Weir structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a weir structure, comprising: a weir body across a river channel, a groove penetrating the weir body along the water flow direction is provided on the upper surface of the weir body; and a multi-level water retaining sill is provided downstream of the groove, the multi-level water retaining sill is arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel, there is a height difference between the top water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills, and a water flow regulating pool is formed between the top water retaining sill and the weir body, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills. The fish passing function of the weir body is realized by providing a groove on the upper surface of the weir body, and at the same time, a multi-level water retaining sill is arranged downstream of the groove on the weir body to form a multi-level water flow regulating pool arranged in a stepped shape from upstream to downstream of the river channel, providing a path for fish to migrate upstream and downstream freely. The design is simple, and the later operation, maintenance and management are convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and in particular to a weir dam structure. Background Art

[0002] In river management, in order to meet the needs of flood control, water storage, irrigation, landscape and living functions, weirs are usually built across the river. These weirs are usually made of reinforced concrete and concrete structures, and mainly serve the functions of water storage, irrigation and flood control. Since ecological factors are not taken into account in the design of traditional weir projects, the construction of these weirs often has a significant adverse impact on the river ecosystem, such as causing the fragmentation of river habitats and changes in the habitats of organisms upstream and downstream of the weirs. For rivers with migratory fish, the construction of weirs will also block the paths for fish and other organisms to migrate upstream and downstream freely, thereby reducing the biodiversity of the river and even causing the extinction of some rare fish.

[0003] In order to solve the adverse effects of river weirs on fish migration, the design of river-blocking structures (such as power stations, water conservancy hubs, etc.) on large and medium-sized rivers usually adopts engineering measures such as building fishways, supplemented by measures such as reproduction and release, and building fish protection areas. However, due to the limitations of design concepts and economic cost considerations, the above measures are rarely used in the management of small and medium-sized rivers. With the gradual improvement of awareness of ecological and environmental protection, it is an urgent practical problem to transform a large number of small and medium-sized river weirs to improve their adverse ecological impacts and solve the problem of low-barrier fish passage. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a weir structure with a fish passing function to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a weir structure, comprising: a weir body spanning a river channel, a groove penetrating the weir body along the water flow direction is provided on the upper surface of the weir body; and a multi-level water retaining sill is arranged downstream of the groove, the multi-level water retaining sill is arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel, there is a height difference between the top water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills, and a water flow regulating pool is formed between the top water retaining sill and the weir body, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills.

[0006] Preferably, a first notch penetrating the weir body along the water flow direction is provided on the bottom wall of the groove.

[0007] Preferably, a gate for adjusting the water flow in the groove is provided in the groove.

[0008] Preferably, a step is provided on the bottom wall of the groove.

[0009] Preferably, the groove is provided at one end of the weir body close to the river bank on one side of the river channel, and the water retaining sill is arranged in a fan shape with the groove as the center at the downstream of the groove.

[0010] Preferably, a second notch is provided on the upper surface of the water retaining sill and penetrates the water retaining sill along the water flow direction.

[0011] Preferably, the height difference between the uppermost water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove and the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water retaining sill are the same.

[0012] Preferably, the height difference between the uppermost water retaining sill and the bottom wall of the groove and the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water retaining sill are no more than 30 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool is not less than twice the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills.

[0014] Preferably, a water collecting trough is provided on the downstream side of the lowest level of water retaining sill, and the water collecting trough is provided with gravel and / or rough stones and / or aquatic plants.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant improvements:

[0016] The weir structure of the present invention realizes the fish passing function of the weir body by providing a groove for fish to pass through on the upper surface of the weir body. At the same time, by arranging multiple levels of water retaining sills downstream of the grooves on the weir body, multiple levels of water flow regulating pools are arranged in a stepped manner from upstream to downstream along the river channel, providing fish with a path for upstream migration and free migration upstream and downstream. Each level of water flow regulating pool has the function of dissipating energy and providing a place for fish to stay and rest, so that fish can pass through each level of water flow regulating pool from top to bottom in turn to realize the fish passing function. At the same time, each level of water flow regulating pool can also meet the needs of fish migration. Migrating fish can easily cross the water retaining sills upstream of each level of water flow regulating pool from the downstream in turn to enter the upper level of water flow regulating pool, until crossing the grooves on the weir body and entering the upstream river to realize migration. Therefore, the weir structure of the present invention can effectively maintain the integrity of the water ecosystem upstream and downstream of the river, and has the advantages of simple design, convenient later operation, maintenance and management. It can be applied to all aquatic organisms, especially to the management and ecological environment protection of small and medium-sized rivers, as well as the design and transformation of all low-head weirs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the weir structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of water flow regulating pools at various levels in the weir structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The reference numerals are described as follows:

[0020] 1. Dam body 1a. Back water surface of the dam body

[0021] 11. groove 11a, groove bottom wall of the groove

[0022] 2. Water retaining sill 2a. Upper surface of water retaining sill

[0023] 2b, back surface of water barrier 21, second notch

[0024] 3. Water flow regulating pond 4. River channel DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “plurality” means two or more.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a weir structure of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1The weir structure of this embodiment includes a weir body 1 and a water retaining sill 2. The weir body 1 spans the river channel 4, that is, the weir body 1 is arranged perpendicular to the river, and the weir body 1 is used to achieve water storage, flood control and landscape functions. A groove 11 is opened on the upper surface of the weir body 1, and the groove 11 runs through the weir body 1 along the direction of water flow. The groove 11 is used to pass water and fish, especially under low head conditions, fish can pass smoothly. The water retaining sill 2 is provided with multiple levels, and the multiple levels of water retaining sills 2 are all arranged downstream of the groove 11 on the weir body 1, so that the water flow and fish passing through the groove 11 flow downstream to the water retaining sill 2. See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , multiple levels of water retaining sills 2 are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel 4, there is a height difference between the top water retaining sill 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills 2, and a water flow regulating pool 3 is formed between the top water retaining sill 2 and the dam body 1, and between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills 2. Then, multiple levels of water flow regulating pools 3 arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream of the river channel 4 in a stepped manner are formed between the dam body 1 and the bottom water retaining sill 2. The water flow regulating pools 3 at each level have the function of dissipating energy and providing a place for fish to stay and rest, so that fish can pass through the water flow regulating pools 3 at each level from top to bottom in sequence to realize the fish passing function. At the same time, the water flow regulating pools 3 at each level can also meet the needs of fish migration. Migratory fish can easily cross the water retaining sill 2 upstream of the water flow regulating pools 3 at each level from the downstream in sequence to enter the water flow regulating pool 3 at the upper level, until they cross the groove 11 on the dam body 1 and enter the upstream river to realize migration. Therefore, the weir structure of the present embodiment realizes the fish passing function of the weir body 1 by providing a groove 11 for fish to pass through on the upper surface of the weir body 1. At the same time, a multi-stage water retaining dam 2 is arranged downstream of the groove 11 on the weir body 1 to form a multi-stage water flow regulating pool 3, which provides a path for fish to migrate upstream and downstream freely, can effectively maintain the integrity of the upstream and downstream water ecosystems of the river, and has the advantages of simple design and convenient later operation, maintenance and management. It can be applied to all aquatic organisms, especially to the management and ecological environmental protection of small and medium-sized rivers and the design and transformation of all low-head weirs.

[0031] In the present embodiment, the location of the groove 11 on the upper surface of the weir body 1 and the size of the groove 11 are not limited and can be determined based on the distribution characteristics of the water flow and velocity on the weir body 1 under the upstream water conditions of the river channel 4 and the design conditions for the fish passing period (dry season). Preferably, the groove 11 can be arranged at one end of the weir body 1 close to the river bank on one side of the river channel 4, and the size of the groove 11 should be able to meet certain water depth conditions and flow rate conditions. The shape of the groove 11 is also not limited. Preferably, the overall shape of the groove 11 should be wide and shallow, that is, it has a relatively large width and a relatively small depth. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 11 can be U-shaped or rectangular. To facilitate the passage of fish, preferably, the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the two side walls of the groove 11 should be smooth and flat walls. More preferably, see Figure 2 The bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the back surface 1a of the weir body 1 (i.e. the side of the weir body 1 facing the downstream of the river channel 4) are smoothly transitioned, which is conducive to fish passing over the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 when passing from top to bottom or migrating from bottom to top.

[0032] In this embodiment, preferably, a stepping stone may be provided on the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11, and the stepping stone may be used for people to pass through. At the same time, the stepping stone may also separate the water flowing through the bottom of the groove 11 into multiple paths, thereby improving the water flow conditions flowing through the bottom of the groove 11. There may be multiple stepping stones, and the multiple stepping stones are sequentially arranged at intervals along the lateral direction on the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11. The number of stepping stones is not limited, and the required number of stepping stones may be selected and set according to the different sizes of the groove 11.

[0033] In this embodiment, preferably, a first recess can be provided on the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11, which passes through the weir body 1 along the direction of the water flow in the river channel 4. The first recess can increase the water depth in the groove 11 to achieve the water and fish passing function under lower water level conditions. At the same time, the first recess can also separate the water flowing through the bottom of the groove 11 into multiple paths, thereby improving the water flow conditions flowing through the bottom of the groove 11. There can be multiple first recesses, and the multiple first recesses are arranged in sequence on the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 in the transverse direction. The number of the first recesses is not limited, and can be designed according to the size of the groove 11. The size of the first recess is also not limited, but should be based on the passage requirements of the target fish under the design conditions, so that no matter how much water is flowing upstream of the river channel 4, it can be ensured that upstream water passes through the groove 11.

[0034] In this embodiment, preferably, a gate for adjusting the water flow in the groove 11 may be provided in the groove 11, and the water flow and flow rate flowing through the groove 11 may be adjusted and controlled through the gate. Preferably, the gate can be installed in the groove 11 in a liftable manner, and the gate is connected to the driving member, and the driving member drives the gate to lift and position the gate at a specified position to achieve the adjustment and control of the water flow and flow rate of the groove 11. Further, a detection member may be provided on the gate, and the detection member is used to detect the water flow and flow rate flowing through the groove 11 and generate a detection signal. The detection member and the driving member are both connected to the controller, and the detection member transmits the detection signal detected and generated to the controller, and the controller receives the detection signal and generates an action instruction of rising or falling according to the received detection signal, and the controller transmits the generated action instruction to the driving member, and the driving member receives and responds to the action instruction and acts, thereby driving the gate to rise or fall, thereby achieving automatic control of the gate lifting, that is, achieving automatic adjustment and control of the water flow and flow rate of the groove 11. In this embodiment, a vertically extending slide groove can be provided on both side walls of the groove 11, and the two side edges of the gate can be slidably inserted into the slide grooves on the two side walls of the groove 11. The driving member can adopt a pulley structure to lift or lower the gate. The detection member can adopt a flow rate sensor. The controller can adopt an existing controller, such as a PLC controller or a single chip microcomputer.

[0035] In this embodiment, preferably, see Figure 1 , the groove 11 is provided at one end of the weir body 1 close to the river bank on one side of the river channel 4, and the water retaining sill 2 is arranged in a fan shape with the groove 11 as the center, downstream of the groove 11. In this embodiment, one end of the water retaining sill 2 is connected to the river bank on one side of the river channel 4, and the other end of the water retaining sill 2 is connected to the back surface 1a of the weir body 1. The shape of the water retaining sill 2 is not limited to an arc shape, and can also be a polygon similar to an arc shape, as long as the water retaining sill 2 is arranged in a fan shape with the groove 11 as the center. The multi-level water retaining sill 2 is radially distributed downstream of the groove 11 with the groove 11 as the center. Since the water retaining sills 2 of each level are all fan-shaped with the groove 11 as the center, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water flow regulating pool 3 of each level increases from upstream to downstream, thereby making the opening of the lowest level water flow regulating pool 3 larger than the opening of the highest level water flow regulating pool 3, which is conducive to fish finding the migratory entrance (i.e. the opening of the lowest level water flow regulating pool 3) when migrating from bottom to top. When the weir structure of this embodiment is applied to a smaller river, the water retaining dam 2 can also be arranged to span the river channel 4 .

[0036] In this embodiment, preferably, the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2 can be provided with a second notch 21 that penetrates the water retaining sill 2 along the water flow direction in the river channel 4. The second notch 21 can increase the water passing depth of the water retaining sill 2 to achieve the water passing and fish passing function under lower water level conditions. At the same time, the second notch 21 can also separate the water flowing through the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2 into multiple paths, thereby improving the water flow conditions flowing through the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2. There can be multiple second notches 21, and multiple second notches 21 are arranged at intervals on the water retaining sill 2. Preferably, multiple second notches 21 are symmetrically distributed on the water retaining sill 2 near the midpoint of the water retaining sill 2 with the midpoint of the water retaining sill 2 as the center. The size of the second notch 21 is not limited, but should be based on the passage requirements of the target fish under the design working conditions.

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, the height difference between the topmost water retaining bank 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water retaining bank 2 are the same, so that the water flow regulating pools 3 of each level are arranged in a stepped manner with a constant height difference from upstream to downstream along the river channel 4, thereby maintaining a constant height difference in the water level of the water flow regulating pools 3 of each level, which is more conducive to the passage and migration of fish.

[0038] Under medium and high flow conditions where fish migrate most frequently, the water volume and flow rate conditions upstream of the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the water retaining walls 2 at each level determine whether the upstream migrating fish can cross the water retaining walls 2 at each level and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and finally enter the upstream river, while the height difference between the top water retaining wall 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining walls 2 directly determine the difficulty of fish crossing the water retaining walls 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11. Therefore, to ensure that fish can migrate smoothly, in this embodiment, preferably, the height difference between the top water retaining wall 2 and the bottom wall 11a of the groove 11 and the height difference between each adjacent upper and lower water retaining walls 2 are not greater than 30 cm.

[0039] In order to provide fish with enough places to stay and rest, and to play an effective role in energy dissipation, the capacity of the water flow regulating pool 3 must meet the minimum capacity requirement set by calculation, and the maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool 3 can be calculated based on the minimum capacity requirement that the water flow regulating pool 3 needs to meet. In this embodiment, the maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool 3 is determined by the height of the water retaining sill 2 located downstream of the water flow regulating pool 3 relative to the bottom of the water flow regulating pool 3. Preferably, the maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool 3 is not less than twice the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills 2.

[0040] In this embodiment, preferably, the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2 and the back surface 2b of the water retaining sill 2 (i.e., the side of the water retaining sill 2 facing the downstream of the river channel 4) are connected by a smooth transition, which is conducive to the fish passing from top to bottom or migrating from bottom to top to cross the water retaining sill 2. Furthermore, the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2 and the front surface of the water retaining sill 2 (i.e., the side of the water retaining sill 2 facing the upstream of the river channel 4) can also be connected by a smooth transition. Furthermore, the upper surface 2a of the water retaining sill 2 can be an upwardly convex arc surface, thereby making the top of the water retaining sill 2 in the form of a circular arc and a smooth dome, which is more conducive to the free migration of fish upstream and downstream.

[0041] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the water retaining sill 2 structure, preferably, the thickness of the water retaining sill 2 is not less than 20 cm. In order to ensure the durability and anti-erosion performance of the water flow regulating pools 3 at all levels, the water retaining sill 2 can be implanted as deep as possible below the bottom surface of the river channel 4, or a bottom plate can be set at the bottom of the water flow regulating pool 3, and the bottom plate can be paved with concrete or gravel.

[0042] In this embodiment, preferably, a water collection trough can be provided on the downstream side of the lowest level water retaining dam 2, and the water collection trough is provided with gravel and / or rocks and / or water plants, that is, the water collection trough is provided with any one or more combinations of gravel, rocks and water plants, and the gravel and rocks can be laid at the bottom of the water collection trough, and the water plants can be planted in the water collection trough. A water collection trough of a certain width is connected to the bottom of the downstream slope of the lowest level water retaining dam 2, which can, on the one hand, play a role in attracting and guiding fish, and help fish quickly find the entrance for migration (i.e., the opening of the lowest level water flow regulating pool 3); on the other hand, the water collection trough can provide a possibility for fish stranded downstream of the weir 1 under low water conditions to find a shelter and survive, and can meet the fish's stay needs during the dry season. The cross-sectional area and depth of the water collection trough are not limited, and can be determined by comprehensive analysis according to the design runoff conditions and the minimum habitat requirements of the target protected fish.

[0043] The weir structure of this embodiment can be obtained by modifying the existing weir body 1 on the river, and it only needs to open the groove 11 in the existing weir body 1 and set the multi-level water retaining sill 3 and the water collecting tank structure downstream of the groove 11, thereby realizing the ecological transformation of the existing weir structure. Of course, the weir structure of this embodiment can also be constructed on a new river.

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A weir structure, characterized in that: include: A weir body (1) spanning a river channel (4), wherein the upper surface of the weir body (1) is provided with a groove (11) penetrating the weir body (1) along a water flow direction; and A multi-stage water retaining sill (2) is arranged downstream of the groove (11), the multi-stage water retaining sill (2) is arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream along the river channel (4), there is a height difference between the uppermost water retaining sill (2) and the groove bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11), and between the upper and lower adjacent water retaining sills (2), and a water flow regulating pool (3) is formed between the uppermost water retaining sill (2) and the dam body (1), and between the upper and lower adjacent water retaining sills (2); The groove (11) is provided at one end of the weir body (1) close to the river bank on one side of the river channel (4); the water retaining sill (2) is arranged in a fan shape with the groove (11) as the center at the downstream of the groove (11); one end of the water retaining sill (2) is connected to the river bank on one side of the river channel (4); the other end of the water retaining sill (2) is connected to the back water surface (1a) of the weir body (1); and multiple levels of the water retaining sill (2) are radially distributed downstream of the groove (11) with the groove (11) as the center; The height difference between the uppermost water retaining sill (2) and the trough bottom wall (11a) and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills (2) are the same; The height difference between the uppermost water retaining sill (2) and the trough bottom wall (11a) and the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills (2) are no more than 30 cm; The maximum water storage depth of the water flow regulating pool (3) is not less than twice the height difference between the adjacent upper and lower water retaining sills (2); The groove bottom wall (11a) and the back water surface (1a) of the weir body (1) are connected by a smooth transition; The upper surface (2a) of the water retaining wall (2) is an arc surface convex upward.

2. The weir structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first notch is provided on the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11) and penetrates the weir body (1) along the direction of water flow.

3. The weir structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gate for adjusting the water flow in the groove (11) is provided in the groove (11).

4. The weir structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A step is provided on the bottom wall (11a) of the groove (11).

5. The weir structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface (2a) of the water retaining sill (2) is provided with a second notch (21) penetrating the water retaining sill (2) along the direction of water flow.

6. The weir structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water collection trough is provided on the downstream side of the lowest level of the water retaining dam (2), and the water collection trough is provided with gravel and / or rocks and / or aquatic plants.

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