting the first seismic isolation bearing 14 from continuing to deform.

[0034] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, displacement sensors 5 are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the middle partition 4, and target points 13 matching the displacement sensors 5 are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate 10.

[0035] When an earthquake occurs, the relative lateral displacement between the top plate 10 and the middle partition plate 4 is captured in real time by the positional changes of the target point 13 and the displacement sensor 5. The sensor converts the deformation data into electrical signals to accurately determine the degree of deformation of the first seismic isolation support 14. When the deformation reaches the preset threshold, it immediately sends an energizing trigger signal to the electromagnet 12.

[0036] As shown in Figure 1, bolt holes 2 are provided at the four corners of the base plate 1 and the top plate 10, allowing the supports to be securely connected to the building foundation and the upper main structure respectively using high-strength bolts. The electromagnet 12 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top plate 10.

[0037] As shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, another implementation of a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes includes a base plate 1. A first seismic isolation bearing 14 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate 1. A top plate 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the first seismic isolation bearing 14. An annular seismic isolation bearing 15 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate 1 around the first seismic isolation bearing 14. An annular fixing plate 16 is fixedly connected to the top of the annular seismic isolation bearing 15. The top of the annular fixing plate 16 is lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing 14. Multiple grooves 8 are provided on the annular fixing plate 16 and the annular seismic isolation bearing 15. A pin 9 is slidably connected in the groove 8. When the pin 9 is placed in the groove 8, its top is lower than the top of the annular fixing plate 16. Multiple through holes 11 corresponding to the pins 9 are provided on the top plate 10. The cross-sectional dimension of the through holes 11 is slightly larger than that of the pins 9. An electromagnet 12 is installed on the upper part of each through hole 11. The top of the pin 9 is chamfered. Displacement sensors 5 are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the base plate 1, and target points 13 matching the displacement sensors 5 are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate 10.

[0038] In summary, this invention has the following advantages: The novel seismic isolation bearing proposed in this invention can dissipate energy through deformation under small to medium earthquakes, helping to achieve the target performance state of "no damage in small earthquakes and repairable under moderate earthquakes." Due to the special combination of seismic isolation bearings, the novel seismic isolation bearing can also exert a strong energy dissipation capacity under large earthquakes. In addition, this invention achieves automatic recovery of the lateral deformation of the seismic isolation bearing without the need for a self-resetting structure.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: The upper surface of the base plate (1) is fixedly connected to a second seismic isolation support (3), the top of the second seismic isolation support (3) is fixedly connected to a middle partition plate (4), the upper surface of the middle partition plate (4) is fixedly connected to a first seismic isolation support (14), and the top of the first seismic isolation support (14) is fixedly connected to a top plate (10).

2. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of columnar bodies (7) are fixedly connected around the first seismic isolation bearing (14) located on the upper surface of the middle partition (4). The plurality of columnar bodies (7) are arranged in a ring and are fixedly connected to each other by a ring connecting plate (6). The top of the columnar body (7) is lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing (14).

3. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the columnar bodies (7) has a groove (8) at its top end, and a pin (9) is slidably connected in the groove (8). When the pin (9) is placed in the groove (8), its top end is lower than the top end of the columnar body (7). The top plate (10) has multiple through holes (11) corresponding to the pins (9). The cross-sectional size of the through holes (11) is slightly larger than that of the pins (9). An electromagnet (12) is installed on the upper part of each through hole (11).

4. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Displacement sensors (5) are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the middle partition (4), and target points (13) matching the displacement sensors (5) are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate (10).

5. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bolt holes (2) are provided at the four corners of the bottom plate (1) and the top plate (10).

6. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electromagnet (12) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top plate (10).

7. A seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the pin (9) is chamfered.

8. Another implementation of a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: A first seismic isolation bearing (14) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate (1). A top plate (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the first seismic isolation bearing (14). An annular seismic isolation bearing (15) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate (1) around the first seismic isolation bearing (14). An annular fixing plate (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the annular seismic isolation bearing (15). The top of the annular fixing plate (16) is lower than the top of the first seismic isolation bearing (14). The annular fixing plate (16) and the annular... The seismic isolation bearing (15) has multiple grooves (8) corresponding to the positions. A pin (9) is slidably connected in the groove (8). When the pin (9) is placed in the groove (8), its top end is lower than the top end of the annular fixing plate (16). The top plate (10) has multiple through holes (11) corresponding to the pin (9). The cross-sectional size of the through hole (11) is slightly larger than that of the pin (9). An electromagnet (12) is installed on the upper part of each through hole (11). The top of the pin (9) is chamfered.

9. Another implementation of a seismic isolation bearing for multi-level earthquakes according to claim 8, characterized in that: Displacement sensors (5) are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the upper surface of the base plate (1), and target points (13) matching the displacement sensors (5) are installed at the midpoints of the four sides of the lower surface of the top plate (10).

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