Bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of bulk grain unloading, and in particular to a bulk grain pneumatic unloader. The vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit in the pneumatic conveying structure can be extended and contracted as needed, and the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are used to drive the suction structure to move so as to transfer the bulk grain at various positions. The bulk grain is transported in a suspended state in the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, and at the same time, air is sucked into the vertical telescopic conveying unit along with the bulk grain, and the air-beam mixture is separated into gas and solid in the separation and dust removal structure, and the separated gas is re-sent to the gas source unit, and the solid bulk grain is transferred to the bulk grain receiving equipment through the unloading structure. The gas source unit is connected to the separation and dust removal structure to improve the effect of gas-solid separation and improve the dust removal efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of bulk grain ship unloading, in particular to a bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader. Background Art

[0002] The commonly used unloading equipment in the port bulk cargo loading and unloading system currently includes continuous ship unloaders such as pneumatic, chain bucket, bucket wheel, and entrainment. After the 1990s, my country put into production some small-scale continuous ship unloaders, which played an important role in the port bulk cargo loading and unloading process. my country's current technical conditions are limited, and there are some deficiencies in the design and manufacture of continuous ship unloaders. They need to be continuously transformed and improved to play their due value in the future production process. Although the 400t / h pneumatic ship unloaders in Guangzhou Port and Zhanjiang Port have been in operation for 25 and 19 years respectively. The unloader is large in size, heavy in tonnage, complex in structure, difficult to manufacture, high in noise, and high in energy consumption, which have always been the shortcomings that are difficult to overcome for pneumatic ship unloaders. The workload of each part is large, which greatly limits its large-scale use. Summary of the invention

[0003] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] (II) Technical solution

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader, which comprises: a suction structure, a pneumatic conveying structure, a separation and dust removal structure and a discharge structure which are sequentially arranged in the direction of bulk grain transportation; the suction structure is used to suck the bulk grain into the pneumatic conveying structure; the pneumatic conveying structure is used to convey the bulk grain into the separation and dust removal structure in a suspended state, and the separation and dust removal structure performs gas-solid separation of the bulk grain and a gas mixture; the discharge structure discharges the separated bulk grain; the pneumatic conveying structure comprises: a vertical telescopic conveying unit, a horizontal telescopic conveying unit and an air source unit, the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are sequentially arranged in the direction of material transportation, and the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are connected via a turning unit; the air source unit is connected to the tail end of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit; the air source unit is connected to the separation and dust removal structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, preferably, the suction structure includes: a suction nozzle, the suction nozzle includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are inner and outer connected, the inner cylinder and the lower end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit are fixedly connected, the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are connected to each other by an adjustable part, and the outer cylinder can slide relative to the inner cylinder along the axial direction.

[0008] In some embodiments, preferably, a screen is provided at the bottom opening of the outer cylinder, and a distance sensor and a level meter are provided at the outer edge of the outer cylinder.

[0009] In some embodiments, preferably, the vertical telescopic conveying unit includes: a first tube, the second tube and a first winding drive member, the first tube and the second tube are socketed, and the first winding drive member drives the second tube to slide along the axial direction of the first tube to shorten or lengthen the overlapping length between the first tube and the second tube.

[0010] In some embodiments, preferably, the first winding drive member includes: a first drum, a first drive motor and a first winding rope, the first winding rope is wound on the first drum, one end of the first winding rope is connected to the power output end of the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the second tube.

[0011] In some embodiments, preferably, the horizontal telescopic conveying unit comprises: a third tube, a fourth tube and a truss operating mechanism, the third tube and the fourth tube are slidably sleeved, and the fourth tube is connected to the turning unit;

[0012] The truss operating mechanism includes: a truss, a guide rail, a running trolley, a second winding drive member and a connecting member; the connecting member is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the fourth tube of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, respectively, and the connecting member is also fixedly connected to the running trolley; a guide rail is arranged at the bottom of the truss, and the running trolley slides on the guide rail under the drive of the second winding drive member.

[0013] In some embodiments, preferably, the second winding drive member includes: a second drum, a second drive motor and a second winding rope, and the second winding rope wound on the second drum also sequentially passes around the steering wheel on the truss and the running trolley.

[0014] In some embodiments, preferably, the separation and dust removal structure includes: an elbow, a separation cylinder, and an air duct; the elbow is connected to the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, and is used to introduce a mixture of bulk material and gas into the separation cylinder; the lower part of the separation cylinder is connected to the unloading structure; the upper end of the air duct extends to the upper part of the separation cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the air source unit; a back-blowing air port and a fan are provided at the upper part of the separation cylinder, the air outlet of the fan faces the back-blowing air port, and a muffler is provided at the air outlet.

[0015] In some embodiments, preferably, the pneumatic conveying structure is hinged to the separation and dust removal structure, and a hydraulic cylinder pitch structure is provided on the upper portion of the separation and dust removal structure, and a power output end of the hydraulic cylinder pitch structure is connected to the pneumatic conveying structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, preferably, a screen is provided in the separation cylinder.

[0017] In some embodiments, preferably, the bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader further comprises a mobile rotary structure, and the unloading structure is installed on the mobile rotary structure;

[0018] The movable rotary structure comprises: a movable door frame and a rotary structure; the rotary structure is arranged between the separation and dust removal structure and the movable door frame.

[0019] (III) Beneficial effects

[0020] The technical solution provided by the present invention, wherein the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit in the pneumatic conveying structure can be extended and contracted as needed, and the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are used to drive the suction structure to move so as to transfer the bulk grains at various positions. The bulk grains are transported in a suspended state in the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, and at the same time, the air is sucked into the vertical telescopic conveying unit along with the bulk grains, and the air-beam mixture is separated from the gas-solid in the separation and dust removal structure, and the separated gas is re-sent to the gas source unit, and the solid bulk grains are transferred to the bulk grain receiving equipment through the unloading structure. The gas source unit is connected to the separation and dust removal structure to improve the effect of gas-solid separation and improve the dust removal efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a separation and dust removal structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a truss in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a driving mode of a running vehicle in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of a movable door frame (partial position is cut away) in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a truss rotation working state in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the rotation range of a truss in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a nozzle structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction nozzle of the present invention when viewed from above.

[0030] In the figure:

[0031] 1 suction nozzle; 2 second tube; 3 first tube; 4 first winding drive member; 5 connecting member; 6 running trolley; 7 truss; 8 fourth tube; 9 third tube; 10 second winding drive member; 11 hydraulic cylinder pitch structure; 12 separation dust removal structure; 13 inclined tie rod; 14 air guide pipe; 15 air source unit; 16 moving door frame; 17 suspension frame; 18 sealing device; 19 support frame; 20 vertical tie rod; 21 connecting hose; 22 elbow; 23 back-blowing air port; 24 counterweight; 25 screw conveyor; 26 trolley running mechanism. 121 discharger; 122 conical chute; 123 truss connection seat; 124 elbow; 125 fan; 101 steering wheel; 103 second winding rope; 27 inner cylinder; 28 outer cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. "First", "second", "third" and "fourth" do not represent any sequence relationship, but are only distinguished for the convenience of description. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. "Current" refers to the moment when a certain action is performed. There are multiple currents in the text, all of which are recorded in real time as time passes.

[0034] Aiming at the problem of high energy consumption of current bulk grain ship unloaders, the present invention provides a bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader.

[0035] The following will describe the products, methods, etc. in detail through basic design, extended design and replacement design.

[0036] The total amount of bulk grain transported by sea in my country is increasing. In order to meet the demand of ports for large-scale ship unloading equipment, a new type of pneumatic bulk grain ship unloader has been designed. A multi-objective optimization model is established to design the main parameters of the ship unloader, so as to determine the space and size required for the normal operation of the whole set of equipment, which can better adapt to the port facilities and ship type standards; by calculating the pressure loss of the vacuum suction system, the basic parameters of the pneumatic conveying process are obtained, and the selection and design of special equipment such as pipelines (i.e. pneumatic conveying structure), separation and dust removal structure, unloading structure, vacuum pump, etc. are completed; a modular approach is adopted to realize the research and development of the overall structure and key components of the ship unloader; considering various loads, a mechanical model is established, and the forces of the pneumatic conveying structure, the traction mechanism of the running trolley, the hydraulic cylinder pitching mechanism (including the hydraulic cylinder pitching structure), and the slewing mechanism are calculated; the key components are statically analyzed, and the corresponding stress cloud diagrams and strain cloud diagrams are obtained, and the corresponding verification is completed, and the component structure is improved. It has great reference value for the manufacturing and production of new pneumatic ship unloaders.

[0037] The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader, such as Figure 1-7 As shown, it mainly includes: a suction structure, a pneumatic conveying structure, a separation and dust removal structure 12 and a discharge structure which are arranged in sequence in the direction of bulk grain transportation; the suction structure is used to suck the bulk grain into the conveying structure; the pneumatic conveying structure is used to convey the bulk grain into the separation and dust removal structure 12 in a suspended state, and the separation and dust removal structure 12 is used to mix the bulk grain and gas after gas-solid separation; the discharge structure discharges the separated bulk grain; the pneumatic conveying structure includes: a vertical telescopic conveying unit, a horizontal telescopic conveying unit and an air source unit 15, and the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are connected by a turning unit; the air source unit 15 is connected to the tail end of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit; the air source unit 15 is connected to the separation and dust removal structure 12.

[0038] The suction structure, pneumatic conveying structure, separation and dust removal structure 12 and unloading structure are distinguished by function. The pneumatic ship unloader generates a pressure difference inside and outside the pipeline of the gas conveying structure through the air source unit 15 (such as a fan 125 or a vacuum pump). Under the action of the pressure difference, a negative pressure airflow is formed in the pipeline, and the bulk grain and part of the gas enter the conveying pipeline through the suction nozzle 1 at the same time, and then are transported to the shore conveyor. The suction structure is generally a suction nozzle 1, and the air source unit 15 (such as a water ring vacuum pump as a pumping device) is installed in the rear end box of the pneumatic ship unloader. When the air source unit 15 is in operation, the entire system creates negative pressure inside and outside the pipeline. The airflow carries the bulk material through the pneumatic conveying structure to the separation and dust removal structure 12. After separation, the airflow is separated from the material (or bulk material) particles. The separated material slides down through the inclined pipe wall (such as a conical chute) to the bottom of the separator and enters the rotary discharger 121. Under the circulation of the blades, the material is discharged out of the tube; and the airflow carrying dust is filtered and flows to the air source unit 15, and is discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the muffler configured in the system.

[0039] like Figure 8 and 9 As shown, the suction structure includes: a suction nozzle 1, which includes an inner cylinder 27 and an outer cylinder 28, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are connected in an inner and outer manner, the inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit, the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are connected to each other through an adjustable part, and the outer cylinder can slide relative to the inner cylinder along the axial direction. The suction nozzle can completely reach all parts of the cabin, which is mainly achieved by the hydraulic cylinder pitch mechanism, the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, the slewing mechanism of the unloading structure and the mobile gantry walking mechanism.

[0040] The suction structure is the structure closest to the material in the ship. The suction structure of the pneumatic ship unloader mainly includes a suction nozzle 1, which is used to suck the accumulated material. The suction structure is a device used by the pneumatic bulk grain ship unloader to enter the material layer in the ship cabin to absorb the bulk grain particles. It is crucial to the conveying capacity and working effect of the suction system. The structure of the suction nozzle 1 itself has a great influence on the pressure loss and energy consumption of its pneumatic conveying system. When the conveying pipeline of the ship unloader is in operation, the suction nozzle 1 enters the material layer too shallowly, and the bottom port of the suction nozzle 1 is partially exposed, so that the suction nozzle 1 cannot feed uniformly, the supplementary air flow speed is reduced, and the material acceleration is insufficient; the suction nozzle 1 is buried too deep, causing the water ring vacuum pump to overload, and the pumping system of the ship unloader stops sucking, which will reduce the operating efficiency and service life of the entire equipment. For different materials, their density and particle size are quite different, and the force conditions in the air flow are different. Under normal circumstances, the depth of the suction nozzle 1 in the material layer is between 200 and 500 mm.

[0041] For the effect of sucking materials from the pile, the suction nozzle is composed of an inner and outer cylinder. The outer cylinder can realize the up and down movement of the inner and outer cylinders through the upper adjusting bolt and the middle fixing bolt, so that the end surface gap between the inner and outer cylinders can be adjusted. When the suction and delivery device is working, the inner cylinder of the suction nozzle 1 inserted into the pile to an appropriate depth has a certain vacuum degree. Under the action of the pressure difference, the air enters the inner cylinder of the suction nozzle 1 through the grid through two paths. A part of it loosens the materials accumulated in the cabin through the material layer and carries the material particles into the inner cylinder through the lower pipe mouth. This part is called conveying air; the other part enters the inner cylinder through the annular gap between the inner and outer pipes. This part of air is called supplementary air. The role of supplementary air is to help accelerate the transported material particles and adjust the conveying wind speed of the inner cylinder. Two pairs of material level meters are symmetrically arranged around the outer cylinder of the device. The inductive sensor arranged on the outer edge of the suction nozzle 1 can detect its distance from the metal bulkhead; the material level meter is divided into an upper material level meter and a lower material level meter. The upper and lower material level meters work at the same time to detect the depth of the suction nozzle 1 buried in the material. This is the preliminary work to realize the adaptive suction control of suction nozzle 1 by PLC. A screen is set at the bottom of the outer cylinder, and a distance sensor and a material level meter are set at the outer edge of the outer cylinder. The suction nozzle can achieve the effects of high output, small pressure loss, fast acceleration, small resistance, easy insertion into the material layer, and simple structure.

[0042] For large pneumatic ship unloaders, it is often required to install vertical telescopic conveying units and horizontal telescopic conveying units in the plastic pipe system, so that the suction nozzle 1 can adapt to the changes of different ship types and different cabin depths and flexibly move to any position in the cabin. The sliding tube type pipeline can be extended and contracted to a large extent. The main body of the pipeline is a long outer sliding tube, and an inner sliding tube of the same length is set inside the tube. There is a sliding self-pressurized sealing ring between the inner and outer sliding tubes to ensure that the medium in the pipeline does not leak and prevent dust or materials from entering the annular space between the inner and outer tubes to hinder expansion and contraction. In general, the expansion and contraction speed range of the pipeline expansion and contraction system is: 4~8m / min.

[0043] The pneumatic conveying structure includes a vertical telescopic conveying unit and a horizontal telescopic conveying unit, which enables the suction nozzle to adapt to the changes of different ship types and different cabin depths and move flexibly to any position in the cabin to achieve the shortest conveying distance and maintain a rational working state.

[0044] The vertical telescopic conveying unit includes: a first tube 3, a second tube 2 and a first winding driving member 4. The first tube 3 and the second tube 2 are sleeved. The first winding driving member 4 drives the second tube 2 to slide along the axial direction of the first tube 3 to shorten or lengthen the overlapping distance between the first tube 3 and the second tube 2. A sealing device 18 is provided at the sleeve connection point of the first tube 3 and the second tube 2. The sealing device 18 is provided at the lower end of the first tube 3, and the sealing device is tightly sleeved with the second tube 2.

[0045] The first winding drive member 4 includes: a first drum, a first drive motor and a first winding rope, the first winding rope is wound on the first drum, one end of the first winding rope is connected to the power output end of the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the second tube 2. The first winding drive member 4 is arranged on a support frame 19, and the support frame 19 is fixedly connected to the connecting member 5 through a vertical pull rod 20.

[0046] In the pipeline of the vertical telescopic conveying unit, the aerodynamic force determines the suspension state of the material in the pipeline and the conveying speed. The aerodynamic force and the gravity of the bulk grain particles are on the same vertical line, but in opposite directions. Therefore, as long as the aerodynamic force of the material particles is greater than the floating weight, the bulk grain can be pneumatically conveyed. However, since the material is in a turbulent airflow, the particles are subject to radial forces. Due to the irregularity of the particles themselves, the collision and friction between the particles and the inner wall of the pipeline, and the Magnus effect caused by the rotation of the particles, the particles are subject to forces other than the vertical force, which ultimately causes the material to rise in an irregular curve in the vertical telescopic conveying unit.

[0047] The horizontal telescopic conveying unit includes: a third tube 9, a fourth tube 8 and a truss 7 operating mechanism. The third tube 9 and the fourth tube 8 are slidably connected, and the fourth tube 8 is connected to the turning unit. A sealing structure is also required at the contact point between the third tube and the fourth tube.

[0048] The operating mechanism of the truss 7 includes: a truss 7, a guide rail, a running trolley 6, a second winding drive member 10 and a connecting member 5; the connecting member 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the fourth pipe 8 of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, respectively, and the connecting member 5 is also fixedly connected to the running trolley 6; a guide rail is arranged at the bottom of the truss 7, and the running trolley 6 slides on the guide rail under the drive of the second winding drive member 10. The second winding drive member 10 is arranged on a bracket 102, and the bracket 102 is arranged on the truss 7. The trolley operating mechanism of the pneumatic bulk grain unloader is mainly used to move the horizontal telescopic pipe or adjust the position of the vertical pipe section suction nozzle 1 in the cabin, and transfer these loads to the operating track while bearing the corresponding loads. The operating mechanism of the pneumatic bulk grain unloader consists of a traction trolley, drive and safety devices, etc. The telescopic function of the horizontal conveying pipeline is realized by the operation of the traction trolley. The mechanism can install the driving drum and the traveling parts in different places. The operating drive device is installed on the part of the truss 7 close to the unloading and dust removal device. The operating drive is realized by the traction of the wire rope of the winding system. The traction type operating mechanism has the characteristics of relatively light weight of the operating part and the operating driving force is not limited by friction. The trolley wheels are both the supporting and guiding components of the system operation and the working devices to realize the movement of the system. The tread of the wheel not only plays a supporting role, but also transmits a large load. The contact between the tread of the wheel, the wheel rim and the track enables the operating trolley 6 to move forward smoothly.

[0049] The second winding drive member 10 comprises: a second drum, a second driving motor and a second winding rope 103. The second winding rope 103 wound on the second drum also passes around the steering wheel 101 and the running trolley 6 on the truss 7 in sequence.

[0050] In the pipeline of the horizontal telescopic conveying structure, the material particles are affected by gravity while moving in the horizontal direction. Although the particles in the actual pneumatic conveying device still maintain a suspended state in the pipeline at certain stages, the aerodynamic force does not play a direct role in this, and the material particles can still be normally suspended and transported in the horizontal pipeline. Therefore, there is a force perpendicular to the direction of material movement in the pipeline, which is the lift or buoyancy of the material suspension. It is generally believed that in the horizontal pipeline, the material particles are affected by various lift forces in addition to the aerodynamic force in the horizontal direction. As a result of the combined action of these forces, the particles are constantly suspended in the horizontal airflow, and the greater the airflow conveying speed in the horizontal pipeline, the more conducive it is to the transportation of bulk grain, but at the same time, the energy consumption also increases. Therefore, the safe transportation of bulk grain particles in the horizontal pipeline requires a higher energy consumption. Therefore, the shortest horizontal pipe section should be selected as much as possible when designing the pneumatic conveying device. At the same time, the movement trajectory of the bulk grain particles in the horizontal conveying pipe is not a straight line, but an irregular curve where the particles are suspended and settled alternately.

[0051] For pneumatic conveying of bulk solid materials, the most basic physical parameters of the movement of material particles in the air flow include settling velocity and suspension velocity. Under the combined action of gravity and buoyancy, bulk grain particles fall. The greater the falling velocity, the greater the air resistance encountered. When the falling velocity reaches a certain value, the particles reach a force balance under the action of gravity, buoyancy and air resistance, and the particles maintain the original falling speed. This speed is called the settling velocity. When the air flow velocity is low, the particles will fall; when the air flow velocity is high, the particles will rise; when the air flow velocity is equal to the settling velocity, the particle movement speed is 0 and it will remain suspended. The air flow velocity at this time is the suspension velocity of the particle. The main physical characteristic of the pneumatic conveying system is the suspension velocity, and its value is related to factors such as the bulk density, particle size, and particle shape of the material.

[0052] The first pipe 3, the second pipe 2, the third pipe 9, the fourth pipe 8 and other conveying pipes mentioned above are made of seamless steel pipes. Attention should be paid to the thickness of the pipe wall. The pipe wall should not be too thin, otherwise, when the pneumatic suction system is working, the pipe may be sucked flat. A connecting hose 21 and a bend pipe 22 are arranged in sequence between the first pipe 3 to the fourth pipe 8. For large pneumatic ship unloaders, a vertical telescopic conveying unit and a horizontal telescopic conveying unit are installed in the pneumatic conveying structure, so that the suction nozzle 1 can adapt to the changes of different ship types and different cabin depths and flexibly move to any position in the cabin, so that the conveying pipe can maintain the shortest conveying distance and maintain a rational working state.

[0053] The energy in the pneumatic conveying structure comes from the air source unit 15. The pump structure of the air source unit is arranged in the box, and the air pipe is connected to the horizontal telescopic unit. The air source unit 15 can not only supply the gas energy matching the pneumatic conveying system, but also ensure the long-term stable and efficient operation of the pneumatic conveying system. The air source unit 15 uses a rotary cylinder. The rotary type uses the rotor to make a rotary motion in the cylinder to achieve the periodic change of the working volume to achieve the gas pressurization and conveying work. When the air pressure changes, the flow rate of the volumetric air source equipment generally changes less, which is very beneficial for pneumatic conveying.

[0054] The main parameters of the pneumatic conveying system include mixing ratio, conveying air velocity, conveying air volume, conveying pipe inner diameter, system total pressure loss, vacuum pump pressure loss and power. Among them, the mixing ratio refers to the ratio of the material conveyed by the conveying system per unit time to the volume of gas required for conveying. The mixing ratio range of low vacuum suction conveying device is 1~10, and that of high vacuum suction conveying device is 10~40.

[0055] Normally, the wind speed of the pneumatic conveying system should be selected according to the suspension speed of the material. During transportation, for materials with uniform particle size, the speed of the airflow inside the conveying pipeline should be 1.5~2.5 times the suspension speed of the corresponding bulk grain particles; in most cases, it is difficult for the particle size of bulk grain particles to form uniform materials. If the wind speed of the conveying system is determined based on the suspension speed of the largest or smallest particle size in the particle group, the conveying speed will be too high or too low, which is not conducive to the grain unloading process. Practice has proved that since the speed of small particles is higher than that of large particles, the small particle flow rushes against the large particles during transportation. Therefore, taking an air flow speed that is one degree higher than the suspension speed of the largest particle that accounts for the largest proportion of the particle size distribution can basically ensure the normal transportation of materials.

[0056] The pressure loss of a pneumatic conveying system is not only related to the conveying air velocity, but also to the physical properties of the material itself. For materials with roughly the same bulk density and surface roughness, the wider the particle size distribution, the greater the pressure loss. When the particles are of different sizes, their speed, collision times, acceleration and other movement conditions are different. Particle collisions will lose some of the kinetic energy of the particles. In addition, the vortex generated behind the large-sized particles may also involve the small-sized particles, making the particle movement more irregular and increasing the pressure loss.

[0057] The separation and dust removal structure 12 includes: an elbow 124, a separation cylinder, and an air guide 14; the elbow 124 is connected to the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, and is used to introduce a mixture of bulk materials and gas into the separation cylinder; the lower part of the separation cylinder is connected to the discharge structure; the upper end of the air guide 14 extends to the upper part of the separation cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the gas source unit 15; the upper part of the separation cylinder is provided with a back-blowing air port 23 and a fan 125, the air outlet of the fan 125 faces the back-blowing air port, and a muffler is provided at the air outlet. The curvature radius of the elbow 22 is designed according to the throwing trajectory of the gas-solid two-phase flow in the cylinder of the combined equipment, and the traditional elbow form is modified, and a screen is installed on the corresponding frame, which not only separates the material by inertia, but also screens the material. The separation effect is more obvious. The upper part of the separation cylinder is fixed to the counterweight block 24 at the lower part of the separation cylinder by the inclined tie rod 13.

[0058] The separation and dust removal structure 12 in the pneumatic ship unloader is a combined device, which is connected to the truss through a truss connector 123. The main function of the separator is to separate the bulk material from the gas-solid two-phase flow. In essence, the separator and the dust collector are the same equipment. The separator is mainly used to separate the large particles in the mixture, while the dust collector is mainly used to recover the dust to achieve the purpose of purifying the gas. Compared with the existing structure, the separation-dust removal combination structure saves a set of transmission mechanisms, air ducts and other equipment. Practice shows that the reduced air leakage can usually reach 3%~4% of the air volume of the fan 125, which is beneficial to improve the productivity of the device and reduce energy consumption. For the separation-dust removal combination structure, the pneumatic bulk grain ship unloader adopts a combination of a volumetric separator and a centrifugal dust collector.

[0059] The pneumatic conveying structure is hinged to the separation and dust removal structure 12, and a hydraulic cylinder pitching structure is arranged on the upper part of the separation and dust removal structure 12, and the power output end of the hydraulic cylinder pitching structure is connected to the pneumatic conveying structure. The pitching action of the pneumatic bulk grain unloader can be realized by the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic cylinder, such as Figure 6 , 7As shown. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the truss 7 of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit, and the other end is connected to the cylinder of the separation dust collector. When the hydraulic cylinder is under load, the inclined rod 13 on the right side of the cylinder generates tension, and the force on the cylinder tends to be balanced. The hydraulic cylinder is used to control the movement of the pitch mechanism. Compared with other types of transmissions, the hydraulic transmission still maintains a smaller volume and weight when achieving the same power. In addition to being able to achieve stepless speed regulation, it also has a larger speed regulation range and is very stable in operation. Generally, a safety valve is installed, which can also easily achieve overload protection and can effectively buffer impact and vibration. The hydraulic transmission is flexible in operation, quick in response, and easy to operate. It can transmit complex motion forms even in a small space, which is conducive to realizing automatic control. Especially when it is composed of an electro-hydraulic composite system with an electrical control system, the above advantages are more obvious. The main parameters of the pneumatic ship unloader must meet all the requirements of the ship unloading operation. When the pitch mechanism is at its highest working condition, the vertical telescopic conveying unit can safely enter and exit the hatch without collision; the angle of the vertical telescopic conveying unit entering and exiting the cabin should not exceed the allowable value in the non-working state; the suction nozzle 1 of the vertical telescopic conveying unit still has the ability to perform cabin cleaning operations when the material depth is low; the depth of the vertical telescopic conveying unit entering the material should not exceed the maximum allowable value; the telescopic stroke of the vertical telescopic conveying unit should be controlled within the allowable range; the horizontal telescopic conveying unit should not collide with the hatch and the ship's side when the bulk carrier is at the lowest draft depth; the vertical telescopic conveying unit should avoid colliding with the inner wall of the hatch during the telescopic process of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit; the hinge position of the truss 7 should meet the stability of the pneumatic ship unloader and the wheel pressure requirements of the gantry travel mechanism. The basic parameters in the above constraints include the height of the hatch, the highest material height and the lowest material height.

[0060] The pneumatic conveying ship unloader also includes a mobile rotary structure, and the unloading structure is installed on the mobile rotary structure; the mobile rotary structure includes: a mobile gantry 16, a trolley running mechanism 26, a vibrating unloader 121, a screw conveyor 25, a suspension frame 17 and a rotary structure; the rotary structure is arranged between the separation and dust removal structure 12 and the mobile gantry 16. The trolley running mechanism 26 is arranged at the bottom of the mobile gantry 16.

[0061] The working process of the bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader is as follows: after the dry bulk cargo ship enters the port terminal and docks, the unloading operation begins. The hydraulic cylinder pitching mechanism first lifts the conveying pipeline to a certain height, then starts the water ring vacuum pump, and the vertical section pipeline lifting device and the horizontal section telescopic device work together. The pitching mechanism buries the suction nozzle feeding device in the bulk grain, and the unloading work begins. In the process of unloading grain, the vertical pipe section feeding device can reach various positions in the cabin by the movement of the mobile gantry 16, the rotation of the turntable and the action of the pitching mechanism, so as to ensure that the materials are continuously and efficiently transported in the pneumatic conveying system of the ship unloader with a high unloading efficiency. Under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pipeline, the materials in the cabin converge from all sides to the middle of the pipeline, mix with the air and then accelerate, and are lifted to the bend 22 through the vertical pipe section. The gas-solid two-phase flow turns and enters the horizontal conveying pipeline. The bulk grain is brought to the dust removal and separation device by the airflow, and the bulk grain is thrown out along the curved screen by the inertial force. The bulk grain passes through the guide trough (such as the conical chute 122) to the unloader 121, and the screw conveyor 25 is set on the suspension frame, which is installed on the movable gantry 16. Then, due to gravity, it enters the dock receiving device under the turntable of the ship unloader through the chute. When the bulk grain in the cabin has been basically unloaded, the rotary device is turned on to make the suction nozzle 1 move back and forth in the cabin, and at the same time, accompanied by the spatial movement of the main body, the bottom of the ship is cleared until the unloading of grain is completed.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader, characterized in that: include: A material suction structure, a pneumatic conveying structure, a separation and dust removal structure and a material discharge structure are sequentially arranged in the direction of bulk grain transportation; The suction structure is used to suck the bulk grain into the pneumatic conveying structure; the pneumatic conveying structure is used to send the bulk grain into the separation and dust removal structure in a suspended state, and the separation and dust removal structure performs gas-solid separation of the bulk grain and gas mixture; The unloading structure unloads the separated bulk grain; The material suction structure comprises: a suction nozzle, the suction nozzle comprises an inner tube and an outer tube, and the inner tube and the outer tube are connected inside and outside; the pneumatic conveying structure comprises: a vertical telescopic conveying unit, a horizontal telescopic conveying unit and an air source unit, the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are arranged in sequence in the material conveying direction, the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit are connected by a turning unit, the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the horizontal telescopic conveying unit adjust the depth of the suction nozzle in the material layer, so that the suction nozzle can adapt to the changes of different ship types and different cabin depths and move flexibly to any position in the cabin; the air source unit is connected to the tail end of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit; the air source unit generates a pressure difference inside and outside the pipeline of the gas conveying structure, and under the action of the pressure difference, a negative pressure airflow is formed in the pipeline; The vertical telescopic conveying unit comprises: a first tube, a second tube and a first winding driving member, the first tube and the second tube are sleeved, and the first winding driving member drives the second tube to slide along the axial direction of the first tube to shorten or lengthen the overlapping length between the first tube and the second tube; the horizontal telescopic conveying unit comprises: a third tube, a fourth tube and a truss operating mechanism, the third tube and the fourth tube are slidably sleeved, the fourth tube is connected to the turning unit, and the truss operating mechanism comprises: a truss, a guide rail, a running trolley, a second winding driving member and a connecting member; the first winding driving member is arranged on a support frame, and the support frame is fixedly connected to the connecting member through a vertical pull rod; The outer cylinder of the suction structure realizes the up and down movement of the inner and outer cylinders through the adjusting bolts at the upper end and the fixing bolts at the middle part, adjusts the end surface gap between the inner and outer cylinders, and adjusts the depth of the suction nozzle in the material layer between 200 and 500 mm; and forms a flow for air to enter the inner cylinder through the lower pipe opening carrying material particles for air flow transportation; and the air entering the inner cylinder through the annular gap between the inner and outer tubes is used for supplementation to accelerate the transported material particles and adjust the conveying wind speed of the inner cylinder; The air source unit is connected to the separation and dust removal structure.

2. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit, the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are connected to each other via an adjustable member, and the outer cylinder can slide relative to the inner cylinder along the axial direction.

3. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 2, characterized in that: A screen is arranged at the bottom opening of the outer cylinder, and a distance sensor and a material level meter are arranged at the outer edge of the outer cylinder.

4. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first winding drive member includes: a first drum, a first driving motor and a first winding rope, the first winding rope is wound on the first drum, one end of the first winding rope is connected to the power output end of the driving motor, and the other end is connected to the second tube.

5. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member is fixedly connected to the upper end of the vertical telescopic conveying unit and the fourth tube of the horizontal telescopic conveying unit respectively, and the connecting member is also fixedly connected to the running trolley; a guide rail is arranged at the bottom of the truss, and the running trolley slides on the guide rail under the drive of the second winding driving member.

6. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second winding drive member includes: a second drum, a second driving motor and a second winding rope. The second winding rope wound on the second drum also sequentially passes around the steering wheel on the truss and the running trolley.

7. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The separation and dust removal structure comprises: an elbow, a separation cylinder, and an air guide pipe; the elbow is connected to the horizontal telescopic conveying unit and is used to introduce a mixture of bulk material and gas into the separation cylinder; the lower part of the separation cylinder is connected to the unloading structure; the upper end of the air guide pipe extends to the upper part of the separation cylinder, and the lower end is connected to the gas source unit; A back-blowing air port and a fan are arranged on the upper part of the separation cylinder, the air outlet of the fan faces the back-blowing air port, and a muffler is arranged at the air outlet.

8. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pneumatic conveying structure is hinged to the separation and dust removal structure, and a hydraulic cylinder pitching structure is arranged on the upper part of the separation and dust removal structure, and the power output end of the hydraulic cylinder pitching structure is connected to the pneumatic conveying structure; And / or, a screen is arranged in the separation cylinder.

9. The bulk grain pneumatic ship unloader according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a mobile rotary structure, and the unloading structure is installed on the mobile rotary structure; The movable rotary structure comprises: a movable door frame and a rotary structure; the rotary structure is arranged between the separation and dust removal structure and the movable door frame.

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