Ecological filter dam for riverway restoration

Abstract

The ecological filter dam comprises a purification system, an aquatic plant system and a river channel, the lower end of the river channel is a river bottom, the purification system comprises a filtering interception area and a deep purification area, and the filtering interception area comprises a plurality of gabion cages arranged in the water flow direction of the river channel; the lower ends of the gabion cages are provided with expansion bolts and are fixed through the expansion bolts, gravels and zeolite are filled between the gabion cages, and a plurality of fixing anchor rods are arranged at the left end and the right end of the filtering and intercepting area respectively, and a double-dam-body structure of the filtering and intercepting area and the deep purification area is adopted, so that the pollutant reduction effect can be improved, and a water body is fully purified; by means of interval piling and arrangement of filter materials in the filter interception area, blockage caused by the fact that large-particle floating objects or suspended solids enter the ecological filter dam can be effectively reduced, further, the zeolite filler layer is filled with fine holes and channels, the porosity is high, the specific surface area is large, and according to the porous characteristic of zeolite, the zeolite has good adsorbability, so that the ecological filter dam is more environment-friendly. The content of suspended matters and phosphorus in river water can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of river channel restoration, in particular to an ecological filter dam for river channel restoration. Background Art

[0002] As an important in-situ river purification technology, the ecological filter dam combines artificial wetlands and rapid infiltration principles, and is built in the river using matrices such as gravel, pebbles, and crushed stone. It has the function of purifying water quality and promoting the sedimentation of suspended matter and nutrients in the river.

[0003] However, the existing ecological filter dams are mostly single rockfill-type ecological filter dams, and basically rely on the physical adsorption of fillers. They have problems such as overly hardened foundation structure, poor landscape effect, single matrix composition, short service life, and limited purification effect. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an ecological filter dam for river channel restoration, which solves the problems in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a river channel restoration ecological filter dam, comprising a purification system, an aquatic plant system and a river channel, the lower end of the river channel is the riverbed, the purification system comprises a filtration interception area and a deep purification area, the filtration interception area comprises a plurality of gabions arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel, the lower ends of the gabions are provided with expansion bolts and fixed by the expansion bolts, the gabions are filled with gravel and zeolite, the left and right ends of the filtration interception area are respectively provided with a plurality of fixed anchor rods, the fixed anchor rods pass downward through the gabions and are inserted into the riverbed, the deep purification area comprises phosphorus removal porous filter bricks, permeable geotextile and filler, the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks are stacked to form a trapezoidal body, the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks are filled with filler, the upper end of the trapezoidal body formed by the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks is paved with permeable geotextile, the upper ends of the filtration interception area and the permeable geotextile are respectively paved with planting soil, and the upper ends of the planting soil are respectively planted with aquatic plant systems.

[0006] Preferably, the area filled with gravel between the gabion cages forms a gravel interception layer, and the area filled with zeolite between the gabion cages forms a zeolite packing layer, the volume ratio of the gravel interception layer and the zeolite packing layer ranges from 1:1 to 1.5, and mesh frames are fixed to the outside of the gravel interception layer and the zeolite packing layer. The particle size of the gravel in the gravel interception layer gradually decreases along the direction of river water flow.

[0007] Preferably, the total length of the filtration and interception zone along the direction of river water flow is in the range of 1 to 5 m, the total length of the deep purification zone along the direction of river water flow is in the range of 1 to 5 m, and the thickness of the planting soil is in the range of 200 to 300 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the fixed anchor rods are selected from one or more of pine piles or fir piles, the intervals between the fixed anchor rods are in the range of 20 to 30 cm, and the depth of the fixed anchor rods inserted into the riverbed soil layer is in the range of 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the total length of the fixed anchor rods.

[0009] Preferably, the porosity of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick is in the range of 20% to 25%, the compressive strength is not less than 10 MPa, the water permeability coefficient is in the range of 1 to 3 cm / s, and the seam width of the trapezoidal body of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick is not greater than 2.5 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the gabion cage is in a cube shape and is made of galvanized steel wire.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0012] 1. The double dam structure of the filtration interception zone and the deep purification zone can improve the pollutant reduction effect and fully purify the water body. Through the interval piling and the setting of filter materials in the filtration interception zone, it can effectively reduce the large particles of floating or suspended matter entering the ecological filter dam to cause blockage. Furthermore, the zeolite filler layer is full of tiny holes and channels, with high porosity and large specific surface area. According to the porous characteristics of zeolite, it has good adsorption, which can effectively reduce the suspended matter and phosphorus content in river water. At the same time, it can also form a good attachment base for the growth of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, the zeolite filler layer also has a strong ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity. By adsorbing ammonia nitrogen organic pollutants on the zeolite filler and combining them with the microorganisms adsorbed thereon, the ammonia nitrogen organic pollutants can be degraded through biochemical treatment.

[0013] 2. By combining the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks with volcanic rocks, special phosphorus removal filter materials, etc., a high-efficiency filtration facility is formed. The effect is more obvious in removing suspended solids, total phosphorus, and organic matter in polluted water bodies. It can effectively absorb harmful substances and impurities in the water, such as heavy metal ions and harmful bacteria, thereby improving water quality, stabilizing water quality, and promoting metabolism, thereby achieving in-situ restoration of river water quality.

[0014] 3. By planting aquatic plant systems in the filtration and interception areas and deep purification areas, on the one hand, the emergent plants supply oxygen to the lower part of the dam through their roots, which is beneficial to the survival of aerobic microorganisms in the dam, providing a favorable environment for aerobic decomposition, and is beneficial to the deodorization of the water body; on the other hand, it increases the landscape of the ecological filter dam, provides a more comfortable hydrophilic environment for the black and smelly rivers in rural areas, and improves the ornamental and ecological nature of the ecological filter dam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0017] Explanations in the figure: 1. Purification system; 2. Filtration and interception area; 3. Post-deep purification area; 4. Gabion cage; 5. Aquatic plant system; 6. Gravel interception layer; 7. Zeolite filler layer; 8. Porous filter bricks for phosphorus removal; 9. Permeable geotextile; 10. Planting soil; 11. River bottom; 12. River channel; 13. Expansion bolts; 14. Filling material; 15. Fixed anchor rods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a further detailed description of the implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2A river channel restoration ecological filter dam includes a purification system 1, an aquatic plant system 5 and a river channel 12, wherein the lower end of the river channel 12 is a river bottom 11, the purification system 1 includes a filtration interception area 2 and a deep purification area 3, the height of the filtration interception area 2 is less than the height of the deep purification area 3, the height of the filtration interception area 2 corresponds to the normal water level of the river channel 12, and the height of the deep purification area 3 corresponds to the flood level of the river channel 12. This structural design is conducive to the ecological filter dam being suitable for the flood channel 12, the total length of the filtration interception area 2 along the water flow direction of the river channel 12 is 1 to 5m, the total length of the deep purification area 3 along the water flow direction of the river channel 12 is 1 to 5m, the filtration interception area 2 includes several areas arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel 12 There are a plurality of gabions 4, each of which is in a cubic shape and is made of galvanized steel wire. The raw material of the gabion 4 is a bag-like structure made of a steel wire mesh mechanically woven from anti-corrosion treated steel wire, and the filter material is filled inside. The gabion 4 has a wide range of applications, is convenient for the material selection and preparation of ecological filtration dams, and reduces processing and manufacturing costs. An expansion bolt 13 is provided at the lower end of the gabion 4 and is fixed by the expansion bolt 13. Gravel and zeolite are filled between the gabions 4. The gabion 4 is filled with gravel and zeolite. The zeolite is full of tiny pores and channels, has a high porosity, and a large specific surface area. According to the porous characteristics of the zeolite, it has good adsorption, can effectively reduce the suspended matter and phosphorus content in the river water, and can also constitute a beneficial The zeolite packing layer 7 is a good attachment base for the growth of microorganisms. In addition, the zeolite packing layer 7 also has a strong ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity. By adsorbing ammonia nitrogen organic pollutants on the zeolite packing and combining them with the microorganisms adsorbed thereon, the ammonia nitrogen organic pollutants can be degraded through biochemical treatment, thereby improving the water quality of the river 12. The area filled with gravel between the gabion cages 4 forms a gravel interception layer 6, and the area filled with zeolite between the gabion cages 4 forms a zeolite packing layer 7. The volume ratio of the gravel interception layer 6 to the zeolite packing layer 7 is in the range of 1:1 to 1.5. In order to improve the economic benefit, the volume of the gravel interception layer 6 should not be less than the volume of the zeolite packing layer 7. In order to prevent the gravel interception layer 6 and the zeolite packing layer 7 from becoming loose in the river bottom 11, The gravel interception layer 6 and the zeolite filler layer 7 are fixed with mesh frames on the outside, which can effectively restrain the gravel and zeolite. At the same time, in order to allow sewage to enter the filtration interception area 2 normally, the fixed mesh frame needs to reserve larger mesh holes. The particle size of the gravel in the gravel interception layer 6 gradually decreases along the water flow direction of the river channel 12. The gravel filled in the gravel interception layer 6 uses gravel with a particle size of 30 to 50 mm, which enhances the carrying capacity of the filter dam, removes pollutants through precipitation, adsorption, biofilm and other effects, and increases the living environment of aquatic plants. The zeolite in the zeolite filler layer 7 uses zeolite with a particle size of 10 to 20 mm, which is convenient for effectively removing ammonia nitrogen, organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, fluorine, phosphorus and oxygen-containing acid anions in water.

[0020] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In order to ensure the stability of the filtration interception area 2 in the river channel 12, a plurality of fixed anchor rods 15 are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the filtration interception area 2, and the fixed anchor rods 15 pass downward through the gabion cage 4 and are inserted into the river bottom 11, so as to fix the filtration interception area 2 on the river bottom 11. The fixed anchor rods 15 are selected from one or more of pine piles or fir piles, and the interval between the two fixed anchor rods 15 is 20 to 30 cm. The depth range of the fixed anchor rods 15 inserted into the soil layer of the river bottom 11 is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the total length of the fixed anchor rods 15. The plurality of fixed fixed anchor rods 15 are arranged in a horizontal row along the extension direction of the ecological filtration dam to ensure the connection stability of the ecological filtration dam as a whole in the river channel 12. Furthermore, the rod body of the fixed anchor rod 15 is completely inserted into the river bottom 11, which can effectively play an anchoring effect, so that the river water can fully contact the gravel interception layer 6 and the zeolite filler layer 7.

[0021] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2The deep purification zone 3 includes a dephosphorization porous filter brick 8, a permeable geotextile 9 and a filler 14. The dephosphorization porous filter brick 8 is stacked to form a trapezoidal body to improve the stability of the filter dam. The dephosphorization porous filter bricks 8 are filled with fillers 14. The fillers 14 include volcanic rocks and specific dephosphorization fillers. The deep purification zone 3 is stacked into a trapezoidal body by the dephosphorization porous filter bricks 8, filled with volcanic rocks and specific dephosphorization fillers. Further, the required size of the dephosphorization porous filter brick 8 is 330*550* 180mm, porosity is 20% to 25%, compressive strength is not less than 10MPa, water permeability is 1 to 3cm / s, cement mortar is used as the bonding material, and the bricks are laid in a staggered joint mode. During the laying process, the porous filter bricks are laid horizontally in layers, with staggered joints up and down, and laid inside and outside. The joints should be staggered to make them dense and firm. The seam width is not more than 2.5cm. The seams are filled with crushed stone and planting soil 10 and leveled manually. The upper end of the trapezoidal body formed by the phosphorus removal porous filter brick 8 is paved with a permeable geotextile 9. The upper ends of the filtering interception area 2 and the permeable geotextile 9 are respectively paved with planting soil 10, and the upper ends of the planting soil 10 are respectively planted with aquatic plant systems 5. The thickness of the planting soil 10 is in the range of 200-300 mm. Pebbles are scattered on the planting soil 10, and emergent plants and submerged plants are planted. The plants are varieties with excellent landscape effects and water purification effects. The porosity of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick 8 is in the range of 20%-25%, the compressive strength is not less than 10MPa, and the permeability coefficient is in the range of 1-3cm / s. The seam width of the trapezoidal body of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick 8 is not more than 2.5cm. The phosphorus removal porous filter brick 8 has the characteristics of large specific surface area and strong adsorption function, and significant phosphorus removal effect. It can intercept suspended matter in water, adsorb particulate matter, colloid, etc. in water, and strengthen phosphorus removal at the same time. The phosphorus removal porous filter brick 8 is arranged in a staggered manner, filled with planting soil 10 and a variety of fillers, to form the environment required for the growth of aquatic plants, and complete the basic work of aquatic plant ecological reconstruction.

[0022] When the utility model is used:

[0023] The filtering and intercepting area 2 and the deep purification area 3 are laid in the river channel 12, and the water flows through the filtering and intercepting area 2 and the deep purification area 3 in sequence. The deep purification area 3 is mainly composed of the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks 8, which are filled with fillers 14 to simultaneously remove suspended matter and phosphorus, and intercept the plant residues produced by the previous phosphorus removal unit. At the same time, the water surface is raised to provide an adaptive living environment for the growth of submerged plants. The gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and other fillers in the filtering and intercepting area 2 and the deep purification area 3 can be replaced according to the different water pollutants and purification requirements. The optional replacement materials include but are not limited to activated carbon, coal slag, coke, quartz sand, ceramsite, etc.; the rectangular filtering and intercepting area 2 is placed in front, and the trapezoidal deep purification area 3 is placed in the back, which is convenient for From the planting angle of emergent plants and submerged plants, the top of the filtration interception area 2 and the deep purification area 3 are covered with planting soil 10, and aquatic plants are planted in the planting soil 10. The permeable geotextile 9 arranged between the planting soil 10 and the deep purification area 3 can effectively prevent the upper planting soil 10 from seeping into the dam body of the deep purification area 3. The upper part of the ecological filter dam is covered with a variety of emergent plants and submerged plants with strong oxygen supply capacity, such as cattail, Vallisneria, foxtail algae, Siberian iris, reed, etc. On the one hand, the emergent plants supply oxygen to the lower part of the dam body through their roots, which is beneficial to the survival of aerobic microorganisms in the dam body and provides a favorable environment for aerobic decomposition; on the other hand, it increases the landscape of the ecological filter dam and provides a more comfortable hydrophilic environment for the black and smelly river 12 in rural areas.

[0024] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A river restoration ecological filter dam, characterized by: The invention comprises a purification system (1), an aquatic plant system (5) and a river channel (12), wherein the lower end of the river channel (12) is a river bottom (11), the purification system (1) comprises a filtering interception area (2) and a deep purification area (3), the filtering interception area (2) comprises a plurality of gabions (4) arranged along the water flow direction of the river channel (12), the lower ends of the gabions (4) are provided with expansion bolts (13) and are fixed by the expansion bolts (13), gravel and zeolite are filled between the gabions (4), the left and right ends of the filtering interception area (2) are respectively provided with a plurality of fixing anchor rods (15), the fixing anchor rods (15) are provided with a plurality of fixing anchor rods (15) and ... The rod (15) passes downward through the gabion cage (4) and is inserted into the riverbed (11). The deep purification zone (3) comprises a phosphorus removal porous filter brick (8), a permeable geotextile (9) and a filler (14). The phosphorus removal porous filter bricks (8) are stacked to form a trapezoidal body. The filler (14) is filled between the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks (8). The upper end of the trapezoidal body formed by the phosphorus removal porous filter bricks (8) is paved with a permeable geotextile (9). The upper ends of the filtration interception zone (2) and the permeable geotextile (9) are respectively paved with planting soil (10), and the upper ends of the planting soil (10) are respectively planted with an aquatic plant system (5).

2. A river restoration ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area filled with gravel between the gabion cages (4) forms a gravel interception layer (6), and the area filled with zeolite between the gabion cages (4) forms a zeolite packing layer (7). The volume ratio of the gravel interception layer (6) to the zeolite packing layer (7) is in the range of 1:1 to 1.

5. Net frames are fixed outside the gravel interception layer (6) and the zeolite packing layer (7). The particle size of the gravel in the gravel interception layer (6) gradually decreases along the water flow direction of the river channel (12).

3. The river restoration ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total length of the filtering and intercepting area (2) along the water flow direction of the river channel (12) is in the range of 1 to 5 m, the total length of the deep purification area (3) along the water flow direction of the river channel (12) is in the range of 1 to 5 m, and the thickness of the planting soil (10) is in the range of 200 to 300 mm.

4. The river restoration ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed anchor rods (15) are selected from one or more of pine wood piles or fir wood piles, the interval between the fixed anchor rods (15) is 20 to 30 cm, and the depth of the fixed anchor rods (15) inserted into the riverbed (11) soil layer is 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the total length of the fixed anchor rods (15).

5. The river restoration ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porosity of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick (8) is in the range of 20% to 25%, the compressive strength is not less than 10 MPa, the water permeability coefficient is in the range of 1 to 3 cm / s, and the seam width of the trapezoidal body of the phosphorus removal porous filter brick (8) is not greater than 2.5 cm.

6. The river restoration ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gabion cage (4) is in a cube shape and is made of galvanized steel wire.

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