A downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier

Abstract

The invention discloses a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier, whose main structures from top to bottom are respectively a feed hopper, a silo, a gasification reaction chamber, a double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket, a flip grate, and a settling chamber. A carbon outlet auger is provided at the bottom of the settling chamber, a bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate is provided on the lower inner side of the silo, and a bucket cone-shaped ash plate is superimposed on the upper inner side of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket; the biomass fuel first undergoes a high-temperature cracking gasification reaction in the gasification reaction chamber to generate combustion gas, which is discharged downward at the combustion gas outlet on the side wall of the settling chamber; the biomass fuel that has not completely reacted to generate combustion gas in the gasification reaction chamber is carbonized and falls into the settling chamber and is cooled to form biomass carbon, thereby allowing the biomass fuel to simultaneously achieve carbon-gas cogeneration. Its characteristics are: a scientific and ingenious structure, a double-layer feed hopper can prevent combustion gas from escaping during feeding; the bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate prevents the silo from bridging and arching; the air supply pipe is used as the intermediate air intake channel, and the air intake is more uniform without dead corners; the flip grate also has a water mist spraying function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gasifier, in particular to a gasifier using biomass-molded biomass fuel and raw materials such as straw, wood chips, garbage, etc. as biomass fuel. Background Art

[0002] The gasifier is a gas preparation device that uses biomass as biomass fuel. In order to solve the coking problem and excessive nitrogen oxide problem that are common in pellet burners that use biomass molded biomass fuel on a large scale, the inventor invented a series of patents with application number 2016205519546, titled "A biomass downdraft gasification and heating system", application number 2016205519550, titled "A biomass gasification gas system and its ash removal, slag removal and dust removal system"; application number 2016205519531, titled "A new furnace core structure for a medium and large biomass gasification device". However, there are still some deficiencies in the feeding and slag removal structures: (1) The feeding makes it difficult for wood chips with complex shapes to bridge and hang in the air, resulting in insufficient oxygen coverage, uneven combustion of biomass fuel, and insufficient gas production efficiency; (2) The reliability of the ash removal mechanism is not high; (3) The system is too complicated and the equipment is too expensive.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the inventors have made continuous improvements to the relevant technologies and applied for an application with application number 2018103341716 and name “A downdraft gasifier”, whose main technical scheme is: including: a furnace seat, serving as a support for the entire composite biomass gasification furnace body; a gasification reaction chamber, arranged on the furnace seat, serving as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo a gasification reaction; a silo, arranged above the gasification reaction chamber, serving as a processing silo for the biomass fuel; a feed hopper, arranged above the silo, for loading the biomass fuel and controlling the biomass fuel to enter the silo; a blower, arranged outside the composite biomass gasification furnace body, for blowing air into the gasification reaction chamber; it is characterized in that a conical top plate is provided on the upper part of the silo, the feed hopper is arranged on one side above the conical top plate of the silo, the feed hopper is provided with a silo opening, the silo opening extends obliquely from the top of the conical top plate into the silo, and the silo opening is A gate valve is arranged obliquely, and a cylinder for driving the gate valve is arranged above the gate valve; an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the conical top plate of the silo; the silo is connected to the gasification reaction chamber by a flange, a funnel-shaped opening is arranged on the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber, and the lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber, and a plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat, and the gasification reaction chamber of the gasification reaction chamber is arranged below the throat, and the wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber is respectively a refractory layer, a thermal insulation layer, a supporting wall and a protective enclosure from the inside to the outside, and a gas channel is formed between the supporting wall and the protective enclosure, and an annular air inlet is arranged on the supporting wall, and the air nozzle is communicated with the annular air inlet, and the annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets, and the blower is connected and communicated with the annular air inlet in the gasification reaction chamber; a cyclone separator and an induced draft fan are arranged on one side of the gasification reaction chamber, and the induced draft fan is connected with the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is connected and communicated with the gas channel. The aforementioned composite biomass gasifier also includes: a feeder, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo and is used to stir the biomass fuel in the silo so that the biomass fuel is evenly arranged; the feeder includes a driving device, a feeder base, a transmission gear, an air supply pipe, a bearing, and a stirring blade. The feeder base is arranged at the center of the conical top plate of the silo, the air supply pipe is arranged in the feeder base through a bearing, the lower end of the air supply pipe extends above the throat, the upper part of the air supply pipe is connected to the driving device through a transmission gear, and the stirring blade is arranged at the lower part of the air supply pipe located in the silo. The grate base includes legs, a funnel-shaped ash chamber and an ash discharge grate; an ash discharger is arranged in the funnel-shaped ash chamber, a slag discharge port is arranged below the ash discharger, the ash discharger is arranged above the funnel-shaped ash chamber, the ash discharger includes a funnel-shaped fixed grate, a plurality of ash discharge holes are arranged on the fixed grate, and top slag teeth which can extend upward from the ash discharge holes, the top slag teeth are fixed on a top slag seat below the ash discharge holes, connecting arms are hinged on both sides below the top slag seat, a rocker arm is hinged at the lower end of the connecting arm, a rocker shaft is arranged at the other end of the rocker arm, the rocker arm is fixedly connected to the ash discharge grate through the rocker shaft, the end face of the rocker shaft is meshed by a pair of rocker teeth, one of which is a rocker tooth controlled and driven by an ash discharge cylinder.

[0004] The main function of the technical solutions of the aforementioned patent applications is to convert biomass fuel into fuel gas, thereby realizing the conversion of biomass energy. In the field of biomass energy utilization, comprehensive utilization of biomass is the most economical solution. Biomass carbon is widely used, so among the products of gasification furnace equipment, biomass carbon is an excellent by-product. In the existing technology, only biomass fuel is converted into fuel gas, and biomass carbon cannot be produced at the same time, and the technical problem of carbon-gas co-production is not solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the existing biomass gasification equipment, the present invention provides a carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier with a scientific and compact structure, which can gasify the biomass fuel and convert the biomass fuel into biomass carbon at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a scheme: a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier, comprising:

[0007] The furnace base serves as the support for the entire downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasification furnace body;

[0008] The gasification reaction chamber is arranged on the furnace base and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo gasification reaction;

[0009] A silo is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber and serves as a processing silo for biomass fuel;

[0010] A feed hopper is arranged above the silo and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo;

[0011] A gasification blower is arranged outside the gasification reaction chamber to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber;

[0012] The silo is sealed and connected to the gasification reaction chamber. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber. A plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat. The gasification reaction chamber is located below the throat. An annular air inlet is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber. The air nozzle is connected to the annular air inlet. The annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets. The annular air inlet can be connected to the gasification blower through the gasification air inlet.

[0013] It is characterized by further comprising:

[0014] The double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber. The double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket includes two upper and lower continuous inverted cone-shaped ash pans, namely an upper section water cooling jacket and a lower section water cooling jacket. The inclination angle of the upper section water cooling jacket is smaller than that of the lower section water cooling jacket. The upper end of the upper section water cooling jacket is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber, and is used to collect and cool the biomass carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber.

[0015] The flip grate can be flipped 90 degrees downward and arranged below the bottom of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket, serving as the grate of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket; the flip grate includes two grate units arranged opposite to each other, each of which includes a hollow rotating shaft that can be connected to an external water source, and a plurality of hollow tubes connected to the hollow rotating shaft are vertically connected to the hollow rotating shaft, and a water mist nozzle is provided at the end of each hollow tube, and the water mist nozzle sprays and cools the biomass carbon below;

[0016] The settling chamber is arranged below the tilting grate, and the side wall of the settling chamber is provided with a gas outlet for discharging the gas generated in the gasification reaction chamber; it is used for settling and cooling the biomass carbon.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the sedimentation chamber is cleverly used for multiple purposes. The sedimentation chamber is used as a carbon gas separation chamber, and also as a biomass carbon cooling chamber and a biomass carbon collection chamber.

[0018] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is provided on the inner side of the lower part of the above-mentioned material bin, and the bottom of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is provided with a circle of convex material pulling annular teeth, and the bottom of the material pulling annular teeth is provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring. The funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber is provided with a circle of convex top edge, and the top edge is provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the material pulling annular sliding ring to rotate. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring above the material pulling annular teeth, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the material pulling annular sliding ring to rotate. The material pulling annular sliding ring is buckled in the material pulling annular sliding groove, and a support bearing for supporting the material pulling annular sliding ring is provided in the material pulling annular sliding groove. The material bin is provided with a material pulling motor on one side of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate, and the output shaft of the material pulling motor is provided with a material pulling gear meshing with the material pulling annular teeth of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling plate. The bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate can be driven to rotate on the funnel-shaped opening by the material extraction motor, so that the biomass fuel in the silo is moved to prevent the biomass fuel from bridging and arching.

[0019] As an improvement and explanation of the above-mentioned technical solution, a bucket cone ash pan is superimposed on the inner side of the upper part of the aforementioned double-section bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket, and a circle of outwardly protruding ash shaking annular teeth is provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket cone ash pan, and an ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided at the bottom of the ash shaking annular teeth, and an ash shaking annular sliding groove is provided on the upper part of the bucket cone ash pan for rotating the ash shaking annular sliding ring, and an ash shaking annular sliding ring is also provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket cone ash pan above the ash shaking annular teeth, and an ash shaking annular sliding groove is also provided on the upper inner wall of the double-section bucket shaped water-cooling jacket for rotating the ash shaking annular sliding ring, the ash shaking annular sliding ring is buckled in the ash shaking annular sliding groove, and a support bearing for supporting the ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided in the ash shaking annular sliding groove, and the double-section bucket shaped water-cooling jacket is provided with an ash pan motor for driving the bucket cone ash pan to rotate on one side of the bucket cone ash pan, and an ash pan motor is provided with an ash shaking gear meshing with the ash shaking annular teeth of the bucket cone ash pan on the output shaft. The bucket cone ash pan can be driven by the ash pan motor to rotate inside the double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket, so that the carbon ash in the double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket moves to prevent the double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket from being blocked.

[0020] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a carbon outlet auger is provided at the bottom of the aforementioned sedimentation chamber, and the carbon outlet auger includes a conveying pipe connected to the bottom of the sedimentation chamber, and the conveying pipe extends upward from the bottom of the sedimentation chamber to the outside of the sedimentation chamber at an angle, and a carbon outlet opening with an opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe, and a two-stage carbon unloading door is provided below the carbon outlet opening; a spiral conveying shaft is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe, and an ash discharge motor is provided outside the conveying pipe; a pulley is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft, and a pulley is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor, and the ash discharge motor and the pulley on the spiral conveying shaft are connected by a transmission belt. At this time, the biomass carbon has a lower temperature due to the moisture content, and accumulates in the sedimentation chamber, and then enters the conveying pipe, and is transported by the spiral extrusion of the spiral conveying shaft, and finally the biomass carbon is discharged from the carbon outlet into the two-stage carbon unloading door.

[0021] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned silo is provided with an air supply duct, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo, the lower end of the air supply duct extends above the throat, and the upper end of the air supply duct is connected to an air supply blower arranged outside the silo; an explosion-proof valve is provided on the conical top plate of the silo.

[0022] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned feed hopper is a composite double-layer hopper, which is tiltedly arranged on the upper side of the silo, the upper layer of the composite double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo. The bottoms of the receiving hopper and the intermediate silo are both provided with tilted plug valves, and the outside of the composite double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder for controlling the opening and closing of the plug valve. When the biomass fuel enters the receiving hopper, the two ends of the intermediate silo are in a closed state due to the plug valves being in a closed state, and the gas will not escape from it; when the plug valve at the bottom of the receiving hopper is opened, the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper into the intermediate silo, and the gas will not escape from it because the plug valve at the bottom of the intermediate silo is still in a closed state at this time; when the plug valve at the bottom of the intermediate silo is opened, the plug valve at the bottom of the receiving hopper is in a closed state, and the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper into the silo, and the gas will not escape from it because the internal air pressure of the intermediate silo remains basically unchanged at this time.

[0023] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the aforementioned downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket lifting feeding device, a screw feeding device, a chain bucket continuous feeding device or a belt continuous feeding device.

[0024] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a ladder is provided outside the furnace base, extending from the bottom to the top of the silo.

[0025] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, the wall structure of the aforementioned gasification reaction chamber is respectively a refractory layer and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside.

[0026] As an improvement and explanation of the above technical solution, a cyclone separator and an induced draft fan are provided outside the aforementioned settling chamber, the induced draft fan is connected to the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is connected to the gas outlet.

[0027] Working principle description: In the technical scheme of the downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier, the gas is mainly generated by cracking reaction in the gasification reaction chamber. The biomass fuel first undergoes high-temperature cracking and gasification reaction in the gasification reaction chamber to generate gas, which is discharged downward at the gas outlet on the side wall of the settling chamber; at this time, the biomass fuel that has not completely reacted to generate gas in the gasification reaction chamber is carbonized, falls into the settling chamber and cools to form biomass carbon, thereby allowing the biomass fuel to achieve carbon-gas cogeneration at the same time.

[0028] As can be seen from the above, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) the structure is scientific, ingenious, compact, and fully utilizes the space. The feed hopper is a double-layer spacing structure, which can prevent the gas from escaping during feeding and is convenient for feeding control; (2) the cone-shaped puller plate stirs and organizes the biomass fuel in the silo to prevent the biomass fuel from bridging or blocking the silo at the throat; the biomass fuel in the silo is staggered and evenly stacked, which is more permeable. The air supply pipe is added as the intermediate air intake channel, and the air intake is more uniform without dead corners, which effectively prevents the empty burning and biased burning of the gasification reaction, and the gas production continuity is good, which is conducive to improving the gas production efficiency; (3) the two-stage carbon unloading door is creatively adopted, the ash discharge sealing performance is good, and the generated gas leakage is effectively prevented; (4) a sedimentation chamber is added to quickly cool the high-temperature carbon to form biomass carbon to prevent its oxidation and combustion. The entire technical scheme realizes carbon-gas cogeneration, has unexpected technical effects, has outstanding substantial characteristics and significant progress compared with the existing technology, and has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention and its beneficial technical effects are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier.

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A.

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B.

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional picture of the bucket cone-shaped feeding tray.

[0036] Figure 7 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flip grate, and the arrow in the diagram indicates the opening direction of the flip grate.

[0037] Marking description: 1-feeding hopper, 2-bin, 3-gasification reaction chamber; 4-double-stage bucket-shaped water cooling jacket, 5-turning grate, 6-sedimentation chamber, 7-furnace base, 8-carbon outlet auger; 11-receiving hopper, 12-intermediate bin, 13-gate valve, 14-hopper cylinder, 15-bucket lifting feeding device, 16-cyclone separator, 17-induced draft fan, 19-ladder; 21-bucket cone-shaped pull-out plate, 22-pulling ring gear, 23-pulling ring slide ring, 24-pulling ring slide groove, 25-pulling motor, 26-pulling gear, 27-air supply pipe, 28-explosion-proof valve; 31-top edge, 32-throat, 33-air nozzle, 34-refractory layer, 35-insulation layer, 36-annular air inlet, 37-gasification air inlet, 38-gasification blower; 41-bucket cone ash tray, 42-ash shaking annular teeth, 43-ash shaking annular sliding ring, 44-ash shaking annular chute, 45-ash shaking motor, 46-ash shaking gear, 47-upper water cooling jacket, 48-lower water cooling jacket; 51-hollow shaft, 52-hollow pipe, 53-water mist nozzle; 61-gas outlet; 81-conveying pipe, 82-carbon outlet, 83-screw conveying shaft, 85-ash discharge motor, 86-pulley, 87-driving belt, 88-two-stage carbon unloading door. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention and its beneficial technical effects are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0039] See also Figure 1~Figure 2 As can be seen from the figure, the downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier includes:

[0040] The furnace base 7 serves as a support for the entire downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasification furnace body;

[0041] The gasification reaction chamber 3 is arranged on the furnace base 7 and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo a gasification reaction;

[0042] The silo 2 is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber 3 and serves as a processing silo for the biomass fuel;

[0043] A feed hopper 1 is arranged above the silo 2 and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo 2;

[0044] A gasification blower 38 is disposed outside the gasification reaction chamber 4 to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber 3;

[0045] The silo 2 is sealedly connected with the gasification reaction chamber 3. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 3. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is a throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 3. A plurality of air nozzles 33 are distributed in an annular manner on the throat 32. Below the throat 32 is the gasification reaction chamber 3. An annular air inlet 36 is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber 3. The air nozzles 33 are communicated with the annular air inlet 36. The annular air inlet 36 is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets 37. The annular air inlet 36 can be connected to a gasification blower 38 through the gasification air inlet 37.

[0046] Characterized in that the downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier also includes:

[0047] Double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket 4, see Figure 4 , arranged just below the gasification reaction chamber 3, the double-stage bucket-shaped water cooling jacket 4 includes two upper and lower continuous inverted conical ash pans, namely an upper water cooling jacket 47 and a lower water cooling jacket 48, the inclination angle of the upper water cooling jacket 47 is smaller than the inclination angle of the lower water cooling jacket 48, and the upper end of the upper water cooling jacket 47 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber 3, and is used to collect and cool the biomass carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber 3;

[0048] Turn over the grate 5, see Figure 7 , which can be turned 90 degrees downward and arranged below the bottom of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4, serving as the grate of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4; the turning grate 5 includes two grate units arranged opposite to each other, each of which includes a hollow rotating shaft 51 that can be connected to an external water source, and a plurality of hollow tubes 52 connected to the hollow rotating shaft 51 are vertically connected to the hollow rotating shaft 51, and a water mist nozzle 53 is provided at the end of each hollow tube 52, and the water mist nozzle 53 sprays and cools the biomass carbon below; the water mist nozzle 53 can spray water mist to quickly cool the high-temperature carbon to form biomass carbon;

[0049] Sedimentation chamber 6, see Figure 4 , arranged below the tilting grate 5, the side wall of the settling chamber 6 is provided with a gas outlet 61 for discharging the gas generated in the gasification reaction chamber 3; it is used for the settling and cooling of biomass carbon.

[0050] See also Figure 2~Figure 6Specifically, in order to make the biomass fuel in the silo 2 move relative to the silo 2 and prevent the silo 2 from being blocked, a cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 is provided on the inner side of the lower part of the silo 2. The bottom of the cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 3. The upper outer wall of the cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 is provided with a circle of outwardly convex material extraction annular teeth 22. The bottom of the material extraction annular teeth 22 is provided with a material extraction annular sliding ring 23. The funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber 3 is provided with a circle of outwardly convex top edges 31. The top edges 31 are provided with a rotation of the material extraction annular sliding ring 23. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 is also provided with a material extraction annular slide ring 23 above the material extraction annular teeth 22, and the inner wall of the furnace seat 7 is also provided with a material extraction annular slide ring 24 for the material extraction annular slide ring 23 to rotate. The material extraction annular slide ring 23 is buckled in the material extraction annular slide ring 24, and a support bearing for supporting the material extraction annular slide ring 23 is provided in the material extraction annular slide ring 24. The silo 2 is provided with a material extraction motor 25 on one side of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate 21, and a material extraction gear 26 meshing with the material extraction annular teeth 22 of the bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 is provided on the output shaft of the material extraction motor 25. The bucket cone-shaped material extraction plate 21 at the lower part of the silo 2 plays the role of distributing and unloading, and the rotating material plate will drive the rotation of the biomass fuel in the silo 2.

[0051] See also Figure 3~Figure 6 Specifically, in order to make the carbon ash in the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 in the silo 2 move relative to the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 and prevent the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 from being blocked, a bucket cone-shaped ash pan 41 is superimposed on the inner side of the upper portion of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped ash pan 41 is provided with a circle of outwardly convex ash-shaking annular teeth 42. The bottom of the ash-shaking annular teeth 42 is provided with an ash-shaking annular sliding ring 43. The upper portion of the bucket cone-shaped ash pan 41 is provided with an ash-shaking annular sliding groove 44 for the ash-shaking annular sliding ring 43 to rotate. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped ash pan 41 is provided with an ash-shaking annular sliding groove 44 for the ash-shaking annular sliding ring 43 to rotate. A shaking ash annular sliding ring 43 is also provided above the ash annular teeth 42, and a shaking ash annular sliding groove 44 is also provided on the upper inner wall of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 for the shaking ash annular sliding ring 43 to rotate. The shaking ash annular sliding ring 43 is buckled in the shaking ash annular sliding groove 44, and a support bearing supporting the shaking ash annular sliding ring 43 is provided in the shaking ash annular sliding groove 44. The double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 is provided with an ash pan motor driving the bucket cone ash pan 41 to rotate on one side of the bucket cone ash pan 41, and an ash pan motor output shaft is provided with an ash pan gear 46 meshing with the shaking ash annular teeth 42 of the bucket cone ash pan 41. The structure of the bucket cone ash pan 41 is similar to that of the bucket cone material extraction pan 21, and will not be described in the figure separately.

[0052] See also Figure 2 , Figure 5To be more specific, in order to timely discharge the biomass carbon deposited in the sedimentation chamber 6, a carbon outlet auger 8 is provided at the bottom of the aforementioned sedimentation chamber 6, and the carbon outlet auger 8 includes a conveying pipe 81 communicated with the bottom of the sedimentation chamber 6, and the conveying pipe 81 extends obliquely upward from the bottom of the sedimentation chamber 6 to the outside of the sedimentation chamber 6, and a carbon outlet port 82 with an opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe 81, and a two-stage carbon unloading door 88 is provided below the carbon outlet port 82; a spiral conveying shaft 83 is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe 81, and an ash discharge motor 85 is provided outside the conveying pipe 81; a pulley 86 is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft 83, and a pulley 86 is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor 85, and the ash discharge motor 85 and the pulley 86 on the spiral conveying shaft 83 are connected by a transmission belt 87.

[0053] See also Figure 1~Figure 3 Specifically, in order to make the air intake more uniform without dead angles and effectively prevent the empty burning and partial burning of the gasification reaction, the aforementioned silo 2 is provided with an air supply pipe 27, which extends from the top of the silo 2 into the silo 2, and the lower end of the air supply pipe 27 extends above the throat 32, and the upper end of the air supply pipe 27 is connected to the air supply blower arranged outside the silo 2; an explosion-proof valve 28 is provided on the conical top plate of the silo 2.

[0054] See also Figure 1~Figure 3 Specifically, in order to prevent the gas from escaping from the feed hopper 1 during feeding, the feed hopper 1 is a compound double-layer hopper, which is arranged obliquely on the upper side of the silo 2. The upper layer of the compound double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper 11, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo 12. The bottoms of the receiving hopper 11 and the intermediate silo 12 are both provided with obliquely arranged gate valves 13, and the outside of the compound double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder 14 for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve 13.

[0055] See also Figure 1~Figure 3 More specifically, in order to increase automated feeding and reduce manual labor intensity, the aforementioned downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket-type lifting feeding device 15 .

[0056] See also Figure 1~Figure 3 Specifically, in order to facilitate inspection and maintenance, the furnace base 7 is provided with a ladder 19 extending from the bottom to the top of the silo 2.

[0057] See also Figure 2 Specifically, the wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber 3 is composed of a refractory layer 34 and a heat-insulating layer 35 from the inside to the outside. The furnace core of the gasification reaction chamber 3 adopts a conventional structure in the prior art, which is a tapered structure with a small top and a large bottom, and the taper angle is generally 50 to 90 degrees.

[0058] See also Figure 1~Figure 3More specifically, a cyclone separator 16 and an induced draft fan 17 are provided outside the aforementioned settling chamber 6 , the induced draft fan 17 is connected to the cyclone separator 16 , and the cyclone separator 16 is connected to the gas outlet 61 .

[0059] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: after the biomass fuel passes through the elevator hopper to the receiving hopper 11 of the composite double-layer hopper, the hopper cylinder 14 is actuated to open the gate valve 13 at the bottom of the receiving hopper 11, and the biomass fuel falls from the receiving hopper 11 to the intermediate bin 12. The gate valve 13 at the bottom of the receiving hopper 11 is then closed, and the gate valve 13 at the bottom of the intermediate bin 12 is opened, and the biomass fuel falls from the intermediate bin 12 to the silo 2; the flip grate 5 is flipped upward and closed, and the biomass fuel finally enters the gasification reaction chamber 3 through the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 3, where a high-temperature gasification reaction is carried out to generate combustion gas, and the air in the vent pipe is sprayed to the gas at a certain flow rate. In the middle of the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 3, oxygen-assisted combustion increases the temperature of the reaction furnace core. At the same time, the air nozzle 33 on the throat 32 of the gasification reaction chamber 3 is blown by the blower, and the high-speed flowing airflow is sprayed to the gasification reaction chamber 3 in a focused manner, so that the gasification reaction chamber 3 is maintained at a high temperature of 1000°C to 1200°C. At this high temperature, the biomass material rapidly burns and cracks to generate combustion gas, and a high-temperature carbon layer is formed in the gasification reaction chamber 3. This is the combustion gas generation stage. The generated combustion gas flow flows from top to bottom. The combustion gas passes through the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4 and is discharged from the combustion gas outlet 61 on the side wall of the settling chamber 6, and then the cyclone separator 16 separates the relatively clean combustion gas. In addition, the flip grate 5 is flipped downward and opened, and the biomass carbon that has not been completely reacted in the high-temperature carbon layer in the gasification reaction chamber 3 falls into the sedimentation chamber 6 through the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket 4. The flip grate 5 sprays water mist through its hollow tube 52 to cool the biomass carbon, and finally it is squeezed and discharged to the two-stage carbon unloading door 88 by the carbon outlet auger 8. When the two-stage carbon unloading door 88 is in the closed state, it has a sealing function to prevent the generated gas from escaping from here.

[0060] The above description and specific embodiments do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes disclosed and described above. Some modifications and variations of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier, comprising: The furnace base serves as the support for the entire downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasification furnace body; The gasification reaction chamber is arranged on the furnace base and serves as a place for the biomass fuel to undergo gasification reaction; A silo is arranged above the gasification reaction chamber and serves as a processing silo for biomass fuel; A feed hopper is arranged above the silo and is used to load the biomass fuel and control the biomass fuel to enter the silo; A gasification blower is arranged outside the gasification reaction chamber to blow air into the gasification reaction chamber; The silo is sealed and connected to the gasification reaction chamber. A funnel-shaped opening is provided at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The lower end of the funnel-shaped opening is the throat of the gasification reaction chamber. A plurality of air nozzles are distributed in an annular manner on the throat. The gasification reaction chamber is located below the throat. An annular air inlet is provided on the upper outer wall of the gasification reaction chamber. The air nozzle is connected to the annular air inlet. The annular air inlet is provided with a plurality of gasification air inlets. The annular air inlet can be connected to the gasification blower through the gasification air inlet. It is characterized by further comprising: The double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket is arranged directly below the gasification reaction chamber. The double-section bucket-shaped water cooling jacket includes two upper and lower continuous inverted cone-shaped ash pans, namely an upper section water cooling jacket and a lower section water cooling jacket. The inclination angle of the upper section water cooling jacket is smaller than that of the lower section water cooling jacket. The upper end of the upper section water cooling jacket is sealed and connected to the bottom of the gasification reaction chamber, and is used to collect and cool the biomass carbon ash falling from the gasification reaction chamber. The flip grate can be flipped 90 degrees downward and arranged below the bottom of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket, serving as the grate of the double-stage bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket; the flip grate includes two grate units arranged opposite to each other, each of which includes a hollow rotating shaft that can be connected to an external water source, and a plurality of hollow tubes connected to the hollow rotating shaft are vertically connected to the hollow rotating shaft, and a water mist nozzle is provided at the end of each hollow tube, and the water mist nozzle sprays and cools the biomass carbon below; The settling chamber is arranged below the flip grate, and the side wall of the settling chamber is provided with a gas outlet for discharging the gas generated by the gasification reaction chamber; it is used for settling and cooling the biomass carbon; The inner side of the lower part of the material bin is provided with a bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk, and the bottom of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk extends into the funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk is provided with a circle of convex material pulling annular teeth, and the bottom of the material pulling annular teeth is provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring. The funnel-shaped opening at the upper part of the gasification reaction chamber is provided with a circle of convex top edge, and the top edge is provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the rotation of the material pulling annular sliding ring. The upper outer wall of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding ring above the material pulling annular teeth, and the inner wall of the furnace seat is also provided with a material pulling annular sliding groove for the rotation of the material pulling annular sliding ring. The material pulling annular sliding ring is buckled in the material pulling annular sliding groove, and a supporting bearing for supporting the material pulling annular sliding ring is provided in the material pulling annular sliding groove. The material bin is provided with a material pulling motor on one side of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk, and the output shaft of the material pulling motor is provided with a material pulling gear meshing with the material pulling annular teeth of the bucket cone-shaped material pulling disk; A carbon outlet auger is provided at the bottom of the settling chamber, and the carbon outlet auger includes a conveying pipe communicated with the bottom of the settling chamber, the conveying pipe extends upward from the bottom of the settling chamber to the outside of the settling chamber at an angle, a carbon outlet opening facing downward is provided below the outer end of the conveying pipe, and a two-stage carbon unloading door is provided below the carbon outlet opening; a spiral conveying shaft is provided in the middle of the conveying pipe, and an ash discharge motor is provided outside the conveying pipe; a pulley is provided at the outer end of the spiral conveying shaft, and a pulley is also provided on the output shaft of the ash discharge motor, and the pulleys on the ash discharge motor and the spiral conveying shaft are connected by a transmission belt; The feed hopper is a compound double-layer hopper, which is obliquely arranged on the upper side of the silo. The upper layer of the compound double-layer hopper is an open receiving hopper, and the lower layer is a closable intermediate silo. The bottoms of the receiving hopper and the intermediate silo are both provided with obliquely arranged gate valves, and the outside of the compound double-layer hopper is provided with a hopper cylinder for controlling the opening and closing of the gate valve.

2. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bucket cone ash pan is superimposed on the inner side of the upper part of the double-section bucket-shaped water-cooling jacket, a circle of outwardly protruding ash shaking annular teeth is provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket cone ash pan, an ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided at the bottom of the ash shaking annular teeth, an ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided on the upper part of the bucket cone ash pan, an ash shaking annular sliding groove for the rotation of the ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided, an ash shaking annular sliding ring is also provided on the upper outer wall of the bucket cone ash pan above the ash shaking annular teeth, an ash shaking annular sliding ring is also provided on the upper inner wall of the double-section bucket shaped water-cooling jacket, an ash shaking annular sliding groove for the rotation of the ash shaking annular sliding ring is buckled in the ash shaking annular sliding groove, a supporting bearing for supporting the ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided in the ash shaking annular sliding groove, and an ash shaking annular sliding ring is provided on one side of the bucket cone ash pan of the double-section bucket shaped water-cooling jacket. An ash pan motor for driving the bucket cone ash pan to rotate is provided on the output shaft of the ash pan motor. An ash shaking gear meshing with the ash shaking annular teeth of the bucket cone ash pan is provided on the output shaft of the ash pan motor.

3. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The silo is provided with an air supply pipe, which extends from the top of the silo into the silo, the lower end of the air supply pipe extends above the throat, and the upper end of the air supply pipe is connected to an air supply blower arranged outside the silo; an explosion-proof valve is provided on the conical top plate of the silo.

4. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier is also provided with a feeding system, which is a bucket-type lifting feeding device, a screw feeding device, a chain bucket continuous feeding device or a belt continuous feeding device.

5. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A ladder is arranged outside the furnace base and extends from the bottom to the top of the silo in a zigzag manner.

6. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The wall structure of the gasification reaction chamber comprises a refractory layer and a heat-insulating layer from the inside to the outside.

7. The downdraft carbon-gas cogeneration gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A cyclone separator and an induced draft fan are arranged outside the settling chamber. The induced draft fan is connected to the cyclone separator, and the cyclone separator is connected to the gas outlet.

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