Material Characteristic Collision Test Bench

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to a material property collision test bench. It comprises a frame, a movable bracket, a cutter disc and a data acquisition disc, wherein the movable bracket, the cutter disc and the data acquisition disc are all arranged on the frame, the top of the movable bracket is hinged to the frame, the movable bracket is located above the cutter disc, the data acquisition disc is located on one side of the cutter, and a pen is fixed to the bottom of the movable bracket. It adopts a collision cutting top method, and obtains collision test data of various materials through the contact force at the moment of material collision, thereby obtaining the correlation between the collision characteristics of the material and the degree of damage, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the design of equipment such as agricultural material harvesting, grading packaging and transportation, and reducing mechanical damage in agricultural material production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a material property collision test bench. Background Art

[0002] Material property collision test is widely used in national production and life, and its purpose is to facilitate the development of subsequent instruments. At present, there is no mature and generally applicable method for material collision property test, and many machines have various problems in this regard. The development of equipment needs to rely on a large amount of data, and during the development period, it is impossible to conduct substantial field experiments to provide parameter data. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct experiments to measure the corresponding data to assist in the design and production of equipment. However, the traditional test bench is relatively large and the operation is unchanged. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a light, easy-to-operate and accurate material property speed measuring device to measure the data. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a material property collision test bench, which adopts a collision cutting method to obtain collision test data of various materials through the contact force at the moment of material collision, thereby obtaining the correlation between the material collision characteristics and the degree of damage, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the design of equipment such as agricultural material harvesting, grading packaging and transportation, and reducing mechanical damage in agricultural material production.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a material property collision test bench, comprising a frame, wherein the movable bracket, the cutter disc and the data acquisition disc are all arranged on the frame, the top of the movable bracket is hinged to the frame, the movable bracket is located above the cutter disc, the data acquisition disc is located on one side of the cutter, and a pen is fixed to the bottom end of the movable bracket;

[0005] The movable bracket includes a fixed plate, a connecting frame, a square tube and a support plate. The fixed plate is fixed on the frame. The upper part of the fixed plate is connected to the upper part of the square tube through an I-shaped piece. The two sides of the lower part of the fixed plate are respectively connected to the middle part of the square tube through the connecting frame. One end of the connecting frame is hinged to the fixed plate, and the other end is hinged to the square tube. The support plate includes an oblique support plate and a horizontal support plate. The horizontal support plate is located at the front end of the oblique support plate, and the horizontal support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oblique support plate. The bottom of the square tube is fixedly connected to the oblique support plate. A branch pipe is provided on the square tube, and the bottom of the branch pipe is fixedly connected to the horizontal support plate.

[0006] The cutter disc comprises a cutter disc central axis, cutter disc I and cutter disc II. The cutter disc central axis is horizontally arranged. Cutter discs I and cutter disc II are fixed on the central axis. A spring is arranged between cutter discs I and cutter disc II. The spring is wound on the blade central axis. The spring is in a compressed state. Limit screws are arranged on the outer sides of cutter discs I and cutter disc II. The limit screws are fixed on the cutter disc central axis.

[0007] In the present invention, a blade is provided in front of the horizontal support plate, the blade is fixed on the support plate, the blade is inclined, the horizontal support plate is inclined toward the side of the blade, and the inclination angle is the same as the inclination angle of the blade, and a gap is provided between the blade and the horizontal support plate; at least one mounting groove is provided on the edge of the cutter disc I and the cutter disc II, and a claw manipulator-type clamping device is fixed in the mounting groove.

[0008] A three-jaw automatic centering chuck is fixed at the bottom of the movable bracket, and the automatic centering chuck is set at an angle; a crushing knife is provided between the cutter disc I and the cutter disc II, and the crushing knife is fixed on the installation shaft through a fixing seat, and the installation shaft is fixed between the cutter disc I and the cutter disc II.

[0009] The three-jaw automatic centering chuck comprises a chuck body, movable jaws and a jaw driving mechanism. Threads are arranged below the three jaw guide parts of the three-jaw chuck, and the threads are meshed with the flat threads on the back of the disc-shaped bevel gear. When the small bevel gear is rotated through the square hole with a wrench, the disc-shaped gear rotates, and the flat threads on the back simultaneously drive the three jaws to approach or withdraw from the center, so as to clamp crops of different diameters.

[0010] The center of the data acquisition disk is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor I, the drive motor I is arranged on the frame, the central axis of the cutter disc is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor II, and a sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the cutter disc is arranged on the connecting shaft between the cutter disc and the drive motor II.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0012] By using the collision cutting method, the collision test data of various materials, including tuber crops, stem crops, and vine crops, are obtained through the contact force at the moment of material collision, so as to obtain the correlation between the collision characteristics of the materials and the degree of damage, providing a scientific theoretical basis for the design of equipment such as agricultural material harvesting, grading packaging and transportation, and reducing mechanical damage in the production of agricultural materials. The device has a small size, a simple structure and is easy to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a left-side structural schematic diagram of the present invention in Example 1;

[0014] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention in Example 1;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the cutter;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cutter;

[0017] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the cutter disc;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutter disc;

[0019] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a claw-type manipulator clamping device;

[0020] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention in Example 2;

[0021] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the cutter head in Example 2;

[0022] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the blade in Example 2;

[0023] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-jaw automatic centering chuck in Example 2.

[0024] In the figure: 1 frame; 2 movable bracket; 201 fixed plate; 202 connecting frame; 203 oblique support plate; 205 horizontal support plate; 206 square tube; 207 I-shaped piece; 208 pin shaft I; 209 pin shaft II; 3 cutter head; 301 spring; 302 limit screw; 303 mounting groove; 305 center axis; 306 cutter head I; 307 cutter head II; 308 crushing knife; 309 mounting axis; 310 fixing seat; 4 data acquisition disk; 5 blade; 6 drive motor I; 7 sensor; 8 drive motor II; 9 claw clamp manipulator type clamping device; 10 three-claw automatic centering chuck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the material property collision test bench described in the present invention includes a frame 1, a movable bracket 2, a blade 5, a cutter disc 3 and a data acquisition disc 4, and the movable bracket 2, the cutter disc 3 and the data acquisition disc 4 are all arranged on the frame 1. The movable bracket 2 is located above the cutter disc 3, and the data acquisition disc 4 is located on one side of the movable bracket 2. The center of the data acquisition disc 4 is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor I6, and the drive motor I6 is arranged on the frame 1. The center of the cutter disc 3 is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor II8, and a sensor 7 is provided on the connecting shaft between the cutter disc 3 and the drive motor II8, and the sensor 7 is used to detect the rotation speed of the cutter disc 3. The blade 5 is fixed to the bottom of the movable bracket 2, and the blade 5 is located above the cutter disc 3.

[0028] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the movable bracket includes a fixed plate 201, a connecting frame 202, a square tube 206 and a support plate. The fixed plate 201 is fixed on the frame 1. The upper part of the fixed plate 201 is connected to the upper part of the square tube 206 through an I-shaped piece 207. The two sides of the lower part of the fixed plate 201 are respectively connected to the middle part of the square tube 206 through the connecting frame 202. One end of the connecting frame 202 is hinged to the fixed plate 201 through a pin shaft I 208, and the other end is hinged to the square tube 206 through a pin shaft II 209. The support plate includes an oblique support plate 203 and a horizontal support plate 205. The horizontal support plate 205 is located at the front end of the oblique support plate 203, and the horizontal support plate 205 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oblique support plate 203. The bottom of the square tube 206 is fixedly connected to the oblique support plate 203. A branch pipe is provided on the square tube 206, and the bottom of the branch pipe is fixedly connected to the horizontal support plate 205. A blade 5 is provided in front of the horizontal support plate 205, and the blade 5 is fixed on the support plate. The blade 5 is tilted, and the side of the horizontal support plate 205 facing the blade is also tilted, and the tilt angle is the same as the tilt angle of the blade. Therefore, a certain gap is provided between the blade 5 and the horizontal support plate 205. When the head of the beet moves between the blade 5 and the horizontal support plate 205, the cutting edge on the blade 5 cuts off the top of the beet, and the top of the beet will fall directly onto the horizontal support plate 205 after being cut off. A pen is provided on the top of the oblique support plate 203, and the pen moves when the oblique support plate 203 moves, and the pen directly expresses the movement trajectory of the oblique support plate 203 on the data acquisition disk 4.

[0029] In the above-mentioned cutter structure, when the beet contacts the cutter, it will collide with the cutter. During the collision, the movable bracket is subjected to an upward force. Under the rotational connection of the pin shaft I 208 and the pin shaft II 209, the movable bracket and the cutter move upward. As the beet continues to rotate, the top of the beet enters between the blade and the horizontal support plate, and the blade cuts off the top of the beet. As the size and shape of the beet vary, the larger the beet, the greater the distance the movable bracket and the blade move upward. Conversely, the smaller the beet, the smaller the distance the movable bracket and the blade move upward, thereby achieving uniform topping of the beet. Therefore, this topping method can be applied to beets of any size and shape, and data collection is more accurate. After the collision and topping, the movable bracket moves downward due to gravity, but at this time the I-shaped piece 207 will generate an upward pulling force on the movable bracket. Finally, the movable bracket is balanced under the combined action of the pulling force and gravity, and the next topping action is performed. Therefore, when the cutter is colliding and cutting the topping, it does not rely entirely on gravity to make the cutter contact with the top of the beet, which reduces the vibration rate and increases the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0030] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the cutter disc 3 includes a cutter disc central axis 305, a cutter disc I 306 and a cutter disc II 307. The cutter disc central axis 305 is arranged horizontally and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the driving motor II 8. A spring 301 is arranged between the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307. The spring 301 is wound around the blade central axis 305 and is in a compressed state. The outer sides of the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307 are provided with limit screws 302, and the limit screws 302 are fixed on the cutter disc central axis 305. The cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307 are fixed on the cutter disc central axis 305 by the limit screws 302 and the spring 301. The central axis 305 rotates while driving the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307 to rotate. At least one mounting groove 303 is arranged on the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307, and the claw clamp manipulator clamping device 9 is fixed in the mounting groove 303. The mounting groove 303 includes a square opening and a triangular opening. The square opening is connected to the triangular opening. The spring 301 is arranged at the circumferential edge of the square opening close to the blade disc I and the blade disc II to achieve a shock absorbing effect.

[0031] The claw manipulator type clamping device 9 includes a hand, a motion mechanism and a control system. The hand is a component used to grasp a workpiece (or tool), and has a variety of structural forms according to the shape, size, weight, material and operation requirements of the grasped object, such as a clamping type, a supporting type and an adsorption type. The motion mechanism enables the hand to complete various rotations (swings), movements or compound movements to achieve the specified actions and change the position and posture of the grasped object. During work, due to the interaction of various bone joints, it can tightly clamp the tuber crops during work, so that the tubers are firmly fixed and do not fall off during the collision test.

[0032] The working process of the present invention is as follows: start the drive motor I6 and the drive motor II8 respectively to rotate the data acquisition disk 4 and the cutter disk 3. During the rotation of the cutter disk 3, the beet fixed on the cutter disk 3 is driven to rotate. When the beet rotates to the cutting knife, it collides with the cutting knife. The cutting knife moves upward under the collision of the beet. When the beet moves between the blade 5 and the horizontal support plate 205, the cutting edge of the blade 5 cuts off the top of the beet, realizing the collision topping of the top of the beet. This topping method can be used to cut beets of any size and shape, making the collected experimental data more accurate. During the beet topping process, the horizontal support plate 203 will collect the movement trajectory of the beet during the collision topping process, and express the movement trajectory on the data acquisition disk 4 on one side thereof. The collected data is convenient for the subsequent research and development of instruments.

[0033] By fixing the cutter, the beet rotates with the cutter disc and collides with the cutter to cut the top. This topping method can be applied to beets of any size and shape, thereby improving the accuracy of data collection in the beet collision topping test. The cutter does not rely entirely on gravity to contact the top of the beet, which greatly reduces the vibration rate and improves the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] like Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the difference from Example 1 is that in this embodiment, a three-jaw automatic centering chuck 10 is fixed at the bottom of the movable bracket 2, and the automatic centering chuck 10 is arranged at an angle. The three-jaw automatic centering chuck 10 clamps and positions the crop by radial movement of three movable jaws evenly distributed on the chuck body. The three-jaw automatic centering chuck 10 includes a chuck body, movable jaws and a jaw driving mechanism. The three jaws of the three-jaw chuck are provided with threads below the guide part, and the threads are meshed with the flat threads on the back of the disc bevel gear. When the small bevel gear is rotated through the square hole with a wrench, the disc gear rotates, and the flat threads on the back simultaneously drive the three jaws to approach or withdraw from the center to clamp crops of different diameters. Replacing the three jaws with three reverse jaws can be used to install crops with larger diameters. The self-centering accuracy of the three-jaw chuck is 0.05-0.15mm. The three-jaw chuck is simple and accurate in centering, has wide versatility, and is convenient and reliable in clamping. It can quickly find the center and save time; at the same time, the chuck is equipped with a torsion spring, so that it can clamp the stems or vines during work, and ensure that the holding force is moderate and stable without damaging the clamped stems or vines.

[0036] At this time, no clamping device is set in the installation groove 303 of the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307, and a crushing knife 308 is set between the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307: the crushing knife 308 is fixed on the installation shaft 309 through the fixing seat 310, and the installation shaft 309 is fixed between the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307, that is, the two ends of the installation shaft 309 are respectively fixedly connected to the cutter disc I 306 and the cutter disc II 307. During the rotation of the cutter disc, the crushing knife 308 is driven to rotate, and the rotating knife cuts off the stem or vine clamped by the three-claw automatic centering chuck 10.

[0037] When the experimental platform is working, the drive motor I6 and the drive motor II8 are started respectively to rotate the data acquisition disk 4 and the cutter disk 3. During the rotation of the cutter disk 3, the crushing knife 308 fixed on the cutter disk 3 is driven to rotate. When the crushing knife 308 rotates to the stem or vine, it collides with the stem or vine. The stem or vine moves upward under the collision with the crushing knife 308, and the crushing knife 308 cuts off the stem or vine. During the beet topping process, the pen fixed at the bottom of the movable bracket 2 will collect the movement trajectory of the beet during the collision topping process, and express the movement trajectory on the data acquisition disk 4 on one side. The collected data is convenient for the subsequent research and development of instruments.

Claims

1. A material property collision test bench, comprising a frame, Features: It also includes a movable bracket, a cutter disc and a data acquisition disc, wherein the movable bracket, the cutter disc and the data acquisition disc are all arranged on a frame, the top of the movable bracket is hinged to the frame, the movable bracket is located above the cutter disc, the data acquisition disc is located on one side of the cutter, and a pen is fixed to the bottom end of the movable bracket; The movable bracket includes a fixed plate, a connecting frame, a square tube and a support plate. The fixed plate is fixed on the frame. The upper part of the fixed plate is connected to the upper part of the square tube through an I-shaped piece. The two sides of the lower part of the fixed plate are respectively connected to the middle part of the square tube through the connecting frame. One end of the connecting frame is hinged to the fixed plate, and the other end is hinged to the square tube. The support plate includes an oblique support plate and a horizontal support plate. The horizontal support plate is located at the front end of the oblique support plate, and the horizontal support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oblique support plate. The bottom of the square tube is fixedly connected to the oblique support plate. A branch pipe is provided on the square tube, and the bottom of the branch pipe is fixedly connected to the horizontal support plate. The cutter disc comprises a cutter disc central axis, cutter disc I and cutter disc II. The cutter disc central axis is horizontally arranged. Cutter discs I and cutter disc II are fixed on the central axis. A spring is arranged between cutter discs I and cutter disc II. The spring is wound on the blade central axis. The spring is in a compressed state. Limit screws are arranged on the outer sides of cutter discs I and cutter disc II. The limit screws are fixed on the cutter disc central axis.

2. The material property collision test bench according to claim 1, Features: A blade is provided in front of the horizontal support plate, the blade is fixed on the support plate, the blade is arranged in an inclined manner, the horizontal support plate is arranged in an inclined manner on the side facing the blade, and the inclination angle is the same as the inclination angle of the blade, and a gap is provided between the blade and the horizontal support plate; at least one mounting groove (303) is provided on the edge of the cutter disc I (306) and the cutter disc II (307), and a claw-type manipulator clamping device is fixed in the mounting groove (303).

3. The material property collision test bench according to claim 1, Features: A three-jaw automatic centering chuck is fixed at the bottom of the movable bracket, and the automatic centering chuck is set at an angle; a crushing knife is provided between the cutter disc I and the cutter disc II, and the crushing knife is fixed on the installation shaft through a fixing seat, and the installation shaft is fixed between the cutter disc I and the cutter disc II.

4. The material property collision test bench according to claim 3, Features: The three-jaw automatic centering chuck comprises a chuck body, movable jaws and a jaw driving mechanism. Threads are arranged below the three jaw guide parts of the three-jaw chuck, and the threads are meshed with the flat threads on the back of the disc-shaped bevel gear. When the small bevel gear is rotated through the square hole with a wrench, the disc-shaped gear rotates, and the flat threads on the back simultaneously drive the three jaws to approach or withdraw from the center, so as to clamp crops of different diameters.

5. The material property collision test bench according to claim 1, Features: The center of the data acquisition disk is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor I, the drive motor I is arranged on the frame, the central axis of the cutter disc is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor II, and a sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the cutter disc is arranged on the connecting shaft between the cutter disc and the drive motor II.

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