Tail heat power generation device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a waste heat power generation device and method. The waste heat power generation device includes a power generation unit, the power generation unit includes a turbofan, the turbofan includes: a turbofan shaft, at least two sets of turbofan components, installed on the turbofan shaft, used to allow at least two substances to pass through, wherein the substances passed by the at least two sets of turbofan components are different or not completely the same, and the turbofan components can rotate in both positive and negative directions; the present invention can realize waste heat power generation based on automobile exhaust, and has high thermal energy conversion efficiency, and the heat exchange medium can be recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power generation device and method, and in particular to a tail heat power generation device and method. Technical Background

[0002] Waste heat is energy that is not utilized in energy utilization equipment under certain economic and technical conditions, that is, redundant and waste energy. It includes seven types: high-temperature waste gas waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, waste steam and waste water waste heat, high-temperature product and slag waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, combustible waste gas, waste liquid and waste material waste heat, and high-pressure fluid waste pressure. Waste heat power generation refers to the technology of converting excess heat energy in the production process into electrical energy. Waste heat power generation is not only energy-saving, but also beneficial to environmental protection.

[0003] At present, the common waste heat power generation equipment is the waste heat boiler. The waste heat used for power generation mainly includes: high-temperature flue gas waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, waste gas and waste liquid waste heat, low-temperature waste heat (below 200℃), etc., but the waste heat of automobile exhaust has not been fully utilized. There is a large amount of waste heat in automobile exhaust, which is currently basically lost to the air, resulting in a large amount of energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of a large amount of waste heat from tail gas in the prior art, the present invention provides a tail heat power generation device, including a power generation unit, the power generation unit includes a turbofan, and the turbofan includes:

[0005] Turbofan shaft;

[0006] At least two groups of turbofan assemblies are installed on the turbofan shaft to allow at least two substances to pass through, wherein the substances passed through the at least two groups of turbofan assemblies are different or not completely the same, and the turbofan assemblies can rotate in a first direction and a second direction.

[0007] In one embodiment, at least one set of the turbofan assemblies comprises:

[0008] Diversion fan, power fan;

[0009] When the material flows through the guide fan, it drives the guide fan to operate. Under the action of the guide fan, the material flows to the power fan along a set path, drives the power fan to operate, and drives the turbofan shaft to rotate together.

[0010] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a turbofan regulating module for regulating the rotation of the turbofan.

[0011] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a heat exchange unit, and the heat exchange unit includes:

[0012] An exhaust gas passage cavity, wherein the exhaust gas passage cavity is used for allowing exhaust gas to pass through;

[0013] The medium gasification chamber is used to convert the liquid heat exchange medium into a gaseous state after heat exchange with the tail gas.

[0014] In one embodiment, the at least two sets of turbofan assemblies include:

[0015] A medium chamber turbofan assembly in the medium gasification chamber and an exhaust chamber turbofan assembly in the exhaust gas passage chamber;

[0016] The gaseous heat exchange medium in the medium vaporization cavity acts on the medium cavity turbofan assembly and drives the medium cavity turbofan assembly and the turbofan shaft to rotate;

[0017] The exhaust gas in the exhaust passage cavity acts on the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly, and drives the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly and the turbofan shaft to rotate.

[0018] In one embodiment, the axis of the medium gasification chamber coincides with the axis of the exhaust gas passing through the chamber.

[0019] In one embodiment, the medium gasification cavity fully covers or partially covers the inner and outer sides of the exhaust gas passage cavity except for its front end.

[0020] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes:

[0021] A medium circulation loop, wherein two ends of the medium circulation loop are respectively connected to two ends of the medium gasification chamber;

[0022] The medium circulation loop includes a medium communication loop connected to the tail of the medium vaporization chamber, a condenser, a boosting module, a liquid storage module located between the condenser and the boosting module, a liquid regulating module located between the liquid storage module and the medium vaporization chamber, and a filling module located between the liquid storage module and the medium vaporization chamber, and the filling module is connected to the boosting module and the liquid regulating module, and the filling module includes a nozzle.

[0023] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a medium transmission unit, and the medium transmission unit is connected between the heat exchange unit and the power generation unit.

[0024] In one embodiment, the medium transmission unit includes a reverse thrust duct and a pressure pipeline.

[0025] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a power generation unit.

[0026] In one embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a coupling unit, and the coupling unit is electrically connected between the power generation unit and the power generation unit.

[0027] In one embodiment, the coupling unit includes an electromagnetic coupler.

[0028] The present invention also provides a tail heat power generation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1: Perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas to heat the liquid heat exchange medium into a gaseous heat exchange medium;

[0030] S2: converting the heat energy of the heat exchange medium and / or the heat energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical energy;

[0031] S3: Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0032] In one embodiment, heating the liquid heat exchange medium into a gaseous heat exchange medium comprises:

[0033] The tail gas passes through the tail gas passage cavity, and the liquid heat exchange medium is converted into a gaseous state after heat exchange with the tail gas in the medium gasification cavity.

[0034] In one embodiment, converting the heat energy of the heat exchange medium and / or the heat energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical energy comprises:

[0035] The pressure of the exhaust gas and / or the gaseous heat exchange medium acts on the turbofan, driving at least two groups of turbofan components on the turbofan to rotate, and the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy is achieved through the rotation of the turbofan components.

[0036] In one embodiment, the pressure of the exhaust gas and / or the gaseous heat exchange medium acting on the turbofan includes:

[0037] When the exhaust gas and / or gaseous heat exchange medium flows through the guide fan in the turbofan assembly, the guide fan is driven to operate. Under the action of the guide fan, the exhaust gas and / or gaseous heat exchange medium flows along a set path to the power fan in the turbofan assembly and drives the power fan to operate.

[0038] In one embodiment, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy comprises:

[0039] The turbofan has a turbofan shaft. The rotation of the turbofan assembly drives the turbofan shaft to rotate, and the rotation of the turbofan shaft realizes the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0040] In one embodiment, the method further includes the following steps:

[0041] The gaseous heat exchange medium in the medium vaporization chamber flows into the medium connecting loop; the condenser condenses the gaseous heat exchange medium entering the medium connecting loop into a liquid heat exchange medium; the liquid heat exchange medium flows into the liquid storage module, the boosting module boosts the heat exchange medium flowing out of the liquid storage module and pushes it to the nozzle, and the nozzle sprays the liquid heat exchange medium into the medium vaporization chamber; at the same time, the liquid regulating module regulates the amount of liquid refluxed to the medium vaporization chamber.

[0042] The present invention can realize waste heat power generation based on automobile exhaust, has high thermal energy conversion efficiency, and the heat exchange medium can be recycled; it can be applied to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction of diesel engines, gasoline engines, gas engines, etc., so that the waste heat of the engine can be recycled, thereby improving the economy of the engine; a constant exhaust negative pressure is generated by high-speed turbofan exhaust, which reduces the exhaust resistance of the engine and improves the engine efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the tail heat power generation device in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tail heat power generation device in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tail heat power generation device in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange unit in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tail heat power generation device in Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0049] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportion relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a tail heat power generation device, including:

[0052] The heat exchange unit 1 is used for performing heat exchange with the exhaust gas of the engine to heat the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit 1 into a gaseous heat exchange medium.

[0053] In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit 1 may include:

[0054] The exhaust gas passage cavity is connected to the exhaust pipeline of the engine, and the exhaust gas passage cavity is used for the exhaust gas of the engine to pass through;

[0055] The medium vaporization chamber is used to convert the liquid heat exchange medium into a gaseous heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the tail gas.

[0056] In this embodiment, the medium vaporization chamber has a liquid heat exchange medium, and the liquid heat exchange medium will be converted into a gaseous heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passage chamber. The exhaust gas passage chamber realizes the collection of automobile exhaust. In this embodiment, the length direction of the medium vaporization chamber and the exhaust gas passage chamber can be the same, that is, the axis of the medium vaporization chamber coincides with the axis of the exhaust gas passage chamber. In this embodiment, the medium vaporization chamber can be located inside the exhaust gas passage chamber, or outside the exhaust gas passage chamber. In this way, when the automobile exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas passage chamber, the heat carried by the automobile exhaust gas is transferred to the liquid in the medium vaporization chamber, and the liquid is heated to above the boiling point. The liquid is vaporized into a gaseous medium such as high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and the steam will flow in the medium vaporization chamber. In this embodiment, the medium vaporization chamber can be fully covered or partially covered on the inside and outside of the exhaust gas passage chamber except for its front end.

[0057] In this embodiment, the tail gas heat power generation device further includes a power generation unit 2, which is used to convert the thermal energy of the heat exchange medium and / or the thermal energy of the tail gas into mechanical energy.

[0058] In this embodiment, the tail heat power generation device further includes a power generation unit 3, which is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit 2 into electrical energy.

[0059] The working principle of the tail heat power generation device in this embodiment is: the heat exchange unit 1 performs heat exchange with the exhaust gas of the engine to heat the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit 1 into a gaseous heat exchange medium; the power generation unit 2 converts the thermal energy of the heat exchange medium or the thermal energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical energy; the power generation unit 3 converts the mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit 2 into electrical energy, thereby realizing the use of the exhaust gas of the engine to generate electricity and avoiding the heat and pressure carried by the exhaust gas from being wasted; and the heat exchange unit 1 can also dissipate heat and cool the exhaust gas when performing heat exchange with the exhaust gas, so that other exhaust gas purification devices can be used to treat the exhaust gas and improve the efficiency of subsequent exhaust gas treatment.

[0060] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium may be water, methanol, ethanol, oil, or alkane, etc. The heat exchange medium is a substance that can change phase due to temperature, and its volume and pressure also change accordingly during the phase change process.

[0061] In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit 1 is also called a heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the heat exchange unit 1 can adopt a tubular heat exchange device. The design considerations of the heat exchange unit 1 include pressure bearing, volume reduction, and increase of heat exchange area.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the tail heat power generation device in this embodiment may further include a medium transmission unit 4 connected between the heat exchange unit 1 and the power generation unit 2. The gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium vaporization chamber acts on the power generation unit 2 through the medium transmission unit 4. The medium transmission unit 4 includes a pressure-bearing pipeline.

[0063] In this embodiment, the power generation unit 2 includes a turbofan. The turbofan can convert the pressure generated by a gaseous medium such as steam or exhaust gas into kinetic energy. The turbofan includes a turbofan shaft and at least one set of turbofan components fixed on the turbofan shaft, which is used to allow at least two substances to pass through, wherein the substances passed by at least two sets of turbofan components are different or not completely the same. The substances in this embodiment can be automobile exhaust, boiler exhaust, high-temperature flue gas waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, heat exchange medium, steam, etc. The turbofan component includes a guide fan and a power fan, and can rotate in a first direction and a second direction. When the pressure of the steam acts on the turbofan component, the turbofan shaft will rotate with the turbofan component, thereby converting the pressure of the steam into kinetic energy. When the power generation unit 2 includes a turbofan, the pressure of the engine exhaust can also act on the turbofan to drive the turbofan to rotate. In this way, the pressure of the steam and the pressure generated by the exhaust can be alternately and seamlessly switched to act on the turbofan. When the turbofan rotates in the first direction, the power generation unit 3 converts kinetic energy into electrical energy to achieve waste heat power generation; when the generated electrical energy in turn drives the turbofan to rotate, and the turbofan rotates in the second direction, the power generation unit 3 converts electrical energy into exhaust resistance to provide exhaust resistance for the engine. When the exhaust brake device installed on the engine works and generates high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas for engine braking, the turbofan converts this braking energy into electrical energy to achieve engine exhaust braking and braking power generation. This embodiment can generate a constant exhaust negative pressure through high-speed turbofan exhaust, reduce the exhaust resistance of the engine, and achieve engine assist. And when the power generation unit 2 includes a turbofan, the power generation unit 2 also includes a turbofan adjustment module, which uses the peak value of the engine exhaust pressure to drive the turbofan to generate rotational inertia, further delay the generation of exhaust negative pressure, promote the engine to inhale, reduce the engine exhaust resistance, and increase the engine power.

[0064] The tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can be applied to a fuel engine, such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. The tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can also be applied to a gas engine. Specifically, the tail heat power generation device is used on a diesel engine of a vehicle, that is, the tail gas passage cavity is connected to the exhaust port of the diesel engine.

[0065] The power generation unit 3 includes a generator stator and a generator rotor, and the generator rotor is connected to the turbofan shaft of the power generation unit 2. In this way, the generator rotor will rotate with the rotation of the turbofan shaft, thereby working together with the generator stator to achieve power generation. In this embodiment, the power generation unit 3 can use a variable load generator, or use a DC generator to convert torque into electrical energy. At the same time, the power generation unit 3 can adjust the power generation to match the change in exhaust heat by adjusting the excitation winding current; to adapt to the change in exhaust temperature such as uphill, downhill, heavy load, light load, etc. of the vehicle. In this embodiment, the power generation unit 3 can also include a battery assembly to use the battery assembly to store electrical energy, that is, to achieve temporary caching of the generated electricity. The electricity stored in the battery assembly in this embodiment can be used for the heat exchanger power fan, water pump, refrigeration compressor and other electrical appliances in the vehicle.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the tail heat power generation device in this embodiment may further include a coupling unit 5, the coupling unit 5 is electrically connected between the power generation unit 2 and the power generation unit 3, and the power generation unit 3 is coaxially coupled with the power generation unit 2 through the coupling unit 5. In this embodiment, the coupling unit 5 includes an electromagnetic coupler.

[0067] In this embodiment, the power generation unit 3 may also include a generator control component, which is used to adjust the electric torque of the generator, generate exhaust negative pressure to change the size of the engine forced braking force, and generate exhaust back pressure to improve the waste heat conversion efficiency. Specifically, the generator control component can change the power output by adjusting the power generation excitation or power generation current, thereby adjusting the automobile exhaust emission resistance, achieving the balance of engine work, exhaust back pressure, and exhaust negative pressure, and improving the generator efficiency.

[0068] In this embodiment, the tail heat power generation device may further include a heat preservation pipeline, which is connected between the exhaust pipeline of the engine and the heat exchange unit 1. Specifically, the two ends of the heat preservation pipeline are respectively connected to the exhaust port of the engine system and the exhaust gas passage cavity, so that the heat preservation pipeline is used to maintain the high temperature of the exhaust gas and introduce the exhaust gas into the exhaust gas passage cavity.

[0069] The tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can assist the engine system in realizing the recovery and reuse of the waste heat of the engine exhaust, which helps to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the engine, and also helps to reduce the harmful gas emissions of the fuel engine, reduces the emission of pollutants, and makes the fuel engine emissions more environmentally friendly.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the heat exchange unit 1 of this embodiment may further include a medium circulation loop 6; the two ends of the medium circulation loop 6 are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the medium vaporization chamber, and form a closed gas-liquid circulation loop; a condenser 61 is installed on the medium circulation loop 6, and the condenser 61 is used to condense the gaseous heat exchange medium into a liquid heat exchange medium. The medium circulation loop 6 is connected to the medium vaporization chamber through the power generation unit 2. In this embodiment, one end of the medium circulation loop 6 is used to collect gaseous heat exchange media such as steam, and condense the steam into a liquid heat exchange medium, that is, liquid, and the other end is used to inject the liquid heat exchange medium into the medium vaporization chamber to regenerate steam, thereby realizing the recycling of the heat exchange medium. In this embodiment, the medium circulation loop 6 includes a medium communication loop 62, which is connected to the rear end of the medium vaporization chamber. In addition, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned condenser 61 is also connected to the power generation unit 2 through the medium transmission unit 4. In this embodiment, the gas-liquid circulation loop is not connected to the exhaust gas through the chamber.

[0072] In this embodiment, the condenser 61 can use a heat dissipation device such as an air-cooled radiator, and specifically, a pressure-bearing warp-fin air-cooled radiator. When the vehicle is running, the condenser 61 dissipates heat by natural wind. When there is no natural wind, an electric fan can be used to dissipate heat for the condenser 61. Specifically, the gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium vaporization chamber will be depressurized after acting on the power generation unit 2, and will flow into the medium circulation loop 6 and the air-cooled radiator. The temperature of the steam decreases as the radiator dissipates heat, and continues to condense into liquid.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, one end of the medium circulation loop 6 may be provided with a boost module 63, which is used to pressurize the condensed heat exchange medium to push the condensed heat exchange medium into the medium vaporization chamber. In this embodiment, the boost module 63 includes a circulating water pump or a high-pressure pump. The liquid heat exchange medium is pressurized under the impeller of the circulating water pump, and is squeezed through the water supply pipe and enters the medium vaporization chamber to continue to be heated and vaporized in the medium vaporization chamber. In addition, the circulating water pump or the high-pressure pump can be replaced when the turbofan rotates. At this time, the liquid is squeezed into the medium vaporization chamber through the water supply pipe under the impulsion of the turbofan residual pressure, and continues to be heated and vaporized.

[0074] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the medium circulation loop 6 may also include a liquid storage module 64 disposed between the condenser 61 and the boost module 63, and the liquid storage module 64 is used to store the liquid heat exchange medium after condensation by the condenser 61. The boost module 63 is located on a delivery pipeline between the liquid storage module 64 and the medium vaporization chamber, and the liquid in the liquid storage module 64 is injected into the medium vaporization chamber after being pressurized by the boost module 63. In this embodiment, the medium circulation loop 6 also includes a liquid regulating module 65, which is disposed between the liquid storage module 64 and the medium vaporization chamber, and is specifically disposed on another delivery pipeline between the liquid storage module 64 and the medium vaporization chamber. The liquid regulating module 65 is used to regulate the amount of liquid refluxed to the medium vaporization chamber. When the temperature of the automobile exhaust continues to be higher than the boiling point temperature of the liquid heat exchange medium, the liquid regulating module 65 injects the liquid in the liquid storage module 64 into the medium vaporization chamber. In this embodiment, the medium circulation loop 6 also includes a filling module 66 disposed between the liquid storage module 64 and the medium vaporization chamber, and the filling module 66 is specifically connected to the above-mentioned boosting module 63 and the liquid regulating module 65. In this embodiment, the filling module 66 may include a nozzle 661. The nozzle 661 is located at one end of the medium circulation loop 6, and the nozzle 661 is disposed in the front end of the medium vaporization chamber to inject liquid into the medium vaporization chamber through the nozzle 661. After the above-mentioned boosting module 63 pressurizes the liquid in the liquid storage module 64, it is injected into the medium vaporization chamber through the nozzle 661 of the filling module 66. The liquid in the above-mentioned liquid storage module 64 can also be injected into the filling module 66 through the liquid regulating module 65, and injected into the medium vaporization chamber through the nozzle 661 of the filling module 66. The above-mentioned delivery pipeline is also called a heat medium pipeline.

[0075] In this embodiment, the tail heat power generation device is specifically applied to a 13-liter diesel engine. The above-mentioned tail gas is specifically connected to the exhaust port of the diesel engine through the cavity. The temperature of the tail gas discharged by the engine is 650 degrees Celsius, the flow rate is about 4000 cubic meters / hour, and the tail gas heat is about 80 kilowatts. In this embodiment, water is specifically used as the heat exchange medium in the medium vaporization cavity, and a turbofan is used as the power generation unit 2. This tail heat power generation device can recover 15 kilowatts of electrical energy, which can be used to drive vehicle-mounted electrical appliances; at the same time, combined with the direct efficiency recovery of the circulating water pump, 40 kilowatts of tail gas heat energy can be recovered. The tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can not only improve fuel economy, but also reduce the tail gas temperature to below the dew point, so as to facilitate the wet electrostatic precipitator and ozone denitrification tail gas purification process that requires a low temperature environment.

[0076] In summary, this tail heat power generation device can be applied to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction of diesel, gasoline and gas engines. It is an innovative technology for improving engine efficiency, saving fuel and improving engine economy. This tail heat power generation device can help cars save fuel and improve fuel economy; it can also recycle engine waste heat and achieve efficient energy utilization.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment 2, its power generation unit 2 specifically adopts a turbofan. At the same time, in this embodiment, the turbofan includes a turbofan shaft 21 and a medium cavity turbofan assembly 22, the medium cavity turbofan assembly 22 is installed on the turbofan shaft 21, and the medium cavity turbofan assembly 22 is located in the medium gasification cavity 11, specifically, it can be located at the rear end of the medium gasification cavity 11.

[0079] In this embodiment, the medium cavity turbofan assembly 22 includes a medium cavity guide fan 221 and a medium cavity power fan 222 .

[0080] In this embodiment, the turbofan includes an exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 23 , which is installed on the turbofan shaft 21 , and the exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 23 is located in the exhaust gas passage cavity 12 .

[0081] In this embodiment, the tail air chamber turbofan assembly 23 includes a tail air chamber guide fan 231 and a tail air chamber power fan 232 .

[0082] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 is located in the medium gasification chamber 11, that is, the medium gasification chamber 11 is sleeved on the outside of the exhaust gas passage chamber 12. In this embodiment, the medium gasification chamber 11 can be fully covered or partially covered on the outside of the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 except for its front end. The gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium gasification chamber 11 flows through the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22, and the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22 and the turbofan shaft 21 are driven to operate under the action of the steam pressure. The medium cavity guide fan 221 is specifically arranged at the rear end of the medium vaporization cavity 11. When the gaseous medium such as steam flows through the medium cavity guide fan 221, the medium cavity guide fan 221 is driven to operate, and under the action of the medium cavity guide fan 221, the steam flows to the medium cavity power fan 222 according to the set path; the medium cavity power fan 222 is arranged at the rear end of the medium vaporization cavity 11, specifically located behind the medium cavity guide fan 221. The steam flowing through the medium cavity guide fan 221 flows to the medium cavity power fan 222, and drives the medium cavity power fan 222 and the turbofan shaft 21 to operate. In this embodiment, the medium cavity power fan 222 is also called the first-stage power fan. The tail gas cavity turbofan assembly 23 is arranged behind or in front of the medium cavity turbofan assembly 22, and operates coaxially with the medium cavity turbofan assembly 22. The tail gas chamber guide fan 231 is arranged in the tail gas passage chamber 12. When the tail gas flows through the tail gas passage chamber 12, the tail gas chamber guide fan 231 is driven to operate, and under the action of the tail gas chamber guide fan 231, the tail gas flows to the tail gas chamber power fan 232 according to the set path. The tail gas chamber power fan 232 is arranged in the tail gas passage chamber 12, specifically located behind the tail gas chamber guide fan 231. The tail gas flowing through the tail gas chamber guide fan 231 flows to the tail gas chamber power fan 232, and under the action of the tail gas pressure, the tail gas chamber power fan 232 and the turbofan shaft 21 are driven to operate, and finally the tail gas is discharged through the tail gas chamber power fan 232 and the tail gas passage chamber 12. In this embodiment, the tail gas chamber power fan 232 is also called the second-stage power fan.

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown, the power generation unit 3 in this embodiment includes a generator stator 31 and a generator rotor 32. In addition, in this embodiment, the power generation unit 3 is also arranged outside the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 and is coaxially connected to the turbofan, that is, the generator rotor 32 is connected to the turbofan shaft 21, so that the generator rotor 32 will rotate with the rotation of the turbofan shaft 21.

[0084] In this embodiment, the power generation unit 2 adopts a turbofan, so that steam and exhaust gas can move quickly, saving volume and weight, and meeting the needs of automobile exhaust gas energy conversion. When the turbofan in this embodiment rotates in the first direction, the power generation unit 3 converts the kinetic energy of the turbofan shaft 21 into electrical energy, thereby realizing waste heat power generation; when the turbofan rotates in the second direction, the power generation unit 3 converts the electrical energy into exhaust resistance, providing exhaust resistance for the engine. When the exhaust brake device installed on the engine works and generates high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas for engine braking, the turbofan converts this braking energy into electrical energy to realize engine exhaust braking and brake power generation. Specifically, the kinetic energy generated by the turbofan can be used for power generation, thereby realizing automobile waste heat power generation; the generated electrical energy in turn drives the turbofan to rotate, providing exhaust negative pressure for the engine, thereby realizing engine exhaust braking and brake power generation, greatly improving the efficiency of the engine.

[0085] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 is completely arranged in the medium gasification chamber 11, so as to realize automobile exhaust gas collection. In this embodiment, the medium gasification chamber 11 and the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 are overlapped in the transverse axial direction.

[0086] In this embodiment, the power generating unit 2 also includes a turbofan rotation negative pressure regulating module, which utilizes the peak exhaust pressure of the engine to drive the turbofan to generate rotational inertia, further delays the generation of exhaust negative pressure, drives the engine to inhale, reduces the engine exhaust resistance, and improves the engine power.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the power generation unit 3 includes a battery assembly 33, so as to utilize the battery assembly 33 to store electric energy, that is, to achieve temporary buffering of the generated electricity. In this embodiment, the electricity stored in the battery assembly 33 can be used for the heat exchanger power fan, water pump, refrigeration compressor and other electrical appliances in the vehicle.

[0088] The tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can utilize the waste heat of automobile exhaust to generate electricity, while taking into account the requirements of volume and weight, and has high thermal energy conversion efficiency, and the heat exchange medium can be recycled, which greatly improves the energy utilization rate, is green and environmentally friendly, and has strong practicality.

[0089] In the initial state, the exhaust gas discharged by the engine drives the exhaust chamber power fan 232 to rotate, realizing direct energy conversion of the exhaust pressure; the rotational inertia of the exhaust chamber power fan 232 and the turbofan shaft 21 realizes the instantaneous negative pressure of the exhaust gas; the generator control component 8 can change the power output by adjusting the power generation excitation or the power generation current, thereby adjusting the automobile exhaust emission resistance to adapt to the engine working conditions.

[0090] When the waste heat of automobile exhaust is used for power generation, and the automobile exhaust temperature is continuously higher than 200 degrees Celsius, water is injected into the medium vaporization chamber 11, and the water absorbs the heat of the exhaust gas to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and at the same time generates steam power, which continues to accelerate the medium chamber power fan 222, so that the medium chamber power fan 222 and the exhaust chamber power fan 232 rotate faster and with greater torque. The engine work and exhaust back pressure are balanced by adjusting the power generation current or the excitation current; the exhaust temperature is adjusted to adapt to the change of the exhaust temperature, thereby maintaining a constant exhaust temperature.

[0091] When the car brakes to generate electricity, the engine compresses air through the tail gas chamber power fan 232 and drives the tail gas chamber power fan 232 to rotate, thereby converting the pressure into the rotational power of the generator. By adjusting the power generation current or the excitation current, the resistance size is changed to achieve engine braking and braking force release.

[0092] When the vehicle is electrically braked, the engine compressed air passes through the tail gas chamber power fan 232, pushing the tail gas chamber power fan 232 to rotate forward, turning on the electric motor, outputting reverse torque, and transmitting it to the medium chamber power fan 222 and the tail gas chamber power fan 232 through the turbofan shaft 21, forming a strong reverse thrust resistance, converting energy consumption into cavity heat, and at the same time increasing the engine braking force, forcing braking.

[0093] The medium transmission unit 4 includes a reverse thrust duct. When steam braking, the continuous compressed air braking accumulates heat through the steam to generate greater thrust, and outputs the steam to the medium cavity power fan 222 through the reverse thrust duct, forcing the medium cavity power fan 222 and the tail cavity power fan 232 to reverse, so as to achieve simultaneous braking and starting.

[0094] Example 4

[0095] like Figure 5As shown, based on the above-mentioned embodiment 3, the medium gasification chamber 11 of this embodiment is located in the exhaust gas passage chamber 12; and the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22 is located in the medium gasification chamber 11, and specifically located at the rear end of the medium gasification chamber 11; the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 23 is located in the exhaust gas passage chamber 12, and specifically located at the rear end of the exhaust gas passage chamber 12. The medium chamber turbofan assembly 22 and the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 23 are both installed on the turbofan shaft 21. In this embodiment, the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 23 is located behind the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22. In this way, the automobile exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage chamber 12 will directly act on the exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 23 to drive the exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 23 and the turbofan shaft 21 to rotate; at the same time, when the automobile exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas passage chamber 12, it will exchange heat with the liquid in the medium vaporization chamber 11, and make the liquid in the medium vaporization chamber 11 form vapor, and the pressure of the vapor acts on the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22 to drive the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22 and the turbofan shaft 21 to rotate, thereby further accelerating the rotation of the turbofan shaft 21; when the turbofan shaft 21 rotates, it will drive the generator rotor 32 connected thereto to rotate together, and then use the power generation unit 3 to generate electricity. In addition, after the vapor in the medium vaporization chamber 11 flows backward through the medium chamber turbofan assembly 22, it will flow into the medium circulation loop 6, and after being condensed into liquid by the condenser 61 in the medium circulation loop 6, it will be re-injected into the medium vaporization chamber 11 to realize the recycling and utilization of the heat exchange medium. The automobile exhaust gas in the exhaust passage cavity 12 is discharged into the atmosphere after flowing through the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly 23 .

[0096] In addition, in this embodiment, a bending section 111 is provided on the side wall of the medium gasification chamber 11, which can effectively increase the contact area, ie, the heat exchange area, between the medium gasification chamber 11 and the tail gas passage chamber 12. In this embodiment, the cross section of the bending section 111 is sawtooth-shaped.

[0097] Example 5

[0098] In order to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine, it is necessary to recover the heat energy of the engine exhaust and the back pressure to achieve high efficiency, especially for hybrid vehicles, which require the fuel to directly drive the generator and the exhaust heat to be efficiently converted into electrical energy, so that the thermal efficiency of the fuel can be improved by 15%-20%. For hybrid vehicles, while saving fuel, more electricity can be charged for the battery components, and the efficiency of converting fuel into electrical energy can reach more than 70%.

[0099] Specifically, the exhaust heat power generation device in the above-mentioned embodiment 3 or embodiment 4 is installed at the exhaust port of the hybrid vehicle fuel engine, and the fuel engine is turned on. The engine exhaust enters the exhaust through cavity 12, and under the action of the exhaust back pressure, the exhaust cavity guide fan 231 adjusts the direction, directly pushing the exhaust cavity power fan 232 to rotate, thereby generating a rotational torque on the turbofan shaft 21. Due to the existence of rotational inertia, when the medium cavity power fan 222 and the exhaust cavity power fan 232 continue to rotate, air extraction will be generated, so that the engine exhaust is at an instantaneous negative pressure, so that the engine exhaust resistance is extremely low, which is conducive to the engine continuing to exhaust and do work. Under the same fuel supply and output load conditions, the engine speed is increased by about 3%-5%.

[0100] The engine exhaust temperature will gather in the medium vaporization chamber 11 due to the heat conduction of the flaps. When the gathering temperature is greater than the boiling point of water, water is injected into the medium vaporization chamber 11, and the water vaporizes instantly, and the volume expands rapidly. The water is guided by the medium chamber guide fan, pushing the medium chamber power fan 222 and the turbofan shaft 21 to further accelerate the rotation, generating greater rotational inertia and torque. The engine speed continues to increase, while the fuel does not increase and the load does not decrease, and the additional speed is increased by 10%-15%. While the speed increases due to the recovery of back pressure and temperature, the engine power output will increase. According to the difference in exhaust temperature, the power output will be increased by about 13%-20%, which is very helpful for improving fuel economy and reducing engine size.

[0101] Example 6

[0102] This embodiment applies the tail heat power generation device in embodiment 3 or embodiment 4 to a 13-liter diesel engine, the exhaust temperature of the diesel engine is 650 degrees Celsius, the flow rate is about 4000 cubic meters / hour, and the exhaust heat is about 80 kilowatts. At the same time, this embodiment uses water as the heat exchange medium, and this tail heat power generation device can recover 20 kilowatts of electricity, which can be used to drive vehicle-mounted electrical appliances. Therefore, the tail heat power generation device in this embodiment can not only improve fuel economy, but also reduce the exhaust temperature to below the dew point, which is conducive to the implementation of electrostatic precipitator, wet electrostatic precipitator and ozone denitrification exhaust purification processes that require a low temperature environment; at the same time, it realizes engine torque conversion continuous high-efficiency braking and forced continuous braking.

[0103] Specifically, the tail heat power generation device of this embodiment is directly connected to the exhaust port of a 13-liter diesel engine, and by connecting the exhaust gas electric field device, the exhaust gas wet electrostatic precipitator and the ozone denitrification system at the outlet of the tail heat power generation device, that is, the outlet of the above-mentioned exhaust gas through the cavity 12, tail heat power generation, exhaust gas cooling, engine braking, dust removal, denitrification, etc. can be achieved.

[0104] Among them, this embodiment uses a 3-inch medium cavity power fan 222 and an exhaust cavity power fan 232, and uses a 10kw high-speed DC generator motor. The battery assembly uses a 48v300ah power battery pack, and uses a generator electric manual switch. In the initial state, the engine is idling, the speed is less than 750 rpm, the engine output power is about 10%, and the exhaust cavity power fan 232 is driven by the engine exhaust to rotate, the speed is about 2000 rpm, and the exhaust pressure is directly converted; the rotational inertia of the exhaust cavity power fan 232 and the turbofan shaft 21 causes the exhaust gas to be instantly negatively pressured; due to the rotation of the exhaust cavity power fan 232, an instantaneous negative pressure of about -80kp is generated in the exhaust pipe. By adjusting the power generation current, the power generation output is changed, thereby adjusting the exhaust emission resistance, adapting to the engine working condition, and obtaining a power generation power of 0.1-1.2kw.

[0105] When the load is 30%, the engine speed rises to 1300 rpm, the exhaust temperature is continuously higher than 300 degrees Celsius, water is injected into the medium gasification chamber 11, the exhaust temperature drops to 200 degrees Celsius, and a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated, which absorbs the exhaust temperature and generates steam power at the same time. Due to the restrictions of the medium chamber guide fan and the nozzle, the steam pressure sprayed on the medium chamber power fan continues to accelerate the rotation of the medium chamber power fan, so that the medium chamber power fan and the turbofan shaft rotate faster and with greater torque, driving the generator to rotate at high speed and high torque. By adjusting the starting current or excitation current to balance the starting work and the exhaust back pressure, the power generation capacity of 1kw-3kw is obtained. By adjusting the amount of water injected, the exhaust temperature changes are adapted to achieve the purpose of constant exhaust temperature, thereby obtaining a continuous exhaust temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Low-temperature exhaust is conducive to the subsequent exhaust gas electric field device to recover particulate matter and ozone denitrification, so as to achieve environmental protection purposes.

[0106] When the engine stops supplying fuel, the engine compressed air is dragged by the turbofan shaft 21, and the engine compressed air reaches the tail gas chamber power fan 232 through the exhaust pipe, pushing the tail gas chamber power fan 232, and converting the pressure into the rotational power of the turbofan shaft 21. The generator installed on the turbofan shaft 21 at the same time changes the exhaust volume passing through the turbofan by adjusting the power generation current, thereby changing the exhaust resistance, realizing engine braking and braking force release, and can obtain a braking force of about 3-10kw, while recovering 1-5kw of power generation.

[0107] When the generator switches to the electric braking mode, the generator instantly becomes an electric motor, which is equivalent to the driver quickly stepping on the brake pedal. At this time, the engine compressed air passes through the tail gas chamber power fan 232, pushing the tail gas chamber power fan 232 to rotate forward. Turn on the motor, output reverse torque, and transmit it to the medium cavity power fan 222 and the tail gas chamber power fan 232 through the turbofan shaft 21, forming a strong reverse thrust resistance, further increasing the braking effect. A large amount of compressed air work converts energy consumption into high-temperature gas, causing the cavity heat to accumulate, while increasing the engine braking force and forcing braking. The forced braking power is 15-30kw. This type of braking can generate electricity intermittently, with a power generation capacity of about 3-5kw.

[0108] When electric reverse thrust braking is used while intermittent power generation is performed, if emergency braking is suddenly needed, power generation can be stopped and the braking heat can be used to generate steam for braking. The accumulated heat from continuous compressed air braking is transferred to the water in the medium vaporization chamber. The steam generated in the medium vaporization chamber is output to the medium chamber power fan 222 through the reverse thrust duct, and the steam reverses the medium chamber power fan 222, forcing the medium chamber power fan 222 and the tail chamber power fan 232 to reverse, thereby achieving forced braking and generating a braking power of more than 30 kW.

[0109] In summary, the tail heat power generation device of the present invention can realize waste heat power generation based on automobile exhaust, and has high heat energy conversion efficiency, and the heat exchange medium can be recycled; it can be applied to the energy conservation and emission reduction fields of diesel engines, gasoline engines and gas engines, so that the engine waste heat can be recycled, thereby improving the economy of the engine; through high-speed turbofan exhaust to generate constant exhaust negative pressure, the exhaust resistance of the engine is reduced, and the engine efficiency is improved. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has a high industrial utilization value.

[0110] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0111] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tail heat power generation device, characterized in that: It includes a heat exchange unit, a power generation unit, and a power generation unit; The heat exchange unit comprises: an exhaust gas passage chamber, the exhaust gas passage chamber is used for exhaust gas to pass through; a medium gasification chamber, the medium gasification chamber is used for converting liquid heat exchange medium into gas after heat exchange with exhaust gas; The power generation unit includes a turbofan; The power generation unit is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit into electrical energy; The turbofan comprises: a turbofan shaft; at least two groups of turbofan assemblies, which are installed on the turbofan shaft and are used to allow at least two substances to pass through, wherein the substances passed through at least two groups of turbofan assemblies are different or not completely the same, and the turbofan assemblies can rotate in a first direction and a second direction; when the turbofan rotates in the first direction, the power generation unit converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, and when the generated electrical energy in turn drives the turbofan to rotate, and when the turbofan rotates in the second direction, the power generation unit converts the electrical energy into exhaust resistance to provide exhaust resistance for the engine; when the turbofan rotates in the first direction, a constant exhaust negative pressure is generated by high-speed turbofan exhaust, thereby reducing the exhaust resistance of the engine, and the turbofan adjustment module of the power generation unit uses the peak value of the engine exhaust pressure to drive the turbofan to generate rotational inertia, further delaying the generation of exhaust negative pressure of the exhaust gas; The at least two groups of turbofan assemblies include: a medium cavity turbofan assembly in the medium vaporization cavity and an exhaust cavity turbofan assembly in the exhaust gas passing cavity; the gaseous heat exchange medium in the medium vaporization cavity acts on the medium cavity turbofan assembly, and drives the medium cavity turbofan assembly and the turbofan shaft to rotate; the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas passing cavity acts on the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly, and drives the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly and the turbofan shaft to rotate.

2. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one set of the turbofan assemblies comprises: Diversion fan, power fan; When the material flows through the guide fan, it drives the guide fan to operate. Under the action of the guide fan, the material flows to the power fan along a set path, drives the power fan to operate, and drives the turbofan shaft to rotate together.

3. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail heat power generation device also includes a turbofan regulating module for regulating the rotation of the turbofan.

4. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the medium gasification cavity coincides with the axis of the tail gas passing through the cavity.

5. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail heat power generation device also includes: A medium circulation loop, wherein two ends of the medium circulation loop are respectively connected to two ends of the medium gasification chamber; The medium circulation loop includes a medium communication loop connected to the tail of the medium vaporization chamber, a condenser, a boosting module, a liquid storage module located between the condenser and the boosting module, a liquid regulating module located between the liquid storage module and the medium vaporization chamber, and a filling module located between the liquid storage module and the medium vaporization chamber, and the filling module is connected to the boosting module and the liquid regulating module, and the filling module includes a nozzle.

6. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail heat power generation device further includes a medium transmission unit, and the medium transmission unit is connected between the heat exchange unit and the power generation unit.

7. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The medium transmission unit includes a reverse thrust duct and a pressure-bearing pipeline.

8. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail heat power generation device further includes a coupling unit, which is electrically connected between the power generation unit and the power generation unit.

9. The tail heat power generation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The coupling unit includes an electromagnetic coupler.

Images