A breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block and an ecological slope protection construction method

Abstract

A breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block, comprising a building block body, the building block body comprising a top surface, a bottom surface, a front face, a rear face, a left side surface and a right side surface, characterized in that large convex tenons or large concave mortises are provided on the top surface, the bottom surface, the left side surface and the right side surface, the large convex tenons cooperate with the large concave mortises to form mortise and tenon connections between upper and lower adjacent building blocks and left and right adjacent building blocks in the formed highway slope. And a method for constructing an ecological slope protection using a breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block is provided. The present invention provides a breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block and a method for constructing an ecological slope protection, which solve the problems of resource utilization of crop straw and dredged sludge, highway slope protection and road landscaping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of highway slope protection construction in geotechnical engineering, and in particular relates to a design and production method of a solidified porous building block of a mixture of crop straw and dredged sludge, and a highway slope ecological protection construction method. Background Art

[0002] Highway slope protection is an important technical means to prevent soil erosion on the slope and protect the ecological environment of the route. In the past, most of the traditional mortar (dry) masonry (block) stone protection technology was used. Although it achieved the purpose of anti-(rainwater) scouring, it had many shortcomings, such as: large stone consumption, low construction efficiency, difficult maintenance and repair, old and monotonous appearance, and unsuitable for greening and landscaping. In recent years, engineering and technical personnel have also developed various types of vegetation blocks to solve the problems of slope protection and greening. However, both traditional mortar masonry and current vegetation blocks make the slope in a (near) closed state. According to the principle of the "pot lid effect", water vapor in the slope is easy to migrate and gather to the boundary (i.e., the slope surface). When the slope surface is (nearly) closed, the water vapor is not easy to discharge, resulting in a decrease in slope strength and unfavorable slope stability. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new slope protection materials, structures and construction methods.

[0003] As we all know, human daily production and life will produce various types of (solid) waste. Every summer and autumn, crop harvesting will produce a large amount of rice, wheat and corn stalks, and burning in the fields will produce a lot of smoke, seriously polluting the atmospheric environment of rural areas and surrounding cities. Dredging projects in rivers, lakes and seas can produce a large amount of dredged sludge, which is often disposed of by simple methods such as blowing, dumping or filling, which not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also pollutes the environment and destroys the ecology. In view of this, using dredged sludge and crop straw as raw materials, and using sludge solidification technology to factory-produce breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks, can not only reasonably dispose of dredged sludge and crop straw, but also solve the problem of slope water vapor accumulation / inability to discharge and causing instability, and meet the current "two-oriented society" about resource conservation and environmental friendliness. Basic requirements. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block and an ecological slope protection construction method, which can solve the problems of resource utilization of crop straw and dredged silt, highway slope protection and road landscaping.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] A breathable and moisture-absorbent porous building block comprises a building block body, wherein the building block body comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a front end surface, a rear end surface, a left side surface and a right side surface, and is characterized in that large convex tenons or large concave mortises are provided on the top surface, the bottom surface, the left side surface and the right side surface, and the large convex tenons cooperate with the large concave mortise and tenon to form mortise and tenon connections between upper and lower adjacent building blocks and left and right adjacent building blocks in the formed highway slope.

[0007] Furthermore, small tenons are provided on both sides of the large tenon, small tenons are provided on both sides of the large mortise, and the small tenons cooperate with the small mortise.

[0008] Preferably, the small tenons are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the large tenon, and the small mortise is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the large mortise.

[0009] More preferably, there are at least two small tenons and at least two small mortises.

[0010] Furthermore, straw is randomly distributed in the block body.

[0011] Preferably, the straw is provided with an exposed section which is exposed on the surface of the building block body.

[0012] The block body is provided with holes for assembling rivets, and the holes are through from the front end surface to the rear end surface.

[0013] An ecological slope protection construction method comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Block design

[0015] The breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block comprises a building block body, and the building block body comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a front end surface, a rear end surface, a left side surface and a right side surface, and is characterized in that a large convex tenon or a large concave mortise is provided on the top surface, the bottom surface, the left side surface and the right side surface, and the large convex tenon cooperates with the large concave mortise to form a mortise-tenon connection between upper and lower adjacent building blocks and left and right adjacent building blocks in the formed highway slope; small convex tenons are provided on both sides of the large convex tenon, and small concave mortise is provided on both sides of the large concave mortise, and the small convex tenon cooperates with the small concave mortise;

[0016] (2) Block production

[0017] The block making process is used to prefabricate breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks, and the process steps include mold making, raw material preparation (crop straw cutting and processing, high-water content dredged sludge rapid dehydration, industrial waste residue composite curing agent preparation), raw material mixing, (in the mold) pouring / vibration / pressing molding and autoclaving curing;

[0018] Cutting and processing of crop straw: Straw can be added as one of the raw materials required for making blocks.

[0019] Rapid dehydration of high-water content dredged sludge: The air-permeable vacuum rapid mud-water separation technology is used for the treatment of high-water content and high-clay content dredged sludge in the yard, so that the dredged sludge can be turned into high liquid limit clay (water content is reduced to less than 120%), and the dehydrated dredged sludge is obtained as one of the raw materials required for block production;

[0020] Preparation of composite curing agent for industrial waste residue: Select the annual average discharge volume and Ca 2+ Phosphogypsum and alkali slag with high effective ingredients are used as the main raw materials, and slag and fly ash are auxiliary materials. In the design of the curing agent formula, the unique physical and chemical properties of various types of industrial waste slag are fully utilized, including the sulphoaluminate excitation effect of phosphogypsum on slag and fly ash and the alkali excitation effect of alkali slag on slag and fly ash. Taking the curing time and early strength as evaluation indicators, an industrial waste slag composite curing agent is developed, and the optimal proportion of the components is: phosphogypsum 12-30%, alkali slag 20-50%, slag 0-30%, fly ash 0-20%, admixture 0-5%.

[0021] Through orthogonal test of mix ratio, the optimal dosage of industrial waste slag composite curing agent in (dehydrated) dredged sludge in the block is defined as 6-8%, with an allowable error of -0.5% to +1.0%; at the same time, the optimal volume ratio of crop straw to (dehydrated) dredged sludge in the block is defined as 20:80-30:70. According to the designed mix ratio, the raw materials are mixed, poured, vibrated, pressed and autoclaved (in the designed mold), so as to prefabricate the air-permeable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks.

[0022] (3) Pressure test and pore injection

[0023] In order to remove the mud or straw debris accumulated in the (straw) during the prefabrication of the blocks, a pressure test and water permeability treatment is carried out before masonry, and the blocks are sealed with rubber membranes, but the water inlet and outlet pipes are kept unobstructed. High-pressure water flow (>0.3MPa) is injected into the inlet to dredge the pores by flushing the pores until the inflow and outflow of water are stable, so that the blocks have good permeability.

[0024] In order to achieve the effect of slope greening, the blocks are pore-injected after the pressure test. According to the ratio requirements, raw materials such as grass seeds, adhesives and organic fertilizers are selected and mixed into a mixed slurry. The pressure grouting method is used to inject the mixed slurry into the pores of the breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks. After completion, the grass seeds can germinate and grow, realizing the ecological protection of slope greening.

[0025] (4) Slope protection construction, the process is as follows:

[0026] Mortise and tenon embedding: Since porous blocks have mortise and tenon structures, the blocks with mortise and tenon are placed at intervals, and then the adjacent blocks are spliced, squeezed and embedded one by one by mortise and tenon;

[0027] Screw installation: To prevent the blocks from sliding down the slope, according to the slope gradient, for each or every other block, use a small screw to rotate and rivet into the reserved hole in the center of the block to a depth of about 20 cm into the slope soil, thereby fixing the blocks to share part of the downward force and enhance stability;

[0028] Joint treatment: To prevent rainwater from seeping into the gaps, after the masonry is completed, cement mortar with the designed grade is used for grouting. Before grouting, the gaps are sprinkled with water to moisten them. The quality requirements for grouting include firmness, straightness, uniform width and color, etc.

[0029] Furthermore, in the step (1), the block specifications and shapes are as follows: according to conventional conditions, the block size is a flat square, with a small size (thickness) in the direction perpendicular to the slope and a large size (length equal to width) in the direction parallel to the slope, and the design specifications are length × width × thickness = 500mm × 500mm × 100mm (excluding the mortise and tenon part). In order to simplify the construction and avoid a lot of work in mortar masonry, the blocks are designed to be connected by mortise and tenon in the direction parallel to the length or width, and are divided into two types: one is a block with an external tenon, which is characterized in that: a large tenon that penetrates the thickness is designed at the center of each side, the lower part of the tenon is a rectangle of 150mm × 50mm, and the upper part is a semi-ellipse with the major and minor axes of 150mm and 100mm respectively; and 4 small tenons of length × width = 50mm × 20mm are symmetrically designed on both sides of each side, and the tenons do not penetrate in the thickness direction. The other type is a block with an inner concave mortise, where the size of the inner concave mortise is consistent with the size of the convex mortise. The large and small convex mortise and concave mortise of adjacent blocks can be seamlessly spliced ​​and interlocked, thereby transferring the load and maintaining overall stability, and preventing local stress concentration from causing cracking and damage to the blocks. To prevent sliding along the slope, a through hole is left in the center of each block for small screws to rivet into the slope, thereby fixing the block and enhancing stability.

[0030] Furthermore, in the step (1), the straw selection and processing: in order to enhance the air permeability and moisture absorption effect of the block, corn or sorghum straw with a relatively large stem diameter is selected as the mixing material. The straw is processed into different sizes by a cutting machine, the minimum size is equivalent to the thickness of the block, and the maximum size is 1 / 5 to 1 / 8 of the width or length. When the straw with a sufficient volume is randomly arranged and mixed into the (dehydrated) dredged sludge, the above-mentioned size design can ensure that there is enough straw to penetrate the block in the thickness direction, forming a certain area ratio of air permeable and moisture absorption channels on the inner and outer surfaces of the block; at the same time, a network is formed inside the block to form a connected drainage microchannel, reduce the length of the seepage path, and improve the permeability and drainage performance of the block; the good air permeability / (capillary) moisture absorption performance of crop straw is used to make the slope soil inside the block communicate with the atmosphere outside the block, so as to achieve the purpose of air permeability, moisture absorption (water vapor migration) and drainage (seepage).

[0031] The technical concept of the present invention is: based on the concept of "waste recycling", the patent of the present invention uses industrial waste residue composite curing agent to solidify the mixture of (dehydrated) dredged sludge and crop straw to produce porous blocks, which can organically combine sludge treatment, slope protection and environmental greening, and is suitable for the construction of slope protection and landscape greening projects of highways and urban roads at all levels (especially lake and reservoir areas or scenic greenways).

[0032] The principle of porous blocks’ air permeability and moisture absorption: When a sufficient volume of straw is randomly arranged and mixed into the (dehydrated) dredged sludge, a straw network can be formed inside the prefabricated blocks, forming interconnected drainage microchannels; and a certain proportion of straw penetrates the inner and outer surfaces of the prefabricated blocks to form internal and external channels. Since crop straw has good air permeability and (capillary) moisture absorption properties, the blocks have air permeability, moisture absorption and drainage (seepage) functions.

[0033] Principle of ecological slope protection with porous blocks: The blocks are light in weight, porous, light and strong, which will not only not increase the slope load, but also form a relatively solid slope protection structure. The pores of the blocks are flushed and dredged by water testing to make the blocks have good permeability. The mixed slurry is injected into the pores of the blocks by pressure injection. After the project is completed, the grass seeds germinate and grow, solidifying the slope soil, achieving ecological protection and meeting the requirements of environmental protection and landscape.

[0034] Even if the straw in the blocks is decomposed by microorganisms or filled with plant roots many years later, the blocks still retain their air permeability, moisture absorption and drainage properties; this is because the pores remain unchanged after the decomposition by microorganisms, and the roots themselves have the inherent properties of air permeability and moisture absorption.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:

[0036] Safe and stable. This type of block is spliced, compacted and embedded through mortise and tenon joints, and anchored to the slope through screws, which can effectively improve the integrity of the structure, resist heavy rainfall erosion, and thus prevent the slope from becoming unstable.

[0037] Economical and environmentally friendly. Because dredged sludge and crop straw are used as the main raw materials, and the blocks do not need to be sintered, the cost of raw materials is reduced, energy consumption and environmental pollution are reduced, achieving the purpose of reducing construction costs and protecting the environment.

[0038] Fast construction. This type of block can be prefabricated in the factory and quickly laid on site, thus effectively shortening the construction period.

[0039] Ecological protection. After pressure-injected vegetation treatment, this type of block makes it easy for grass seeds to germinate / grow due to its porous surface and breathable and moisture-absorbent properties, thereby solidifying and greening the slope and achieving ecological restoration and protection.

[0040] Taking into account the landscape. This type of block is used for highway slope protection and can be integrated into the road greening system. At the same time, it strengthens the sense of hierarchy and patchwork of the landscape and improves the beauty of the road. It is especially suitable for the construction of slope protection projects in lake and reservoir areas or scenic areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a breathable and moisture-absorbent porous building block.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another breathable and moisture-absorbent porous building block.

[0043] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Stereoscopic diagram.

[0044] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Stereoscopic diagram.

[0045] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the random distribution of straw within the block.

[0046] Among them, 1-block body, 2-reserved assembly rivet holes, 3-exposed surface straw, 4-large convex tenon, 5-small convex tenon, 6-large concave mortise, 7-straw randomly distributed in the block, 8-small concave mortise, 9-water vapor in the slope soil, 10-water droplets condensed after passing through the straw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 5 A breathable and moisture-absorbent porous building block comprises a building block body 1, wherein the building block body 1 comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a front end surface, a rear end surface, a left side surface and a right side surface, and large convex tenons 4 or large concave mortise and tenon 6 are arranged on the top surface, the bottom surface, the left side surface and the right side surface, and the large convex tenons 4 cooperate with the large concave mortise and tenon to form mortise and tenon connections between upper and lower adjacent building blocks and left and right adjacent building blocks in the formed highway slope.

[0050] Furthermore, small tenons 5 are provided on both sides of the large tenon 4, small tenons 8 are provided on both sides of the large mortise 6, and the small tenons 5 cooperate with the small mortise 8.

[0051] Preferably, the small tenons 5 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the large tenon 4 , and the small mortises 8 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the large mortise 6 .

[0052] More preferably, there are at least two small tenons 5 and at least two small recesses 8.

[0053] Furthermore, straws 7 are randomly distributed in the block body 1 .

[0054] Preferably, the straw is provided with an exposed section which is exposed on the surface of the building block body.

[0055] The block body 1 is provided with a rivet assembly hole 2, and the hole 2 passes through from the front end surface to the rear end surface.

[0056] According to the general situation, the size of the block is a flat square, with a small size (thickness) in the direction perpendicular to the slope and a large size in the direction parallel to the slope (length equals width). The design specifications are length × width × thickness = 500mm × 500mm × 100mm (excluding the mortise and tenon part). In order to simplify the construction and avoid a lot of work in mortar masonry, the blocks are designed to be connected by mortise and tenon in the direction parallel to the length or width. There are two types: one is a block with an external tenon. On the plane, its characteristics are: a large tenon that penetrates the thickness is designed at the center of each side. The lower part of the tenon is a rectangle of 150mm × 50mm, and the upper part is a semi-ellipse with a long and short axis of 150mm and 100mm respectively; and 4 small tenons of length × width = 50mm × 20mm are symmetrically designed on both sides of each side, and the tenons do not penetrate in the thickness direction. The other type is a block with an internal concave mortise, and the size of the internal concave is consistent with the size of the convex. The large and small convex and concave tenons of adjacent blocks can be seamlessly spliced ​​and interlocked, thereby transferring loads and maintaining overall stability, and preventing local stress concentration from causing cracking and damage to the blocks. To prevent sliding along the slope, a through hole is left in the center of each block for small screws to rivet into the slope, thereby fixing the blocks and enhancing stability.

[0057] Straw selection and processing: In order to enhance the air permeability and moisture absorption effect of the blocks, corn or sorghum straw with relatively large stem diameter is selected as the mixing material. The straw is processed into different sizes by a cutting machine, the minimum size is equivalent to the thickness of the block, and the maximum size is 1 / 5 to 1 / 8 of the width or length. When the straw with a sufficient volume is randomly arranged and mixed into the (dehydrated) dredged sludge, the above-mentioned size design can ensure that there is enough straw to penetrate the block in the thickness direction, forming a certain area ratio of air permeable and moisture absorption channels on the inner and outer surfaces of the block; at the same time, a network is formed inside the block to form a connected drainage microchannel, reduce the length of the seepage path, and improve the permeability and drainage performance of the block; the good air permeability / (capillary) moisture absorption performance of crop straw is used to make the slope soil inside the block communicate with the atmosphere outside the block, so as to achieve the purpose of air permeability, moisture absorption (water vapor migration) and drainage (seepage).

[0058] Conventional block making technology is used to prefabricate breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks. The process steps include mold making, raw material preparation (crop straw cutting and processing, high-water content dredged sludge rapid dehydration, industrial waste residue composite curing agent preparation), raw material mixing, (in the mold) pouring / vibrating / pressing molding and autoclaving curing, etc.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 5 , an ecological slope protection construction method, comprising the following steps:

[0061] (1) Block design

[0062] Block specifications and shapes: According to common conditions, the block size is a flat square block, with a small size (thickness) in the direction perpendicular to the slope and a large size (length equals width) in the direction parallel to the slope. The design specifications are length × width × thickness = 500mm × 500mm × 100mm (excluding the mortise and tenon part). In order to simplify the construction and avoid a lot of work in mortar masonry, the blocks are designed to be connected by mortise and tenon joints, which are divided into two types: one is a block with an external convex tenon at the center of the four sides, and the other is a block with an internal concave tenon at the center of the four sides. The tenons and tenons of adjacent blocks can be seamlessly spliced ​​and interlocked, thereby transferring the load and maintaining overall stability. In order to prevent sliding along the slope, a through hole is left in the center of each block for small screws to rivet into the slope, thereby fixing the block to enhance stability.

[0063] Straw selection and processing: In order to enhance the air permeability and moisture absorption effect of the blocks, corn or sorghum straw with relatively large stem diameter is selected as the mixing material. The straw is processed into different sizes by a cutting machine, the minimum size is equivalent to the thickness of the block, and the maximum size is 1 / 5 to 1 / 8 of the width or length. When the straw with a sufficient volume is randomly arranged and mixed into the (dehydrated) dredged sludge, the above-mentioned size design can ensure that there is enough straw to penetrate the block in the thickness direction, forming a certain area ratio of air permeable and moisture absorption channels on the inner and outer surfaces of the block; at the same time, a network is formed inside the block to form a connected drainage microchannel, reduce the length of the seepage path, and improve the permeability and drainage performance of the block; the good air permeability / (capillary) moisture absorption performance of crop straw is used to make the slope soil inside the block communicate with the atmosphere outside the block, so as to achieve the purpose of air permeability, moisture absorption (water vapor migration) and drainage (seepage).

[0064] (2) Block production

[0065] Conventional block making technology is used to prefabricate breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks. The process steps include mold making, raw material preparation (crop straw cutting and processing, high-water content dredged sludge rapid dehydration, industrial waste residue composite curing agent preparation), raw material mixing, (in the mold) pouring / vibrating / pressing molding and autoclaving curing, etc.

[0066] Cutting and processing of crop straw: For the method, refer to "Straw selection and processing" in (1) block making, and straw can be added as one of the raw materials required for block making.

[0067] Rapid dehydration of dredged sludge with high water content: Referring to the published invention patent "Breathable vacuum rapid mud and water separation method for dredged sludge with high water content" (patent application number CN200710132092.9), the breathable vacuum rapid mud and water separation technology is used for the treatment of dredged sludge with high water content and high clay content in the yard, so that the dredged sludge is converted into high liquid limit clay (water content is reduced to less than 120%), and the dehydrated dredged sludge, which is one of the raw materials required for block production, is obtained.

[0068] Preparation of industrial waste residue composite curing agent: Referring to the published invention patent "A method for composite curing of lightweight soil and roadbed layered filling of dredged sludge industrial waste residue" (patent application number 201811246109.8), the annual average discharge volume and Ca 2+ Phosphogypsum and alkali slag with high effective ingredients are used as the main raw materials, and slag and fly ash are auxiliary materials. In the design of the curing agent formula, the unique physical and chemical properties of various types of industrial waste slag are fully utilized, including the sulphoaluminate excitation effect of phosphogypsum on slag and fly ash and the alkali excitation effect of alkali slag on slag and fly ash. Taking the curing time and early strength as evaluation indicators, an industrial waste slag composite curing agent was developed, and the optimal proportion of the components is: phosphogypsum 12-30%, alkali slag 20-50%, slag 0-30%, fly ash 0-20%, and admixture 0-5%.

[0069] Through orthogonal test of mix ratio, the optimal dosage of industrial waste slag composite curing agent in (dehydrated) dredged sludge in the block is defined as 6-8%, with an allowable error of -0.5% to +1.0%; at the same time, the optimal volume ratio of crop straw to (dehydrated) dredged sludge in the block is defined as 20:80-30:70. According to the designed mix ratio, the raw materials are mixed, poured, vibrated, pressed and autoclaved (in the designed mold), so as to prefabricate the air-permeable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks.

[0070] (3) Pressure test and pore injection

[0071] In order to remove the mud or straw debris accumulated in the (straw) during the prefabrication of the blocks, a pressure test water permeability treatment is carried out before masonry. The blocks are sealed with rubber membranes, but the water inlet and outlet are kept unobstructed. High-pressure water flow (>0.3MPa) is injected into the inlet to dredge the pores by flushing the pores until the inflow and outflow of water are stable, so that the blocks have good permeability.

[0072] In order to achieve the effect of slope greening, the blocks are pore-injected after the pressure test. According to the ratio requirements, raw materials such as grass seeds, adhesives and organic fertilizers are selected and mixed into a mixed slurry. The pressure grouting method is used to inject the mixed slurry into the pores of the breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks. After completion, the grass seeds can germinate and grow, realizing the ecological protection of slope greening.

[0073] (4) Ecological slope protection construction

[0074] The construction method of the breathable and moisture-absorbing porous block ecological slope protection (including construction preparation, block prefabrication, test water permeability and pore injection and slope leveling / laying anti-filtration geotextile / block laying / screw installation, etc.) is implemented in accordance with the "Technical Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Road Slope Ecological Protection Projects" (DB44 / T 499-2008) and the published invention patents. In the invention patent, the key processes that are different from the specifications and the published invention patents are detailed as follows:

[0075] Slope leveling

[0076] In the longitudinal direction of the road, the roadbed slope is leveled and compacted every 10 to 15 meters according to the designed slope; at the same time, weeds, tree roots and other protrusions are removed, and potholes are filled, etc., so that the roadbed slope is finally made flat and dense.

[0077] Laying the filter layer: Use warp knitted composite geotextile as the filter material and lay it from downstream to upstream on the leveled slope. During the construction process, the upstream edge of the geotextile overlaps the downstream edge (the overlap width shall not be less than 10mm) to form a whole.

[0078] Laying out blocks: First, arrange two rows of blocks from the foot to the top of the slope every 10 to 15 meters; second, calculate the number of blocks required and the location of the first block according to the slope area, block size and gap width. Finally, use the theodolite to measure and lay out two perpendicular routes, and use a level to assist in positioning, and then start laying the blocks.

[0079] The process of laying blocks is:

[0080] Mortise and tenon embedding: Since the porous building blocks of the present invention have a mortise and tenon structure, there is no need to adopt the traditional slurry squeezing method for paving. It is only necessary to place the building blocks with mortise and tenon at intervals, and then splice, squeeze and embed the adjacent building blocks one by one through the mortise and tenon joints.

[0081] Screw installation: To prevent the blocks from sliding down the slope, according to the slope gradient, for each or every other block, use a small screw to rotate and rivet into the reserved hole in the center of the block to a depth of about 20 cm into the slope soil, thereby fixing the block to share part of the downward sliding force and enhance stability.

[0082] Joint treatment: To prevent rainwater from seeping into the gaps, after the masonry is completed, cement mortar with the designed grade is used for grouting. Before grouting, the gaps are sprinkled with water to moisten them. The quality requirements for grouting include firmness, straightness, uniform width and color, etc.

[0083] Slope maintenance: After paving is completed, the slope should be covered in time and watered frequently to keep it moist, so as to prevent the mortar from losing moisture and affecting the growth of strength over time. The maintenance time should not be less than 7 days. Within a period of time after paving is completed, the grass seeds inside the vegetation blocks will germinate and grow, solidify, and green the roadbed slope, showing a green / ecological slope protection effect.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection construction method of breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Block design The breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block comprises a building block body, the building block body comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a front end surface, a rear end surface, a left side surface and a right side surface, large convex tenons or large concave mortises are arranged on the top surface, the bottom surface, the left side surface and the right side surface, the large convex tenons cooperate with the large concave mortises, and the upper and lower adjacent building blocks and the left and right adjacent building blocks in the formed highway slope are connected by mortise and tenon; small convex tenons are arranged on both sides of the large convex tenon, small concave mortises are arranged on both sides of the large concave mortise, and the small convex tenons cooperate with the small concave mortise; (2) Block production, the process is as follows: Cutting and processing of crop straw: obtaining raw materials needed for making blocks; Rapid dehydration of dredged sludge with high water content: The air-permeable vacuum rapid mud-water separation technology is used for the treatment of dredged sludge with high water content and high clay content in the yard, so that the dredged sludge can be turned into high liquid limit clay, and the dehydrated dredged sludge, which is one of the raw materials required for block production, can be obtained; Preparation of composite curing agent for industrial waste residue: Select large annual discharge and Ca 2+ With high effective ingredients of phosphogypsum and alkali slag as the main raw materials, and slag and fly ash as auxiliary materials, the unique physical and chemical properties of various types of industrial waste slag are fully utilized in the design of curing agent formula, including the sulphoaluminate excitation effect of phosphogypsum on slag and fly ash and the alkali excitation effect of alkali slag on slag and fly ash. With curing time and early strength as evaluation indicators, an industrial waste slag composite curing agent is developed, and the optimal proportion of the components is: phosphogypsum 12-30%, alkali slag 20-50%, slag 0-30%, fly ash 0-20%, admixture 0-5%; Through orthogonal test of mix ratio, the optimal dosage of industrial waste residue composite curing agent in dredged sludge in the block is defined as 6-8%, with an allowable error of -0.5% to +1.0%; at the same time, the optimal volume ratio of crop straw to dredged sludge in the block is defined as 20:80-30:70, the raw materials are mixed according to the designed mix ratio, poured, vibrated, pressed and autoclaved in the designed mold, so as to prefabricate the air-permeable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks; (3) Pressure test and pore injection Before laying, the blocks are tested for pressure and water permeability. Rubber membranes are used to seal the blocks, but the water inlet and outlet are kept unobstructed. High-pressure water is injected into the inlet to flush the pores until the inflow and outflow are stable, so that the blocks have good permeability. In order to achieve the effect of slope greening, the blocks are pore-injected after the pressure test. According to the ratio requirements, grass seeds, adhesives and organic fertilizer raw materials are selected and mixed into a mixed slurry. The pressure grouting method is used to inject the mixed slurry into the pores of the breathable and moisture-absorbing porous blocks. After completion, the grass seeds can germinate and grow, realizing the ecological protection of slope greening. (4) Slope protection construction, the process is as follows: Mortise and tenon embedding: Since porous blocks have mortise and tenon structures, the blocks with mortise and tenon are placed at intervals, and then the adjacent blocks are spliced, squeezed and embedded one by one by mortise and tenon; Screw installation: To prevent the blocks from sliding down the slope, according to the slope gradient, for each or every other block, use a small screw to rotate and rivet into the reserved hole in the center of the block to a depth of 20 cm into the slope soil, thereby fixing the blocks to share part of the downward force and enhance stability; Joint treatment: To prevent rainwater from seeping into the gaps, after the masonry is completed, use cement mortar with the designed grade to grout the joints. Before grouting, sprinkle water on the gaps to moisten them. The quality requirements for the joints include firmness, straightness, uniform width and color.

2. The ecological slope protection construction method of a breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the block specifications and shapes are as follows: the block size is a flat square block, with a small size in the direction perpendicular to the slope and a large size in the direction parallel to the slope. The design specifications excluding the mortise and tenon parts are length × width × thickness = 500mm × 500mm × 100mm. The blocks are designed to be connected by mortise and tenon in the direction parallel to the length or width. There are two types: one is a block with an external tenon. On the plane, a large tenon is designed to penetrate the thickness at the center of each side. The lower part of the tenon is a rectangle of 150mm × 50mm, and the upper part is a rectangle with a major axis and a minor axis of 150mm × 100mm. There are semi-ovals of 150mm and 100mm; and 4 small tenons of length × width = 50mm × 20mm are symmetrically designed on both sides of each side, which do not penetrate in the thickness direction. The other type is a block with an inner recessed mortise, and the size of the inner recessed mortise is consistent with the size of the protrusion; the large and small tenons and mortise of adjacent blocks can be seamlessly spliced ​​and interlocked, so as to transfer the load and maintain the overall stability, and prevent local stress concentration from causing cracking and damage to the blocks. In order to prevent sliding along the slope, a through hole is reserved in the center of each block for small screws to rivet into the slope, thereby fixing the blocks to enhance stability.

3. The ecological slope protection construction method of a breathable and moisture-absorbing porous building block according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the straw is selected and processed: corn or sorghum straw with a relatively large stem diameter is selected as the mixing material, and the straw is processed into different sizes by a cutting machine, the minimum size is equivalent to the thickness of the block, and the maximum size is 1 / 5 to 1 / 8 of the width or length; when the straw is randomly arranged and mixed into the dredged sludge with a sufficient volume ratio, the above-mentioned size design can ensure that there is enough straw to penetrate the block in the thickness direction, forming a breathable and moisture-absorbing channel with a set area ratio on the inner and outer surfaces of the block; at the same time, a network is formed inside the block to form a connected drainage microchannel, thereby reducing the length of the seepage path and improving the permeability and drainage performance of the block; using the good breathability / moisture-absorbing properties of crop straw, the slope soil inside the block is connected to the atmosphere outside the block, so as to achieve the purpose of breathability, moisture absorption and drainage.

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