An electrode structure for a supercapacitor
By designing a supercapacitor electrode structure with a porous layer, an intermediate layer, and an electrolyte reservoir, the problems of insufficient electrolyte contact and poor interface stability in traditional electrode structures are solved, thereby improving electrochemical performance and service life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 赵润清
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
The porosity and pore size distribution of traditional supercapacitor electrode structures are difficult to optimize, resulting in low adsorption and diffusion efficiency of electrolyte ions, high interfacial resistance, and poor interfacial stability between the electrode and the electrolyte, which affects cycle stability and rate performance.
A supercapacitor electrode structure is designed, comprising a porous layer, an intermediate layer, and an electrolyte reservoir. The porous layer and the intermediate layer are tightly bonded together, and the electrolyte reservoir has a cavity. The intermediate layer is made of a conductive polymer material, and a buffer layer is located between the intermediate layers to ensure sufficient electrolyte supply and interface stability.
It significantly improves the contact area and transmission efficiency between the electrode and the electrolyte, reduces the interfacial resistance, enhances the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of the electrode, and extends the service life of the supercapacitor.
Smart Images
Figure CN224400234U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention provides an electrode structure, belonging to the field of supercapacitor technology, and particularly relates to an electrode structure for a supercapacitor. Background Technology
[0002] As a highly efficient energy storage device, the design of the electrode structure plays a crucial role in the performance of supercapacitors. Traditional electrode structures typically employ simple porous materials or a single conductive layer. While these designs can achieve some contact between the electrode and the electrolyte, they have significant shortcomings. On the one hand, the porosity and pore size distribution of traditional electrodes are difficult to optimize, resulting in low adsorption and diffusion efficiency of electrolyte ions, with the actual contact area being far smaller than the theoretical value, increasing interfacial resistance. On the other hand, the interfacial stability between the electrode and the electrolyte is poor, lacking an effective buffer layer to alleviate interfacial stress, easily leading to poor contact and performance degradation. Furthermore, electrolyte storage and supply also present problems; existing structures cannot ensure sufficient and uniform distribution of the electrolyte, affecting the cycle stability and rate performance of the supercapacitor. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an electrode structure for a supercapacitor that solves issues such as insufficient contact between the electrode and the electrolyte, low ion transport efficiency, and high interfacial resistance, thereby significantly improving the electrochemical performance and lifespan of the supercapacitor.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an electrode structure for a supercapacitor, comprising an electrode body, wherein a porous layer, an intermediate layer and an electrolyte reservoir are respectively provided on one side of the electrode body, the porous layer and the intermediate layer are tightly bonded together, the intermediate layer and the electrolyte reservoir are tightly bonded together, the porous layer has a plurality of interconnected pores, the electrolyte reservoir has a plurality of cavities for storing electrolyte, and the porous layer and the electrolyte reservoir are respectively located on both sides of the intermediate layer.
[0005] Preferably, the electrode body further includes a buffer layer, which is located between the intermediate layers and inside the electrolyte reservoir, and is in close contact with both; the diameter of the intermediate layer corresponds to the inner diameter of the electrolyte reservoir.
[0006] The inner side of the buffer layer is connected to the porous layer through a smaller diameter buffer layer. The intermediate layer is located on both sides of the electrolyte reservoir. The buffer layer and the porous layer are both located between the intermediate layers and inside the electrolyte reservoir.
[0007] Preferably, the porosity of the porous layer is not less than 50%, and the pore size ranges from 1 to 100 nm.
[0008] Preferably, the cavity volume of the electrolyte reservoir is 30%-40% of the total volume of the electrolyte reservoir.
[0009] Preferably, the intermediate layer is a conductive polymer layer.
[0010] Preferably, the electrode body is cylindrical, square, or other irregular in shape.
[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the electrode body is in the range of 0.1-10 mm.
[0012] Preferably, the porous layer, the intermediate layer, and the electrolyte reservoir are all made of conductive materials.
[0013] Preferably, a mounting housing is connected to the other side of the electrode body, and the mounting housing is in close contact with the electrode body.
[0014] Preferably, the mounting housing is made of a non-conductive polymer, and the thickness of the mounting housing ranges from 0.01 to 5 mm.
[0015] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
[0016] This device effectively solves the problem of uneven or insufficient interfacial contact between the electrode and the electrolyte through a carefully designed multi-layer structure. A porous layer, an intermediate layer, and an electrolyte reservoir are sequentially arranged on one side of the electrode body. The porous layer and the intermediate layer, as well as the intermediate layer and the electrolyte reservoir, are tightly bonded, with the porous layer and the electrolyte reservoir located on opposite sides of the intermediate layer. The porous layer contains multiple interconnected pores with a porosity of no less than 50% and a pore size range of 1-100 nm. This porous structure significantly increases the actual contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte, bringing the contact area closer to the theoretical value and effectively reducing the interfacial resistance. Simultaneously, the electrolyte reservoir contains multiple cavities for storing the electrolyte, with the cavity volume accounting for 30%-40% of its total volume. This ensures a sufficient and stable supply of electrolyte, preventing poor contact due to insufficient electrolyte. Furthermore, the intermediate layer is made of a conductive polymer material, which not only has excellent conductivity but also alleviates interfacial stress between the electrode and the electrolyte, improves interfacial stability, and optimizes electrode surface characteristics. This allows the electrolyte to spread and wet the electrode surface more easily, further enhancing the uniformity and sufficiency of contact. Thus, this device significantly improves the ion transport efficiency between the electrode and the electrolyte by increasing the contact area, ensuring electrolyte supply, and optimizing interfacial stability, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor.
[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be taught from the practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is an installation diagram of the main body of the electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to this utility model.
[0021] As shown in the figure:
[0022] 1. Electrode body; 11. Porous layer; 12. Intermediate layer; 13. Electrolyte reservoir; 14. Buffer layer;
[0023] 2. Install the outer casing. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0025] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.
[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein in the description of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0027] like Figure 1As shown, this design proposes an innovative supercapacitor electrode structure, the core of which lies in the multi-layer design of the electrode body 1, including a porous layer 11, an intermediate layer 12, and an electrolyte reservoir 13. The porous layer 11 contains multiple interconnected pores with a porosity of not less than 50% and a pore size range of 1-100 nm, providing ample adsorption and diffusion sites for electrolyte ions, while significantly increasing the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte and reducing the interfacial resistance. The intermediate layer 12 is made of a conductive polymer material, which not only possesses good conductivity but also alleviates interfacial stress between the electrode and the electrolyte, improving interfacial stability. The electrolyte reservoir 13 contains multiple cavities for storing electrolyte, with the cavity volume accounting for 30%-40% of the total volume, ensuring an ample supply of electrolyte. In addition, the electrode body 1 also includes a buffer layer 14, which is located between the intermediate layers 12 and is tightly bonded to the inner side of the electrolyte reservoir 13. Both the buffer layer 14 and the porous layer 11 are located between the intermediate layers 12 and inside the electrolyte reservoir 13, further optimizing the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the electrode. Overall, this electrode structure, through the synergistic effect of the porous layer and the electrolyte reservoir, improves ion transport efficiency, reduces ion diffusion resistance, enhances the mechanical strength of the electrode, and extends the service life of the supercapacitor.
[0028] In this embodiment, a mounting shell 2 is connected to the other side of the electrode body 1. The mounting shell 2 is made of non-conductive polymer material with a thickness ranging from 0.01 to 5 mm. It fits tightly against the electrode body 1, providing good protection and fixation for the electrode and ensuring its stability during use. The electrode body 1 can be designed in a cylindrical, square, or other irregular shape with a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm to adapt to the design requirements of different supercapacitors.
[0029] From the perspective of implementation key points and innovation, the beneficial effects of this multi-layer electrode structure are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, the high porosity and moderate pore size range of the porous layer 11 greatly increase the effective contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte, while providing efficient channels for the adsorption and diffusion of electrolyte ions, significantly reducing interfacial resistance and ion diffusion resistance, thereby improving the rate performance and charge / discharge efficiency of the supercapacitor. Second, the intermediate layer 12 is made of conductive polymer material, which not only has good conductivity but also effectively alleviates the interfacial stress between the electrode and the electrolyte, improves the stability and durability of the interface, reduces physical and chemical changes at the interface, and lowers the risk of poor interfacial contact. The cavity design of the electrolyte reservoir layer 13 ensures an adequate supply of electrolyte, maintains good contact between the electrode and the electrolyte, and improves the electrochemical performance and cycle stability of the supercapacitor. In addition, the introduction of the buffer layer 14 further optimizes the structural stability of the electrode, enabling it to better withstand external pressure and vibration during use, reducing electrode deformation and damage, and extending the service life of the supercapacitor.
[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the extended performance and application advantages of this electrode structure are reflected in several aspects. First, the electrode body 1 can be designed in cylindrical, square, or other irregular shapes, with a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm, to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Second, the porous layer 11, the intermediate layer 12, and the electrolyte reservoir layer 13 are all made of conductive materials, ensuring the conductivity and stability of the electrode. A mounting shell 2 is connected to the other side of the electrode body 1. The mounting shell 2 is made of a non-conductive polymer, with a thickness ranging from 0.01 to 5 mm, and fits tightly against the electrode body 1, providing good protection and fixation for the electrode. Furthermore, this electrode structure improves the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor, including energy density, power density, and cycle stability, by optimizing the contact interface between the electrode and the electrolyte. In practical applications, this electrode structure can significantly improve the charging and discharging efficiency of supercapacitors, shorten charging time, reduce self-discharge rate, and extend the service life of the device. Its unique three-layer structure design and porous characteristics give it broad application prospects in the field of high-performance energy storage, meeting the demands of modern electronic devices for rapid charging and discharging and high energy density.
[0031] In this implementation plan, the specific composition and common models of each component are as follows:
[0032] Electrode body 1
[0033] Shape and size: The electrode body 1 can be designed as cylindrical, square or other irregular shapes to meet the structural requirements of different supercapacitors. Its thickness ranges from 0.1 to 10 mm, with common thicknesses being 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, etc., which can be selected according to the actual application scenario and the capacitance requirements of the capacitor.
[0034] Material Selection: The material of electrode body 1 must have good conductivity and stability. Common conductive materials include, but are not limited to, the following:
[0035] Activated carbon: With its high specific surface area and good electrical conductivity, it is one of the commonly used electrode materials for supercapacitors. Its specific surface area can reach 1000-3000 m² / g, providing a large number of adsorption sites and improving the capacitance performance of the capacitor.
[0036] Metal oxides, such as ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) and manganese oxide (MnO2), have high electrical conductivity and good chemical stability, which can improve the conductivity and electrochemical performance of electrodes.
[0037] Conductive polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy), not only have good conductivity, but their electrochemical properties can also be adjusted by doping and other methods to improve the specific capacitance and cycle stability of the electrode.
[0038] Porous layer 11
[0039] Structure and parameters: The porous layer 11 contains multiple interconnected pores with a porosity of not less than 50% and a pore size range of 1-100 nm. Common porous materials include the following:
[0040] Activated carbon foam: It has high porosity and uniform pore size distribution, with pore size typically ranging from 10 to 50 nm, which can provide sufficient adsorption and diffusion sites for electrolyte ions.
[0041] Metal-organic framework materials (MOFs), such as ZIF-8 and UiO-66, have highly ordered porous structures and adjustable pore sizes, which can be precisely controlled within the range of 1-100 nm. These materials can effectively improve the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte and the ion transport efficiency.
[0042] Nanoporous carbon materials: Nanoporous carbon materials prepared by chemical etching or template method have high specific surface area and rich pore structure. The pore size range can cover micropores <2nm, mesopores 2-50nm and macropores >50nm, which can meet the needs of different electrolyte ion sizes.
[0043] Intermediate layer 12
[0044] Material and Function: The intermediate layer 12 is a conductive polymer layer. Common conductive polymers include polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh). These materials have the following characteristics:
[0045] High conductivity: The conductivity of conductive polymers can be adjusted by doping and other methods, and can generally reach 10⁻²-10²S / cm, which can effectively improve the electronic conduction performance of the electrode.
[0046] Good electrochemical stability: In common electrolyte systems, conductive polymers can maintain stable electrochemical performance, are not prone to redox reactions or decomposition, and extend the service life of electrodes.
[0047] Interface modification function: The intermediate layer 12 can modify and alter the electrode surface, improve the surface chemical properties and wettability of the electrode, and make it easier for the electrolyte to spread and wet the electrode surface, thereby improving the uniformity and sufficiency of the contact between the electrode and the electrolyte.
[0048] Electrolyte reservoir 13
[0049] Structure and Parameters: The electrolyte reservoir 13 contains multiple cavities for storing electrolyte, with the cavity volume accounting for 30%-40% of the total volume of the electrolyte reservoir 13. Common electrolyte reservoir materials include:
[0050] Porous ceramics, such as alumina (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), have good chemical stability and porous structure, which can effectively store electrolytes and maintain their stability.
[0051] Cellulose-based materials, such as cellulose sponges and cellulose foams, have high liquid absorption and good electrolyte retention capabilities, which can ensure the uniform distribution and sufficient supply of electrolyte in the electrode structure.
[0052] Polymer gels, such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), can form a gel network through cross-linking, which can absorb and store a large amount of electrolyte while maintaining a certain mechanical strength and stability.
[0053] Buffer layer 14
[0054] Structure and Function: The buffer layer 14 is located between the intermediate layers 12 and inside the electrolyte reservoir 13, in close contact with both. The inner side of the buffer layer 14 is connected to the porous layer 11 via a smaller diameter buffer layer 14. The intermediate layers 12 are located on both sides of the electrolyte reservoir 13. Both the buffer layer 14 and the porous layer 11 are located between the intermediate layers 12 and inside the electrolyte reservoir 13. Common materials for the buffer layer 14 include:
[0055] Elastic polymers, such as silicone rubber and polyurethane, have good elasticity and flexibility, which can alleviate the interfacial stress between the electrode and the electrolyte and reduce physical and chemical changes at the interface.
[0056] Nanocomposite materials: such as nano-silica SiO2 / polymer composites, nano-clay / polymer composites, etc. These materials combine the reinforcing effect of nanoparticles with the elastic properties of polymers, which can improve the mechanical strength and cushioning performance of buffer layer 14.
[0057] Mounting Casing 2
[0058] Material and Dimensions: The mounting housing 2 is made of a non-conductive polymer, such as polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or polyethylene terephthalate (PETG). These materials possess excellent insulation properties, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, providing effective protection for the electrode body 1. The thickness of the mounting housing 2 ranges from 0.01 to 5 mm, with common thicknesses including 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm, which can be selected according to the size and strength requirements of the capacitor.
[0059] In practical implementation, the parameters and materials of each component can be optimized and adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the best electrochemical performance and mechanical stability. For example, in high power density applications, the porosity of the porous layer 11 and the conductivity of the intermediate layer 12 can be appropriately increased to improve ion transport efficiency and electronic conduction performance; for long-life applications, more stable electrolyte reservoir 13 and buffer layer 14 materials can be selected to enhance the durability and reliability of the electrode structure.
[0060] It should be noted that existing supercapacitor manufacturing and installation technologies can be referenced during the implementation of this solution. During installation, the electrode body 1 is first installed into the supercapacitor housing, ensuring that the porous layer 11 of the electrode body 1 faces the electrolyte injection port so that the electrolyte can smoothly penetrate into the pores of the porous layer 11. Automated equipment or precision molds are used to position and fix the electrode body 1, ensuring a tight seal between the electrode body 1 and the housing to prevent electrolyte leakage. The mounting housing 2 is made of non-conductive polymer material, manufactured through injection molding or thermoforming processes, with its thickness controlled within the range of 0.01-5mm to provide sufficient mechanical strength and insulation performance. During the process of tightly fitting the mounting housing 2 to the electrode body 1, sealant or gaskets can be used to enhance the sealing effect and ensure the stability of the electrode body 1 during use.
[0061] In the manufacturing process of electrode body 1, the porous layer 11, intermediate layer 12, and electrolyte reservoir 13 can be achieved through common material synthesis and processing techniques. The porous layer 11 can be made of activated carbon, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), or nanoporous carbon materials, and prepared using methods such as chemical etching, template methods, or physical activation to achieve a porous structure with a porosity of not less than 50% and a pore size range of 1-100 nm. The conductive polymer material of the intermediate layer 12, such as polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (PPy), can be prepared through chemical polymerization or electrochemical polymerization methods, and its thickness can be controlled to ensure good conductivity and interfacial stability. The cavity design of the electrolyte reservoir 13 can be achieved through molding processes using porous ceramics, cellulose-based materials, or polymer gels, controlling the cavity volume to account for 30%-40% of the total volume. During the assembly of the supercapacitor, the electrode body 1 is combined with the electrolyte injection system. Electrolyte is fully filled into the cavity of the electrolyte reservoir 13 and the pores of the porous layer 11 through methods such as vacuum impregnation or pressure injection, ensuring sufficient contact between the electrolyte and the electrode. During the use of the supercapacitor, the electrolyte management system can monitor the electrolyte level and state in real time, replenishing or replacing it as needed to maintain good contact and electrochemical performance between the electrode and the electrolyte. Simultaneously, the supercapacitor management system can control and protect the capacitor's charging and discharging process, preventing overcharging and over-discharging and extending the capacitor's lifespan. This solution, by combining existing supercapacitor manufacturing technologies, material processing techniques, and electrolyte management technologies, forms a complete application solution, ensuring the performance and reliability of the electrode structure in practical applications.
[0062] In use, the porous layer 11 on the electrode body 1 is first brought into full contact with the electrolyte to ensure that the electrolyte can smoothly enter the pores of the porous layer 11. Due to the high porosity and suitable pore size range of the porous layer 11, electrolyte ions can be quickly adsorbed and diffused into the electrode interior, thereby significantly increasing the actual contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte and reducing the interfacial resistance. Next, the intermediate layer 12 acts as a buffer layer, which can effectively alleviate the interfacial stress between the electrode and the electrolyte, improve the interfacial stability, and optimize the electrode surface characteristics, making it easier for the electrolyte to spread and wet the electrode surface, further improving the uniformity and sufficiency of contact. The cavity in the electrolyte reservoir 13 stores the electrolyte, ensuring an adequate supply of electrolyte and avoiding poor contact due to insufficient electrolyte. During the charging and discharging process of the supercapacitor, electrolyte ions can quickly enter the electrode interior through the pores of the porous layer 11 for adsorption and desorption. The intermediate layer 12 promotes charge transfer and ion transport, and the electrolyte reservoir 13 continuously supplies electrolyte, which together ensures the efficient operation of the supercapacitor and significantly improves its electrochemical performance.
[0063] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims.
Claims
1. An electrode structure for a supercapacitor, characterized by, The electrode body (1) is provided with a porous layer (11), an intermediate layer (12) and an electrolyte storage layer (13) on one side respectively, the porous layer (11) is closely attached to the intermediate layer (12), the intermediate layer (12) is closely attached to the electrolyte storage layer (13), a plurality of intercommunicating pores are arranged in the porous layer (11), a plurality of cavities for storing electrolyte are arranged in the electrolyte storage layer (13), and the porous layer (11) and the electrolyte storage layer (13) are located on two sides of the intermediate layer (12) respectively. The electrode body (1) further comprises a buffer layer (14), the buffer layer (14) is located between the intermediate layer (12) and inside the electrolyte storage layer (13) and is closely attached to both of them, and the diameter of the intermediate layer (12) corresponds to the inner diameter of the electrolyte storage layer (13). The inside of the buffer layer (14) is connected to the porous layer (11) through a buffer layer (14) with a smaller diameter, the intermediate layer (12) is located on both sides of the electrolyte storage layer (13), and the buffer layer (14) and the porous layer (11) are located between the intermediate layer (12) and inside the electrolyte storage layer (13). The other side of the electrode body (1) is connected to a mounting shell (2), and the mounting shell (2) is closely attached to the electrode body (1).
2. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The porosity of the porous layer (11) is not less than 50%, and the pore size ranges from 1 to 100 nm.
3. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The cavity volume of the electrolyte storage layer (13) accounts for 30%-40% of the total volume of the electrolyte storage layer (13).
4. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The intermediate layer (12) is a conductive polymer layer.
5. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The shape of the electrode body (1) is cylindrical or square.
6. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the electrode body (1) ranges from 0.1 to 10 mm.
7. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The materials of the porous layer (11), the intermediate layer (12) and the electrolyte storage layer (13) are all conductive materials.
8. The electrode structure of a supercapacitor according to claim 1, wherein: The material of the mounting shell (2) is a non-conductive polymer, and the thickness of the mounting shell (2) ranges from 0.01 to 5 mm.