Agricultural nitrogen stabilizing synergist for improving nitrogen utilization and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing synergist for improving nitrogen utilization and application thereof, the agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing synergist includes active component, the active component includes main component and auxiliary component, main component is one or more of riboflavin, riboflavin salt, riboflavin derivative, riboflavin inclusion compound, riboflavin load or riboflavin slow release, auxiliary component is one or more of plant polyphenol compound, tannin substance, lignin substance and humus substance.The application promotes nitrogen conservation path from the perspective of reducing nitric oxide load and relieving reductase inhibition, reduces nitric oxide load, relieves the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on nitrate or nitrite reduction nitrogen-conserving microorganisms and their related reductase system, promotes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen, and reduces the loss of nitrogen in the form of nitrate leaching or nitrogen-containing gas, thereby improving nitrogen utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical fields of soil nitrogen cycle regulation, soil microbial process regulation and fertilizer efficiency enhancement. More specifically, this invention relates to an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Applying nitrogen fertilizer is an important measure for modern agriculture to increase crop yield and ensure food security. However, in actual agricultural production, after nitrogen fertilizer enters the soil, nitrate nitrogen has strong mobility and is easily leached downwards with water, causing groundwater pollution. At the same time, it can be converted into gaseous products such as nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas through denitrification in an anaerobic microenvironment.

[0003] Existing technologies for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization include urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors, slow-release fertilizers, controlled-release fertilizers, coated fertilizers, and adsorbent soil amendments. Under certain conditions, these technologies can delay nitrogen fertilizer release or inhibit specific transformation processes. However, most of these approaches target a relatively singular focus, primarily concentrating on stages such as urea hydrolysis or ammonium nitrogen nitrification. Traditional nitrogen stabilization technologies pay little attention to the competitive relationships between different microbial reduction pathways after nitrate enters the soil, and particularly lack technical solutions that actively promote the conversion of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen retention from the perspectives of nitric oxide stress, reductase system inhibition, and nitrogen retention pathway stability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer that reduces nitric oxide load, promotes ammonium nitrogen retention, and improves nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer that improves nitrogen fertilizer utilization. It can directly or indirectly reduce the nitric oxide load in the soil, rhizosphere, and fertilizer interface, and alleviate the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on nitrate or nitrite-reducing nitrogen-preserving microorganisms and related reductase systems. This overcomes the problems of low nitrogen fertilizer utilization, high risk of nitrate leaching, large loss of nitrogen-containing gases, and susceptibility of nitrogen-preserving microbial processes to inhibition by nitric oxide intermediates in the prior art.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization is provided. The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist comprises an active component, which includes a main component and an auxiliary component. The main component is one or more of riboflavin, riboflavin salt, riboflavin derivative, riboflavin inclusion complex, riboflavin loading, or riboflavin slow-release compound. The auxiliary component is one or more of plant polyphenolic compounds, tannins, lignins, and humic substances.

[0007] In some embodiments, the riboflavin salt is one or more of the organic salt, inorganic salt, complex salt or hydrate of riboflavin, and the riboflavin derivative includes one or more of flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, luciferin, luciferin or flavin compounds containing isorhozine rings. The riboflavin inclusion complex, riboflavin loading or riboflavin sustained-release product is an inclusion complex, adsorbent, loading, encapsulation, sustained-release or controlled-release product formed by riboflavin with cyclodextrin, polysaccharide, protein, lignin, humic substances, mineral carrier, porous material, polymer material or fertilizer matrix.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plant polyphenolic compounds are one or more of tea polyphenols, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and proanthocyanidins; the tannins are one or more of tannic acid, hydrolyzed tannins, and condensed tannins; the lignins are selected from one or more of alkali lignin, lignin sulfonates, enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin, and organic solvent lignin; and the humic substances are one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid, fulvic acid, humin, humates, fulvic ions, and artificial humic analogs.

[0009] In some embodiments, the main component accounts for 0.1% to 50% of the mass of the active component, and the auxiliary components account for the remainder.

[0010] In some embodiments, the main component accounts for 1% to 20% of the mass of the active component, and the auxiliary component accounts for 80% to 99% of the mass of the active component.

[0011] In some embodiments, the main component accounts for 2% to 10% of the mass of the active component, and the auxiliary component accounts for 90% to 98% of the mass of the active component.

[0012] In some embodiments, the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer also includes an agronomically acceptable carrier, diluent, dispersant, binder, stabilizer, slow-release material, controlled-release material, coating material, granulation aid, water-retaining agent, soil conditioner, fertilizer matrix or combination thereof, and the dosage form of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer is any one of powder, granule, aqueous solution, suspension, emulsion, microcapsule or coating agent.

[0013] In some embodiments, agricultural nitrogen stabilizers are suitable for regulating soil microbial systems capable of nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, nitric oxide reduction, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium production, assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium production, or ammonium nitrogen retention. These microbial systems include any one of the following: dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium production microbial systems, assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium production microbial systems, NrfA-related nitrite reduction systems, rhizosphere nitrogen-retaining microbial systems, and soil anaerobic micro-zone nitrogen-retaining microbial systems.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization is provided, which is used to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization, increase soil ammonium nitrogen content, promote the conversion of nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen, reduce nitrate accumulation, reduce nitrate leaching, reduce nitric oxide accumulation, reduce nitrous oxide release, and reduce nitrogen-containing gas loss.

[0015] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing fertilizer product is provided, the fertilizer product comprising nitrogen fertilizer and the aforementioned agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing agent for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

[0016] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is provided. The method involves applying the aforementioned agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency to farmland soil or the rhizosphere region of crops, or mixing the aforementioned agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist with nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer and then applying it to farmland soil or the rhizosphere region of crops. The application amount of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist is 0.1 to 500 mg per kilogram of dry soil, preferably 1 to 200 mg, and more preferably 5 to 100 mg.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist of this invention uses riboflavin-like components as the main component and plant polyphenolic compounds, tannins, lignins, and humic substances with synergistic nitrogen-retaining effects as auxiliary components. It takes into account activity, cost, and agricultural applicability. It promotes the nitrogen-retaining pathway by reducing nitric oxide load and alleviating reductase inhibition. It is not limited to traditional urease inhibition or nitrification inhibition. It can directly or indirectly reduce the nitric oxide load in soil, rhizosphere, fertilizer interface, or nitrogen-containing culture system, alleviate the inhibitory effect of nitric oxide on nitrate or nitrite-reducing nitrogen-retaining microorganisms and their related reductase systems, promote the conversion of nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen retention pathway, and reduce nitrogen loss caused by nitrate leaching or nitrogen-containing gaseous forms, thereby improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization. Its formulation and application method are flexible and compatible with existing fertilizer systems. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a comparative graph showing the effect of riboflavin on the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in different soil systems according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of nitrous oxide levels in soil under different treatments in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a comparative graph showing the effects of different treatments in Example 5 of the present invention on the relative dominance of nitrogen-retaining functional genes in soil. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail through specific implementation examples. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. After reading this invention, any modifications of the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the appended claims. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials and reagents of the present invention are commercially available.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] An agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing powder for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization comprises, by weight percentage: 2.0% riboflavin, 5.0% tea polyphenols, 5.0% tannic acid, 15.0% sodium lignosulfonate, 20.0% potassium humate, 25.0% bentonite, 20.0% zeolite powder, 3.0% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 5.0% diatomaceous earth.

[0024] In preparation, riboflavin, tea polyphenols, tannic acid, sodium lignosulfonate and potassium humate are pulverized and sieved respectively, and then mixed with bentonite, zeolite powder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and diatomaceous earth in the above mass percentage ratio. The mixture is mixed with a high-speed mixer for 20 to 40 minutes to ensure that the components are evenly dispersed, thus obtaining the above-mentioned agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer powder for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

[0025] This powder can be directly mixed with urea, ammonium sulfate, compound fertilizer, or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, or used as a base fertilizer additive, top dressing additive, or fertilizer mixing agent. The powder is added at 0.1%–5% of the nitrogen fertilizer mass, preferably 0.5%–3% of the nitrogen fertilizer mass; or, based on the powder mass, 1–500 mg per kilogram of dry soil, preferably 5–100 mg.

[0026] In this embodiment, riboflavin is used as the main active component to reduce nitric oxide load and alleviate the self-inhibition of nitrate-reducing nitrogen-holding microorganisms; tea polyphenols and tannic acid are used as auxiliary components for nitric oxide scavenging by plant polyphenols, which can synergistically reduce the accumulation of nitric oxide and its derived reactive nitrogen intermediates; sodium lignin sulfonate and potassium humate have the functions of both dispersant and slow-release carrier; bentonite, zeolite powder and diatomite are used as low-cost mineral carriers, which can improve the stability of the formulation and soil applicability.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] An agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing aqueous agent for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization comprises, by mass percentage: 1.0% sodium riboflavin phosphate or riboflavin-cyclodextrin inclusion complex, 2.0% tea polyphenols, 2.0% tannic acid, 8.0% sodium lignosulfonate, 12.0% potassium humate, 5.0% glycerol, 5.0% propylene glycol, and 65% water.

[0029] During preparation, water is added to a reaction vessel, stirring is started, and potassium humate, sodium lignosulfonate, tea polyphenols, and tannic acid are added in sequence to fully dissolve or disperse them. Then, glycerol, propylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone are added, and stirring is continued until homogeneous. Next, sodium riboflavin phosphate or riboflavin-cyclodextrin inclusion complex is added, and the pH is adjusted to 6.0-7.5. Finally, sodium citrate and potassium sorbate are added. After filtration or homogenization, the mixture is bottled to obtain an agricultural nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing aqueous agent that improves nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

[0030] This aqueous solution can be used for fertigation, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, rhizosphere application, or in combination with liquid nitrogen fertilizer. When using, dilute it 100 to 1000 times before applying it to the soil or plant rhizosphere environment; it can also be used in combination with liquid nitrogen fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer at 0.05% to 3% of the nitrogen fertilizer mass.

[0031] In this embodiment, sodium riboflavin phosphate or riboflavin inclusion complex is used as the main active component to improve the dispersibility and utilization efficiency of riboflavin-like substances in the aqueous system; tea polyphenols, tannic acid, sodium lignosulfonate and potassium humate are used as auxiliary components to synergistically exert the functions of nitric oxide scavenging, free radical capture, redox buffering and rhizosphere microenvironment regulation; glycerol and propylene glycol are used to improve system stability and dispersibility; polyvinylpyrrolidone is used to stabilize sodium riboflavin phosphate or riboflavin inclusion complex; sodium citrate is used to adjust system stability; and potassium sorbate is used to improve storage stability.

[0032] Example 3: Effects of riboflavin on ammonium nitrogen accumulation in different soil systems

[0033] Paddy soil (i.e., paddy soil) and several dryland soil systems (including black soil, alluvial soil, and red soil) were selected. Under the same nitrogen-containing substrate conditions, treatments without riboflavin and treatments with riboflavin were set up. After incubation, ammonium nitrogen and related nitrogen transformation products were measured.

[0034] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, the addition of riboflavin-based agricultural nitrogen stabilizers increased the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in different soil systems, indicating that riboflavin, as the main component, can promote the conversion of nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen retention pathway.

[0035] Example 4: Effect of riboflavin treatment on nitrous oxide release

[0036] In a nitrogen-containing soil microcosm system, treatments without riboflavin and treatments with riboflavin were set up, and the level of nitrous oxide was measured after incubation.

[0037] The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, compared with the treatment without riboflavin, the treatment with riboflavin reduced the level of nitrous oxide, indicating that the technical solution described in this invention can reduce the risk of at least part of the loss of nitrogen-containing gases.

[0038] Example 5: Effect of riboflavin treatment on the relative dominance of nitrogen-sparing functional genes

[0039] Paddy soil from Example 3 was selected as the test soil, and treatments with and without riboflavin were established. All treatments were cultured under the same nitrogen-containing substrate conditions. After culture, soil samples were collected, total DNA was extracted, and the abundance of nitrogen-retaining nitrite reduction-related functional genes nrfA and denitrification-related functional genes nirS and nirK was detected using real-time quantitative PCR. The ratio of nrfA / (nrfA+nirS+nirK) was calculated based on the detection results to characterize the relative advantage of nitrogen-retaining nitrite reduction function over denitrifying nitrite reduction function.

[0040] The results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, compared with the treatment without riboflavin, the treatment with riboflavin significantly increased the nrfA / (nrfA+nirS+nirK) ratio, indicating that the riboflavin treatment can enhance the competitive advantage of nitrogen-retaining nitrite reduction function over denitrification function, and support the role of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist described in this invention in promoting the conversion of nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen retention pathway from the functional gene level.

[0041] Examples 3-5 demonstrate that the main components, represented by riboflavin, can improve ammonium nitrogen retention, reduce nitrous oxide release, and enhance the relative advantage of nitrogen-retention-related functional genes. These results support the technical effectiveness of this invention in improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization by reducing nitric oxide load and alleviating inhibition of related microbial processes, from the perspectives of nitrogen form, gaseous loss, and functional genes.

[0042] It should be noted that, Figures 1 to 3 The results shown are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the core technical concept of this invention, and do not limit this invention to specific soil types, specific riboflavin concentrations, specific culture conditions, specific detection indicators, or specific auxiliary components. Any scheme that uses the main and auxiliary components described in this invention and can reduce nitric oxide load, promote ammonium nitrogen retention, or improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0043] Those skilled in the art can combine riboflavin with natural polyphenols, tannins, lignin, and humic substances in any way according to actual application needs, and apply it through different carriers, adjuvants, and dosage forms. All the above variations are equivalent substitutions or conventional modifications of the inventive concept.

[0044] In summary, the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer provided by this invention, with riboflavin-like components as the main component and plant polyphenols, tannins, lignins, and humic substances as auxiliary components, directly or indirectly reduces nitric oxide load, alleviates the inhibition of nitric oxide on nitrate or nitrite-reducing nitrogen-preserving microorganisms and their reductase systems, promotes the conversion of nitrate nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen retention pathways, reduces nitrate leaching and nitrogen-containing gas loss, thereby improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization and having good agricultural application value.

[0045] The above descriptions are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization, characterized in that, The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer includes an active component, which comprises a main component and auxiliary components. The main component is one or more of riboflavin, riboflavin salt, riboflavin derivative, riboflavin inclusion complex, riboflavin loading material, or riboflavin sustained-release material. The auxiliary components are one or more of plant polyphenolic compounds, tannins, lignins, and humic substances.

2. The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The riboflavin salt is one or more of the organic salt, inorganic salt, complex salt or hydrate of riboflavin, and the riboflavin derivative includes one or more of flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, luciferin, luciferin or flavin compounds containing isorhozine rings. The riboflavin inclusion complex, riboflavin loading or riboflavin sustained-release product is an inclusion complex, adsorbent, loading, encapsulation, sustained-release or controlled-release product formed by riboflavin with cyclodextrin, polysaccharide, protein, lignin, humic substances, mineral carrier, porous material, polymer material or fertilizer matrix.

3. The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant polyphenolic compounds are selected from one or more of tea polyphenols, gallic acid, ellagic acid, or proanthocyanidins; the tannins are selected from one or more of tannic acid, hydrolyzed tannins, or condensed tannins; the lignins are selected from one or more of alkali lignin, lignin sulfonates, enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin, or organic solvent lignin; and the humic substances are selected from one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid, humin, humates, or fulvic acids.

4. An agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main component accounts for 0.1% to 50% of the mass of the active component, and the auxiliary component accounts for the remainder.

5. An agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main component accounts for 1% to 20% of the mass of the active component, and the auxiliary component accounts for 80% to 99% of the mass of the active component.

6. An agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist also includes agronomically acceptable carriers, diluents, dispersants, binders, stabilizers, slow-release materials, controlled-release materials, coating materials, granulation aids, water-retaining agents, soil conditioners, fertilizer substrates, or combinations thereof. The dosage form of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist is any one of powder, granules, aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, microcapsules, or coating agents.

7. An agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer is suitable for regulating microbial systems in soil that have the ability to reduce nitrate, reduce nitrite, reduce nitric oxide, reduce dissimilatory nitrate to produce ammonium, reduce assimilate nitrate to produce ammonium, or retain ammonium nitrogen. The microbial system includes any one of the following: dissimilatory nitrate to produce ammonium microbial system, assimilate nitrate to produce ammonium microbial system, NrfA-related nitrite reduction system, rhizosphere nitrogen-retaining microbial system, and soil anaerobic microzone nitrogen-retaining microbial system.

8. The application of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization, increasing soil ammonium nitrogen content, promoting the conversion of nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen, reducing nitrate accumulation, reducing nitrate leaching, reducing nitric oxide accumulation, reducing nitrous oxide release, and reducing nitrogen-containing gas loss.

9. A nitrogen-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing fertilizer product, characterized in that, The fertilizer product comprises nitrogen fertilizer and an agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and enhancer for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization, as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A method for improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization, characterized in that, The method involves applying the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 to farmland soil or the rhizosphere of crops, or mixing the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist with nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer and then applying it to farmland soil or the rhizosphere of crops. The application amount of the agricultural nitrogen stabilizer and synergist is 0.1 to 500 mg per kilogram of dry soil.

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