Combustion particle collection and flue gas composition testing device under low pressure environment

Abstract

The present invention provides a device for collecting combustion particulate matter and testing smoke components in a low-pressure environment, comprising a venturi pipe, a first channel, a second channel and a third channel, wherein one end of the venturi pipe is a first air inlet; one end of the first channel is connected to the other end of the venturi pipe, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is externally connected to a heat release rate tester at the first air outlet; the second channel is connected to the first channel between both ends, one end of the second channel is provided with a gas propeller, the other end of the second channel is a second air outlet, the second channel is externally connected to a gas chromatograph at the second air outlet, and the second channel is connected to a gas cylinder and a pressure relief port; one end of the third channel is connected to the venturi pipe, the other end of the third channel is a second air inlet, and a multi-layer detachable filter is provided in the third channel. The present invention solves the problems of collecting smoke particles generated by combustion in a low-pressure environment, testing calorific value and analyzing gas components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of collecting combustion particles of aviation materials and testing smoke components, and in particular to a device for collecting combustion particles and testing smoke components in a low-pressure environment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the demand for civil aviation has increased, the aviation industry has flourished, and new materials have been continuously used in aircraft manufacturing. These new materials often have more excellent characteristics, lighter weight, longer durability, and more reasonable prices, but at the same time their safety is also more important. Considering that the cruising altitude of civil airliners is generally between 8400km and 12500km above sea level, the atmospheric pressure decreases by 100Pa for every 9m increase in altitude, and the passenger aircraft is in a low-pressure environment for a long time during flight. Once a thermal runaway combustion event occurs, the toxicity of the smoke produced by the new material after combustion in a low-pressure environment also becomes a consideration for whether it can be widely used. Under different environmental pressures, the combustion products of materials are different, and their toxicity is also different. If the harmfulness of the smoke after the combustion of the new material has a greater impact on the human body, then its scope of use will be reserved during the manufacturing process, and it may even be refused to use. Therefore, it is particularly important to collect and toxic the smoke after the combustion of aviation materials. General smoke collection systems operate in the normal pressure range, and there is no obvious distinction between particulate matter and gas in the smoke. Considering the actual situation in the civil aviation field, it is particularly important to design a smoke collection and analysis system after the combustion of aviation materials in a low-pressure environment. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problem of collecting smoke particles from combustion materials and collecting and analyzing smoke online under low-pressure conditions. In the operating environment of an aircraft, both inside and outside the cabin are actually in a low-pressure state. A fire inside or outside the cabin poses a great threat to the life safety of crew members and passengers. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion characteristics of substances burning under low pressure to provide guarantees for the design, preparation and selection of aviation materials and the improvement of aviation emergency response capabilities.

[0004] The existing experimental means and analysis techniques mainly rely on flue gas analyzers to test flue gas components under low pressure conditions. However, the gas components and accuracy measured by this test method are relatively limited, the real-time detection effect is poor, and it is difficult to directly apply it to low-pressure environments for sample collection and analysis. Chromatography with online high-precision testing functions is currently difficult to be directly used for testing flue gas components under low pressure. In addition, there is currently a lack of effective collection methods for particulate matter produced by combustion under low pressure. The innovative solution proposed by the present invention based on the Venturi principle can collect particulate matter produced by sample combustion online without affecting the combustion gas emission and calorific value test. Moreover, the present invention can also analyze and test the collected particulate matter by simply disassembling the sample. In terms of gas testing, the present invention pressurizes the collected gas through a physical propeller, thereby meeting the requirements of chromatographic testing and realizing online high-precision real-time collection and analysis of the gas.

[0005] The present invention provides a combustion particle collection and smoke composition testing device in a low-pressure environment to solve the problems of collecting smoke particles generated by combustion in a low-pressure environment, testing calorific value and analyzing gas composition.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a combustion particulate matter collection and smoke composition testing device under low pressure environment, comprising:

[0007] a venturi pipe, one end of which is a first air inlet;

[0008] A first channel, one end of which is connected to the other end of the Venturi pipe, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is externally connected to a heat release rate tester at the first air outlet;

[0009] a second channel, the two ends of which are connected to the first channel, a gas propeller being provided at one end of the second channel, a second gas outlet being provided at the other end of the second channel, the second channel being externally connected to a gas chromatograph at the second gas outlet, and the second channel being connected to a gas cylinder and a pressure relief port;

[0010] The third channel has one end connected to the Venturi pipe, the other end of the third channel is a second air inlet, and multiple layers of detachable filters are arranged in the third channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the first channel is provided with a multi-layer filter screen between the venturi pipe and the second channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the first channel is connected to the second channel through a pipeline, and a fourth valve is provided on the pipeline.

[0013] Furthermore, the first channel is provided with a seventh valve at the first air outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, the second channel is provided with an eighth valve at the second air outlet.

[0015] Furthermore, a fifth valve is provided between the second channel and the gas cylinder; and a sixth valve is provided at the pressure relief port of the second channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the Venturi pipe is provided with a first valve at the first air inlet.

[0017] Furthermore, the third channel is provided with a third valve at the second air inlet; and the third channel is provided with a second valve between the multi-layer detachable filter and the Venturi pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, the multi-layer detachable filter screen is a three-layer detachable filter screen.

[0019] Furthermore, the mesh diameter of the multi-layer detachable filter is 0.500-4.000 mm.

[0020] Compared with the related art, the combustion particulate matter collection and smoke composition testing device under low pressure environment provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention uses a gas cylinder and a pressure relief port to wash and vacuumize the flue gas, uses a Venturi pipe and a multi-layer filter to inhale and collect the flue gas, and uses a gas propeller to propel the gas to a gas chromatograph, so as to test the combustion heat release rate under a low-pressure environment, and use chromatography to more accurately analyze the gas composition, and can collect cleaner sample gas and smoke particles, solving the problem that the current flue gas testing device cannot test the flue gas under a low-pressure environment and the sample gas and smoke particles are not collected with sufficient purity, and can test the heat release rate, collect and analyze the components, and collect smoke particles for the gas generated by combustion simultaneously or separately as needed, and at the same time, the smoke particles are collected using a three-layer detachable filter, and filters with different apertures can be used as needed. The flue gas collection and testing device has a simple structure and low cost. In actual operation, it can collect and analyze the flue gas more conveniently, and is suitable for scientific research departments, colleges and universities, and enterprises related to combustion characteristic analysis to carry out determination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a combustion particulate matter collection and smoke composition testing device under a low-pressure environment provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a detachable filter screen of a combustion particulate matter collection and smoke composition testing device under a low-pressure environment provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1Label: 1-Venturi pipe; 2-first channel; 3-second channel; 4-third channel; 5-first air inlet; 6-first air outlet; 7-second air inlet; 8-second air outlet; 9-multi-layer detachable filter; 10-multi-layer filter; 11-gas thruster; 12-gas cylinder; 13-pressure relief port; 14-first valve; 15-second valve; 16-third valve; 17-fourth valve; 18-fifth valve; 19-sixth valve; 20-seventh valve; 21-eighth valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides a combustion particulate matter collection and smoke composition testing device under a low-pressure environment, comprising a venturi pipe 1, a first channel 2, a second channel 3, a third channel 4, a first air inlet 5, a first air outlet 6, a second air inlet 7, a second air outlet 8, a multi-layer detachable filter 9, a multi-layer filter 10, a gas propeller 11, a gas cylinder 12, a pressure relief port 13, a first valve 14, a second valve 15, a third valve 16, a fourth valve 17, a fifth valve 18, a sixth valve 19, a seventh valve 20 and an eighth valve 21; one end of the venturi pipe 1 is the first air inlet 5; One end of the first channel 2 is connected to the other end of the Venturi pipe 1, and the other end of the first channel 2 is a first air outlet 6, and the first air outlet 6 is externally connected to a heat release rate tester; the second channel 3 is connected to the first channel 2 between both ends, and one end of the second channel 3 is provided with a gas propeller 11, and the other end of the second channel 3 is a second air outlet 8, and the second channel 3 is externally connected to a gas chromatograph at the second air outlet 8, and the second channel 3 is connected to a gas cylinder 12 and a pressure relief port 13; one end of the third channel 4 is connected to the Venturi pipe 1, and the other end of the third channel 4 is a second air inlet 7, and a multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 is provided in the third channel 4.

[0027] The first channel 2 is provided with a multi-layer filter screen 10 between the venturi pipe 1 and the second channel 3; the first channel 2 is connected to the second channel 3 through a pipeline, and a fourth valve 17 is provided on the pipeline; the first channel 2 is provided with a seventh valve 20 at the first air outlet 6; the second channel 3 is provided with an eighth valve 21 at the second air outlet 8; a fifth valve 18 is provided between the second channel 3 and the gas cylinder 12; the second channel 3 is provided with a sixth valve 19 at the pressure relief port 13; the venturi pipe 1 is provided with a first valve 14 at the first air inlet 5; the third channel 4 is provided with a third valve 16 at the second air inlet 7; the third channel 4 is provided with a second valve 15 between the multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 and the venturi pipe 1; the multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 is a three-layer detachable filter screen.

[0028] During operation, the smoke collection and testing device is used to perform heat release rate test, smoke particle collection, and gas chromatography analysis. The first valve 14, the third valve 16, the seventh valve 20, and the eighth valve 21 are closed, and the second valve 15 and the fourth valve 17 are opened to connect the Venturi pipe 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3, and the third channel 4. The fifth valve 18 is slowly opened, and the gas in the gas cylinder 12 enters the Venturi pipe 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3, and the third channel 4. After the gas intake reaches the gas washing requirement, the fifth valve 18 is closed, and the sixth valve 19 is opened. The pressure is released through the pressure relief port 13 to clean the Venturi pipe 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3, and the third channel 4. After cleaning, the sixth valve 19 is closed. At this time, the Venturi pipe 1, the first channel 2, the second channel 3, and the third channel 4 are in a vacuum low pressure state. In the cleaning state, the first valve 14 and the third valve 16 are opened, a large amount of external gas enters from the first air inlet 5, and a small amount of external gas enters from the second air inlet 7. The gas in the third channel 4 enters the Venturi pipe 1 after being filtered by the multi-layer detachable filter 9, and enters the first channel 2 together with the gas entering through the first air inlet 5 from the Venturi pipe 1. After the gas is filtered by the multi-layer filter 10, a large amount of gas enters the heat release rate tester from the first air outlet 6, and is sucked out of the first channel 2 through the heat release rate tester, and a small amount of gas enters the thinner second channel 3. At this time, the front end of the gas propeller 11 is pushed from the right side of the fourth valve 17 to the left side of the fourth valve 17, and the gas is sucked into the second channel 3. The fourth valve 17 is closed to push the gas propeller 11, and the eighth valve 21 is opened to allow the gas to enter the gas chromatograph through the second air outlet 8.

[0029] When the smoke collection and testing device is not used in this embodiment, the first valve 14, the third valve 16, the seventh valve 20 and the eighth valve 21 can be closed to prevent communication with the outside world and prevent the entry of external gas and smoke.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first valve 14, the second valve 15, the third valve 16, the fourth valve 17, the fifth valve 18, the sixth valve 19, the seventh valve 20, and the eighth valve 21 can be switched on and off according to usage requirements, and gas heat release rate test, smoke particle collection, gas composition analysis, or any two functions can be performed separately; the first valve 14, the second valve 15, the third valve 16, the fourth valve 17, the fifth valve 18, the sixth valve 19, the seventh valve 20, and the eighth valve 21, valve models, types, and whether manual or automatic valves are used can be selected and installed according to actual conditions.

[0031] In this embodiment, the multi-layer detachable filter screen 9 can be used according to the needs, and the filter screen with a mesh size of 0.500-4.000 mm can be used. After being disassembled, the composition and properties of the smoke particles can be analyzed.

[0032] In this embodiment, the gas propeller 11 is seamlessly fitted to the second channel 3 with good airtightness. Due to the support of the gas propeller 11, when the thick cylindrical part of the gas propeller 11 completely enters the second channel 3, the gas propeller 11 will not be subjected to additional friction from the tube wall. During use, the front end of the thin cylindrical support of the gas propeller 11 should not exceed the leftmost end of the fourth valve 17, that is, it should not be connected to the external environment.

[0033] In this embodiment, the gas in the gas cylinder 12 uses argon gas, but is not limited to argon gas.

[0034] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for collecting combustion particles and testing flue gas composition under low pressure, characterized in that: include: a venturi pipe, one end of which is a first air inlet; A first channel, one end of which is connected to the other end of the Venturi pipe, the other end of the first channel is a first air outlet, and the first channel is externally connected to a heat release rate tester at the first air outlet; a second channel, the two ends of which are connected to the first channel, a gas propeller being provided at one end of the second channel, a second gas outlet being provided at the other end of the second channel, the second channel being externally connected to a gas chromatograph at the second gas outlet, and the second channel being connected to a gas cylinder and a pressure relief port; A third channel, one end of which is connected to the Venturi pipe, the other end of which is a second air inlet, and a multi-layer detachable filter screen is provided in the third channel; The first channel is provided with a multi-layer filter screen between the venturi pipe and the second channel; The first channel is connected to the second channel through a pipeline, and a fourth valve is provided on the pipeline; The first channel is provided with a seventh valve at the first air outlet; The second channel is provided with an eighth valve at the second air outlet; A fifth valve is provided between the second channel and the gas cylinder; a sixth valve is provided at the pressure relief port of the second channel; The venturi pipe is provided with a first valve at the first air inlet; The third channel is provided with a third valve at the second air inlet; the third channel is provided with a second valve between the multi-layer detachable filter screen and the Venturi pipe; The multi-layer detachable filter screen is a three-layer detachable filter screen; The mesh diameter of the multi-layer detachable filter is 0.500-4.000 mm.

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