Pressure balancing devices for containers, containers with pressure balancing devices, and vehicles with containers.

Abstract

This invention relates to a pressure balancing device for a container, preferably for a vehicle battery housing, comprising a housing having at least one inlet for gas, and at least one partially permeable valve element located downstream of the inlet in the direction of gas flow from the container. The valve element is located in a first position before at least one outlet and in a second position at least partially after the outlet. To improve pressure balancing, at least one sealing element is located in the region between the inlet and the valve element, the sealing element having at least one through-opening for gas. Gas can flow through the through-opening from either the inside or outside of the container. The permeable valve element, located downstream of the sealing element in the flow direction when viewed from inside the container, allows gas to flow in both directions. The invention also relates to a container and a vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a pressure balancing device for a container according to the preamble of claim 1, a container having such a pressure balancing device according to claim 17, and a vehicle having such a container according to claim 18. Background Technology

[0002] The battery of the electric vehicle is housed in a container. A pressure balancing device is provided to achieve pressure balance between the ambient pressure and the internal pressure of the container. Gas can flow from the interior of the container to the exterior or from the exterior into the container through an inlet and an outlet. A valve element is located in the region between the inlet and outlet and is configured to be at least partially permeable. Therefore, gas can flow through the valve element. If excessive pressure occurs in the container (e.g., due to a malfunction), the valve element shifts from a first position to a second position. In this second position, gas can flow directly from the interior of the container through the inlet, bypassing the valve element, and out through the outlet opening. This allows for rapid elimination of high pressure inside the container. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to construct such pressure balancing devices, containers and vehicles in a way that improves pressure balance.

[0004] This task is solved according to the invention in such pressure balancing devices using the features of the feature portion of claim 1, in containers using the features of claim 17, and in vehicles using the features of claim 18.

[0005] In the pressure balancing device according to the invention, in addition to the ventilated valve element, a sealing element is provided, which is located in the region between the inlet and the valve element and has at least one through-hole for gas. Gas can flow out not only from the inside of the container but also into the outside through the through-hole. The ventilated valve element, located after the sealing element in the flow direction when viewed from inside the container, allows gas to pass through in both flow directions.

[0006] Advantageously, the sealing element is constructed as a semi-permeable membrane. The semi-permeable membrane occupies very little installation space, allowing the pressure equalization device to be constructed very flat.

[0007] The sealing element is advantageously constructed to be elastically deformable. This elasticity can be used to influence the amount of gas that can flow through it.

[0008] A particular advantage is that the through-opening closes in the installation position through the elastic deformation of the sealing element. The through-opening only opens when a corresponding gas pressure is present at the sealing element.

[0009] In a favorable configuration, the opening size of the through-hole can be varied according to the pressure of the gas flowing through it. The higher the pressure, the larger the through-hole expands, allowing a corresponding amount of gas to flow through it.

[0010] Due to the elasticity of the sealing element, the perforation opening can become smaller again when the pressure of the gas to be processed decreases.

[0011] Preferably, the closure element is part of a retainer arranged within the housing. The retainer allows for easy installation and secure positioning of the closure element within the housing.

[0012] In an advantageous configuration, the retainer includes a sleeve that surrounds and connects to the closure element, preferably integrally formed therewith. Inside the sleeve, the closure element is protectively housed. Because the closure element is connected to and preferably integrally formed with the sleeve, the closure element can be assembled together with the retainer in a single assembly.

[0013] To achieve simple elastic deformation of the sleeve, the sleeve advantageously has at least one protrusion on its outer side, which, in the installed position, abuts against the inner wall of the housing due to the elastic deformation of the sleeve. With the aid of the protrusion, the required elastic deformation of the sleeve can be achieved in a simple manner when assembling the pressure balancing device. Due to the elastic deformation of the sleeve, a closing force acts on the through-opening in the sealing element, ensuring that the through-opening is initially closed and only opens when a corresponding gas pressure is present. The protrusion on the sleeve is positioned such that the elastic deformation of the sleeve due to the protrusion acts directionally on the through-opening in the installed position.

[0014] A particularly simple and effective construction involves a sleeve having two diametrically opposed protrusions or surrounding flanges. This allows directional forces to be applied to the through opening within the closed element.

[0015] In order to quickly reduce the pressure when the pressure inside the container is too high, the housing, together with the valve elements, can move against a predetermined force.

[0016] A structurally simple configuration involves an inlet located within a closure that seals the housing at its end away from the valve element. Therefore, the closure serves not only to seal the housing but also to allow gas to pass through.

[0017] Advantageously, the closure gains additional functionality by having one end of at least one pressure spring supported on the closure and the other end of the pressure spring supported on a support fixed to the container. Using the pressure spring, the pressure for axial displacement of the venting valve element is set such that gas cannot pass through the valve element first, but immediately escapes from the pressure balancing device through the outlet. Therefore, no additional components are needed to support the pressure spring.

[0018] In a simplified implementation, the closure element is surrounded by a frame, which is axially positioned, and particularly tensioned, between the fastening portion and the retaining element for the valve element. The frame facilitates easy assembly of the closure element. The frame ensures that the clamping force is high enough not to damage the closure element.

[0019] In another advantageous embodiment, the sealing element is fixedly connected to the retaining element, particularly by injection molding, bonding, or welding. Thus, when the valve element must be moved, for example in the event of an explosion, the sealing element is also taken away simultaneously.

[0020] Further simplification and efficient venting can also be advantageously achieved as follows: the sealing element is part of the retainer, which is fitted onto the retainer under elastic deformation (radial expansion) or inserted into the retainer under elastic deformation (radial compression). The retainer is designed such that, due to elastic deformation, a closing force acts on the through-opening, causing the through-opening to be initially closed and only open in the presence of a corresponding gas pressure.

[0021] The container according to the invention is characterized in that it is provided with a pressure balancing device according to the invention.

[0022] The vehicle according to the invention is characterized in that it is provided with at least one container according to the invention.

[0023] The subject matter of this application arises not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from all the information and features disclosed in the drawings and specification. Even if such information and features are not the subject matter of the claims, they are claimed to be of substantial importance to the invention as long as they are novel individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

[0024] Further features of the invention arise from the additional claims, description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The invention will be described in more detail with the aid of some embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 The pressure balancing device according to the invention is shown in an axial sectional view.

[0027] Figure 2Shown in enlarged view Figure 1 Part of

[0028] Figure 3 A second embodiment of the pressure balancing device according to the invention is shown in an axial sectional view.

[0029] Figure 4 Shown in enlarged view Figure 1 Part of

[0030] Figure 5 Show along Figure 4 The view showing the direction of the arrow V in the image.

[0031] Figure 6 Another embodiment of the pressure balancing device according to the invention is shown in an axial sectional view.

[0032] Figure 7 Shown in enlarged view and in axial view according to Figure 6 The membrane retainer of the pressure balancing device,

[0033] Figure 8 Show along Figure 7 The sectional view of line VIII-VIII in the middle.

[0034] Figure 9 Show along Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of line IX-IX in the middle.

[0035] Figures 10 to 15 Further embodiments of the pressure balancing device according to the invention are shown in axial sectional views.

[0036] Figure 16 Shown in enlarged view and in axial view according to Figure 15 The membrane retainer of the pressure balancing device,

[0037] Figure 17 Show along Figure 16 A sectional view of line XVII-XVII in the middle.

[0038] Figure 18 Show along Figure 16 A sectional view of line XVIII-XVIII in the middle.

[0039] Figures 19 to 21 Further embodiments of the pressure balancing device according to the invention are shown in axial sectional views. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The pressure balancing device described below is used to inflate and vent the internal space of a housing (such as the housing of a battery in an electric vehicle). Battery modules are placed within the housing in a known manner. Each battery module consists of multiple battery cells.

[0041] Advantageously, the housing, made of metal, has at least one mounting opening for a pressure balancing device. The pressure balancing device is securely positioned in the mounting opening and ensures pressure balance between the internal and external pressures of the housing. The pressure balancing device ensures that the housing does not significantly deform due to fluctuations in external air pressure or temperature.

[0042] The casing contains additional components besides the battery module. These components are known to the battery itself and include, for example, components for managing the battery module.

[0043] The housing can have any suitable construction. Depending on the size of the housing, two or more pressure balancing devices may also be installed.

[0044] The mounting openings and pressure balancing devices of the housing can be located on any suitable side of the housing.

[0045] When increased pressure should occur within the housing, for example due to a short circuit, the pressure equalization device is configured to achieve pressure equalization and also ensure emergency venting of the housing. This might be the case, for example, when one or more battery cells or modules catch fire. The pressure equalization device then ensures that the internal space of the housing can be suddenly connected to the environment, thereby abruptly reducing the pressure within the housing.

[0046] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pressure relief device has a flat support member 1 that, in the installed position, is sealed against the outer side of a housing (not shown). The support member 1 may have any profile and has through openings 2 for fixing elements (e.g., screws) to secure the support member 1 to the outer side of the housing. The through openings 2 are distributed in the support member 1.

[0047] The support member 1 has an annular groove 4 on its lower side 3 for receiving the sealing element 5. Advantageously, the sealing element 5 is a sealing ring that can be easily inserted into the annular groove 4, and which seals the support member 1 relative to the housing in the installed position.

[0048] The support member 1 is provided with a through opening 6, which is preferably centrally located in the support member 1 and through which the receiving portion 7 of the valve housing 8 extends. Advantageously, the receiving portion 7 is constructed in a cylindrical shape and its outer side rests against the inner wall 9 of the through opening 6.

[0049] In the receiving section 7 Figure 1A closure element 10 is inserted into the clearly visible lower end of the closure element, which is fixedly connected to the receiving portion 7 and has at least one through opening 11. If there is only one through opening 11, the through opening is advantageously located at the center 10 of the closure element.

[0050] The closing element 10 has an annular flange 12 that protrudes radially outward beyond the receiving portion 7, and the lower end of the receiving portion 7 rests against the annular flange.

[0051] The closure element 10 extends into the receiving portion 7 in a sealing manner with the closure portion 13 and abuts against the inner side of the receiving portion 7 with its outer side. The closure portion 13 is preferably secured in the receiving portion 7 by a detachable connection, such as a snap-fit ​​connection or by screwing.

[0052] The end of the receiving portion 7 away from the closing element 10 transitions to the support flange 14, which is placed on the upper side 16 of the support member 1 with at least one sealing element 15 stacked in between. Advantageously, the sealing element 15 is configured as annular and has a sealing lip 17, which is placed on the upper side 16 of the support member 1 under elastic deformation.

[0053] A sealing element 15 is disposed on the outer edge of a support flange 14, which has an edge-side recess 18 to receive the sealing element 15, into which the sealing element 15 extends. A surrounding recess 18 is disposed on the side of the support flange 14 opposite to the support member 1.

[0054] The support flange 14 protrudes radially outward from the receiving portion 19, which has a recess 20 on the end face side. The recess 20 is defined by an annular edge 21, which radially outwards defines the recess 20.

[0055] The support flange 14, the receiving portion 19 and the edge 21 are advantageously constructed integrally with each other.

[0056] A cover 22 is attached to the receiving portion 19, which is advantageously integrally constructed. The cover 22 has a flat covering portion 23, on the edge of which a sleeve 24, preferably constructed in a cylindrical shape, is attached.

[0057] Sleeve 24 connects the cover portion 23 to a radially outwardly extending annular flange 25, the outer edge 26 of which extends bent toward the support 1. The annular flange 25 overlaps the sealing element 15, and the edge 26 surrounds the engaging sealing element 15, thus achieving positional fixation of the sealing element 15 without problems. The edge 26 rests against the radially outer side of the sealing element 15. The use of the bent edge 26 and the annular flange 25 improves the mechanical stability of the entire connection and minimizes the risk of damage due to load or vibration. Furthermore, this arrangement compensates for possible manufacturing tolerances, as the annular flange 25 and the edge 26 securely and tightly hold the sealing element 15 even with small deviations.

[0058] The sleeve 24 of the cover 22 rests against the outer side of the annular receiving portion 19. This allows the cover 22 to be easily fitted onto the receiving portion 19.

[0059] The covering portion 23 is axially spaced from the receiving portion 19 or its edge 21.

[0060] The cover 22 can be securely connected to the receiving portion 19 in any suitable manner. Thus, the two portions can be connected to each other, for example, by force-locking and / or form-locking. The cover 22 can be connected to the receiving portion 19, for example, by locking lugs. These locking lugs engage with each other and ensure the form-locking is secure.

[0061] The sleeve 24 has outlet openings 27 arranged side by side at a distance from each other, through which gas can also escape from the housing to be sealed into the environment in a manner to be described.

[0062] A membrane retainer 28 is provided in the receiving portion 19. The membrane retainer has a sleeve portion 29 that extends into the sleeve-shaped receiving portion 7 of the valve housing 8 and abuts against the inner wall of the receiving portion.

[0063] The sleeve portion 29 protrudes from the support portion 30, which is constructed as an annular flange, and is located inside the recess 20 of the receiving portion 19 of the valve body 8.

[0064] At the transition between the receiving portion 7 and the support flange 14, the support flange 14 is provided with an annular recess 31, and the support portion 30 rests against the bottom 32 of the recess 31 with an annular flange portion 33. This flange portion connects the sleeve portion 29 to the flange-shaped support portion 30 of the membrane retainer 28. The support portion 30 and the flange portion 33 are advantageously parallel to each other and located at different axial heights of the membrane retainer 28.

[0065] A membrane 34 is disposed on the support portion 30, preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), such as PTFE standard foil, expanded PTFE (ePTFE), or PTFE composite material. The membrane 34 is placed on the support portion 30 with its edge region and is fixed to the support portion by adhesive bonding, vulcanization, ultrasonic welding, or mechanical fixation (such as screw fixing or clamp fixing). Alternatively, the membrane can also be installed by sealing or vulcanization, in which the stamping and sealing of the membrane are carried out in an integrated process step.

[0066] The membrane 34 is spaced apart from the flange portion 33 and the covering portion 23 of the cover 22.

[0067] Advantageously, the membrane 34 is configured such that it does not protrude radially beyond the edge of the membrane holder 28, but is advantageously retracted radially. This readily and reliably prevents damage to the membrane 34 during use of the pressure balancing device.

[0068] exist Figure 1 In the initial position shown, the flat membrane holder 28 and the membrane 34 fixed thereon extend beyond the edge of the receiving portion 19 in the axial direction, which also helps to protect the membrane 34.

[0069] The outer diameter of the membrane retainer 28 is smaller than the inner diameter of the edge 21, so that the membrane retainer 28 can be easily moved axially relative to the edge 21 in dangerous situations.

[0070] In addition to the sleeve portion 29, there is also a cylindrical membrane retainer 35 inside the sleeve-shaped receiving portion 7, which has its outer wall attached to the inner wall of the receiving portion 7.

[0071] The membrane retainer 35 is inserted into the receiving part 7 such that the membrane retainer 35 rests with its two ends against the adjacent end faces of the sealing element 10 and the sleeve part 29.

[0072] The membrane retainer 35 is implemented in a cylindrical shape, which ensures uniform pressure distribution and stability within the device. Inside the membrane retainer 35 is an elastically deformable membrane 36, preferably made of rubber or a similar elastomeric material. This material is chosen based on its excellent elasticity.

[0073] The membrane 36 is designed in a W-shape in the axial sectional view, which enables optimized adaptation to pressure differentials. This molding allows the membrane 36 to deform in a controlled manner under pressure changes without losing its structural integrity or functionality. This enables precise and repeatable control of the gas flow within the device.

[0074] The membrane 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall 37 of the membrane retainer 35. This connection is preferably achieved by integral manufacturing, such as by injection molding or vulcanization, which ensures seamless integration. This integral implementation eliminates potential weaknesses, such as those that may occur in bonded or mechanically fixed components, and contributes to the long-term stability of the device.

[0075] The membrane 36 is positioned approximately half the length of the membrane retainer 35 and is therefore axially spaced from both the sealing element 10 and the sleeve portion 29.

[0076] The membrane 36 has a circular shape in an axial view and is provided with at least one through opening 38. In this embodiment, the membrane 36 ( Figure 2 It has a central through-opening 38 and smaller through-openings 38' located on two circles surrounding the axis 39 of the membrane retainer 35, the smaller through-openings being advantageously distributed circumferentially. In the installation position of the membrane retainer 35 ( Figure 1 The central through-hole 38 is positioned adjacent to the closing element 10, while the through-holes 38' on each circle have a large axial distance from the closing element 10.

[0077] In the unpressurized state, the perforation openings 38 and 38' remain closed. This is achieved through the elastic restoring force of the membrane 36, which automatically retracts to its initial position when no pressure is applied, thus keeping openings 38 and 38' closed. This characteristic ensures that uncontrolled gas exchange does not occur under pressureless conditions, thereby maintaining the device's seal. Only under corresponding pressure does the membrane 36 elastically deform, thereby opening the perforation openings 38 and 38' and enabling targeted gas exchange.

[0078] The through openings 38 and 38' are respectively provided at the transition between adjacent conical walls 40 of the membrane 36. Figure 2 ).

[0079] As from Figure 1 and Figure 5 It can be seen that a smaller through-hole 38' located on a circle can also be provided inside one of the conical walls.

[0080] Besides the slit-shaped implementation, the perforation openings 38' of the membrane 36 can also be designed in various alternative forms to selectively control the flow path and adapt to specific requirements, such as serrated slits. Circular openings are frequently used, as they allow for uniform gas flow and are easy to manufacture due to their geometric simplicity, for example, by needle punching. Needling the rubber with material penetration is a specialized method for creating the perforation openings 38 and 38' or defined perforations that can be selectively activated under predetermined pressure conditions. The needle punches of the perforation openings 38 and 38' can be extended using specially adapted tools to introduce slits into the membrane 36 in addition to perforations. This extension of the method requires modified tools that not only leave point-like penetrations (preferably without removing material) but also create targeted linear cuts and / or recesses. The geometry of the needles is selectively adapted for this purpose, with flat or shovel-shaped needles being preferred. These needles have flat or elongated edges instead of rounded tips that create slits rather than holes upon penetration. In particular, the cutting edge can be constructed with sharp edges or knife-like tips to allow for targeted penetration of the membrane 36.

[0081] The method of needle punching or slitting the membrane 36 can be further optimized by pre-tensioning the elastic material before processing. Pre-tensioning ensures that the through openings 38 and 38' are formed more precisely in the elastic material, which simulates the opening state under tension.

[0082] Prior to perforation or slit cutting, it is preferable to mechanically stretch an elastic material, particularly an elastomer, to subject it to controlled tensile stress. In this apparatus, this method is used to design the perforation openings 38 and 38' in the membrane 36.

[0083] A key advantage of the elastic membrane 36 is that the size of the through-hole 38' dynamically adapts to volumetric flow or pressure. Under increased pressure or volumetric flow, the membrane elastically expands, thereby increasing the size of the opening and enabling a higher flow rate. Conversely, when the pressure decreases, the size of the opening decreases, thus automatically limiting the flow rate. This characteristic ensures self-regulating control of the gas flow independent of external control mechanisms.

[0084] Non-uniformly distributed or asymmetrical openings or slits allow for flexible adaptation to specific flow requirements. The choice of shape and flexibility of the membrane 36 and the through-holes 38 or 38' allows for precise adaptation to the corresponding application areas, where volumetric flow and pressure can be specifically affected.

[0085] The valve housing 8 is subjected to the force of at least one pressure spring 41, which is supported at one end on the annular flange 12 of the sealing element 10 and at the other end on the bottom 42 of the annular groove 43 in the lower side 3 of the support member 1. The pressure spring 41 surrounds the sleeve-shaped receiving portion 7 of the valve housing 8.

[0086] By means of the pressure spring 41, the support flange 14 of the valve body 8 is pulled toward the upper side 16 of the support member 1, wherein the sealing element 15 elastically deforms and seals the support flange 14 relative to the support member 1.

[0087] The membrane retainer 35 has a cylindrical sleeve 44 ( Figure 2 The sleeve has a protrusion 45 on its outer side in two diametrically opposed regions. The two protrusions 45 extend only on a portion of the circumference of the sleeve 44. Figure 5 The protrusions 45 are located in a radial plane of the membrane retainer 35.

[0088] As from Figure 2 As can be seen, the protrusion 45 is rounded. This has the advantage that the diaphragm retainer 35 can be easily inserted into the receiving portion 7 of the valve housing 8 when assembling the pressure balancing device.

[0089] The protrusion 45 causes the sleeve 44 to be elastically compressed in the area of ​​the protrusion 45 when it is installed into the receiving part 7. This force acts on Figure 5 This is indicated by two arrows 46. This force loading results in a directional force being applied from the outside to the sleeve 44 and thus to the membrane 36. This directional force also affects the membrane 36.

[0090] The magnitude of the force generates a defined tension in the membrane 36, thereby allowing for precise setting of the opening tension of the perforation openings 38, 38' in conjunction with the basic elasticity of the membrane 36. Preferably, the force is designed such that the tension in the membrane 36 is initially set such that the perforation openings 38, 38' are completely closed.

[0091] The closing force acting on the through openings 38, 38' is so large that pressure balance can occur between the environment of the pressure balancing device and the interior of the housing. Gas flowing into the housing from the interior to the exterior or from the exterior (atmospheric side) can open the through openings 38, 38' by the resulting retention pressure, allowing for easy gas exchange between the atmosphere and the interior of the housing.

[0092] If the pressure inside the housing is greater than the ambient pressure, the gas flows through the perforation 11 of the sealing element 10 toward the environment onto the membrane 36. The gas pressure is so great that the closed perforation 38, 38' in the membrane 36 are opened, allowing the gas to flow through the membrane 36 toward the membrane 34.

[0093] The membrane 34 is implemented as semi-permeable, allowing gas to diffuse through it and enter the atmosphere through the outlet opening 27 in the cover 22. The membrane 34 is specifically designed for gas flow while reliably blocking particles, liquids, especially moisture, and other unwanted substances. This semi-permeable characteristic provides significant advantages, particularly in applications requiring safe and controlled pressure balance.

[0094] Gas flowing through the through-opening 11 of the closed element 10 impacts the conical wall 40 of the membrane 36. Since the through-openings 38, 38' are located in the transition region between adjacent conical walls, the gas is guided along these conical walls toward the through-openings 38, 38'.

[0095] If the pressure inside the housing is lower than the ambient pressure, gas can enter the pressure equalization device through the outlet opening 27 of the cover 22. Air flows through the permeable membrane 34, where moisture is blocked and therefore cannot enter the housing. Dry air then enters the sleeve portion 29 and from there into the membrane retainer 35. Through the conical wall 40 of the membrane 36, the air is guided to the central through-hole 38. This opening is opened by air pressure, allowing air to flow further toward the through-hole 11 of the sealing element 10 and ultimately into the housing.

[0096] In this way, continuous pressure balance can be achieved between the interior of the shell and the environment. If pressure balance is not required, the perforations 38, 38' of the membrane 36 are closed due to the aforementioned force loading.

[0097] If very high pressure occurs inside the housing (e.g., due to combustion of the battery cells within the housing), the high pressure acts on the sealing element 10. This causes the entire valve housing 8 and the diaphragm retainer 28 to move against the force of the pressure spring 41. As a result, the diaphragm 34 moves toward the covering portion 23 of the cover 22 to such an extent that the outlet opening 27 of the cover 22 is freely open. Gas then does not need to flow through the diaphragm 34 but can flow directly outward from the internal space of the sleeve portion 29 through the outlet opening 27. In this way, the high pressure inside the housing is reduced in the shortest possible time.

[0098] Once the pressure reduction is complete, the pressure spring 41, through the sealing element 10, presses the valve housing 8 and thus the diaphragm retainer 28 back to their original position. Figure 1 The initial position.

[0099] The pressure balancing device described is characterized by its small axial height. In the area above the support 1 placed on the outside of the housing, there is essentially only a cover 22 that covers the diaphragm 34. Because the diaphragm has only a small thickness, the short stroke of the valve housing 8 is sufficient to move the diaphragm 34 in the event of high pressure, so that the gas discharged from the inside of the housing does not have to flow through the diaphragm 34, but directly reaches the outlet opening 27.

[0100] exist Figure 1 In the diagram, the flow of gas is represented by the corresponding flow arrow.

[0101] according to Figure 3 Pressure balancing device and according to Figure 1 , 2 The difference between embodiments 4 and 5 lies only in the design of the support member 1. In the previous embodiments, the support member 1 extends beyond the cover 22 in the radial direction, while according to... Figure 3 In this embodiment, the support 1 has a circumference approximately the same as that of the cover 22. Thus, the pressure balancing device is constructed more compactly than in previous embodiments.

[0102] As in the previous embodiments, the membrane 34 is arranged in the initial position such that gas from the housing reaches the outlet opening 27 of the cover 22 only after passing through the membrane 34. Only in a dangerous situation, when the valve housing 8 moves against the force of the pressure spring 41, does the membrane 34 move toward the covering portion 23 of the cover 22 to such an extent that gas can flow directly outward from the inside of the housing through the outlet opening 27.

[0103] In both described embodiments, the through openings 38, 38' can be easily installed in the elastic membrane 36. The through openings 38, 38' remain closed by pressure exerted on the membrane 36 by the protrusions 45. Once a predetermined pressure is applied to the membrane 36 from within the housing, the membrane 36 is elastically stretched, thereby enlarging the through openings 38, 38', allowing gas to flow toward the membrane 34 in the manner described. The higher the pressure of the gas to be treated, the stronger the elastic stretch of the membrane 36, resulting in a corresponding increase in the cross-sectional area of ​​the through openings 38, 38'.

[0104] Once the pressure decreases, membrane 36 contracts again, closing the perforation openings 38 and 38'.

[0105] according to Figures 6 to 9 The embodiments are basically corresponding to those based on Figure 1 The embodiment is shown. The only difference is that the elastic membrane 36 is constructed to be flat.

[0106] In this embodiment, the membrane 36 extends in a radial plane of the sleeve 44 of the membrane retainer 35.

[0107] The sleeve 44 has protrusions 45 on two diametrically opposed regions on its outer side. These protrusions cause the sleeve 44 to elastically deform or compress when installed into the valve housing 8 in the manner described. The protrusions 45 are advantageously constructed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment. Through the elastic deformation of the sleeve 44, a targeted force or tension is applied to the through opening 38 of the diaphragm 36.

[0108] like Figure 8 As shown in the example, membrane 36 has only a single central through-hole 38.

[0109] Instead of a single central through-hole 38, membrane 36 may also include additional through-holes of different diameters, depending on previous embodiments. These through-holes may be distributed across the surface of membrane 36, but may also be arranged, for example, in a circular pattern. Figure 5 An example of the previous implementation is shown.

[0110] The elastic membrane 36 can have a predefined arching according to flow requirements.

[0111] like Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the protrusions on the outer side of the sleeve 44 are positioned diametrically opposite each other. Thus, the force acting on the membrane 36 and therefore on the through opening 38 is directionally introduced. However, it is also possible that the protrusion 45 extends along the circumference of the sleeve 44, such that when the membrane retainer 35 is installed, the force is not directionally applied to the membrane 36, but rather acts along its entire circumference.

[0112] The membrane 36 functions in the same way as in the previous embodiment, so that the implementation method there can be referred to.

[0113] According to Figure 10 In this embodiment, the sleeve 44 of the membrane retainer 35 has no protrusion on its outer side. Unlike the previous embodiment, the membrane 36 is not integrally constructed with the sleeve 44, but is a separate component that is axially clamped between the sleeve 44 and the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28.

[0114] A membrane 36, having at least one through opening 38, is surrounded by a thickened frame 47, which is advantageously integrally constructed with the frame. The sleeve 44 and the tube portion 29 of the membrane retainer 35 abut against the thickened frame 47 and are axially and securely clamped between them. The membrane 36, viewed in the axial direction, is located within the interior space of the sleeve 44 and at the height of the tube portion 29, allowing the membrane 36 to elastically deform under corresponding pressure loads.

[0115] The axial force applied to the frame 47 of the membrane 36 by the sleeve 44 of the membrane retainer 35 is generated by at least one pressure spring 48, by which the sleeve 44 of the membrane retainer 35 is axially pressed against the frame 47 of the membrane 36. The pressure spring 48 is supported at one end on the closure element 10, which advantageously has a recess 49 on the end face side into which the pressure spring 48 engages.

[0116] The sleeve 44 of the membrane retainer 35 has a radially inwardly extending annular shoulder 50 on its inner side, and the other end of the pressure spring 48 is supported on the annular shoulder. Since this end of the pressure spring extends into the sleeve 44, the pressure spring can be easily radially aligned through the sleeve.

[0117] To reliably support the pressure spring 48, the pressure spring extends into the sleeve 44 for most of its length.

[0118] The diaphragm retainer 35 and the frame 47 are arranged in the valve housing 8 such that an annular space 44a is formed between them and the receiving portion 7 of the valve housing 8. When the pressure inside the housing is high, the valve housing 8 moves together with the diaphragm retainer 28 and the diaphragm 34 against the force of the pressure spring 41.

[0119] The sleeve portion 29 is lifted away from the sleeve 44 and frame 47. Gas inside the housing can thus flow around the membrane 36 in the annular space 44a to reach the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28. From here, the gas can then flow directly into the environment through the outlet opening 27 without passing through the membrane 34 (see...). Figure 10 (See the flow arrow in the image). In this way, excessive pressure inside the casing can be quickly reduced.

[0120] The pressure balancing device operates in the same manner as the previous embodiment. Gas can flow from the inside of the housing through the through-opening 11 of the sealing element 10, through the through-opening 38, to the membrane 34 (flow arrow). After passing through the membrane 34, the gas enters the atmosphere through the outlet opening 27. Conversely, if the atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure inside the housing, the gas flows into or diffuses into the housing through the outlet opening 27, membrane 34, membrane 36, and through-opening 11. This flow path also... Figure 10 The flow arrows are shown in the middle.

[0121] In order for the sleeve 44 to apply axial force to the frame 47, the diaphragm retainer 35 is loosely disposed in the valve housing 8, so that the sleeve 44 can be pressed against the frame 47 under the force of the pressure spring 48.

[0122] The pressure spring 48 is advantageously a helical pressure spring, through which gas can flow unimpeded from the inside of the housing into the atmosphere and from the atmosphere into the inside of the housing. As in the previous embodiment, the membrane 36 is advantageously made of rubber. The through opening 38 changes its cross-section according to the pressure of the gas being processed due to the elastic deformability of the membrane 36.

[0123] according to Figure 11 The only difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment is that the membrane 35 has a predefined arch. The degree of arch depends on the required gas flow rate through the membrane 35.

[0124] According to Figure 10 and Figure 11 In this embodiment, no directional force is applied to the through opening 38 in the membrane 36. This is because the frame 47 is loosely inserted into the valve housing 8 together with the membrane 36 and the frame 47 is axially clamped by the sleeve 44.

[0125] This also applies to according to Figure 12 In one embodiment, the elastic membrane 36 is constructed together with the frame 47 as an insert. The membrane 36, together with the frame 47, is placed on the end face side of the closure element 10 and is axially pressed against the closure element 10 by a pressure element 51. The pressure element 51 is constructed as a sleeve, which is under the force of a pressure spring 48. The pressure spring 48 is housed inside the pressure element 51 and is supported at one end on an annular shoulder 52 on the inner wall of the pressure element 51, and at the other end on a stop 53, which protrudes radially inward from the flange portion 33 of the membrane holder 28. The stop 53 is advantageously constructed as an annular flange, such that the pressure spring 48 is axially supported at this end via its circumference. The pressure element 51 is axially movable within the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane holder 28. The sleeve portion 29 is axially spaced from the closure element 10. A sleeve-shaped pressure element 51 extends into a sleeve portion 29 over most of its length, and the pressure element 51 is axially guided on the inner wall of the sleeve portion.

[0126] The membrane 36 is again configured such that it is located in the region of the internal space of the pressure element 51 when viewed in the axial direction. Thus, the membrane 36 can elastically deform without any problems under the corresponding pressure load.

[0127] The pressure spring 48, pressure element 51, and frame 47 with diaphragm 36 are inserts that can be easily inserted into the sleeve portion 29 of diaphragm retainer 28 or into valve housing 8 during assembly of the pressure balancing device. Subsequently, sealing element 10 is screwed into the free end of valve housing 8 in the manner described, thus pressing frame 47 against the end face of pressure element 51. In this embodiment, no directional force is applied to the through opening 38. Diaphragm 36 can extend flat as shown, but can also have the following characteristics as described... Figure 11 The implementation form is a predefined arch.

[0128] The flow path of gas from the inside of the casing to the outside, or from the outside to the inside of the casing, proceeds in the manner described and is carried out by... Figure 12 The flow arrows are shown in the diagram. In all other respects, the pressure balancing device is constructed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

[0129] According to Figure 13 In this embodiment, the elastic membrane 36 is fixed, for example, bonded, sealed, or vulcanized, to the end face side of the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28. The membrane 36 is axially spaced from the sealing element 10, which is fixed, preferably screwed into, the free end of the valve housing 8. In the remainder, the pressure balancing device is constructed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

[0130] In the embodiment shown, membrane 36 is designed to be flat, but it can also have a predefined arch depending on the flow requirements. The flow through the pressure balancing device is again indicated by the flow arrows.

[0131] A sleeve 54 is attached to the edge of the membrane 36, and the membrane is fixed to the outside of the sleeve portion 29 by the sleeve. The sleeve portion 29 is provided with a surrounding recess 55 for receiving the sleeve 54. The recess 55 is open toward the end face of the sleeve portion 29 and the sleeve 54 of the membrane 36 can be securely fixed in the recess 55.

[0132] The membrane 36 is provided with at least one through-opening in the manner described, through which gas can flow from the inside of the housing to the outside or from the outside to the inside of the housing.

[0133] Sleeve 54 and membrane 36 are configured such that no directional force acts on the perforation opening. The opening size of the perforation opening changes with the pressure of the gas impacting membrane 36. As already described, the perforation opening is always closed in the unpressurized state. This is achieved by the elastic restoring force of membrane 36, which automatically retracts to its initial position in the absence of pressure and always keeps the perforation opening closed.

[0134] According to Figure 14In the implementation, membrane 36 is provided with a pre-defined arch oriented according to the corresponding flow requirements.

[0135] Unlike previous embodiments, sleeve 54 has thickened portions 56 that are diametrically opposed to each other at the height of the edge of membrane 36. Figure 16 When installed in the valve housing 8, it ensures that externally applied forces are directed onto the diaphragm 36. This causes the perforation openings in the diaphragm 36 to open more or less depending on the magnitude of the gas pressure, and to advantageously close if no pressure is present.

[0136] Corresponding to the previous embodiment, the sleeve 54 and the membrane 36 are integrally made of an elastic material, preferably rubber.

[0137] The sleeve 54 has a surrounding sealing flange 57 axially spaced from the thickened portion 56 on its outer side, which seals against the inner wall of the valve body 8 in the installation position.

[0138] according to Figures 15 to 18 The implementation is constructed in essentially the same manner as the previous embodiments. The difference lies in the design of the sleeve 54 of the membrane 36. The membrane 36 has at least one through-hole 38 and a predefined arch designed according to the flow requirements.

[0139] The sleeve 54 is connected to the membrane 36 via a thickened cylindrical edge 58, which rests against the free end of the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28 with an annular shoulder 59. The thickened edge 58 is configured such that its cylindrical inner side 60 is flush with the cylindrical inner side 61 of the sleeve portion 29. In this way, a continuous cylindrical flow channel for gas is formed, the walls of which are free of steps or the like.

[0140] A thin-walled retaining portion 62 is attached to the thickened edge 58, and this retaining portion 62 has a surrounding sealing flange 57. The sleeve 54 and the diaphragm 36 are appropriately secured in the outer recess 54 of the diaphragm retainer 28 via the thin-walled retaining portion 62. The sealing flange 57 seals against the valve body 8.

[0141] Sleeve 54 and membrane 36 are advantageously constructed as an integral unit.

[0142] The thin-walled fixed portion 62 and the thickened edge 58 are configured such that they both have a common cylindrical outer side.

[0143] The gas flow path is Figure 14 The flow arrows are shown in the diagram. This pressure balancing device operates in the same manner as in the previous embodiment. The effect described in the previous embodiment is produced by applying a directional force to the through opening 38 in the manner described, through the thickened portions 56 that are opposite each other in diameter.

[0144] According to Figure 19 In the pressure balancing device, an elastic membrane 36 is positioned axially adjacent to a permeable membrane 34. The elastic membrane 36 is located on the flange portion 33 of the membrane retainer 28 and extends to an edge 63 that connects the flange portion 33 to the support portion 30 of the membrane retainer 28. The membrane 36 has the same shape and at least one through opening 38. The membrane 36 is secured to the flange portion 33 in a suitable manner, such as by bonding, sealing, welding, or vulcanizing its edge region.

[0145] No directional force is applied to at least one through opening 38 because the membrane 36 is fixed to the flange portion 33 without lateral load.

[0146] The sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28 is axially spaced from the sealing element 10.

[0147] In the illustrated embodiment, membrane 36 is constructed to be flat. However, the membrane may also be provided with a predetermined arching according to flow requirements.

[0148] In other respects, this implementation method is consistent with... Figure 13 The embodiments are constructed in the same manner.

[0149] According to Figure 20 In the pressure balancing device, an elastic membrane 36 is part of a retainer 64 that snaps onto the sleeve portion 29 of the membrane retainer 28. The sleeve portion 29 has a surrounding thickened portion 65 on its outer side, which engages in an equivalent annular groove 66 on the inner side of the sleeve 67 of the retainer 64 in the illustrated mounting position. In the assembled position, the sleeve 67 elastically expands such that it abuts against the surrounding thickened portion 65 of the sleeve portion 29 under radial force. The sleeve 67 is thickened to absorb these forces.

[0150] The membrane 36 forms the bottom of the retainer 64 at the end opposite to the membrane 34. The region between the membrane 36 and the annular groove 66 has a smaller wall thickness than the region of the sleeve 67 adjacent to the membrane 34. This ensures that the membrane 36 can easily elastically deform under the corresponding pressure load.

[0151] The sleeve 67 has a surrounding sealing protrusion 57 near its free end, which allows the sleeve to seal tightly against the inner wall of the valve body 8. The adjacent thin-walled regions of the diaphragm 36 and the sleeve 67 are radially spaced from the inner wall of the valve body 8. Furthermore, the diaphragm 36 is axially spaced from the sealing element 10.

[0152] In other respects, the pressure balancing device is based on... Figure 3 The implementation form is constructed in the same way.

[0153] Because the sleeve 67 is elastically stretched in the installation position, a directional force is applied to the through opening 38, causing the through cross-section of the through opening to change according to the magnitude of the gas pressure in the manner described.

[0154] Membrane 36 can have a predefined arching according to flow requirements.

[0155] The retainer 64 is advantageously integrally constructed with the membrane 36 and is made of an elastic, stretchable material, particularly rubber.

[0156] according to Figure 21 Pressure balancing device and Figure 20 The difference in the embodiment is that the elastic membrane 36 is part of the retainer 64, wherein the retainer 64, together with the elastic membrane 36, is inserted into the sleeve portion 29.

[0157] The sleeve portion 29 has a surrounding molded portion 68 on its inner side, which engages in the illustrated mounting position with an equivalent annular groove 66 on the outer side of the sleeve 67 of the retainer 64. In the assembled position, the sleeve 67 is elastically compressed such that it rests against the surrounding annular groove 66 of the sleeve portion 29 under radial force. The sleeve 67 is thickened to absorb these forces.

[0158] The membrane 36 forms the bottom of the retainer 64 at the end opposite to the membrane 34. The region between the membrane 36 and the annular groove 66 has a smaller wall thickness than the region of the sleeve 67 adjacent to the membrane 34. This ensures that the membrane 36 can easily elastically deform under the corresponding load. The membrane 36 is axially spaced from the sealing element 10. In other respects, the pressure balancing device and... Figure 20 or Figure 3 The implementation form is constructed in the same way.

[0159] As the sleeve 67 elastically contracts in the installation position, a directional force is applied to the through opening 38, causing the through cross-section of the through opening 38 to change according to the magnitude of the gas pressure in the manner described.

[0160] The membrane 36 can have a predefined arching according to flow requirements. The retainer 64 is advantageously integrally constructed with the membrane 36 and is made of an elastic material, in particular rubber.

[0161] In all embodiments, when the pressure inside the housing is high, the valve housing 8, together with the diaphragm retainer 28, overcomes the force of the pressure spring 41 and moves axially in the manner described, so that gas does not have to flow out of the housing through the diaphragm 34. The axial displacement of the diaphragm 34 causes the outlet opening 27 to be located on the side of the diaphragm 34 facing the sealing element 10. Therefore, gas can flow out directly through the outlet opening after passing through the diaphragm 36.

[0162] List of reference numerals

[0163] 1 Support component

[0164] 2. Through opening

[0165] 3. Lower side of the support member

[0166] 4. Annular groove

[0167] 5. Sealing elements

[0168] 6. Through opening for receiving section

[0169] 7 Reception Department

[0170] 8 valve housing

[0171] 9. The inner wall of the through opening

[0172] 10 Enclosure Components

[0173] 11. Through openings in enclosed elements

[0174] 12. Annular flange on the sealing element

[0175] 13. Closed section

[0176] 14 Support flange

[0177] 15. Sealing elements for support flanges

[0178] 16. Upper side of the support member

[0179] 17 Sealing Lip

[0180] 18 Recess for receiving sealing elements

[0181] 19. Acceptance Section

[0182] 20 Recess on the end face side

[0183] 21. The annular edge of the concave portion

[0184] 22 Lids

[0185] 23. The covering part of the lid

[0186] 24. Sleeve of the lid

[0187] 25. Annular flange of the cover

[0188] 26. Outer edge of the annular flange

[0189] 27. The outlet opening in the lid

[0190] 28 Membrane retainer

[0191] 29. The sleeve portion of the membrane retainer

[0192] 30. Support portion of the membrane retainer (annular flange)

[0193] 31. Annular recess in the support flange

[0194] 32 Bottom of recess

[0195] 33. Flange portion of the membrane retainer

[0196] 34. Breathable membrane (PTFE)

[0197] 35 Membrane retainer (cylindrical)

[0198] 36. Elastic membrane (rubber)

[0199] 37. Inner wall of the membrane retainer

[0200] 38. Central perforation opening in the elastic membrane

[0201] 38' Circular through-hole

[0202] 39. Axis of the membrane retainer

[0203] 40. Conical walls of an elastic membrane

[0204] 41 Compression Spring

[0205] 42 Bottom of the annular groove

[0206] 43. Annular groove of the support component

[0207] 44 Cylindrical sleeve of membrane retainer

[0208] 45. Protrusions on the sleeve

[0209] 46. ​​Force vector on the protrusion

[0210] 47. Framework of elastic membranes

[0211] 48 Additional pressure springs

[0212] 49. Recess in a closed element

[0213] 50 Annular shoulder on the sleeve

[0214] 51 Pressure Components

[0215] 52. Annular shoulder of pressure element

[0216] 53 Stop on the flange section

[0217] 54. Elastic membrane sleeve

[0218] 55 Recess for fixing the sleeve

[0219] 56 Thickened section of sleeve

[0220] 57. Sealing flange on the sleeve

[0221] 58 Thickened edge of the sleeve

[0222] 59. Thickened edge with a circular shoulder

[0223] 60 Thickened inner edge

[0224] 61. Inner side of the casing section

[0225] 62. Thin-walled fixed part of the sleeve

[0226] 63. Edge of the membrane retainer

[0227] 64 Membrane retainer

[0228] 65. Thickened circumferential portion on the casing section

[0229] 66. Annular groove in the retainer

[0230] 67. Sleeve of retainer

[0231] 68 Surrounding molding section

Claims

1. A pressure balancing device for a container, preferably for a vehicle battery housing, the pressure balancing device comprising a housing (8) having at least one inlet (11) for gas, wherein at least one partially permeable valve element (34) is provided downstream of the inlet in the direction of gas flow from the container, the valve element being located in a first position before at least one outlet (27) and in a second position at least partially after the outlet (27). Its features are, At least one sealing element (36) is located in the region between the inlet (11) and the valve element (34), the sealing element having at least one through opening (38, 38') for gas.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing element (36) is configured as a semi-permeable membrane.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The closed element (36) is capable of elastic deformation.

4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The through opening (38, 38') is closed in the installation position by the elastic deformation of the closing element (36).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The opening size of the through opening (38, 38') can be changed according to the pressure of the gas flowing through it.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The closure element (36) is part of the retainer (35), which is arranged in the housing (8).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The retainer (35) has a sleeve (44) that surrounds and connects to the closure element (36), preferably being integrally constructed with the closure element.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sleeve (44) elastically deforms in the installation position.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The sleeve (44) has at least one protrusion (45) on its outer side, which abuts against the inner wall of the housing (8) under the elastic deformation of the sleeve (44) in the installation position.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sleeve (44) has two protrusions (45) or surrounding flanges that are opposite each other in diameter.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The housing (8) together with the valve element (34) can move against a predetermined force.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The inlet (11) is located in the closure (10), by means of which the housing (8) is closed at the end of the housing opposite to the valve element (34).

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, One end of the pressure spring (41) is supported on the closure (10), and the other end of the pressure spring is supported on the support (1) fixed to the container.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The closure element (36) is surrounded by a frame (47) which is axially positioned, and in particular tensioned, between the fastening portion (35) and the retaining portion (28) for the valve element (34).

15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The closing element (36) is fixedly connected to the retaining element (28), particularly by injection molding, bonding or welding.

16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The closing element (36) is part of the retainer (64), which is fitted onto the retainer (28) under elastic deformation (radial expansion) or inserted into the retainer under elastic deformation (radial compression).

17. A container, preferably a battery casing, the container comprising at least one pressure balancing device according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A vehicle comprising at least one container as claimed in claim 17.

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