Dust reduction device for peanut picking and harvesting machine

Abstract

The present invention provides a dust reduction device for a peanut picking harvester. The peanut picking harvester is provided with a seedling collecting box, a cleaning air screen and a fruit picking device. An upward exhaust port is provided on the top surface of the seedling collecting box. The dust reduction device is composed of a dust recovery pipe and a uniform wind device. One end of the dust recovery pipe is connected to the exhaust port, and the other end is connected to the cleaning air screen and / or the fruit picking device through the uniform wind device. The uniform wind device is provided with a cylindrical shell. A plurality of air guide pipes distributed in concentric circles are fixed in the cylindrical shell. The smaller the diameter of the air guide pipe, the longer the length. The end faces of the plurality of air guide pipes close to the air inlet side are flush. The end face of the other end is provided with an annular step abutting against the inner wall of the cylindrical shell. The annular step divides the air outlet slot into a plurality of air outlets. The present invention reduces the dust height by changing the exhaust gas emission direction of the seedling collecting box of the peanut picking harvester. At the same time, it can reduce the exhaust volume of the cleaning air screen fan and increase the probability of interaction between the fruit picking nail teeth and the peanut seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a dust reduction device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine. Background Art

[0002] As an important oil crop and high-quality protein resource, my country's peanut planting area and output are among the highest in the world. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in 2016, China's peanut planting area was 4.75×10 6 hm 2 , accounting for 16.68% of the world; output 1.7×107 t , accounting for 40.26% of the world. Peanut vines are rich in crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates, and are excellent livestock and poultry feed. Generally, the yield of peanut vines per mu is equivalent to the yield of pods, that is, the annual output of peanut vines in my country is nearly 17 million tons.

[0003] Peanut cultivation in my country is widely distributed, mainly concentrated in Henan, Shandong, Guangdong, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions, with more than 300 varieties of peanuts planted and various planting patterns. Most regions still rely on manual and semi-mechanized production, especially in the harvesting process, where labor accounts for about 1 / 3 of the entire production process and operating costs account for about 50% of the total production costs.

[0004] Mechanization, as the main way to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce labor costs, provides a strong guarantee for the development of agricultural production. There are two main forms of mechanized peanut harvesting, namely, combined harvesting and two-stage harvesting. Combined harvesting is a semi-feeding form. When harvesting, the peanut seedlings are fresh and do not need to be crushed, making them easy to collect; two-stage harvesting is to use an excavator to dig in the field, dry them, and then use a pick-up harvester to harvest. The pick-up harvester is a full-feeding form. Its main components are as follows: Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, most peanut seedlings are dry when harvested, and if you want to collect peanut seedlings as feed, you need to crush them and blow them to the seedling collection box with air force. In addition, the peanut seedlings carry soil, which causes a lot of dust to be raised from the exhaust port of the seedling collection box during harvest, which sprays into the air like a chimney, up to 20 to 30 meters high; if there is wind during harvest, the dust will stretch for hundreds of meters, increasing the PM2.5 content in the air around nearby villages and causing environmental pollution. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a dust reduction device for a peanut picking harvester, which reduces the dust height by changing the exhaust gas emission direction of the peanut picking harvester's seedling collecting box. By changing the direction of the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box and directing the exhaust port to the side or below, the dust emission height is reduced, and the conditions for dust diffusion are reduced. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0006] A dust reduction device for a peanut picking harvester, wherein the peanut picking harvester is provided with a seedling collecting box at the rear, an upward exhaust port is provided on the top surface of the seedling collecting box, and a cleaning air screen and a fruit picking device are provided in the middle of the peanut picking harvester, wherein the cleaning air screen is located at the lower side of the fruit picking device, and the device is characterized in that:

[0007] The dust suppression device is composed of a dust recovery pipe and a uniform wind device, one end of the dust recovery pipe is connected to the exhaust port through a flange, and the other end is connected to the cleaning air screen and / or the fruit picking device through the uniform wind device, and the uniform wind device is installed at the bottom of the cleaning air screen and / or the fruit picking device;

[0008] The dust recovery pipe includes a transverse top pipe connected to the exhaust port, and a side pipe fixed to one side of the peanut picking and harvesting machine, one end of the side pipe is connected to the transverse top pipe, and the other end is connected to the uniform air device;

[0009] The air uniforming device is provided with a cylindrical shell, one end of which is connected to the dust recovery pipe at the air inlet side, and a strip-shaped air outlet slot communicating with the cleaning air screen and / or the fruit picking device is provided in the length direction of the cylindrical shell;

[0010] A plurality of air ducts distributed in concentric circles are fixed in the cylindrical shell. The smaller the diameter of the air duct, the longer the length. The end faces of the plurality of air ducts close to the air inlet side are flush, and the end faces of the other ends are provided with an annular step abutting against the inner wall of the cylindrical shell. The annular step divides the air outlet slot into a plurality of air outlets. The inner cavity of the innermost circle of the air duct, the gaps between adjacent air ducts, and the gaps between the outermost circle of the air duct and the inner wall of the cylindrical shell constitute a plurality of air ducts respectively connected to the plurality of air outlets.

[0011] The air exhausted from the seedling collecting box is discharged to the uniform wind device through the dust recovery pipe, and is divided into several air streams by multiple air ducts and discharged to the cleaning air screen and / or the fruit picking device through each air outlet. The cross-sectional area of ​​each air duct is equal to the ratio of the air outlet corresponding to each air duct.

[0012] Furthermore, an air outlet cover fixed on the side wall of the cylindrical shell is provided at the edge of the air outlet slot, and a plurality of outlet air guide plates in a row are fixed on the air outlet cover, and the air guide plates are respectively arranged flush with the annular steps of each air guide pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting plate with threaded holes is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical shell, and the mounting plate is an angle steel.

[0014] Furthermore, the spacings between the annular steps of adjacent air guide pipes are equal.

[0015] Furthermore, five air ducts are arranged in the cylindrical shell, and the annular steps of the five air ducts divide the air outlet slot into six air outlets, the widths of the four middle air outlets are equal, and the widths of the two air outlets on both sides are equal and are 1 / 2 of the width of the middle air outlet;

[0016] Assume that the radius of the cylindrical shell is d, and the radii of the five air ducts from outside to inside are d1, d2, d3, d4, and d5, respectively, and satisfy the following relationship:

[0017]

[0018] Furthermore, the side tube includes:

[0019] A side vertical tube connected to the horizontal top tube, and a side horizontal tube connected to the other end of the side vertical tube.

[0020] Furthermore, the air outlet direction from the air outlet slot is from bottom to top.

[0021] Furthermore, a filter is provided on the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box.

[0022] Furthermore, the angle between the annular step and the air guide pipe is a rounded angle or a right angle.

[0023] Furthermore, a filter is installed on the air outlet cover, or vertebral thorns are densely distributed on the inner side of the air outlet cover.

[0024] The dust reduction device of a peanut picking harvester proposed in the present invention reduces the dust height by changing the exhaust gas emission direction of the peanut picking harvester's seedling collecting box. We change the direction of the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box and guide the exhaust gas to the cleaning air screen and the fruit picking device through the dust recovery pipe and the uniform wind device, which can reduce the exhaust volume of the cleaning air screen fan and reduce the fan power; or the exhaust gas can blow away the peanut seedlings in the fruit picking device, increase the probability of the fruit picking nail teeth interacting with the peanut seedlings, which is conducive to the separation of peanut pods from the peanut seedlings, increase the fruit picking rate, and improve the work quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1-2 A peanut picking and harvesting machine based on the dust reduction device of the present invention (the wind uniforming device is respectively connected with the cleaning wind screen and / or the fruit picking device);

[0027] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of a wind uniforming device in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of each air duct inside the air uniforming device in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an air uniformity device marked with an air outlet width in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a wind uniforming device in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the width of each air outlet in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details. In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, some technical features well known in the art are not described.

[0033] In order to fully understand the present invention, detailed steps and detailed structures will be proposed in the following description to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may also have other implementations.

[0034] The present invention provides a dust reduction device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine, such as Figure 1-2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a currently common peanut picking harvester, wherein: 1 is a cab, 2 is a picking platform, 3 is a walking chassis, 4 is a cleaning air screen, 5 is a fruit picking device, 6 is a seedling collecting box, 7 is a peanut seedling crushing and lifting device, and 8 is a fruit collecting box. The seedling collecting box 6 is arranged at the rear of the peanut picking harvester, and an upward exhaust port is arranged on the top surface of the seedling collecting box 6. The cleaning air screen 4 and the fruit picking device 5 are arranged in the middle of the peanut picking harvester, and the cleaning air screen 4 is located at the lower side of the fruit picking device 5. The dust reduction device is composed of a dust recovery pipe 9 and a uniform wind device 10, one end of the dust recovery pipe 9 is connected to the exhaust port through a flange, and the other end is connected to the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5 through the uniform wind device 10, and the uniform wind device 10 is installed at the bottom of the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5;

[0035] The dust recovery pipe 9 includes a transverse top pipe 91 connected to the exhaust port, and a side pipe 92 fixed to one side of the peanut picking and harvesting machine, one end of the side pipe 92 is connected to the transverse top pipe, and the other end is connected to the uniform wind device 10;

[0036] The wind uniforming device 10 is provided with a cylindrical housing 15, one end of the cylindrical housing 15 is connected to the dust recovery pipe 9 at the air inlet side, and a strip-shaped air outlet slot 13 communicating with the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5 is opened in the length direction of the cylindrical housing 15;

[0037] A plurality of air ducts distributed in concentric circles are fixed in the cylindrical shell 15, and the reference numerals from the inside to the outside are 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, respectively. The smaller the diameter of the air duct, the longer the length. The end faces of the plurality of air ducts close to the air inlet side are flush, and the end faces of the other ends are provided with annular steps 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 abutting against the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 15. The annular steps divide the air outlet slot 13 into a plurality of air outlets. The inner cavity of the innermost air duct, the gaps between adjacent air ducts, and the gaps between the outermost air duct and the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 15 constitute a plurality of air ducts respectively connected to the plurality of air outlets.

[0038] The air exhausted from the seedling collecting box is discharged to the uniform wind device 10 through the dust recovery pipe 9, and is divided into several air streams by multiple air ducts and discharged to the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5 through each air outlet respectively. The cross-sectional area of ​​each air duct is equal to the ratio of the air outlet corresponding to each air duct.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the air outlet direction from the air outlet slot 13 is from bottom to top.

[0040] The present invention proposes a device for reducing dust by recycling the exhaust gas from the seedling collecting box of a peanut picking harvester, while increasing the power utilization efficiency of the harvester and improving the work quality. If the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box is only changed to the downward or sideways direction, the dust cannot be effectively reduced, and if it is downward, the airflow will also blow up the dust on the surface of the field, causing secondary dust. For this reason, the exhaust gas from the seedling collecting box can be introduced into the cleaning air screen or the fruit picking device through a dust recovery pipe to reduce dust. In addition, a uniform wind device 10 is arranged between the dust recovery pipe 9 and the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5. The uniform wind device 10 can be used to divide the wind into multiple uniform air outlets and discharge them from the lower right to the top of each small air outlet. Each wind blows evenly to the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5, which better increases the power utilization efficiency of the harvester and avoids excessive local wind speed, thereby reducing the occurrence of turbulence.

[0041] If the exhaust gas is introduced into the cleaning air screen 4 (blowing from bottom to top), the exhaust volume of the cleaning air screen fan can be reduced, and the fan power can be reduced; if the exhaust gas is introduced into the fruit picking device 5 (blowing from bottom to top), the exhaust gas can blow away the peanut vines in the fruit picking device, increase the probability of interaction between the fruit picking nail teeth and the peanut vines, and help the peanut pods to separate from the peanut vines, increase the fruit picking rate, and improve the work quality. Whether the exhaust gas is introduced into the cleaning air screen or the fruit picking device, the exhaust gas is introduced into a relatively closed space, which reduces the height of the dust, is not conducive to the diffusion of dust, and the dust gradually settles to the surface during continuous recycling.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the angle between the annular step and the air guide duct is a rounded angle or a right angle, preferably a rounded angle.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, further, a detachable filter is provided on the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box to intercept peanut seedlings, ground film, etc. in the exhaust gas to prevent the recovery pipe from being blocked.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, an air outlet cover 14 fixed to the side wall of the cylindrical shell 15 is provided at the edge of the air outlet slot 13, and a plurality of outlet air guide plates 11 arranged in a row are fixed to the air outlet cover 14, and the air guide plates 11 are respectively arranged flush with the annular steps of each air guide pipe. Preferably, a uniform air filter is installed on the air outlet cover, or vertebral spurs are densely distributed on the inner side of the air outlet cover, which can further improve the uniform air effect.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, a mounting plate 12 with threaded holes is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical housing 15, and the mounting plate 12 is an angle steel. The wind uniforming device 10 is mounted on the lower side of the cleaning air screen 4 and / or the fruit picking device 5 through the mounting plate 12.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, the spacing between the annular steps of adjacent air ducts is equal. Preferably, five air ducts are arranged in the cylindrical shell 15, and the reference numerals from the inside to the outside are 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, respectively. The annular steps 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 of the five air ducts divide the air outlet slot 13 into six air outlets, and the widths of the four middle air outlets are equal, and the widths of the two air outlets on both sides are equal and are 1 / 2 of the width of the middle air outlet. Figure 6 As shown, because L2 = L3 = L4 = L5 = 2L1 = 2L6 = L / 5, L is the total width of the air outlet slot 13, L2, L3, L4, L5 are the widths of the four middle air outlets, and L1 and L6 are the widths of the two air outlets on both sides. In order to make the air volume of each small air outlet the same, that is, the air intake of each air duct is the same (assuming that the wind is evenly distributed at the interface between the dust recovery pipe and the uniform wind device), the annular area formed by each air duct should satisfy the following relationship:

[0047] S2=S3=S4=S5=2S1=2S6=S / 5, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylindrical housing 15,

[0048] And S = πd 2 / 4

[0049] S6=S / 10=πd5 2 / 4

[0050] so

[0051] S5=πd4 2 / 4-S6=S / 5

[0052] so

[0053] By analogy, we can calculate:

[0054]

[0055] The radii of the air ducts calculated by the above formula can make the final air output almost equal by using air ducts with corresponding radii.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the side tube 92 includes: a side vertical tube connected to the horizontal top tube 91, and a side horizontal tube connected to the other end of the side vertical tube. The side tube 92 is arranged close to the side of the shell of the peanut picking and harvesting machine, does not occupy too much horizontal and vertical space, and makes the layout more compact.

[0057] The above describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and the devices and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any technician familiar with the art can use the above-disclosed methods and technical contents to make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes, which does not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust reduction device for a peanut picking harvester, wherein the peanut picking harvester is provided with a seedling collecting box (6) at the rear, an upward exhaust port is provided on the top surface of the seedling collecting box (6), and a cleaning air screen (4) and a fruit picking device (5) are provided in the middle of the peanut picking harvester, the cleaning air screen (4) is located at the lower side of the fruit picking device (5), and is characterized in that: The dust reduction device is composed of a dust recovery pipe (9) and a uniform wind device (10); one end of the dust recovery pipe (9) is connected to the exhaust port via a flange, and the other end is connected to the cleaning air screen (4) and / or the fruit picking device (5) via the uniform wind device (10); the uniform wind device (10) is installed at the bottom of the cleaning air screen (4) and / or the fruit picking device (5); The dust recovery pipe (9) comprises a transverse top pipe connected to the exhaust port, and a side pipe fixed to one side of the peanut picking and harvesting machine, one end of the side pipe being connected to the transverse top pipe, and the other end being connected to the air uniforming device (10); The air uniforming device (10) is provided with a cylindrical housing (15), one end of the cylindrical housing (15) is connected to the dust recovery pipe (9) at the air inlet side, and a strip-shaped air outlet slot (13) communicating with the cleaning air screen (4) and / or the fruit picking device (5) is provided in the length direction of the cylindrical housing (15); A plurality of air ducts arranged in concentric circles are fixed in the cylindrical outer shell (15); the smaller the diameter of the air duct, the longer the length; the end surfaces of the plurality of air ducts close to the air inlet side are flush, and the end surfaces at the other ends are provided with an annular step that abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical outer shell (15); the annular step divides the air outlet slot (13) into a plurality of air outlets; the inner cavity of the innermost air duct, the gaps between adjacent air ducts, and the gaps between the outermost air duct and the inner wall of the cylindrical outer shell (15) form a plurality of air ducts respectively connected to the plurality of air outlets; The air exhausted from the seedling collecting box is discharged to the air uniforming device (10) through the dust recovery pipe (9), and is divided into a plurality of air outlets by a plurality of air ducts and respectively discharged to the cleaning air screen (4) and / or the fruit picking device (5) through each air outlet, and the cross-sectional area of ​​each air duct is equal to the ratio of the air outlet corresponding to each air duct; An air outlet cover (14) fixed to the side wall of the cylindrical shell (15) is provided at the edge of the air outlet slot (13), and a plurality of outlet air guide plates (11) arranged in a row are fixed to the air outlet cover (14), wherein the air guide plates (11) are respectively arranged flush with the annular steps of each air guide pipe; A mounting plate (12) with threaded holes is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical housing (15), and the mounting plate (12) is an angle steel.

2. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacings between the annular steps of adjacent air guide ducts are equal.

3. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Five air guide pipes are arranged in the cylindrical housing (15), and the annular steps of the five air guide pipes divide the air outlet slot (13) into six air outlets, the four middle air outlets are of equal width, and the two air outlets on both sides are of equal width and are 1 / 2 of the width of the middle air outlet; Assuming that the radius of the cylindrical housing (15) is d, the radii of the five air guide pipes from outside to inside are d1, d2, d3, d4, and d5, respectively, and satisfy the following relationship: 。 4. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side tube comprises: A side vertical tube connected to the horizontal top tube, and a side horizontal tube connected to the other end of the side vertical tube.

5. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet direction of the air outlet slot (13) is from bottom to top.

6. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter screen is provided on the exhaust port of the seedling collecting box (6).

7. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the annular step and the air guide pipe is a rounded angle or a right angle.

8. The dust suppression device for a peanut picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter screen is installed on the air outlet cover (14), or vertebral thorns are densely distributed on the inner side of the air outlet cover (14).

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