Step-type replaceable carriage floor, unit cargo loading and unloading transportation system and operation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a step-type replaceable carriage floor, comprising an upper step fixed floor fixedly arranged at the front-middle part of the carriage and a replaceable movable floor movably arranged at the rear part of the carriage, the upper step fixed floor being provided with a plurality of rows of floor grooves opening upward; the replaceable movable floor being a multi-groove pallet structure, a plurality of upper grooves being provided on its upper surface, the size and position of the upper grooves corresponding to the floor grooves; a reciprocating device for longitudinally moving unit cargo is provided in the floor grooves, the reciprocating device performs lifting and longitudinal reciprocating movements in the floor grooves and the upper grooves. The present invention can realize the unit cargo transportation operation without pallet and the rapid loading and unloading operation of the unit cargo transportation without pallet, and can realize the mutual connection and conversion of the unit cargo operation with and without pallet. The present invention combines the advantages of the dynamic use mode of the pallet and the static use mode of the pallet, and overcomes the disadvantages of the two modes at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unitized logistics, and more specifically to a unitized loading and unloading transportation system and an operating method for a stepped replaceable carriage floor and unitized cargo. Background Art

[0002] Unit cargo refers to a group of goods or packages assembled together by one or more means to form an integral unit to facilitate loading and unloading, transportation, stacking and storage.

[0003] Unitized logistics technology is the main advanced technology in modern logistics. In the past, palletized unitized logistics technology was the most widely used in the entire logistics process of ordinary goods at home and abroad.

[0004] Pallet unitization operation refers to the unitized logistics operation with pallets that involves stacking unit goods on pallets for loading, unloading, transportation, handling and storage.

[0005] At present, in the pallet unitized logistics technology at home and abroad, there are two basic modes of pallet use: static use and dynamic use. In recent years, the medium and short-distance transportation business of inter-city, urban-rural, and intra-city logistics transportation in my country has developed rapidly. The transportation and loading and unloading operations of these logistics businesses currently mostly adopt the static use mode of pallets, that is, the manual loading and unloading operation mode of goods transported without pallets, and a small number of them adopt the dynamic use mode of pallets, that is, the unitized loading and unloading operation mode of unit goods transported with pallets.

[0006] The dynamic use mode of pallets, that is, the unitized loading and unloading and transportation operation mode of unit cargo with pallets, has the advantages of high loading and unloading and vehicle turnover efficiency, good operation quality and manpower saving; but it has the disadvantages of reduced vehicle actual load rate, large pallet usage and inventory, high pallet circulation, recycling and management costs and more consumption of loading and unloading and transportation resources.

[0007] The static use of pallets, that is, the manual loading and unloading operation mode where goods are transported without pallets, can achieve a high vehicle load rate, reduce pallet usage, and save pallet recycling and circulation costs and resources. However, it has the disadvantages of high manpower consumption, low efficiency of loading and unloading and logistics systems, poor operation quality, and a high rate of cargo damage.

[0008] At present, the volume of medium and short-distance transportation business in my country's logistics industry is huge and will continue to grow. However, the widespread drawbacks of the above-mentioned operating mode and the technical defects of pallet unitized logistics technology have generally and widely caused troubles to my country's logistics industry, affecting and restricting the cost reduction and efficiency improvement of logistics activities in the whole society. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a stepped replaceable carriage floor, a unit cargo loading and unloading transportation system and an operation method, so as to overcome the drawbacks of the current short- and medium-distance transportation and loading and unloading operations in my country's logistics industry and the defects of pallet unitized logistics technology, realize the unit cargo transportation operation without pallet and the unitized rapid loading and unloading operation of unit cargo without pallet transportation, and realize the mutual connection and conversion of unit cargo operations with and without pallets.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0011] A step-type replaceable car floor, comprising an upper step fixed floor fixedly arranged at the front-center portion of the car and a replaceable movable floor movably arranged at the rear portion of the car, the upper step fixed floor being longitudinally provided with a plurality of rows of floor grooves opening upward; the replaceable movable floor being a multi-groove tray structure, a plurality of upper grooves being opened on its upper surface, the size and position of the upper grooves corresponding to those of the floor grooves; a reciprocating device for longitudinally moving unit cargo is provided in the floor grooves, the reciprocating device performing lifting and lowering and longitudinal reciprocating movements in the floor grooves and the upper grooves.

[0012] Furthermore, the replaceable movable bottom plate includes a plurality of upper decks, the plurality of upper decks form a stacking upper plane, and the upper groove is longitudinally arranged between adjacent upper decks.

[0013] Furthermore, the replaceable movable bottom plate also includes a crossbeam, a longitudinal fork structure and a transverse fork structure for cooperating with a forklift, and the upper deck is fixed on the crossbeam.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a lower step fixed bottom plate fixedly arranged at the rear part of the car body, the replaceable movable bottom plate is movably arranged on the lower step fixed bottom plate, the upper step fixed bottom plate has an upper plane on the fixed bottom plate, the upper plane of the lower step fixed bottom plate is parallel to the upper plane on the fixed bottom plate, and the height difference is the same as the height of the replaceable movable bottom plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the replaceable movable bottom plate is divided into two left and right pieces and arranged in parallel on the fixed bottom plate of the lower step during operation.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a positioning structure for accurately positioning the replaceable movable bottom plate, and the positioning structure is arranged around the lower step fixed bottom plate; the positioning structure includes a transverse inclined wall panel, a side inclined wall panel, a positioning stop bar and a fork opening.

[0017] A unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system comprises the above-mentioned step-type replaceable carriage floor, and also comprises a logistics transportation vehicle provided with the step-type replaceable carriage floor, a plurality of the replaceable movable floors and an operation forklift.

[0018] A unitized logistics operation method uses the above-mentioned unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system to perform a unitized loading and unloading operation method for unit cargo without pallet transportation.

[0019] Furthermore, the method for loading unit cargo into a vehicle without a pallet for transportation includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. Using the replaceable movable bottom plate to carry out container stacking and packaging operations of goods, so that the single pieces of goods packaged together form an integrated unit cargo. When the integrated unit cargo is combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate, it becomes a unit cargo with a pallet; when the integrated unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate, it becomes a unit cargo without a pallet;

[0021] S2, transporting and storing the unit cargo with the replaceable movable bottom plate, i.e., the pallet, as described in step S1 according to the operation needs;

[0022] S3, when loading, first unload the replaceable movable floor by forklift; load the unit cargo packaged in step S1 by forklift in the direction consistent with the upper groove of the replaceable movable floor and the longitudinal direction of the carriage, and load the unit cargo with two plates of the replaceable movable floor in parallel on the lower step fixed floor;

[0023] S4, operate the reciprocating device to make it enter the upper groove of the replaceable movable bottom plate; operate the reciprocating device to raise the upper plane of the reciprocating device, and the unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate under the action of the raised upper plane of the reciprocating device; operate the reciprocating device to move toward the front of the carriage, so that the unit cargo on the reciprocating device moves toward the front of the carriage; operate the reciprocating device to descend, so that the unit cargo sits on the plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate; use the forklift to fork the replaceable movable bottom plate separated from the unit cargo away from the lower step fixed bottom plate;

[0024] S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the loading operation is completed.

[0025] Furthermore, the method for unloading unitized cargo without pallet transportation includes the following steps:

[0026] P1. When unloading, use a forklift to unload the replaceable movable bottom plate and the unit cargo stacked thereon;

[0027] P2. Use a forklift to place the empty replaceable movable bottom plate on the fixed bottom plate of the lower step;

[0028] P3, operate the reciprocating device to rise, so that the unit cargo in the carriage is separated from the plane on the upper step fixed bottom plate; operate the reciprocating device to move toward the rear of the carriage, and move the last row of the unit cargo to the replaceable movable bottom plate on the lower step fixed bottom plate; lower the upper plane of the reciprocating device and move it back to the front of the carriage to exit the replaceable movable bottom plate;

[0029] P4. Repeat steps P1-P3 until all unit cargo without pallets in the carriage is unloaded and the unloading operation is completed.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] The step-type replaceable carriage floor, unit cargo loading and unloading transportation system and operation method of the present invention can realize unit cargo transportation operations without pallets and fast loading and unloading operations of unit cargo without pallets, and can realize the mutual connection and conversion of unit cargo operations with and without pallets. The present invention combines the advantages of the dynamic use mode of pallets and the static use mode of pallets, and overcomes the shortcomings of the two modes at the same time. The implementation of the present invention can achieve the beneficial effects of improving efficiency, reducing labor, reducing pallet usage and inventory, saving pallet circulation consumption, and green environmental protection in the logistics business system and loading and unloading operation links of medium and short-distance transportation, which has positive significance for the early realization of the efficient logistics and green logistics goals of my country's logistics industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a step-type replaceable carriage floor of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a top view schematic diagram of the step-type replaceable carriage floor structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the replaceable movable bottom plate structure of the step-type replaceable carriage bottom plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a right side schematic diagram of the upper step fixed bottom plate of the step-type replaceable carriage bottom plate of the present invention (when the reciprocating moving device is not provided);

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a reciprocating moving device of a step-type replaceable carriage bottom plate of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a plane on which the upper plane of the reciprocating moving device of the present invention is not higher than the upper step fixed bottom plate;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing that the upper plane of the reciprocating device of the present invention is higher than the plane on the fixed bottom plate of the upper step. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step-type replaceable compartment floor comprises an upper step fixed floor 10 fixedly arranged at the middle front part of the compartment and a replaceable movable floor 30 movably arranged at the rear part of the compartment, the upper step fixed floor 10 is longitudinally provided with multiple rows of floor grooves 12 opening upward; the replaceable movable floor 30 is a multi-groove tray structure, and its upper surface is provided with multiple upper grooves 33, the size and position of the upper grooves 33 correspond to the floor grooves 12; a reciprocating device 50 for longitudinally moving unit cargo is arranged in the floor groove 12, and the reciprocating device 50 performs lifting and longitudinal reciprocating movements in the floor groove 12 and the upper groove 33. The above-mentioned components are further introduced in detail below.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a step-type replaceable car floor comprises an upper step fixed floor 10, a lower step fixed floor 20, a replaceable movable floor 30, a positioning structure 40 of the replaceable movable floor 30 and a reciprocating moving device 50 arranged on the upper step fixed floor 10.

[0043] The upper step fixed bottom plate 10 is arranged at the middle front part of the carriage and has a fixed bottom plate flat surface 11. Figure 2 As shown, on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, multiple rows of bottom plate grooves 12 with openings facing upward are evenly distributed symmetrically along the longitudinal center line 100. In the bottom plate grooves 12, a reciprocating moving device 50 is provided to enable unit cargo without pallets to move longitudinally.

[0044] The length of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 is related to the length of the compartment minus the longitudinal dimension of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, and the width of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 is the same as the width of the compartment. The length of the bottom plate groove 12 on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 is the same as the length of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, and the width and depth of the bottom plate groove 12 are related to the size of the lifting and moving device 50.

[0045] The lower step fixed bottom plate 20 is arranged at the rear of the carriage and is a flat bottom plate. The upper plane of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 is parallel to the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, and the height difference is the same as the height of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, that is, when the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is placed on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20, the stacking upper plane 300 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is on the same plane as the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10.

[0046] The length of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 is related to the longitudinal dimension of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, and the width of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 is related to the dimension of two replaceable movable bottom plates 30 arranged horizontally in parallel in the carriage.

[0047] like Figure 3 The structure diagram of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 of the present invention is shown; the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 adopts a multi-groove pallet structure, including an upper deck 31, a crossbeam 32, an upper groove 33, a longitudinal fork structure 34 and a transverse fork structure 35. A plurality of upper decks 31 form a stacking upper plane 300 for stacking unit cargo. A longitudinally extending upper groove 33 is formed between two adjacent upper decks 31, and the structure of the upper groove 33 corresponds to the structure of the bottom plate groove 12 provided on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10. The longitudinal fork structure 34 and the transverse fork structure 35 together form a four-way fork structure.

[0048] When the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is in operation, it is divided into two pieces, which are positioned side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20, and can be moved and replaced by a forklift during loading and unloading. When the reciprocating device 50 provided on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 is operated to enter the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 in the longitudinal direction, and to perform lifting and longitudinal reciprocating movements, the unit cargo without a pallet can be moved in and out of the carriage, and at the same time, the unit cargo can be connected and transformed between the state with a pallet and the state without a pallet, so as to realize the unit loading operation and transportation operation of the unit cargo with a pallet without a pallet, or the unit cargo without a pallet can be unloaded with a pallet.

[0049] Since the operation system has a plurality of replaceable movable base plates 30 , the replaceable movable base plates 30 can also be used for the transportation and storage of unit cargo.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the positioning structure 40 is arranged on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 section at the rear of the car, and is specifically arranged around the lower step fixed bottom plate 20. Its function is to position the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 more accurately at the rear of the car to prevent the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 from being incorrectly positioned or displaced during operation.

[0051] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the positioning structure 40 includes a transverse inclined wall panel 41, a side inclined wall panel 42, a positioning stop bar 43 and a fork opening 44. The transverse inclined wall panel 41 is arranged at the junction between the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the lower step fixed bottom plate 20, and the lower part is slightly inclined backward. The side inclined wall panels 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 at the lower part of the two side panels of the car, and the lower part is slightly inclined toward the longitudinal center line 100 in the car. The positioning stop bar 43 is transversely arranged at the rear end of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20, that is, the rearmost end of the car floor. The position of the fork opening 44 is related to the longitudinal fork structure 34 when the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is positioned on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20. The horizontal plane formed by the bottom of the transverse inclined wall panel 41, the side inclined wall panel 42 and the positioning stop bar 43 is in the same plane as the upper plane of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the reciprocating device 50 is arranged in the bottom plate groove 12 on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10. Figure 5 As shown, the reciprocating moving device 50 includes a lifting support rod 510, a lifting inclined block 511, a lifting push-pull rod 512, a lifting roller group 513, a lifting cylinder 514, a push-pull long rod 520, a push-pull roller 521, a push-pull cylinder 522 and a bottom groove roller 523, and a multi-hinge connecting plate 530 connecting the lifting support rod 510 and the push-pull long rod 520.

[0053] The lifting support rod 510 is a long groove-shaped rod with an opening downward, and lifting inclined blocks 511 are evenly arranged on the inner plane of the groove bottom. The thin end of the lifting inclined blocks 511 faces one end where the lifting cylinder 514 is arranged.

[0054] The lifting push-pull rod 512 is a slot-shaped long rod with an opening upward, which is arranged in the slot of the push-pull long rod 520 which is also opened upward, and is covered together in the slot of the lifting support rod 510 which is opened downward. The lifting roller set 513 is evenly arranged in the slot of the lifting push-pull rod 512, and the lower roller of the lifting roller set 513 passes through the third rectangular hole 5121 at the bottom of the slot of the lifting push-pull rod 512 and contacts the upper plane of the bottom of the slot of the push-pull long rod 520. The lifting roller set 513 has a one-to-one correspondence with the lifting inclined block 511. When in the original position, the upper roller of the lifting roller set 513 contacts the lowest end of the corresponding lifting inclined block 511, and the highest point of the upper roller of the lifting roller set 513 is in the same plane as the upper plane of the lifting push-pull rod 512.

[0055] The push-pull rod 520 is a slot-shaped rod with an opening facing upward, and the push-pull rod 520 supports the lifting push-pull rod 512 in the slot. At the same time, the push-pull rod 520 is in the slot of the lifting support rod 510 with an opening facing downward, and the lifting support rod 510 and the front and rear ends of the push-pull rod 520 are connected to each other through a multi-hinged connecting plate 530. The push-pull rod 520 supports the lifting support rod 510 upward through the lifting roller group 513, the lifting push-pull rod 512 and the lifting inclined block 511. The bottom of the slot of the push-pull rod 520 is provided with a push-pull roller 521, and the push-pull roller 521 passes through the first rectangular hole 5200 at the bottom of the slot of the push-pull rod 520 and contacts the upper plane of the slot bottom of the bottom slot roller 523.

[0056] Since the push-pull rod 520 supports the lifting push-pull rod 512 in the groove, and the gap between the upper plane of the groove bottom of the push-pull rod 520 and the lower plane of the groove bottom of the lifting push-pull rod 512 is small, it is necessary to open a second rectangular hole 5120 on the groove bottom of the lifting push-pull rod 512 to provide vertical space for the installation of the push-pull roller 521 and longitudinal movement space for the push-pull roller 521 when the lifting push-pull rod 512 moves relative to the push-pull rod 520.

[0057] The bottom groove roller 523 is a groove with an opening upward, and the upper plane of the groove bottom is the roller of the push-pull roller 521. By the reciprocating rolling of the push-pull roller 521 on the bottom groove roller 523, the push-pull long rod 520 drives the lifting support rod 510 to move back and forth.

[0058] The fixed end of the lifting cylinder 514 is connected to the push-pull rod 520, and the telescopic end is connected to the lifting push-pull rod 512. The lifting cylinder 514 must meet the following requirements: when the stroke is zero, the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is at a position not higher than the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate 10 of the upper step, such as Figure 6 When the maximum stroke, the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is located above the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate 10 of the upper step, as shown Figure 7 shown.

[0059] The fixed end of the push-pull cylinder 522 is connected to the bottom groove roller 523, and the telescopic end is connected to the push-pull long rod 520. The maximum stroke of the push-pull cylinder 522 is related to the longitudinal dimension of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 in the carriage, and the maximum stroke of the reciprocating device 50 is the same as the maximum stroke of the push-pull cylinder 522.

[0060] When the lifting cylinder 514 and the push-pull cylinder 522 are both at zero stroke, the reciprocating device 50 is in its original position; at this time, the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is not higher than the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, and the reciprocating device 50 is in the bottom plate groove 12 of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10.

[0061] The function of the reciprocating device 50 is to move unit cargo without a pallet from the rear end of the car to the front end of the car or from the front end of the car to the rear end of the car through lifting and lowering and longitudinal reciprocating movements in the bottom plate groove 12 of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 at the rear of the car.

[0062] The lifting process of the reciprocating device 50: Figure 6 , Figure 7 Shown and see Figure 5 When the lifting cylinder 514 pushes, the lifting push-pull rod 512 drives the lifting roller set 513 and the lifting roller set 513 drives the lifting inclined block 511 to lift the lifting support rod 510 upward; when the lifting cylinder 514 has a maximum stroke, the lifting support rod 510 rises to the highest position, and the upper plane of the lifting support rod 510 is higher than the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate, that is, the upper plane of the reciprocating moving device 50 is higher than the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, such as Figure 7 As shown; when the lifting cylinder 514 is pulling, the lifting push-pull rod 512 drives the lifting roller group 513, so that the lifting inclined block 511 drives the lifting support rod 510 to drop under the action of gravity until the upper plane of the lifting support rod 510 is not higher than the upper plane 11 of the fixed bottom plate, that is, the upper plane of the reciprocating moving device 50 is not higher than the upper plane of the fixed bottom plate 10 of the upper step, as shown Figure 6 shown.

[0063] The longitudinal movement process of the reciprocating device 50 is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, when the push-pull cylinder 522 pushes or pulls, the push-pull long rod 520 and the lifting support rod 510 driven by the push-pull long rod 520 roll back and forth on the bottom groove roller 523 through the push-pull roller 521. Figure 7 When the lifting support rod 510 is in the highest position as shown, the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is higher than the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10, and the reciprocating device 50 can perform reciprocating movement of the load on the unit cargo without pallets on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the replaceable movable bottom plate 30; Figure 6 When the upper plane of the reciprocating moving device 50 shown is not higher than the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, the load of the unit cargo without pallets is transferred to the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, and the reciprocating moving device 50 can perform empty return movement.

[0064] In actual operation, with the cooperation of forklift loading and unloading operations, according to the working principle of the reciprocating moving device 50 and the needs of loading and unloading operations, by repeatedly lifting and reciprocating the reciprocating moving device 50, the unit cargo without a pallet can be moved from the rear end of the carriage to the front end of the carriage to complete loading, or moved from the front end of the carriage to the rear end of the carriage to complete unloading.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system includes the step-type replaceable car body floor described in Example 1, and also includes a logistics transportation vehicle with the step-type replaceable car body floor, and a multi-groove pallet and an operation forklift that are consistent with the structure and size of the replaceable movable floor 30.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] A unitized logistics operation method uses the unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system as described in Example 2 to perform a unitized loading and unloading operation method for unit cargo without pallet transportation.

[0069] This embodiment discloses a method for loading unit cargo into a vehicle without a pallet for transportation, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1. The replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is used to carry out container stacking and packaging operations of goods, so that the single pieces of goods packaged together form an integrated unit cargo. When the integrated unit cargo is combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, it becomes a unit cargo with a pallet; when the integrated unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, it becomes a unit cargo without a pallet. The integrated unit cargo can also be repeatedly combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 to become a unit cargo with a pallet or separated to become a unit cargo without a pallet.

[0071] S2. The unit cargo with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, i.e., the pallet, as described in step S1 is transported and stored according to the operation requirements.

[0072] S3. When loading, first use a forklift to unload the two replaceable movable bottom plates 30 arranged side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 at the rear of the car; according to the loading design, the unit cargo with pallets that have been packed in step S1 is loaded by a forklift in the direction consistent with the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 and the longitudinal direction of the car, and the two unit cargo with the replaceable movable bottom plates 30 are installed side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20.

[0073] S4, operate the reciprocating device 50, so that the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 enters the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 under the condition that it is not higher than the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10 and the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30; operate the reciprocating device 50 to raise the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50, and the unit cargo is separated from the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 under the action of the raised upper plane of the reciprocating device 50, and the support of the unit cargo is transferred from the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 to the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50. The upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is operated to move toward the front of the car, so that the unit cargo without a pallet on the reciprocating device 50 that has been separated from the upper plane of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 is moved toward the front of the car by the longitudinal length of a pallet in the car; the reciprocating device 50 is operated to descend, and after the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 is descended, the unit cargo without a pallet is seated on the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10; the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 separated from the unit cargo is forked away from the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 by a forklift.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present application, step S3 further includes:

[0075] S41, the two replaceable movable bottom plates 30 carried by the vehicle that were forked off the fixed bottom plate 20 of the lower step in step S3 are forked back onto the fixed bottom plates 20 of the upper and lower steps; the reciprocating device 50 is operated to raise the upper surface of the reciprocating device 50, and the two left and right piles of unit cargo without pallets that have been moved to the fixed bottom plate 10 of the upper step are moved and transported to the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, and the upper surface of the reciprocating device 50 is lowered to make the unit cargo without pallets sit on the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, and the reciprocating device 50 is moved back to the fixed bottom plate 10 of the upper step; the two left and right forks of unit cargo with pallets formed by the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 carried by the vehicle on the fixed bottom plate 20 of the lower step that have been carrying the unit cargo are placed aside for standby use.

[0076] S42, the unit cargo with pallets that has been packed in step S1 is continuously loaded by a forklift in the direction that the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable floor 30 is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and two units of pallets are loaded side by side on the lower step fixed floor 20 at the rear of the vehicle; and the operation is continued according to step S4, so that the unit cargo loaded on the lower step fixed floor 20 at the rear of the vehicle is separated from the replaceable movable floor 30 and moved to the front of the vehicle.

[0077] S43, repeat the operation step S42 until the upper step fixed floor 10 in the carriage is filled with unit cargo without pallets; load the two piles of unit cargo with pallets assembled on the vehicle's own replaceable movable floor 30 placed aside in the operation step S41 onto the lower step fixed floor 20 at the rear of the carriage, and the whole vehicle loading operation is completed.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present application, the steps are also included: S5, repeating steps S3 and S4 to fill two rows of the unit cargo on the upper step fixed bottom plate 10; finally, two plates with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 are loaded in parallel on the left and right sides of the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 until the loading operation is completed.

[0079] This embodiment also discloses a method for unloading unitized cargo without a pallet, comprising the following steps:

[0080] P1. When unloading the vehicle, a forklift is used to unload the two stacks of replaceable movable bottom plates 30 mounted on the fixed bottom plate 20 at the lower step at the rear of the vehicle and the unit cargo stacked thereon.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present application, step P1 further includes:

[0082] P11. The two unloaded stacks of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 carried by the vehicle and the unit cargo stacked thereon are placed aside for standby use.

[0083] The unit cargo in this step refers to the use of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 to carry out the containerization, stacking and packaging of the cargo, so that the single pieces of cargo packaged together form an integrated unit cargo; when the integrated unit cargo is combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, it becomes a unit cargo with a pallet; when the integrated unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate 30, it becomes a unit cargo without a pallet. The integrated unit cargo can also be repeatedly combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 to become a unit cargo with a pallet or separated to become a unit cargo without a pallet.

[0084] P2. Use a forklift to place the two empty replaceable movable bottom plates 30 side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 according to the direction requirements.

[0085] P3. Operate the reciprocating device 50 to rise, so that the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 rises. Under the action of the rising upper plane of the reciprocating device 50, the unit cargo without pallets in the car is separated from the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10; operate the reciprocating device 50 to move toward the rear of the car, so that all the unit cargo without pallets in the car are moved to the rear of the car by the longitudinal length of one pallet in the car, that is, the last row of parallel unit cargo without pallets is moved to the multi-groove pallet on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20, that is, the replaceable movable bottom plate 30; lower the upper plane of the reciprocating device 50 and move it back to the front of the car to exit the multi-groove pallet, that is, the upper groove 33 of the replaceable movable bottom plate 30; use a forklift to unload the replaceable movable bottom plate 30 and the unit cargo stacked thereon for stacking or transporting into storage.

[0086] In one embodiment of the present application, step P3 further includes:

[0087] P31. Repeat the operation steps P1 and P2 until all the unit cargo without pallets in the carriage is unloaded, and at the same time, the reciprocating moving device 50 is operated to be in the original position in the bottom plate groove 12 of the upper step fixed bottom plate 10.

[0088] P32. Load the two stacks of unit cargo with pallets stacked on the vehicle's own replaceable movable floor 30 that were previously unloaded in step P11 and placed aside onto the lower step fixed floor 20 at the rear of the car, operate the reciprocating device 50 to separate the two stacks of unit cargo with pallets stacked on the vehicle's own replaceable movable floor 30 from the replaceable movable floor 30 as a whole, and move the two parallel stacks of unit cargo without pallets into the car to the upper step fixed floor 10 for temporary storage; use a forklift to unload the two parallel replaceable movable floors 30 that have been separated from the unit cargo at the rear of the car and place them aside.

[0089] P4. Repeat the steps of P2 and P3, and use a forklift to unload the formed unit cargo with pallets from the rear of the car for stacking or transporting into the warehouse to complete the unloading operation.

[0090] In one embodiment of the present application, step P4 further includes:

[0091] P41, use a forklift to place the two replaceable movable bottom plates 30 carried by the vehicle side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate 20 at the rear of the carriage, and complete the unloading operation.

[0092] The above description describes the loading operation method, unloading operation method and process of unit cargo without pallet transportation operation using the step-type replaceable carriage floor and the unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system. It is worth noting that during the operation, the reciprocating moving device 50 is used to convert the unit cargo with pallet state and the state without pallet state between the upper step fixed floor 10 and the replaceable movable floor 30. By using this function and operation needs, the pallet replacement operation of the unit cargo with pallet can be realized.

[0093] Preferably, in a closed-loop circulation system, multiple replaceable mobile base plates 30 can be mixed and used indiscriminately during transportation and loading and unloading, and the operation can be extended to handling and storage, which can simplify the above-mentioned operation method and improve the operation efficiency.

[0094] The above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, many changes can be made in the specific implementation methods and application scopes based on the ideas of the present invention. As long as these changes do not deviate from the concept of the present invention, they all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-type replaceable carriage floor, Features: The invention comprises an upper step fixed bottom plate (10) fixedly arranged at the middle front part of a carriage and a replaceable movable bottom plate (30) movably arranged at the rear part of the carriage, wherein the upper step fixed bottom plate (10) is longitudinally provided with a plurality of bottom plate grooves (12) opening upward; the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) is a multi-groove tray structure, and a plurality of upper grooves (33) are opened on its upper surface, and the size and position of the upper grooves (33) correspond to those of the bottom plate grooves (12); a reciprocating device (50) for longitudinally moving unit cargo is arranged in the bottom plate grooves (12), and the reciprocating device (50) ) performs lifting and longitudinal reciprocating movements in the bottom plate groove (12) and the upper groove (33); also includes a lower step fixed bottom plate (20) fixedly arranged at the rear of the compartment, and the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) is movably arranged on the lower step fixed bottom plate (20); also includes a positioning structure (40) for accurately positioning the replaceable movable bottom plate (30), the positioning structure (40) being arranged around the lower step fixed bottom plate (20); the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) is divided into two left and right pieces and arranged side by side on the lower step fixed bottom plate (20) during operation.

2. The step-type replaceable car floor according to claim 1, Features: The replaceable movable bottom plate (30) comprises a plurality of upper decks (31), wherein the plurality of upper decks (31) form a stacking upper plane (300), and the upper groove (33) is longitudinally arranged between adjacent upper decks (31).

3. The step-type replaceable car floor according to claim 2, Features: The replaceable movable bottom plate (30) further comprises a crossbeam (32), a longitudinal fork structure (34) and a transverse fork structure (35) for cooperating with a forklift, and the upper deck (31) is fixed on the crossbeam (32).

4. The step-type replaceable car floor according to claim 2, Features: The upper step fixed bottom plate (10) has an upper fixed bottom plate plane (11), and the upper plane of the lower step fixed bottom plate (20) is parallel to the upper fixed bottom plate plane (11), and the height difference is the same as the height of the replaceable movable bottom plate (30).

5. The step-type replaceable car floor according to claim 4, Features: The positioning structure (40) comprises a transversely inclined wall panel (41), a side inclined wall panel (42), a positioning stop bar (43) and a fork opening (44).

6. A unit cargo loading and unloading transportation system, Features: It comprises the step-type replaceable car body floor as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and also comprises a logistics transportation vehicle provided with the step-type replaceable car body floor, a plurality of the replaceable movable floors (30) and an operation forklift.

7. A unitized logistics operation method, using the unit cargo loading and unloading transportation operation system as described in claim 6 to perform a unitized loading and unloading operation method for unit cargo without pallet transportation.

8. The unitized logistics operation method according to claim 7, Features: The method for loading unit cargo without pallet transport includes the following steps: S1. Using the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) to carry out container stacking and packaging operations for goods, so that the single pieces of goods packaged together form an integrated unit cargo. When the integrated unit cargo is combined with the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) to form a whole, it becomes a unit cargo with a pallet; when the integrated unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate (30), it becomes a unit cargo without a pallet; S2, transporting and storing the unit cargo with the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) after step S1, i.e., with the pallet, according to the operation requirements; S3, when loading, first unload the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) by a forklift; load the unit cargo that has been packed in step S1 by a forklift in the direction that the upper groove (33) of the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the carriage, and load the unit cargo with two plates of the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) on the lower step fixed bottom plate (20) in parallel on the left and right sides; S4, operating the reciprocating device (50) to make the reciprocating device (50) enter the upper groove (33) of the replaceable movable bottom plate (30); operating the reciprocating device (50) to raise the upper plane of the reciprocating device (50), and the unit cargo is separated from the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) under the action of the upper plane of the reciprocating device (50) being raised; operating the reciprocating device (50) to move toward the front of the carriage, so that the unit cargo on the reciprocating device (50) moves toward the front of the carriage; operating the reciprocating device (50) to descend, so that the unit cargo sits on the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate (10); using the forklift to fork the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) separated from the unit cargo away from the lower step fixed bottom plate (20); S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until the loading operation is completed.

9. The unitized logistics operation method according to claim 7, Features: The method for unloading unitized cargo without pallet transport includes the following steps: P1. When unloading the vehicle, the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) and the unit cargo stacked thereon are unloaded by a forklift; P2. Use a forklift to place the empty replaceable movable bottom plate (30) on the lower step fixed bottom plate (20); P3, operate the reciprocating device (50) to rise, so that the unit cargo in the carriage is separated from the upper plane of the upper step fixed bottom plate (10); operate the reciprocating device (50) to move toward the rear of the carriage, and move the last row of the unit cargo to the replaceable movable bottom plate (30) on the lower step fixed bottom plate (20); lower the upper plane of the reciprocating device (50) and move it back to the front of the carriage to exit the replaceable movable bottom plate (30); P4. Repeat steps P1-P3 until all unit cargo without pallets in the carriage is unloaded and the unloading operation is completed.

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