A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a drainage device for a closed die cavity in wheel forming, belonging to the field of hot forming technology for integral rolled steel train wheels. A drainage device for a closed die cavity in wheel forming according to the present invention comprises an upper die base and a lower die base. An upper forming die is fixedly installed below the upper die base, and a lower forming die is fixedly installed above the lower die base. The upper forming die and the lower forming die are used in relative cooperation, and the cavity formed between the two is used for the forming of a blank. A lower die cavity drainage device is arranged on the lower die table, and annular water outlets are respectively formed on the lower die cavity drainage device. A drainage groove opening is arranged below the annular water outlets, so as to ensure the timeliness of water discharge. The lower die cavity drainage device is applied to the deformation of wheels with large differences in the distance between the counter-rim plate and the rim plate, which is beneficial to the filling of the outer side rim and the inner side hub of the formed blank. The die device is practical and reliable, greatly improving the qualified rate of products and realizing the batch production of such wheels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hot forming processes for integral rolled steel train wheels, and more specifically to a drainage device for a closed die cavity in wheel forming. Background Art

[0002] The hot forming process for integral rolled steel wheels consists of four working steps: preforming, forming, rolling, and bending. The traditional deformation process is suitable for wheels with conventional shapes. During the forming working step, when forging and deforming, the inner side surface (with the flange surface) of the wheel faces downward. Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the deformation method for conventional wheels. The finished cross-section of a wheel with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate is as Figure 8 shown. The South African wheel type ZA866 belongs to a wheel with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate. The outer rim plate distance reaches 94 mm, and at the same time, the inner hub is extremely long at 127 mm. Since the forging of the press is carried out with static pressure and the final forging working step is completed in one stroke, the metal is prone to flow horizontally and is not easy to fill the upper and lower die cavities. If the deformation method of conventional wheels is used, it is difficult to ensure that the outer rim surface and the inner hub surface of the ZA866 wheel are filled simultaneously during the forming working step. This requires that the preformed blank should have sufficient height and also meet the requirement of metal outer discharge, that is, reserve sufficient metal to ensure that the metal fills the inner hub surface and the outer rim surface simultaneously during the forming working step. To overcome this technical difficulty, during the forging and deformation of the forming working step, the outer side surface (without the flange surface) faces downward. As Figure 2 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the deformation method for a wheel with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate. This deformation method can complete the filling of the inner hub surface during the preforming working step, making it easy for the metal to fill the outer rim surface when entering the forming working step, which is beneficial to obtaining a good preformed blank.

[0003] The main difference between the deformation method of conventional wheels and the deformation method of wheels with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate lies in the forming working step. The deformation method of wheels with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate is beneficial to the filling of the preformed blank. However, for this type of wheel during the forming working step, when the outer rim surface is in a semi-closed die cavity, water is likely to accumulate in the die cavity and secondary scale is generated, so it is not conducive to obtaining a good preformed blank. Summary of the Invention

[0004] 1. Technical Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems in the prior art that in the forming working step of a wheel with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate, the outer rim surface is in a semi-closed die cavity, and the water in the die cavity is not discharged in time, resulting in water accumulation, etc., this patent discloses a drainage device for a closed die cavity in wheel forming. A lower die cavity drainage device is arranged on the lower die table, and annular water outlets are respectively formed on the lower die cavity drainage device. A drainage trough opening is arranged below the annular water outlet, so as to ensure the timeliness of water discharge and ensure the drainage of the water and secondary scale in the die cavity under the normal production rhythm.

[0006] 2. Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device includes an upper die base and a lower die base. An upper forming die is fixedly installed below the upper die base, and a lower forming die is fixedly installed above the lower die base. The upper forming die and the lower forming die are used in relative cooperation, and the cavity formed between them is used for the forming of the blank. The closed die cavity drainage device is applicable to the forming process of wheels with large differences in the distance between the counter-rim plate and the rim plate. A lower die cavity drainage device is also provided on the lower die base. The lower die cavity drainage device includes an annular water outlet, and a drainage trough opening is provided below the annular water outlet to form a closed die cavity, so as to ensure timely discharge of accumulated water and secondary scale in the die cavity, thereby obtaining a good hot-state formed blank.

[0009] In a further technical solution, an upper core rod vertically penetrates through the middle of the upper forming die, and a lower core rod vertically penetrates through the middle of the lower forming die. An upper die ring is provided on the periphery of the upper forming die, and a lower die ring is provided on the periphery of the lower forming die. A forming ring is provided on the periphery of the lower die ring, which is applied to the forming of wheels with large differences in the distance between the counter-rim plate and the rim plate. The outer rim distance reaches 94 mm, and at the same time, the inner hub is 127 mm longer. During the forging deformation in the forming process, the outer side (the side without the flange) is placed downward. This deformation method fills the inner hub surface in the pre-forming process, and it is easy to fill the outer rim surface in the forming process, which is beneficial to obtaining a good formed blank.

[0010] In a further technical solution, the annular water outlet includes water outlet Ⅰ and water outlet Ⅱ. Water outlet Ⅰ is arranged at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower forming die and the inner diameter of the lower die ring; water outlet Ⅱ is arranged at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower die ring and the inner diameter of the forming ring; the size of water outlet Ⅰ is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower forming die and the inner diameter of the lower die ring; the size of water outlet Ⅱ is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower die ring and the inner diameter of the forming ring, and the sizes of water outlet Ⅰ and water outlet Ⅱ are limited by the sharp corner arc of the outer end face diameter of the formed blank.

[0011] In a further technical solution, water outlet Ⅰ is designed at the inner diameter of the rim. The outer diameter of the lower forming die is reduced by 3 mm, and the inner diameter of the lower die ring is enlarged by 3 mm to form an annular water outlet. The size is limited by the sharp corner arc of the inner end face diameter of the formed blank; water outlet Ⅱ is designed at the outer diameter of the rim. The inner diameter of the forming ring is enlarged by 3 mm, and the outer diameter of the lower die ring is reduced by 3 mm to form an annular water outlet; the rationality of checking the size of the water outlet lies in the timeliness of water discharge on the one hand and the smooth transition when the sharp corner of the outer rim surface of the formed blank is filled on the other hand.

[0012] Further technical solution: The drainage slot openings include drainage slot opening I and drainage slot opening II. The drainage slot opening I is symmetrically opened on the lower end face of the lower forming die. A channel is formed between the drainage slot opening I and the water outlet I and leads to the inner cavity of the lower loose sleeve. The drainage slot opening II is symmetrically opened on the lower end face of the forming ring. A channel is formed between the drainage slot opening II and the water outlet II and leads to the outside of the lower die base, thereby ensuring the timeliness of water discharge and being able to discharge the accumulated water and secondary scale in the die cavity under normal production rhythm.

[0013] Further technical solution: The lower loose sleeve is arranged at the contact position between the lower mandrel and the lower forming die; an upper loose sleeve is arranged at the contact position between the upper forming die and the upper mandrel; the upper loose sleeve and the lower loose sleeve form a complete die cavity during the wheel forming process, and the downward movement of the upper loose sleeve plays a role in demolding the formed blank.

[0014] 3. Beneficial effects

[0015] Adopting the technical solution provided by the present invention, compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) For a wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, the lower die cavity drainage device includes an annular water outlet, and a drainage slot opening is arranged below the annular water outlet to form a closed die cavity, so as to ensure timely discharge of the accumulated water and secondary scale in the die cavity, thereby obtaining a good hot formed blank.

[0017] (2) For a wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, the size of the water outlet I is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower forming die and the inner diameter of the lower die ring; the size of the water outlet II is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower die ring and the inner diameter of the forming ring, and the sizes of the water outlet I and the water outlet II are restricted by the outer diameter sharp corner arc of the outer end face of the formed blank.

[0018] (3) For a wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, the rationality of the size of the water outlet is verified by the timeliness of water discharge and the smooth transition when the sharp corner at the outer rim surface of the formed blank is filled.

[0019] (4) For a wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, a channel is formed between the drainage slot opening I and the water outlet I and leads to the inner cavity of the lower loose sleeve; a channel is formed between the drainage slot opening II and the water outlet II and leads to the outside of the lower die base, thereby ensuring the timeliness of water discharge and being able to discharge the accumulated water and secondary scale in the die cavity under normal production rhythm.

[0020] (5) For a wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, the upper forming die has a flat mouth and no die cavity, and the corresponding die cavity of the outer wheel rim is on the lower die table, so a semi-closed die cavity will appear. Since the lower die cavity drainage device is arranged on the lower die base, a closed die cavity is formed, thus solving the problem of accumulated water.

[0021] (6) A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention, wherein the upper movable sleeve and the lower movable sleeve form a complete die cavity during the wheel forming process, and the downward movement of the upper movable sleeve serves to demold the formed blank. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the conventional wheel deformation mode;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the wheel deformation mode with a large difference in the rim plate distance of the anti-radiator plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the lower die cavity drainage device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structure diagram of the forming step closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic enlarged structure diagram at positions A and B;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the forming step die cavity forming state corresponding to the conventional wheel deformation mode;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the forming step semi-closed die cavity forming state corresponding to the wheel deformation mode with a large difference in the rim plate distance of the anti-radiator plate;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the finished product of the wheel with a large difference in the rim plate distance of the anti-radiator plate.

[0030] In the figure: 1 - upper die seat; 2 - lower die seat; 3 - formed blank; 11 - upper forming die; 12 - upper core rod; 13 - upper movable sleeve; 14 - upper die ring; 21 - lower forming die; 22 - lower core rod; 23 - lower movable sleeve; 24 - lower die ring; 25 - forming ring; 31 - secondary scale; A - water outlet Ⅰ; B - water outlet Ⅱ; C - drainage trough opening Ⅰ; D - drainage trough opening Ⅱ; PF - preforming; F - forming; R - rolling; BD - bending. Detailed Embodiments

[0031] To further understand the content of the present invention, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of this embodiment, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, it includes an upper die base 1 and a lower die base 2. An upper forming die 11 is fixedly installed below the upper die base 1, and a lower forming die 21 is fixedly installed above the lower die base 2. A upper core rod 12 vertically penetrates into the middle of the upper forming die 11, and a lower core rod 22 vertically penetrates into the middle of the lower forming die 21. An upper die ring 14 is arranged around the upper forming die 11, and a lower die ring 24 is arranged around the lower forming die. A forming ring 25 is arranged around the lower die ring 24. The upper forming die 11 and the lower forming die 21 are used in relative cooperation, and the cavity formed between the two is used for the forming of the blank 3.

[0034] During the hot forming of a train wheel with a large difference in the distance between the counterplate and the rim plate, first, the preforming step PF is carried out, then the forming step F, then the rolling step R, and finally the bending step BD. The preforming step PF plays the role of pre-distributing the metal volume of the hub and the rim. When forging with a press, it is forged with static pressure, and the press completes the final forging step in one stroke. Therefore, the metal is easy to flow horizontally and not easy to fill the upper and lower cavities. The train wheel with a large difference in the distance between the counterplate and the rim plate has the characteristic of a counterplate, so enough metal should be reserved to ensure that the inner hub surface and the outer rim surface are filled simultaneously in the next step.

[0035] As Figure 1 shown, the traditional deformation process is suitable for wheels with conventional shapes. When forging and deforming in the forming step, the inner side surface (with a flange surface) of the wheel faces downward; as Figure 8 shown, the South African wheel ZA866 belongs to a train wheel with a large difference in the distance between the counterplate and the rim plate. The outer rim plate distance reaches 94 mm, and at the same time, the inner hub is extremely long at 127 mm. If deformed in the conventional wheel deformation mode, it is difficult for the ZA866 wheel to ensure that the outer rim surface and the inner hub surface are filled simultaneously in the forming step. Deducing to the preform blank, it is necessary to have enough height and the metal should be discharged outward, that is, reserve enough metal to ensure that the inner hub surface and the outer rim surface are filled simultaneously in the forming step; as Figure 2 shown, to overcome this difficulty, the outer side surface (without a flange surface) faces downward during forging and deforming in the forming step; as Figure 3 shown, a lower die cavity drainage device is further arranged on the lower die base 2. The lower die cavity drainage device includes an annular water outlet, and a drainage trough opening is arranged below the annular water outlet to form a closed die cavity to ensure timely discharge of the accumulated water and secondary oxide scale 31 in the die cavity, so as to obtain a good hot-formed blank 3.

[0036] Embodiment 2

[0037] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that in Embodiment 1. The differences and improvements are as follows: As Figure 3-5As shown, the annular water outlet includes water outlet ⅠA and water outlet ⅡB. The water outlet ⅠA is arranged at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower forming die 21 and the inner diameter of the lower die ring 24; the water outlet ⅡB is arranged at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower die ring 24 and the inner diameter of the forming ring 25; the size of the water outlet ⅠA is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower forming die 21 and the inner diameter of the lower die ring 24; the size of the water outlet ⅡB is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower die ring 24 and the inner diameter of the forming ring 25, and the sizes of the water outlet ⅠA and the water outlet ⅡB are restricted by the outer diameter sharp corner arc of the outer end face of the formed blank 3.

[0038] Embodiment 3

[0039] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that in Embodiment 2. The differences and improvements are as follows: As Figure 3 、 4 shown, a water outlet ⅠA is designed at the inner diameter of the rim. The outer diameter of the lower forming die is reduced by 3 mm, and the inner diameter of the lower die ring is enlarged by 3 mm to form an annular water outlet, and the size is restricted by the inner diameter sharp corner arc of the outer end face of the formed blank 3; a water outlet ⅡB is designed at the outer diameter of the rim. The inner diameter of the forming ring 25 is enlarged by 3 mm, and the outer diameter of the lower die ring 24 is reduced by 3 mm to form an annular water outlet; the rationality of checking the size of the water outlet lies in the timeliness of water discharge on the one hand and the smooth transition when the sharp corner of the outer rim surface of the formed blank 3 is filled on the other hand.

[0040] Embodiment 4

[0041] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that in Embodiment 3. The differences and improvements are as follows: As Figure 3 、 4 shown, the drainage slot openings include drainage slot opening ⅠC and drainage slot opening ⅡD. The drainage slot opening ⅠC is symmetrically arranged on the lower end face of the lower forming die 21. A channel is formed between the drainage slot opening ⅠC and the water outlet ⅠA and leads to the inner cavity of the lower movable sleeve 23; the drainage slot opening ⅡD is symmetrically arranged on the lower end face of the forming ring 25. A channel is formed between the drainage slot opening ⅡD and the water outlet ⅡB and leads to the outside of the lower die base 2.

[0042] As Figure 2 shown, the hot forming process of a monobloc rolled steel wheel with large differences in the distance between the reverse web and the rim plate includes four working steps: preforming PF, forming F, rolling R, and bending BD. A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device of the present invention is applied to the forming working step; in the die cavity corresponding to the forming working step of the conventional wheel deformation method as Figure 6 shown, the die cavity corresponding to the outer rim is on the upper die table, and the part corresponding to the inner rim on the lower die table is a flat opening without a die cavity and no water accumulation problem; as Figure 7In the forming process die cavity corresponding to the wheel deformation mode with a large difference in the distance between the anti-radiator plate and the rim plate shown, the upper die table has a flat mouth and no die cavity. The die cavity corresponding to the outer rim is on the lower die table, presenting a semi-closed die cavity where there is a problem of water accumulation. Moreover, the secondary scale 31 generated on the billet taken out from the heating furnace will enter the die cavity together with the formed blank 3, making it difficult for the secondary scale 31 to be discharged from the die cavity. By providing a drain slot I C and a drain slot II D on the lower die base 2 and forming channels between the drain slot I C and the water outlet I A and between the drain slot II D and the water outlet II B respectively, the timeliness of water discharge can be ensured, and the water accumulation and secondary scale 31 in the die cavity can be discharged under the normal production rhythm, thus ensuring the timeliness of water discharge and being able to discharge the water accumulation and secondary scale 31 in the die cavity under the normal production rhythm.

[0043] Embodiment 5

[0044] A wheel forming closed die cavity drainage device in this embodiment has the same basic structure as that in Embodiment 4. The differences and improvements are as follows: As Figure 4 shown, the lower loose sleeve 23 is arranged at the contact position between the lower mandrel 22 and the lower forming die 21; an upper loose sleeve 13 is arranged at the contact position between the upper forming die 11 and the upper mandrel 12; the upper loose sleeve 13 and the lower loose sleeve 23 form a complete die cavity during the wheel forming process, and the downward movement of the upper loose sleeve 13 serves to demold the formed blank.

[0045] The above has schematically described the present invention and its embodiments. This description is not restrictive. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those of ordinary skill in the art are inspired by it and, without departing from the gist of the present invention, design similar structural forms and embodiments to this technical solution without creative efforts, they shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drainage device for a closed die cavity in wheel forming, comprising an upper die base (1) and a lower die base (2). An upper forming die (11) is fixedly installed below the upper die base (1), and a lower forming die (21) is fixedly installed above the lower die base (2). The upper forming die (11) and the lower forming die (21) are used in relative cooperation, and the cavity formed between them is used for the forming of a blank (3). It is characterized in that: Applicable to the forming process of wheels with large differences in the rim plate distance of the anti-radiator plate, a lower die cavity drainage device is further provided on the lower die base (2). The lower die cavity drainage device includes an annular water outlet, and a drainage trough opening is provided below the annular water outlet; when the wheel is forged and deformed in the forming process, it is in the manner of having its outer side facing downwards. A top core rod (12) vertically penetrates through the middle of the upper forming die (11), and a bottom core rod (22) vertically penetrates through the middle of the lower forming die (21); an upper die ring (14) is provided on the periphery of the upper forming die (11), and a lower die ring (24) is provided on the periphery of the lower forming die; a forming ring (25) is provided on the periphery of the lower die ring (24). The annular water outlet includes a water outlet Ⅰ (A) and a water outlet Ⅱ (B). The water outlet Ⅰ (A) is provided at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower forming die (21) and the inner diameter of the lower die ring (24); the water outlet Ⅱ (B) is provided at the connection between the outer diameter of the lower die ring (24) and the inner diameter of the forming ring (25). The drainage trough opening includes a drainage trough opening Ⅰ (C) and a drainage trough opening Ⅱ (D). The drainage trough opening Ⅰ (C) is symmetrically opened on the lower end face of the lower forming die (21). A channel is formed between the drainage trough opening Ⅰ (C) and the water outlet Ⅰ (A) and leads to the inner cavity of the lower loose sleeve (23); the drainage trough opening Ⅱ (D) is symmetrically opened on the lower end face of the forming ring (25). A channel is formed between the drainage trough opening Ⅱ (D) and the water outlet Ⅱ (B) and leads to the outside of the lower die base (2).

2. The drainage device for the closed mold cavity in wheel forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the water outlet Ⅰ (A) is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower forming die (21) and the inner diameter of the lower die ring (24); the size of the water outlet Ⅱ (B) is changed by changing the outer diameter of the lower die ring (24) and the inner diameter of the forming ring (25).

3. The drainage device for the closed die cavity in wheel forming according to claim 1, wherein: The lower loose sleeve (23) is arranged at the contact between the bottom core rod (22) and the lower forming die (21).

4. The drainage device for the closed mold cavity in wheel forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper forming die (11) has a flat mouth, and an upper loose sleeve (13) is provided at the contact between the upper forming die (11) and the top core rod (12).

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