An electrically controlled pneumatic eye-wheel type precision seed metering device for Chinese medicinal herbs and its seeding method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electric-controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese herbal medicine precision seeding device and a seeding method thereof, wherein the outer side of the seeding wheel component is provided with socket holes along the circumferential direction, and the bottom of the socket holes is provided with air holes; the pneumatic system component is divided into a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber, the positive pressure chamber is a seeding area, and the negative pressure chamber is divided into a seed filling area and a seed carrying area; the transmission system component drives the seeding wheel component to rotate, and the seeding wheel component is provided with a circle of through holes along the rotation direction, and the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber of the pneumatic system component are connected with the air holes at the bottom of the socket holes through the through holes; when the seeding wheel component rotates through the seed filling area, the air hole adsorption force transmitted from the through holes through the negative pressure chamber adsorbs the seeds in the seed filling box component to the socket holes, and the seeds in the socket holes enter the seeding area after passing through the seed carrying area, and enter the seeding pipe welded parts for seeding under the action of the positive pressure airflow transmitted from the through holes through the positive pressure chamber. The present invention has a compact structure, has low requirements for air volume and air pressure stability, and can be adapted to the planting of Chinese herbal medicine crops with small plant spacing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to an electrically controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seeding device and a seeding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry, the demand for Chinese medicinal materials is increasing year by year, but the precision sowing of Chinese medicinal materials in my country is still mainly based on traditional manual operations. With the continuous increase in labor costs, the cost of the source of Chinese medicine has increased dramatically, and the price of medicinal materials will remain high, which has affected the healthy and stable development of the Chinese medicine industry; the seeds of Chinese medicinal materials have different shapes, and precision sowing is difficult. The demand for precision seeders for Chinese medicinal materials has increased year by year. At present, there are almost no precision seeders that can adapt to a variety of Chinese medicinal materials in the market; the precision seeding device is the core component of the seeder. The operating accuracy of the seeding device determines the sowing quality. According to its working principle, the precision seeding device is usually divided into two categories: mechanical and pneumatic. The socket wheel seeding device is the most widely used, with a simple structure and low production cost, but poor seeding effect; the air suction seeding device has the characteristics of low seed damage rate, good versatility, stable operation, etc., but it has a complex structure and high cost. Summary of the invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrically controlled pneumatic eye-wheel type precision seeding device for Chinese medicinal materials and a seeding method thereof, which has a compact structure, a smaller air chamber than that of an air suction drum type seeding device, and lower requirements for the stability of air volume and air pressure.

[0004] Technical solution: The electric-controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device described in the present invention comprises a bracket weldment and a seeding wheel component fixed on the bracket weldment, a transmission system component, a pneumatic system component, a seed filling box component and a seed guide pipe weldment; the outer side of the seeding wheel component is provided with socket holes along the circumferential direction, and the bottom of the socket holes is provided with air holes; the pneumatic system component is in an arc shape, and the arc-shaped inner cavity is divided into a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber, the positive pressure chamber is a seeding area, and the negative pressure chamber is divided into a seed filling area and a seed carrying area, the seed filling box component is arranged in the seed filling area, and the seed guide pipe weldment is arranged in the seeding area; The transmission system component drives the seeding wheel component to rotate, and the seeding wheel component is provided with a circle of through holes along the rotation direction, and the pneumatic system component is clamped on the top of the seeding wheel component, and the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber of the pneumatic system component are connected with the air holes at the bottom of the eyelet holes through the through holes; when the seeding wheel component rotates through the seed filling area, the air hole adsorption force transmitted from the through holes through the negative pressure chamber adsorbs the seeds in the seed filling box component to the eyelet holes, and the seeds in the eyelet holes enter the seeding area after passing through the seed carrying area, and enter the seed guide tube welded part for seeding under the action of the positive pressure airflow transmitted from the through holes through the positive pressure chamber. In the seed filling area and the seed carrying area, the air holes at the bottom of the sockets are connected to the negative pressure air chamber, and the air holes at the bottom of the sockets are at negative pressure. In the seed filling area, the seeds are subjected to the combined force of the sockets and the negative pressure, and a pneumatic and mechanical combination of seed filling is carried out to improve the filling effect and efficiency of the seed meter; in the seed carrying area, the negative pressure adsorbs the seeds to play a seed carrying role; in the seed casting area, the air holes at the bottom of the positive sockets are connected to the positive pressure air chamber, and the positive pressure airflow can be used to force the seeds to be cleaned, and the fine impurities in the suction holes can be removed to prevent the suction holes from being blocked.

[0005] To further improve the above technical solution, the seed wheel component includes a seed wheel and a first socket hole module and a second socket hole module distributed on both sides of the seed wheel; the first socket hole module and the second socket hole module are both multiple, connected end to end to form a ring; the first socket hole module is processed with a cylindrical countersunk hole for a hexagonal cylindrical head screw, and the second socket hole module is processed with a hexagonal countersunk hole for a nut. The first socket hole module and the second socket hole module are fixed to the seed wheel through a hexagonal cylindrical head screw and a nut, and the hexagonal cylindrical head screw and the nut protrude from the end faces on both sides of the seed wheel component. The hexagonal cylindrical head screw and the nut protrude from the end faces on both sides of the seed wheel component, which plays a role in stirring the seeds, which is conducive to filling the socket holes with seeds.

[0006] Furthermore, the first and second eyelet modules use tools of different diameters to process the angles and depths of the eyelets to adapt to different sizes of Chinese medicinal seeds; the first and second eyelet modules on both sides of the radially protruding circumferential surface of the seed wheel form the sealing belt height of the pneumatic system component.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission system components include a seed wheel transmission shaft, a spacer sleeve I, a hexagonal hole bearing, a bearing seat, a spacer sleeve II, a key, a synchronous pulley, a baffle, a hexagonal head bolt, a synchronous belt, a tensioning wheel and a motor I; the seed wheel component is sleeved in the middle of the seed wheel transmission shaft, one end of the seed wheel component is sequentially assembled with a spacer sleeve I, a hexagonal hole bearing, a bearing seat, a baffle and a hexagonal head bolt, and the other end of the seed wheel component is sequentially assembled with a spacer sleeve I, a hexagonal hole bearing, a bearing seat, a spacer sleeve II, a key, a synchronous pulley, a baffle and a hexagonal head bolt; the motor I is transmission-connected to the seed wheel component through a synchronous belt and a tensioning wheel.

[0008] Furthermore, the pneumatic system components also include a negative pressure sensor, a positive pressure sensor, a motor II, a damper, a negative pressure duct, a motor III, a positive pressure duct and a positive and negative pressure fan; the negative pressure chamber is fixed at the upper end of the bracket weldment, and the positive pressure chamber is fixed at the front end of the bracket weldment; the negative pressure sensor is installed at the lower end of the negative pressure chamber, and the negative pressure sensor detects the negative pressure value of the seed filling area, and the positive pressure sensor is installed at the lower end of the positive pressure chamber, and the positive pressure sensor detects the positive pressure value of the seed clearing area; a motor II and a damper are installed at the negative pressure port of the negative pressure chamber, and the angle of the damper is adjusted in real time by motor II; a motor III and a damper are installed at the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber, and the angle of the damper is adjusted in real time by motor III; the air inlet of the positive and negative pressure fans produces negative pressure, and the air outlet produces positive pressure, the air inlet of the positive and negative pressure fans is connected to the negative pressure port of the negative pressure chamber through the negative pressure duct, and the air outlet is connected to the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber through the positive pressure duct. The angle of the damper is adjusted in real time by motor II, and the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the negative pressure port is changed, that is, the airflow size is changed, thereby adjusting the negative pressure value of the negative pressure chamber in real time; the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber is equipped with a motor III and a damper, and the angle of the damper is adjusted in real time by motor III, and the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the positive pressure port is changed, that is, the airflow size is changed, thereby adjusting the positive pressure value of the positive pressure chamber in real time.

[0009] Furthermore, the seed filling box component includes a first seed filling box and a second seed filling box, and the first seed filling box and the second seed filling box are respectively installed on both sides of the seed wheel component, and the first seed filling box and the second seed filling box are rectangular, one end of the rectangle is designed as an arc-shaped seed filling port, and the top of the other end is provided with a cylindrical seed inlet, the seed inlet is connected with the seed filling port, and a seed unloading port is provided at the bottom of the rectangle corresponding to the seed filling port, and the seed unloading port is closed by a seed unloading plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the seed filling box component also includes a motor IV and a seed layer height adjustment plate, a lead screw, a lead screw slider, and a lead screw support seat; the seed layer height adjustment plate is installed on the seed inlet side of the first seed filling box and the second seed filling box, and the seed layer height adjustment plate is connected to the lead screw slider. The lead screw, the lead screw slider, the lead screw support seat and the motor IV are assembled and connected, and the seed layer height adjustment plate is controlled by the motor IV to adjust the opening between the seed inlet and the seed filling port. The seed layer height adjustment plate can be controlled in real time by the motor IV, that is, the seed layer height in the left seed filling box and the right seed filling box can be adjusted.

[0011] Furthermore, the seed guide pipe welded part is a funnel structure with a seeding notch. The seeding notch allows the seeds to be completely put into the seed guide pipe welded part, and under the action of the positive pressure airflow, the seeds quickly fall into the seed guide pipe welded part, reducing the seeding delay.

[0012] The present invention also provides a seeding method of an electrically controlled pneumatic eyelet wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seeding device, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1: Motor I, motor II, motor III, negative pressure sensor, positive pressure sensor and motor IV are connected to the controller, and the controller and positive and negative pressure fans are powered on; the first and second eyelet modules of the corresponding seeds are replaced; the seed inlets of the first and second seed filling boxes are connected to the seed boxes;

[0014] S2: Input seed type, negative pressure value, positive pressure value, sowing spacing and forward speed in the controller interface, and the controller automatically controls the parameters of motor IV to adjust the seed layer height adjustment plate to adjust the height of the seed layer in the first seed filling box and the second seed filling box to the optimal value; the controller automatically controls motor I to automatically adjust the speed of the seed wheel component; according to the parameters of the negative pressure sensor and the positive pressure sensor, the controller automatically controls motor II and motor III to automatically adjust the pressure parameters in the negative pressure chamber and the positive pressure chamber, so that the seed filling and unloading are in the optimal state;

[0015] S3: As the seed wheel component rotates, the seeds in the seed filling area are subjected to the combined force of the socket holes and the negative pressure, and a pneumatic and mechanical combination of seed filling is carried out. The seeds enter the socket holes, and the seeds are subjected to the supporting force of the socket holes and the adsorption force of the pores; as the seed wheel component rotates, the socket holes carry the seeds out of the seed filling box and into the seed carrying area; as the seed wheel component rotates, the socket holes carry the seeds into the seed unloading area, and the pores at the bottom of the socket holes are converted from negative pressure to positive pressure. The seeds are forced to leave the socket holes under the action of the positive pressure airflow and enter the seed guide tube welded parts for planting.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] 1. The seed-metering device of the present invention integrates mechanical and pneumatic combined technology, can further improve the seed filling and seeding performance of the air suction seed-metering device, has wide applicability, can be adapted to the planting of crops with smaller plant spacing, and can meet the intensive precision sowing requirements of various Chinese medicinal materials.

[0018] 2. The present invention arranges a first eyelet module and a second eyelet module on both sides of the seeding wheel, and is respectively equipped with a first seed filling box and a second seed filling box to perform "one round, two rows" sowing operation, and has a compact structure, a smaller air chamber than that of an air suction drum type seeding device, and lower requirements for air volume and air pressure stability.

[0019] 3. The structure is compact, which can improve sowing accuracy and efficiency, greatly improve labor productivity, reduce labor intensity, and reduce labor costs. It can adapt to the planting of Chinese medicinal crops with smaller plant spacing and meet the intensive precision sowing requirements of a variety of Chinese medicinal materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the whole machine of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is another side structural schematic diagram of the whole machine of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seed wheel in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the seed wheel in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission system components in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the transmission system components in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic system components in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of the pneumatic system components in the present invention.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the seed filling box components.

[0029] Fig.10 It is the exploded view of the seed filling box components in the present invention.

[0030] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the seed guide pipe weldment in the present invention.

[0031] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.13 It is a side view of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the present invention.

[0034] Numbers in the figure: 1, bracket weldment; 2, seed wheel components, 2-1, seed wheel, 2-2, first socket hole module, 2-3, second socket hole module, 2-4, hexagon socket head screw, 2-5, nut; 3, transmission system components, 3-1, seed wheel transmission shaft, 3-2, spacer sleeve I, 3-3, hexagonal hole bearing, 3-4, bearing seat, 3-5, spacer sleeve II, 3-6, key, 3-7, synchronous pulley, 3-8, baffle, 3-9, hexagon head bolt, 3-10, synchronous belt, 3-11, tensioner, 3-12, motor I; 4. Pneumatic system components, 4-1. Negative pressure chamber, 4-2. Positive pressure chamber, 4-3. Negative pressure sensor, 4-4. Positive pressure sensor, 4-5. Motor II, 4-6. Air damper, 4-7. Negative pressure duct, 4-8. Motor III, 4-9. Positive pressure duct, 4-10. Positive and negative pressure fans; 5. Seed filling box components, 5-1. Seed filling box, 5-2. Second seed filling box, 5-3. Seed layer height adjustment plate, 5-4. Seed unloading plate, 5-5. Screw, 5-6. Screw slider, 5-7. Screw support seat, 5-8. Motor IV; 6. Seed guide tube weldments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

[0036] Example 1: Figure 1-13 The electric-controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device shown in the figure comprises a support weldment 1, a seed wheel component 2, a transmission system component 3, a pneumatic system component 4, a seed filling box component 5 and a seed guide pipe weldment 6; the seed wheel component 2, the transmission system component 3, the pneumatic system component 4, the seed filling box component 5 and the seed guide pipe weldment 6 are assembled on the support weldment 1 by means of hexagon socket head screws. The support weldment 1 is made of square steel material by processing and welding.

[0037] The seed wheel component 2 includes a seed wheel 2-1, a first eyelet hole module 2-2, a second eyelet hole module 2-3, an inner hexagon socket head screw 2-4, and a nut 2-5. The inner circumferential surface 2-7 of the first eyelet hole module 2-2 and the second eyelet hole module 2-3 fits with the outer circumferential surface 2-6 of the positioning boss of the seed wheel 2-1 to play a positioning and fastening role. The three first eyelet hole modules 2-2 and the three second eyelet hole modules 2-3 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the seed wheel 2-1, and are fastened to the screw hole 2-8 by six inner hexagon socket head screws 2-4 and six nuts 2-5.

[0038] The eyelet holes 2-9 of the first eyelet hole module 2-2 and the second eyelet hole module 2-3 are processed by selecting tools of different diameters, angles and depths according to the sizes of different Chinese medicinal material seeds, so as to obtain the first eyelet hole modules 2-2 and the second eyelet hole modules 2-3 of different types of Chinese medicinal materials; when sowing different Chinese medicinal materials, different first eyelet hole modules 2-2 and second eyelet hole modules 2-3 can be conveniently replaced without disassembling the seed wheel 2-1; the first eyelet hole module 2-2 is processed with a cylindrical countersunk hole for a hexagon socket head screw 2-4, and the second eyelet hole module 2-3 is processed with a hexagonal countersunk hole for a nut 2-5, Fig.13 As shown, the hexagon socket head screws 2-4 and nuts 2-5 protrude from the end surfaces on both sides of the seed wheel component 2, which play a role in stirring the seeds, which is conducive to filling the socket holes 2-9 with seeds; the outer circumferential surface of the seed wheel 2-1 protrudes from the first socket hole module 2-2 and the second socket hole module 2-3 by a certain height, and the protruding height is the height of the air chamber sealing belt.

[0039] The seeding wheel 2-1 is processed with through holes 2-10 and air holes 2-11. The through holes 2-10 of the seeding wheel 2-1 are communicated with the air chamber, and the air holes of the seeding wheel 2-1 are communicated with the air holes 2-11 at the bottom of the sockets of the first socket hole module 2-2 and the second socket hole module 2-3; the air holes at the bottom of the sockets in the seed filling area 7 and the seed carrying area 8 are communicated with the negative pressure air chamber, and the air holes at the bottom of the sockets are negative pressure. In the seed filling area 7, the seeds 2-12 are subjected to the combined force of the sockets and the negative pressure, and the pneumatic and mechanical combined seed filling is carried out to improve the seed filling effect and efficiency of the seed meter; in the seed carrying area 8, the negative pressure absorbs the seeds 2-12 to carry the seeds; in the seed throwing area 9, the air holes at the bottom of the positive sockets are communicated with the positive pressure air chamber, and the seeds 2-12 can be forcibly removed through the positive pressure airflow, and the fine impurities in the suction holes can be removed to prevent the suction holes from being blocked.

[0040] The transmission system component 3 includes a seeding wheel transmission shaft 3-1, a spacer sleeve I 3-2, a hexagonal hole bearing 3-3, a bearing seat 3-4, a spacer sleeve II 3-5, a key 3-6, a synchronous pulley 3-7, a baffle 3-8, a hexagonal head bolt 3-9, a synchronous belt 3-10, a tensioning wheel 3-11 and a motor I 3-12; the seeding wheel transmission shaft 3-1 is made of a hexagonal shaft, and a hexagonal hole is processed in the middle of the seeding wheel component 2. The seeding wheel component 2 is installed in the middle of the seeding wheel transmission shaft 3-1, and one end of the seeding wheel component 2 is installed in sequence. Equipped with spacer sleeve I 3-2, hexagonal hole bearing 3-3, bearing seat 3-4, baffle plate 3-8 and hexagonal head bolt 3-9, the other end of the seed wheel component 2 is installed with spacer sleeve I 3-2, hexagonal hole bearing 3-3, bearing seat 3-4, spacer sleeve II 3-5, key 3-6, synchronous pulley 3-7, baffle plate 3-8 and hexagonal head bolt 3-9 in sequence to axially fix the seed wheel component 2 in the middle of the seed wheel transmission shaft 3-1; the motor I 3-12 is connected to the seed wheel component 2 through the synchronous belt 3-10 and the tensioning wheel 3-11.

[0041] The pneumatic system component 4 includes a negative pressure chamber 4-1, a positive pressure chamber 4-2, a negative pressure sensor 4-3, a positive pressure sensor 4-4, a motor II 4-5, a damper 4-6, a negative pressure duct 4-7, a motor III 4-8, a positive pressure duct 4-9 and a positive and negative pressure fan 4-10; the negative pressure chamber 4-1 is installed at the upper end of the seed wheel component 2 and is fixed to the upper end of the bracket welded component 1 by a hexagon socket cylindrical head screw, the positive pressure chamber 4-2 is installed at the front end of the seed wheel component 2 and is fixed to the front end of the bracket welded component 1 by a hexagon socket cylindrical head screw, and the negative pressure chamber 4-1 and the positive pressure chamber 4-2 are fastened by hexagon socket cylindrical head screws; the negative pressure sensor 4-3 is installed at the lower end of the negative pressure chamber 4-1, and the negative pressure sensor 4-3 detects the negative pressure value of the seed filling area 7, and the positive pressure sensor 4-4 is installed at the lower end of the positive pressure chamber 4-2, and the positive pressure sensor 4-4 detects the positive pressure value of the seed cleaning area; the negative pressure A motor II 4-5 and a damper 4-6 are installed at the negative pressure port of chamber 4-1. The angle of the damper 4-6 is adjusted in real time by the motor II 4-5 to change the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the negative pressure port, that is, to change the airflow size, thereby adjusting the negative pressure value of the negative pressure chamber 4-1 in real time; a motor III 4-8 and a damper 4-6 are installed at the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber 4-2. The angle of the damper 4-6 is adjusted in real time by the motor III 4-8 to change the pipe cross-sectional area of ​​the positive pressure port, that is, to change the airflow size, thereby adjusting the positive pressure value of the positive pressure chamber 4-2 in real time; the air inlet end of the positive and negative pressure fan 4-10 produces negative pressure, and the air outlet end of the positive and negative pressure fan produces positive pressure. The air inlet of the positive and negative pressure fan 4-10 is connected to the negative pressure port of the negative pressure chamber 4-1 through the negative pressure duct 4-7, and the air outlet of the positive and negative pressure fan 4-10 is connected to the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber 4-2 through the positive pressure duct 4-9.

[0042] The seed filling box component 5 includes a first seed filling box 5-1, a second seed filling box 5-2, a seed layer height adjustment plate 5-3, a seed unloading plate 5-4, a lead screw 5-5, a lead screw slider 5-6, a lead screw support seat 5-7 and a motor IV 5-8; the seed filling ports 5-9 of the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2 are designed to be arc-shaped according to the movement trajectory of the eyelet holes, and are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the seed wheel component 2, and are fixed to the bracket weldment 1 by hexagon socket cylindrical head screws; the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2 are designed with a seed inlet 5-10 and a seed unloading port 5-11, and the seed unloading plate 5-4 is installed at the seed unloading port, that is, It is installed at the bottom end of the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2, so that seeds can be easily unloaded after sowing; the lead screw 5-5, the lead screw slider 5-6, the lead screw support seat 5-7 and the motor IV 5-8 are assembled and connected, and the hexagon socket cylindrical head screw is assembled on the bracket weldment 1; the seed layer height adjustment plate 5-3 is installed on the side end of the seed inlet of the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2, and the seed layer height adjustment plate 5-3 is connected to the lead screw slider 5-6 by the hexagon socket cylindrical head screw. The seed layer height adjustment plate 5-3 can be controlled in real time by the motor IV 5-8, that is, the seed layer height in the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2 can be adjusted.

[0043] The seed guide pipe welded part 6 is processed with a seeding notch, which allows the seeds to be completely put into the seed guide pipe welded part 6. Under the action of the positive pressure airflow, the seeds 2-12 fall quickly in the seed guide pipe welded part 6, reducing the seeding delay.

[0044] The working state includes the following steps:

[0045] S1: Connect motor I3-12, motor II4-5, motor III4-8, negative pressure sensor 4-3, positive pressure sensor 4-4 and motor IV5-8 to the controller, and turn on the power to the controller and the positive and negative pressure fans 4-10; replace the first eyelet module 2-2 and the second eyelet module 2-3 of the corresponding seeds; connect the seed inlets of the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2 to the seed boxes.

[0046] S2: Input parameters such as seed type, negative pressure value, positive pressure value, sowing spacing and forward speed in the interface of the controller. The controller automatically controls the parameters of motor IV 5-8, adjusts the seed layer height adjustment plate 5-3, and adjusts the height of the seed layer in the first seed filling box 5-1 and the second seed filling box 5-2 to the optimal value; the controller automatically controls motor I 3-12 to automatically adjust the speed of the seed wheel component 2; according to the parameters of the negative pressure sensor 4-3 and the positive pressure sensor 4-4, the controller automatically controls motor II 4-5 and motor III 4-8 to automatically adjust the pressure parameters in the negative pressure chamber 4-1 and the positive pressure chamber 4-2, so that the filling and unloading of seeds reach the optimal state.

[0047] S3: As the seed wheel component 2 rotates, the seeds in the seed filling area 7 are subjected to the combined force of the socket holes and the negative pressure, and a pneumatic and mechanical combination of seed filling is carried out. The seeds enter the socket holes, and the seeds are subjected to the supporting force of the socket holes and the adsorption force of the pores; as the seed wheel component 2 rotates, the socket holes carry the seeds out of the seed filling box, that is, leave the seed filling area 7 and enter the seed carrying area 8; as the seed wheel component 2 rotates, the socket holes carry the seeds into the seed unloading area, and the pores at the bottom of the socket holes are converted from negative pressure to positive pressure. The seeds are forced to leave the socket holes under the action of the positive pressure airflow and enter the seed guide tube weldment 6 for planting.

[0048] The invention can carry out "one round and two rows" sowing operation and has a compact structure. Compared with the air suction drum type seed metering device, the air chamber is smaller and the requirements for the air volume and air pressure stability are lower.

[0049] The invention has a compact structure, can improve sowing accuracy, improve sowing efficiency, can greatly improve labor productivity, reduce labor intensity, reduce labor costs, can be adapted to planting Chinese medicinal crops with smaller plant spacing, and can meet the intensive precision sowing requirements of various Chinese medicinal materials.

[0050] As described above, although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the present invention itself. Various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electric-controlled pneumatic eye-wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seeding device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a support weldment (1), a seeding wheel component (2) fixed on the support weldment (1), a transmission system component (3), a pneumatic system component (4), a seed filling box component (5) and a seed guide pipe weldment (6); the seeding wheel component (2) is provided with a socket hole along the circumferential direction on the outer side, and an air hole is provided at the bottom of the socket hole; the pneumatic system component (4) is in an arc shape, and the arc-shaped inner cavity is divided into a positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber, the positive pressure chamber is a seeding area, and the negative pressure chamber is divided into a seed filling area and a seed carrying area, the seed filling box component (5) is arranged in the seed filling area, and the seed guide pipe weldment (6) is arranged in the seeding area; the transmission system component (3 ) drives the seeding wheel component to rotate, the seeding wheel component (2) is provided with a circle of through holes along the rotation direction, the pneumatic system component (4) is clamped on the top of the seeding wheel component (2), and the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber of the pneumatic system component (4) are connected with the air holes at the bottom of the socket holes through the through holes; when the seeding wheel component (2) rotates and passes through the seed filling area, the air hole adsorption force transmitted from the through holes in the negative pressure chamber adsorbs the seeds in the seed filling box component (5) to the socket holes, and the seeds in the socket holes enter the seed dropping area after passing through the seed carrying area, and enter the seed guide pipe welded part (6) for seed dropping under the action of the positive pressure airflow transmitted from the through holes in the positive pressure chamber; The seeding wheel component (2) comprises a seeding wheel (2-1) and a first eyelet module (2-2) and a second eyelet module (2-3) distributed on both sides of the seeding wheel (2-1); the first eyelet module (2-2) and the second eyelet module (2-3) are both multiple and connected end to end to form a ring; the first eyelet module (2-2) is processed with a cylindrical countersunk hole for a hexagon socket head screw, and the second eyelet module is processed with a hexagonal countersunk hole for a nut (2-5); the first eyelet module (2-2) and the second eyelet module are fixed to the seeding wheel (2-1) by means of a hexagon socket head screw (2-4) and a nut (2-5); the hexagon socket head screw (2-4) and the nut (2-5) protrude from the end surfaces on both sides of the seeding wheel component (2); The transmission system component (3) comprises a seeding wheel transmission shaft (3-1), a spacer sleeve I (3-2), a hexagonal hole bearing (3-3), a bearing seat (3-4), a spacer sleeve II (3-5), a key (3-6), a synchronous pulley (3-7), a baffle (3-8), a hexagonal head bolt (3-9), a synchronous belt (3-10), a tensioning wheel (3-11) and a motor I (3-12); the seeding wheel component (2) is sleeved on the middle part of the seeding wheel transmission shaft (3-1), and one end of the seeding wheel component (2) is equipped with a spacer sleeve I (3-11) in sequence. -2), a hexagonal hole bearing (3-3), a bearing seat (3-4), a baffle (3-8) and a hexagonal head bolt (3-9); the other end of the seeding wheel component (2) is sequentially installed with a spacer sleeve I (3-2), a hexagonal hole bearing (3-3), a bearing seat (3-4), a spacer sleeve II (3-5), a key (3-6), a synchronous pulley (3-7), a baffle (3-8) and a hexagonal head bolt (3-9); the motor I (3-12) is connected to the seeding wheel component (2) through a synchronous belt (3-10) and a tensioning wheel (3-11); The pneumatic system components (4) also include a negative pressure sensor (4-3), a positive pressure sensor (4-4), a motor II (4-5), a damper (4-6), a negative pressure duct (4-7), a motor III (4-8), a positive pressure duct (4-9) and positive and negative pressure fans (4-10); the negative pressure chamber (4-1) is fixed to the upper end of the bracket welded part (1), and the positive pressure chamber (4-2) is fixed to the front end of the bracket welded part (1); the negative pressure sensor (4-3) is installed at the lower end of the negative pressure chamber (4-1), and the negative pressure sensor (4-3) detects the negative pressure value of the filling area; the positive pressure sensor (4-4) is installed at the lower end of the positive pressure chamber (4-2), and the positive pressure sensor (4-4) detects Positive pressure value of the seed cleaning area; a motor II (4-5) and a damper (4-6) are installed at the negative pressure port of the negative pressure chamber (4-1), and the angle of the damper (4-6) is adjusted in real time by the motor II (4-5); a motor III (4-8) and a damper (4-6) are installed at the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber (4-2), and the angle of the damper (4-6) is adjusted in real time by the motor III (4-8); the air inlet of the positive and negative pressure fan (4-10) produces negative pressure, and the air outlet produces positive pressure, the air inlet of the positive and negative pressure fan (4-10) is connected to the negative pressure port of the negative pressure chamber (4-1) through a negative pressure duct (4-7), and the air outlet is connected to the positive pressure port of the positive pressure chamber (4-2) through a positive pressure duct (4-9).

2. According to claim 1, the electrically controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device is characterized in that: The first eyelet module (2-2) and the second eyelet module (2-3) use tools of different diameters to process the angles and depths of the eyelets to adapt to different sizes of Chinese medicinal material seeds; the first eyelet modules (2-2) and the second eyelet modules (2-3) radially protruding on both sides of the circumferential surface of the seed wheel (2-1) form the height of the sealing belt of the pneumatic system component (4).

3. The electrically controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seed filling box component (5) comprises a first seed filling box (5-1) and a second seed filling box (5-2). The first seed filling box (5-1) and the second seed filling box (5-2) are respectively installed on both sides of the seed wheel component (2). The first seed filling box (5-1) and the second seed filling box (5-2) are rectangular, one end of the rectangle is designed as an arc-shaped seed filling port, and the top of the other end is provided with a cylindrical seed inlet, the seed inlet is connected to the seed filling port, and the bottom end of the rectangle is provided with a seed discharge port corresponding to the seed filling port, and the seed discharge port is closed by a seed discharge plate (5-4).

4. The electrically controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The seed filling box component (5) also includes a motor IV (5-8) and a seed layer height adjustment plate (5-3), a screw (5-5), a screw slider (5-6), and a screw support seat (5-7); the seed layer height adjustment plate (5-3) is installed on the seed inlet side of the first seed filling box (5-1) and the second seed filling box (5-2), and the seed layer height adjustment plate (5-3) is connected to the screw slider (5-6); the screw (5-5), the screw slider (5-6), the screw support seat (5-7) and the motor IV (5-8) are assembled and connected, and the motor IV (5-8) controls the seed layer height adjustment plate (5-3) to adjust the opening between the seed inlet and the seed filling port.

5. The electrically controlled pneumatic socket wheel type Chinese medicinal material precision seed metering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seed guide pipe welded part (6) is a funnel structure with a seeding notch.

6. A seeding method of an electric-controlled pneumatic eyelet wheel-type precision seeding device for Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Motor I (3-12), motor II (4-5), motor III (4-8), negative pressure sensor (4-3), positive pressure sensor (4-4) and motor IV (5-8) are connected to the controller, and the controller and the positive and negative pressure fans (4-10) are powered on; the first eyelet module (2-2) and the second eyelet module (2-3) of the corresponding seeds are replaced; the seed inlets of the first seed filling box (5-1) and the second seed filling box (5-2) are connected to the seed boxes; S2: Input the seed type, negative pressure value, positive pressure value, sowing spacing and forward speed on the interface of the controller, and the controller automatically controls the parameters of motor IV (5-8) to adjust the seed layer height adjustment plate (5-3) to adjust the height of the seed layer in the first seed filling box (5-1) and the second seed filling box (5-2) to an optimal value; the controller automatically controls motor I (3-12) to automatically adjust the rotation speed of the seed wheel component (2); according to the parameters of the negative pressure sensor (4-3) and the positive pressure sensor (4-4), the controller automatically controls motor II (4-5) and motor III (4-8) to automatically adjust the pressure parameters in the negative pressure chamber (4-1) and the positive pressure chamber (4-2) to achieve the optimal state of seed filling and seed unloading; S3: As the seeding wheel component (2) rotates, the seeds in the seed filling area are subjected to the combined force of the eyelets and the negative pressure, and a pneumatic and mechanical combined seed filling is performed. The seeds enter the eyelets and are subjected to the supporting force of the eyelets and the adsorption force of the pores. As the seeding wheel component (2) rotates, the eyelets carry the seeds out of the seed filling box and into the seed carrying area. As the seeding wheel component (2) rotates, the eyelets carry the seeds into the seed unloading area, and the pores at the bottom of the eyelets are converted from negative pressure to positive pressure. The seeds are forced to leave the eyelets under the action of the positive pressure airflow and enter the seed guide pipe weldment (6) for seeding.

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