Light composite bulletproof structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a light composite bulletproof structure, and relates to the field of bulletproof composite structures. The utility model comprises a fiber layer, a carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer, a fiber composite material layer, a metal layer and a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer which are sequentially bonded with one another, wherein at least one part of air chamber in the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer is filled with air. A three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer arranged at the lowermost part is formed by arranging three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units in a staggered manner, and the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units are filled with gas; after the projectile intrudes into the layer, the negative Poisson's ratio structure of the layer can consume the residual energy of the projectile through the self auxetic effect, the filled gas can increase the motion resistance of the projectile, and the weight of the structure can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model discloses a lightweight composite bulletproof structure, which relates to the field of composite bulletproof structures. Background Art

[0002] Chinese patent: CN112066805A discloses a fiber / ceramic-based composite bulletproof structure, including a bullet-proof layer, a buffer layer, a transition layer and a back-bullet layer. The structure has good bulletproof performance, but the materials used are all ceramics and fiber-reinforced composite materials. The overall structure has no obvious weight reduction advantage. At the same time, in the existing composite bulletproof structure, due to the poor intrinsic toughness of ceramics, it is easy to break after the impact of projectiles and fragments. Its protective ability, especially the ability to resist multiple bullets, is insufficient, which seriously limits its further application in the field of armored vehicle protection and human protection. Based on this, it is urgent to develop a new lightweight composite bulletproof structure to further improve the protective effectiveness and enhance the battlefield survivability of weapons and equipment and individual soldiers. Summary of the invention

[0003] The utility model aims to design a light composite bulletproof structure capable of resisting multiple bullets.

[0004] The utility model comprises a fiber layer, a carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer, a fiber composite material layer, a metal layer and a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer which are sequentially bonded to each other, wherein at least a part of the air chamber in the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer is filled with gas.

[0005] Furthermore, the fiber layer thickness is 0.05-0.1mm, the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer thickness is 5-10mm, the fiber composite material layer thickness is 5-10mm, the metal layer thickness is 1-3mm, and the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer thickness is 6-20mm.

[0006] Furthermore, the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer is formed by bonding a group of carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheets with hexagonal surfaces, and the distance between the relative angles of each unit hexagon is 15-30 mm.

[0007] Furthermore, the fiber composite material layer is formed by bonding and pressing at least twenty fiber layers. Furthermore, the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer includes at least two three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layers, each three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layer includes at least one three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit, each three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit includes a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber block filled with gas in a cavity, the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber block is coated with a packaging film, and the positions of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units of two adjacent layers are staggered.

[0008] Furthermore, the three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit adopts a triangular honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure or a quadrangular honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure or a double-arrow-shaped or star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the length and width of a unit are both 50-200 mm, and the thickness is 3-10 mm.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0011] 1. The utility model is provided with a carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer, which has good strength and toughness matching. When impacted by a projectile, it can effectively consume the impact energy, reduce the speed of the projectile, and deflect its penetration direction; the side of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer that contacts the projectile is provided with a fiber layer, which can reduce the fragmentation and splashing of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer after being impacted by the projectile, and improves the ability to resist multiple bullets. The fiber composite material layer provided at the lower end of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer can further consume the impact energy of the projectile by means of fiber breakage, etc., and deflect the penetration direction of the projectile; the metal layer provided at the lower end of the fiber composite material layer can weaken the penetration ability of the projectile through its own toughness and strong plasticity matching, and can also support the fiber composite material layer and reduce the deformation of the fiber composite material layer.

[0012] 2. The utility model is provided with a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer at the bottom, which is composed of three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units arranged in a staggered manner, and the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units are filled with gas; when the projectile invades the layer, the negative Poisson's ratio structure of the layer can consume the remaining energy of the projectile through its own tensile expansion effect, and the filled gas can increase the movement resistance of the projectile and reduce the weight of the structure; the design of staggered arrangement of three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units effectively reduces weak penetration interfaces, and at the same time can avoid the layer from bursting after being impacted by the projectile, resulting in gas outflow affecting the protective effectiveness of the overall structure, thereby enhancing the ability of the overall structure to resist multiple bullets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a front view of an embodiment of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer;

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial front view of the fiber composite material layer;

[0016] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a front view of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer of the utility model using a triangular honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure;

[0018] Figure 6 This is a front view of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer of the utility model using a four-corner honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a front view of the three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer of the utility model using a double-arrow-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure;

[0020] Wherein: 101, fiber layer, 102, carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer, 103, fiber composite material layer, 104, metal layer, 105, three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer, 106, carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheet, 107, adhesive layer, 108, fiber layer, 109, resin film, 110, three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit, 111 cavity, 112, packaging film. Specific embodiments

[0021] by Figure 1 The up, down, left, right, front and back directions of this embodiment are defined as shown.

[0022] As shown in the figure, this embodiment includes a fiber layer 101, a carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102, a fiber composite material layer 103, a metal layer 104 and a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105 in sequence, and each layer is fixed by strong glue.

[0023] The fiber layer 101 in this embodiment is a layer of fiber woven cloth, which can be made of aramid fiber, carbon fiber, PBO fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber; the thickness of the fiber layer 101 is 0.05-0.1mm, for example, it can be 0.1mm, 0.09mm, 0.08mm, 0.07mm, 0.06mm, 0.05mm.

[0024] A carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102 is provided at the lower end of the fiber layer 101. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102 is formed by bonding a group of carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheets 106. The surface of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheet 106 is hexagonal, and the distance between the relative angles is 15-30mm, for example, it can be 15mm, 17mm, 20mm, 23mm, 25mm, 30mm. The thickness of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheet 106 is 5-10mm, for example, it can be 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm. An adhesive layer 107 is formed by pouring epoxy resin between each carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheet 106, so that each carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheet 106 is combined into a whole. The carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102 and the fiber layer 101 are bonded to each other. The carbon fiber toughened and the coupling effect of the fiber layer 101 can reduce the fragmentation and splashing of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102 after being impacted by a projectile, and improve the ability to resist multiple bullets.

[0025] A fiber composite material layer 103 is disposed at the lower end of the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer 102. In this embodiment, the fiber composite material layer 103 is composed of thirty fiber layers 108 and twenty-nine resin films 109, wherein the fiber layer 108 can be made of aramid fiber, carbon fiber, PBO fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, and the resin film 109 is made of polycarbonate resin or nylon. During the production process, each fiber layer 108 is selected from the same fiber, and is alternately arranged with the resin film 109 selected from the same material, and is superimposed to the required thickness, and then the fiber layers 108 and the resin film 109 are bonded to each other and composited into a whole for use through hot pressing treatment. When impacted by a projectile, the fiber composite material layer 103 can further consume the impact energy of the projectile by fiber breakage, and deflect the penetration direction of the projectile.

[0026] In this embodiment, the fiber composite material layer 103 has a thickness of 5-10 mm, such as 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm, wherein the volume fraction of the fiber layer 108 is generally 60%-90%, such as 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%.

[0027] A metal layer 104 is disposed at the lower end of the fiber composite material layer 103. The metal layer 104 can be made of TC4 titanium alloy or low-density steel, and has a thickness of 1-3 mm, for example, 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. The selected metal has good plasticity and toughness matching, and is bonded to the fiber composite material layer 103; when impacted by a projectile, it can not only reduce the penetration ability of the projectile, but also support the fiber composite material layer 103 and reduce the deformation of the fiber composite material layer 103.

[0028] In this embodiment, the surface of the metal layer 104 is polished with sandpaper to increase the bonding strength with other layers.

[0029] A three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105 is provided at the lower end of the metal layer 104. The three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105 is provided with two three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layers. The three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layer is composed of a group of three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units 110. The three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit 110 can adopt a triangular honeycomb type, a quadrangular honeycomb type, a double arrow type and a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure. The cavity 111 of the negative Poisson's ratio structure is filled with gas, and the gas is sealed by a packaging film 112 bonded to the periphery, which can reduce the weight of the structure. When the projectile invades the three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit 110, the negative Poisson's ratio structure consumes the remaining energy of the projectile through its own tensile expansion effect. The gas filled in the cavity 111 can increase the movement resistance of the projectile and further consume the kinetic energy of the projectile.

[0030] In this embodiment, the negative Poisson's ratio structure of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit 110 can be made of aramid fiber, carbon fiber, PBO fiber or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber. The three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit 110 is a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length and width of 50-200 mm, for example, 50 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm; the thickness is 3-10 mm, for example, 3 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm. Each three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit 110 is fixed by polyurea bonding.

[0031] In this embodiment, two adjacent layers of three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units 110 are staggered to make the connection of each unit more uniform, reduce weak penetration interfaces, and improve the stability of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105. The three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105 is provided with two three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layers, with a thickness of 6-20 mm, for example, 6 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm.

[0032] In this embodiment, when each layer selects a structure with a higher thickness, the protective effect will be better, but the overall weight of the corresponding structure will increase; therefore, when using it, a bulletproof structure of appropriate thickness should be selected according to actual needs.

[0033] When the projectile impacts, the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layer 102 consumes the energy of the projectile by eroding and fragmenting it, reduces the speed of the projectile, and deflects the penetration direction of the projectile; the fiber layer 101 bonded to the upper end of the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layer 102 reduces the fragmentation and splashing of the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layer 102 after the projectile impact. The fiber composite material layer 103 bonded to the lower end of the carbon fiber reinforced ceramic layer 102 consumes the energy of the projectile by fiber breakage and further changes the penetration direction of the projectile; the metal layer 104 bonded to the lower end of the fiber composite material layer 103 further weakens the penetration ability of the projectile, and at the same time assists in supporting the fiber composite material layer 103 and reduces the deformation of the fiber composite material layer 103. The three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer 105 bonded to the lower end of the metal layer 104 can play a role in buffering and absorbing energy for the projectile through the tensile expansion effect of the negative Poisson's ratio. The gas filled in the cavity 111 increases the movement resistance of the projectile and consumes the residual energy of the projectile. Under the action of a single 12.7mm incendiary bullet, the bullet-proof structure was not penetrated, there was no macroscopic stratification, and the back protrusion was ≤15mm. Under the action of three 12.7mm incendiary bullets, the bullet-proof structure was not penetrated, there was no macroscopic stratification, the bullet-facing surface was not broken, and the back protrusion was ≤20mm.

Claims

1. A lightweight composite bulletproof structure, characterized by: It comprises a fiber layer, a carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer, a fiber composite material layer, a metal layer and a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer which are sequentially bonded to each other, wherein at least a part of the air chamber in the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer is filled with gas.

2. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber layer thickness is 0.05-0.1mm, the carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer thickness is 5-10mm, the fiber composite material layer thickness is 5-10mm, the metal layer thickness is 1-3mm, and the three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer thickness is 6-20mm.

3. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fiber toughened ceramic layer is formed by bonding a group of carbon fiber toughened ceramic sheets with hexagonal surfaces, and the distance between the relative angles of each unit hexagon is 15-30 mm.

4. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber composite material layer is formed by bonding and pressing at least twenty fiber layers.

5. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber layer includes at least two three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layers, each three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit layer includes at least one three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit, each three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit includes a three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber block filled with gas in a cavity, the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber block is covered with a packaging film, and the positions of the three-dimensional woven negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber units of two adjacent layers are staggered.

6. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit adopts a triangular honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure, a quadrangular honeycomb negative Poisson's ratio structure, a double-arrow negative Poisson's ratio structure, or a star-shaped negative Poisson's ratio structure.

7. The lightweight composite bulletproof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: A three-dimensional braided negative Poisson's ratio fiber high-pressure air chamber unit has a length and a width of 50-200 mm and a thickness of 3-10 mm.

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