A gear shifting mechanism, a power system, and an electric vehicle

Abstract

This invention provides a gear shifting mechanism, a power system, and an electric vehicle. The gear shifting mechanism is applied to a transmission mechanism and includes: a gear shifting unit, which includes a gear shifting motor, a gear reduction mechanism, a gear shift finger, a gear shift fork shaft, and a shift fork connected to the gear shift fork shaft; the gear shifting motor is connected to the gear shift finger via a spur gear reduction mechanism to drive the gear shift finger to circumferentially swing; the gear shift finger is connected to the gear shift fork shaft to drive the gear shift fork shaft to reciprocate along its own axial direction; the shift fork is used to connect with the engagement sleeve of the transmission mechanism. During gear shifting, when the inner teeth of the engagement sleeve collide with or break against the outer teeth of the engagement gear ring of the transmission mechanism, the reaction force is transmitted to the gear shifting motor through the gear reduction mechanism, causing the gear shifting motor to reverse and return to the neutral position. During gear shifting, after the engagement sleeve and engagement gear ring collide with or break against the outer teeth, the gear shifting motor can reverse, avoiding damage to the engagement teeth and extending the service life of the transmission mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of automobile manufacturing, and in particular to a gear shifting mechanism, a power system and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, the electric vehicle gearbox adopts a structure without synchronizer and clutch. By controlling the rotation speed of the drive motor, the input shaft and the output shaft are synchronized. When the speeds are synchronized, the engagement sleeve approaches the engagement ring gear. When the engagement sleeve engages with the engagement ring gear, the input shaft and the output shaft rotate synchronously, thereby transmitting the power of the drive motor to the drive wheel.

[0003] Since the gearbox adopts a clutchless and synchronizerless structure, there is a problem of top teeth during the gear shifting process. The gear shifting mechanism adapted to the gearbox adopts a worm gear structure. Therefore, when the gearbox shifts, the top tooth problem occurs because the worm gear is locked, thereby damaging the gearbox engagement teeth. Summary of the invention

[0004] The objectives of the present invention include, for example, providing a shift mechanism, a power system and an electric vehicle, which can reverse the shift motor when a top tooth or a stuck tooth appears during the shift process to avoid damage to the engagement teeth of the gearbox and extend the service life of the gearbox.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shift mechanism, which is applied to a transmission mechanism without a synchronizer and a clutch, and includes:

[0007] The shift unit includes a shift motor, a gear reduction mechanism, a shift finger, a shift fork shaft and a shift fork connected to the shift fork shaft; the shift motor is connected to the shift finger through the gear reduction mechanism, and is used to drive the shift finger to swing in a circumferential direction; the shift finger is connected to the shift fork shaft to drive the shift fork shaft to reciprocate along its own axial direction; the shift fork is used to connect with the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism, and during the shifting process, when the inner teeth of the engagement sleeve hit the outer teeth of the engagement gear ring of the speed change mechanism or hit the teeth, the reaction force will be transmitted to the shift motor through the gear reduction mechanism, so that the shift motor will reverse and return to the neutral position after being blocked.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the gear reduction mechanism is configured as a spur gear reduction mechanism.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism is set to a range of: 8≤I≤12.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism is set to 10.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the number of the shifting units is set to two.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the gear reduction mechanism includes a driving gear connected to the motor shaft of the shift motor, a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear arranged coaxially, and a shift gear connected to the shift finger, the driving gear meshes with the first transmission gear, and the second transmission gear meshes with the shift gear.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the two shift fingers of the two shift units are coaxially arranged.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the shift mechanism also includes a housing and a locking assembly, the shift unit is connected to the housing, and the locking assembly is connected to the shift fork shaft and the housing to prevent the shift fork shaft from moving along its own axial direction and disengaging after the gear is engaged.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power system, the power system comprising:

[0016] The speed change mechanism and the shift mechanism as in any one of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein the shift fork of the shift mechanism is connected to the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism.

[0017] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle comprising:

[0018] A shift mechanism as in any one of the aforementioned embodiments or a power system as in any of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention include, for example:

[0020] In summary, this embodiment provides a shift mechanism, wherein the shift motor is connected to the shift finger through a gear reduction mechanism, the shift finger is connected to the shift fork shaft, the shift fork shaft is connected to the shift fork, and the shift fork is used to connect to the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism. When shifting is required, the shift motor is started, and the torque is transmitted to the shift finger through the gear reduction mechanism, and the shift finger swings in a set direction, driving the shift fork shaft to move along its own axis, and then driving the shift fork to move together, and the movement of the shift fork drives the engagement sleeve to move toward the corresponding engagement gear ring, and the engagement sleeve engages with the engagement gear ring to achieve shifting. When the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring hit or get stuck during the gear shifting process, a top tooth force will be generated. The top tooth force hinders the engagement of the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring, and has a tendency to move the coupling sleeve away from the engagement gear ring. Since the gear shifting motor transmits torque to the shift fork through the gear reduction mechanism, after the coupling sleeve is subjected to the top tooth force, the coupling sleeve can move away from the engagement gear ring, and drive the shift fork shaft to move in the opposite direction, eventually causing the gear shifting motor to reverse after being blocked. After the gear shifting motor reverses, the top tooth force can be offset, thus avoiding damage to the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring, reducing the risk of damage to the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring, and extending the service life of the speed change mechanism.

[0021] The power system provided in this embodiment includes the gear shifting mechanism mentioned in the above embodiment and has all the advantages of the gear shifting mechanism.

[0022] The electric vehicle provided in this embodiment includes the power system or the shift mechanism mentioned in the above embodiments, and has all the advantages of the shift mechanism or the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shift mechanism provided in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the disassembled casing of the shift mechanism provided in this embodiment.

[0026] Icons: 001-shift mechanism; 100-shift motor; 200-gear reduction mechanism; 210-driving gear; 220-driving shaft; 230-driven shaft; 240-first transmission gear; 250-second transmission gear; 260-shift gear; 300-shift finger; 310-finger shaft; 400-housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear to indicate an orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] In addition, the terms “first”, “second”, etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish between the descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present embodiment provides a shift mechanism 001, which is applied to a transmission mechanism without a synchronizer and a clutch to assist in shifting. During the shifting process, if the coupling sleeve and the coupling gear ring of the transmission mechanism have top teeth or tooth collision, the shift motor 100 can be reversed to avoid damage to the coupling sleeve and the coupling gear ring and extend the service life of the transmission mechanism.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The shift mechanism 001 provided in this embodiment includes a shift unit, which includes a shift motor 100, a gear reduction mechanism 200, a shift finger 300, a shift fork shaft with a groove (not shown in the figure), and a shift fork (not shown in the figure) connected to the shift fork shaft; the shift motor 100 is connected to the shift finger 300 through a spur gear reduction mechanism, and is used to drive the shift finger 300 to swing in a circumferential direction; the shift finger 300 is engaged with the groove on the shift fork shaft, and the shift fork shaft is driven to reciprocate along its own axial direction during the swing of the shift finger 300; the shift fork is used to connect with the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism, and when the inner teeth of the engagement sleeve are engaged with the outer tooth top teeth or teeth of the engagement gear ring of the speed change mechanism during the shifting process, the reaction force will be transmitted to the shift motor 100 through the gear reduction mechanism 200, so that the shift motor 100 is reversed and returned to the neutral position.

[0035] In this embodiment, the shift motor 100 is connected to the shift finger 300 through the gear reduction mechanism 200, the shift finger 300 is connected to the shift fork shaft, the shift fork shaft is connected to the fork, and the fork is used to connect with the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism. When shifting is required, the shift motor 100 is started, and the torque is transmitted to the shift finger 300 through the gear reduction mechanism 200, and the shift finger 300 swings in a set direction, driving the shift fork shaft to move along its own axis, and then driving the fork to move together, and the movement of the fork drives the engagement sleeve to move toward the corresponding engagement ring gear, and the engagement sleeve engages with the engagement ring gear to achieve shifting. When the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring hit or get stuck during the gear shifting process, a top tooth force will be generated. The top tooth force hinders the engagement of the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring and has a tendency to move the coupling sleeve away from the engagement gear ring. Since the gear shifting motor 100 transmits the torque to the shift fork through the gear reduction mechanism 200, after the coupling sleeve is subjected to the top tooth force, the coupling sleeve can move away from the engagement gear ring and drive the shift fork shaft to move in the opposite direction, and finally the gear shifting motor 100 is blocked and then reversed. After the gear shifting motor 100 is reversed, the top tooth force can be offset, thereby avoiding damage to the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring, reducing the risk of damage to the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring, and extending the service life of the speed change mechanism.

[0036] In this embodiment, the transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism 200 is set to a range of 8≤I≤12. Optionally, the transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism 200 is set to 10. Obviously, in other embodiments, the transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism 200 can also be set to 8, 9, 11 or 12. The transmission ratio of the gear reduction mechanism 200 is set to between 8 and 12. The shift motor 100 transmits the torque to the shift fork after deceleration through the gear reduction mechanism 200. The speed of the shift fork is reduced, which facilitates the engagement of the coupling sleeve with the engagement gear ring, and the shifting is easier. At the same time, after the shift motor 100 is decelerated by the gear reduction mechanism 200, the shift motor 100 can output a larger torque. Under the premise of ensuring that sufficient torque is provided to drive the shift fork to engage the engagement sleeve with the engagement gear ring, the torque will not be too large, and the situation that the top tooth force after the top tooth or the tooth hitting during the shifting process is less than the maximum shifting force provided by the shift motor 100 will not occur. After the top tooth or the tooth hitting, the shift motor 100 can reverse under the action of the top tooth force to avoid damage to the coupling sleeve and the engagement gear ring.

[0037] For example, in a specific application of the shift mechanism 001 provided in this embodiment, the maximum shift force of the shift motor 100 is 670N, and the minimum tooth-pushing force of the coupling sleeve and the coupling gear ring after the teeth are pushed or hit during the shifting process is 1000N. The tooth-pushing force is greater than the maximum shift force of the shift motor 100. Therefore, after the teeth are pushed or hit during the shifting process, the shift motor 100 can reverse to avoid damaging the coupling teeth.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In this embodiment, the gear reduction mechanism 200 is configured as a spur gear reduction mechanism 200. The gear reduction mechanism 200 includes a driving gear 210, a driving shaft 220, a driven shaft 230, a first transmission gear 240, a second transmission gear 250, and a shift gear 260. The driving gear 210 is a spur gear, the driving shaft 220 is coaxially arranged with the output shaft of the shift motor 100 and is fixedly connected, the driving gear 210 is sleeved outside the driving shaft 220 and is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 220. The driven shaft 230 is installed on the housing 400 of the shift mechanism 001, the first transmission gear 240 and the second transmission gear 250 are both sleeved outside the driven shaft 230, and the driven shaft 230 can rotate around its own axis relative to the housing 400, and the first transmission gear 240 and the second transmission gear 250 are both fixed on the driven shaft 230 and rotate with the driven shaft 230. The shift gear 260 is fixed on the shift finger 300, or the shift gear 260 is integrally formed with the shift finger 300. The driving gear 210 meshes with the first transmission gear 240, and the second transmission gear 250 meshes with the shift gear 260. Optionally, the second transmission gear 250 is a sector gear. The shift gear 260 is a sector gear.

[0039] In this embodiment, the number of the shifting units is set to two, and the two shifting units are independently controlled to achieve shifting of four gears. In other words, the two shifting units include two shifting fingers 300, and each shifting finger 300 achieves shifting of two gears, thereby achieving that the two shifting fingers 300 correspond to four gears. Obviously, each shifting finger 300 has a position located in the neutral gear, so each shifting finger 300 includes three gears. For example, one shifting finger 300 includes the first gear, the second gear, and the neutral gear located between the first gear and the second gear. Another shifting finger 300 includes the third gear, the fourth gear, and the neutral gear located between the third gear and the fourth gear.

[0040] In this embodiment, optionally, the two shift fingers 300 of the two shift units share a finger shaft 310, the finger shaft 310 is mounted on the housing 400, the two shift fingers 300 are coaxially arranged, and the shift mechanism 001 has a small volume and occupies a small space.

[0041] In this embodiment, the shift mechanism 001 further includes a housing 400 and a locking assembly. The shift unit is connected to the housing 400. The locking assembly is connected to the shift fork shaft and the housing 400 to prevent the shift fork shaft from moving along its own axial direction and shifting out of gear after the shifting is completed. Optionally, the locking assembly includes a retractable plug rod, which is connected to the housing 400. The shift fork shaft is provided with a slot. After the shifting is completed, the plug rod can be extended and inserted into the slot to achieve the positioning of the shift fork shaft and avoid shifting out of gear. The length of the plug rod can be controlled by a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0042] The shift mechanism 001 provided in this embodiment can reverse the gear shift motor 100 when a tooth hit or a tooth collision occurs during the shift process, thereby avoiding damage to the coupling sleeve and the coupling gear ring.

[0043] This embodiment further provides a power system, including a speed change mechanism and the above-mentioned shift mechanism 001, wherein the shift fork of the shift mechanism 001 is connected to the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism.

[0044] This embodiment also provides an electric vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned shift mechanism 001 or the above-mentioned power system.

[0045] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A shift mechanism, which is applied to a transmission mechanism without a synchronizer and a clutch, characterized in that: The shift mechanism comprises: A shift unit, the shift unit comprising a shift motor, a gear reduction mechanism, a shift finger, a shift fork shaft and a shift fork connected to the shift fork shaft; the shift motor is connected to the shift finger through the gear reduction mechanism, and is used to drive the shift finger to swing in a circumferential direction; the shift finger is connected to the shift fork shaft to drive the shift fork shaft to reciprocate along its own axial direction; the shift fork is used to connect with the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism, and when the inner teeth of the engagement sleeve are engaged with the outer teeth of the engagement gear ring of the speed change mechanism or the teeth are engaged during the shifting process, the reaction force will be transmitted to the shift motor through the gear reduction mechanism, so that the shift motor is reversed and returned to the neutral position; The number of the shift units is set to two; the two shift fingers of the two shift units are coaxially arranged and share a finger shaft, and the finger shaft is mounted on the housing; the two shift units are independently controlled; The transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism is set to a range of: 8≤I≤12; The two shift fingers are located on one side of the housing, and the two shift motors are located on the other side of the housing.

2. The shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear reduction mechanism is configured as a spur gear reduction mechanism.

3. The shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission ratio I of the gear reduction mechanism is set to 10.

4. The shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear reduction mechanism includes a driving gear connected to the motor shaft of the shift motor, a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear coaxially arranged, and a shift gear connected to a shift finger, the driving gear meshes with the first transmission gear, and the second transmission gear meshes with the shift gear.

5. The shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shift mechanism also includes a housing and a locking assembly. The shift unit is connected to the housing. The locking assembly is connected to the shift fork shaft and the housing to prevent the shift fork shaft from moving along its own axial direction and falling out of gear after the shift fork shaft is engaged.

6. A power system, characterized in that: The power system comprises: A speed change mechanism and a shift mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shift fork of the shift mechanism is connected to the engagement sleeve of the speed change mechanism.

7. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The electric vehicle comprises: The shift mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the power system as claimed in claim 6.

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