Equipment and method for comprehensive utilization of oil shale

Abstract

The present invention discloses equipment and method for comprehensive utilization of oil shale, belonging to the technical field of oil shale oil production. The equipment for comprehensive utilization of oil shale of the present invention comprises: a crushing station, a drying and preheating device, a horizontal pyrolysis device, a gas collecting tower, a horizontal calcining device, an oil-gas separation device, and a calcined shale slag treatment device; the horizontal pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal heating kiln, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln defines a pyrolysis chamber, the horizontal heating kiln defines a heating chamber, the oil-gas separation device is connected to a sedimentation separation tank, one side of the sedimentation separation tank is connected to a shale oil storage tank, and the other side is connected to the drying and preheating device, so that the oil sludge left after separation is sent to the drying and preheating device for repeated utilization. The embodiments of the present invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment and shale oil extraction equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil shale oil production, and in particular to equipment and method for comprehensive utilization of oil shale. Background Art

[0002] Oil shale is an oil-bearing ore that is widely distributed around the world. It is distributed in many provinces of my country with considerable reserves. The total oil reserves of oil shale are a one-time natural energy source that is greater than natural petroleum. When processing oil shale, the existing oil shale processing equipment is difficult to extract all the shale oil in the oil shale, which will cause a lot of resource waste; the slag generated in the production process is discarded in large quantities, which will also pollute the environment, and the various high-temperature exhaust gases generated cannot fully utilize the heat contained in them, resulting in a large energy loss; the filter residue and dry materials generated during the purification of shale oil cannot be reused. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and propose oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment to improve the utilization rate of oil shale.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment comprises: a crushing station for crushing oil shale; a drying and preheating device for drying and preheating oil shale; a horizontal pyrolysis device for pyrolyzing oil shale; a horizontal calcining device for calcining pyrolysis slag produced by the horizontal pyrolysis device; a gas collecting tower located between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcining device, for collecting oil and gas produced after pyrolysis of oil shale; an oil and gas separation device for separating the oil and gas mixture; a calcined shale slag treatment device for further treating the calcined shale slag to produce building material cementitious material; wherein the horizontal pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal heating kiln arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is defined in the horizontal heating kiln, the horizontal calcining device comprises a horizontal calcining rotary kiln, a calcining chamber is defined in the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, and the calcined shale slag treatment device comprises a device for making the calcined shale slag into building material cementitious material.

[0006] The grinding station, the oil-gas separation device is connected to the sedimentation separation tank, one side of the sedimentation separation tank is connected to the shale oil storage tank, and the other side is connected to the drying and preheating device, so that the oil sludge remaining after separation can be sent to the drying and preheating device for reuse.

[0007] The present invention proposes an oil shale comprehensive utilization device, which reduces the particle size of the oil shale through a crushing station, making the oil shale easier to extract oil and gas by heat, so as to improve the oil yield. After pretreatment by a drying and preheating device, the contained moisture and surface organic matter are eliminated. The horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcination device are used to pyrolyze the oil shale, extract shale oil and gas, and process the pyrolyzed oil shale; the pyrolysis part and the calcination part of the oil shale are carried out in two different devices, the horizontal pyrolysis device is used to pyrolyze the oil shale, and the horizontal calcination device is used to calcine the pyrolysis slag, so that the oil shale can be fully heated, and the pyrolysis slag is not in the pyrolysis chamber, so there is no need to consider the influence of oil and gas, and can be fully burned to eliminate the contained organic matter and decompose and reconstruct the minerals; the oil shale is placed in a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln for heating and pyrolysis, and the oil shale can move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber to obtain The shale is fully heated, so that the oil and gas in the oil shale can be completely extracted, the ore utilization rate is extremely high, and the output of shale oil and gas is increased; the pyrolysis slag can gradually move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber in the horizontal heating kiln, and will not move directly to the end of the calcining chamber, so that the pyrolysis slag can be fully heated and decomposed to eliminate the organic matter contained in it; the calcined shale slag after sufficient calcination is ground into building materials by the grinding station, which improves the utilization rate of oil shale, reduces environmental pollution, and further improves the economic benefits of oil shale; the extracted oil and gas mixture is separated into gas and shale oil by the oil and gas separation device, and the shale oil enters the sedimentation separation tank for further separation and purification, and the finished shale oil is collected and stored, and the oil sludge is mixed with the oil shale and then added back to the drying and preheating device to continue to refine the shale oil contained in the oil sludge, the utilization rate of oil shale is high, and the waste gas generated is environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

[0008] Furthermore, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and the horizontal heating kiln are rotated in coordination, and the horizontal heating kiln is provided with a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets at intervals along the length direction. The horizontal heating kiln and the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln rotate relative to each other, so that the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln can be heated evenly, and all the oil shales in the pyrolysis chamber will not have temperature differences, and can be heated evenly, so that the oil and gas can be better heated and refined. The horizontal heating kiln is provided with a plurality of gas inlets, and the burners are used to ignite the gas entering the gas inlets, so that different positions in the heating chamber can have gas combustion to heat the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber can be kept even, and the oil shale can be better heated to extract shale oil.

[0009] Furthermore, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided with supporting wheel groups for cooperating with the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln at both ends, and a first driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln is provided in the middle, and the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a first material guide plate distributed in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber. The supporting wheel groups on both sides of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln can support the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, and the first driving device is only responsible for driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, which is subjected to small pressure, small load, and long service life. The first material guide plate distributed in a spiral shape can guide the movement of the oil shale, so that the oil shale is stir-fried and rolled in the pyrolysis chamber, and the oil shale is limited, so that the oil shale can gradually move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber, and the oil shale will not stagnate or directly reach the end of the pyrolysis chamber, so as to ensure that the oil and gas in the oil shale are completely extracted.

[0010] Furthermore, the two ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln are provided with supporting devices that cooperate with the horizontal calcining rotary kiln for rotation, the middle part is provided with a second driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second guide plate that is distributed in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the calcining chamber. Through the supporting device, the pressure of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln on the second drive device can be reduced, so that the rotation will not be affected by its own weight. The second drive device can control the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln so that it is heated evenly, and the pyrolysis slag in the calcining chamber can fully contact with the gas, remove organic matter, and decompose minerals. The second guide plate distributed in a spiral shape can guide the movement of the pyrolysis slag, so that the pyrolysis slag is stir-fried and rolled in the calcining chamber, and the pyrolysis slag is limited, so that the pyrolysis slag can be gradually moved along the inner wall of the calcining chamber, and the pyrolysis slag can be fully contacted with the gas in the calcining chamber during the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln, and the pyrolysis slag will not stagnate or directly reach the end of the calcining chamber, so as to ensure that the pyrolysis slag can be fully calcined to form calcined shale slag.

[0011] Furthermore, the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment also includes a calcined shale slag collection device, wherein a slag collection chamber for collecting calcined shale slag is defined in the calcined shale slag collection device, the slag collection chamber is connected to the calcining chamber, a slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the slag collection chamber, and a slag discharge gate is provided at the slag discharge port. The calcined shale slag entering the slag collection chamber will accumulate on the slag discharge gate, and will be blocked by the slag discharge gate and cannot be removed from the slag discharge port. When the slag discharge gate is closed, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber can be reduced, and the speed of temperature drop of the calcined shale slag can also be slowed down, thereby reducing energy loss.

[0012] Furthermore, the calcined shale slag processing device also includes a transfer unit located between the grinding station and the calcined shale slag collecting device. The transfer unit is used to transfer the calcined shale slag to the grinding station, and the calcined shale slag can directly fall on the transfer unit for transmission after falling out of the slag collecting cavity from the slag discharge port.

[0013] Furthermore, the drying and preheating device has a drying and preheating chamber, the upper end of which is an entrance, and the lower end of which is connected to the pyrolysis chamber. The oil shale enters the drying and preheating chamber from the upper end, and is heated by the exhaust gas generated by the combustion and the temperature generated by the preheating chamber during the downward falling process. At the same time, the exhaust gas can also blow away the bonded oil shale, so as to facilitate the preheating and pyrolysis of the oil shale.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas collecting tower is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcination device, and a collecting chamber for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is provided in the gas collecting tower, and the collecting chamber is connected with the pyrolysis chamber and the calcination chamber. The pyrolysis slag and oil gas in the pyrolysis chamber will first enter the collecting chamber, the oil gas will be collected, and the pyrolysis slag will enter the collecting chamber, so as to avoid direct communication between the pyrolysis chamber and the calcination chamber, thereby not affecting the pyrolysis of the oil shale.

[0015] Furthermore, the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment also includes an oil and gas purification unit and a demister for eliminating impurities in the oil and gas. The oil and gas purification unit is located between the oil and gas separation device and the gas collection tower. The demister is connected to the oil and gas separation device to process the water mist and shale oil particles floating in the gas. The oil and gas purification unit can purify the oil and gas collected from the gas collection tower, and then send the oil and gas to the oil and gas separation device to avoid the appearance of impurities in the oil and gas in the oil and gas separation device. The oil and gas separation device separates the oil and gas mixture into gas and shale oil. The demister can separate the shale oil particles floating in the gas to purify the gas.

[0016] The oil shale comprehensive utilization method comprises the above-mentioned oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0017] S10, the oil shale enters the crushing station and is crushed into granular oil shale;

[0018] S20, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating device for drying and preheating to remove moisture and eliminate some organic matter attached to the surface of the oil shale. At the same time, the fuel gas is introduced into the heating chamber to start burning to increase the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber:

[0019] S30, the preheated oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber, the first driving device drives the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, the oil shale moves along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and is gradually heated, and is fully pyrolyzed during the movement process to form pyrolysis slag;

[0020] S40, the pyrolysis slag and the oil and gas enter the gas collecting tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil and gas, the oil and gas are collected from the upper end of the collecting chamber and enter the oil and gas purification unit for treatment, the purified oil and gas mixture enters the oil and gas separation device to be separated into an oil-water mixture and gas, the pyrolysis slag enters the calcining chamber from the collecting chamber, and at the same time, the fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber for combustion, and the pyrolysis slag is calcined, and the minerals contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to become active and gelled calcined shale slag;

[0021] S50, the oil-water mixture enters the sedimentation separation tank for further processing to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge, the gas is processed by the demister to obtain fuel gas, the calcined shale slag enters the slag collecting chamber, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, the slag discharge gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag;

[0022] S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto the conveyor, and the conveyor sends the calcined shale slag to the powder station. After being ground by the powder station, the calcined shale slag is made into building materials, and the gas and finished shale oil are stored. The oil sludge is mixed with the granular oil shale and added to the drying and preheating device for repeated use to extract the shale oil in the oil sludge.

[0023] These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a horizontal pyrolysis device and a horizontal calcination device in the implementation of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a horizontal calcining rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal calcining rotary kiln in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] Crushing station 100;

[0032] Screw feeder 200;

[0033] Drying and preheating device 300, drying and preheating chamber 310, preheating gate 320;

[0034] Horizontal pyrolysis device 400, horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, pyrolysis chamber 411, first material guide plate 4111, raw material inlet 412, residual material outlet 413, horizontal heating kiln 420, heating chamber 421, hot air guide plate 4211, gas inlet 422, burner 4221, valve assembly 423, tail gas discharge port 424, first driving device 430, and supporting wheel assembly 440;

[0035] Gas collecting tower 500, collecting chamber 510, air extraction port 520, induced draft fan 530, slag discharge gate 540;

[0036] Horizontal calcining device 600, horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, calcining chamber 610, second material guide plate 611, pyrolysis slag inlet 620, calcined shale slag outlet 630, gas pipe 640, exhaust pipe 650, tail gas pipeline 651, second driving device 660, supporting device 670;

[0037] Oil and gas purification unit 700, oil and gas separation device 710, demister 720, sedimentation separation tank 730, first fuel gas channel 741, second fuel gas pipeline 742, desulfurization tower 740;

[0038] Calcined shale slag collection device 800, slag collection chamber 810, slag discharge port 820, slag discharge gate 830;

[0039] The calcined shale slag processing device 900 , the grinding station 910 , the transfer unit 920 , the conveyor 921 , and the cooling device 922 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are explained and described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the embodiments in the implementation mode, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly specified.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0045] Reference Figures 1 to 8 An embodiment of the present invention proposes an oil shale comprehensive utilization device, including a crushing station 100, a drying and preheating device 300, a horizontal pyrolysis device 400, a gas collecting tower 500, a horizontal calcining device 600, an oil and gas purification unit 700, an oil and gas separation device 710, a calcined shale slag collection device 800 and a calcined shale slag treatment device 900.

[0046] The crushing station 100 is used to crush large pieces of oil shale into small pieces of granular oil shale. The crushing station 100 includes a first crusher and a second crusher. The first crusher is a jaw crusher, and the second crusher is a double-toothed roller crusher. The first crusher crushes large pieces of oil shale into small pieces of oil shale, and the second crusher crushes small pieces of oil shale into granular oil shale, reducing the particle size of the oil shale, making the oil shale easier to extract oil and gas by heat, so as to increase the oil production rate.

[0047] The drying and preheating device 300 is used to dry and preheat the oil shale to further eliminate moisture and remove some organic matter. The drying and preheating device 300 has a drying and preheating chamber 310, which is divided into a drying zone and a preheating zone. The temperature of the drying zone is maintained at 100°C~200°C, and the temperature of the preheating zone is maintained at 200°C~400°C.

[0048] The horizontal pyrolysis device 400 is used for pyrolyzing oil shale to extract shale oil and gas. The pyrolysis temperature of oil shale is between 400°C and 600°C. At this temperature, the oil shale can be fully pyrolyzed, and the pyrolysis effect will not be affected by excessively high temperature. The horizontal pyrolysis device 400 comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 and a horizontal heating kiln 420 arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410. A pyrolysis chamber 411 connected to the drying preheating chamber 310 is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410. A heating chamber 421 is defined in the horizontal heating kiln 420. The oil shale is placed in the pyrolysis chamber 411 for heating and pyrolysis. The oil shale can move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 and be fully heated, so that the oil and gas in the oil shale can be completely extracted. The ore utilization rate is extremely high, and the output of shale oil and gas is increased. The gas is not directly introduced into the pyrolysis chamber 411 for combustion. The pyrolyzed oil and gas contain less impurities and will not explode. A gas burner is installed at the feed end of the horizontal pyrolysis device. The burner increases the temperature of the feed port of the pyrolysis chamber and can also blow away the granular oil shale entering the pyrolysis chamber from the drying preheating chamber.

[0049] In the above, pyrolysis refers to the reaction process in which a substance decomposes when heated. Pyrolysis includes several reactions. Preferably, in the present invention, what is actually carried out is dry distillation. Dry distillation is a reaction process in which solids or organic matter are heated and decomposed under air-tight conditions to generate various gases, vapors and solid residues. In the present invention, the pyrolysis of oil shale needs to be isolated from oxygen to avoid explosion caused by the reaction of oil and gas with oxygen. Therefore, dry distillation is more appropriate. Among the dry distillation products, the gas includes shale oil vapor and water vapor, and the solid residue includes pyrolysis slag (or dry distillation slag).

[0050] The two ends of the pyrolysis chamber 411 are respectively a raw material inlet 412 and a residual material outlet 413. The raw material inlet 412 is connected to the drying and preheating chamber 310. The oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the raw material inlet 412. The oil shale that has completed pyrolysis becomes pyrolysis slag and is discharged from the residual material outlet 413. The height of the raw material inlet 412 is higher than that of the residual material outlet 413, which can facilitate the movement of the oil shale and prevent the oil shale from accumulating at the entrance of the pyrolysis chamber 411.

[0051] The horizontal calcining device 600 is used to process the oil shale after pyrolysis. The horizontal calcining device 600 includes a horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601. The horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 is provided with a calcining chamber 610. The calcining chamber 610 is used to calcine the pyrolysis slag. The fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber 610 for full incineration, so that the pyrolysis slag is fully calcined to eliminate the harmful organic substances contained therein, and the contained minerals are fully decomposed and reconstructed, so as to improve the activity and gelling properties to form pollution-free calcined shale slag. The exhaust gas is also clean gas. The temperature of calcining the pyrolysis slag is between 800°C and 1500°C. At this temperature, the pyrolysis slag can be fully decomposed and reconstructed.

[0052] One end of the calcining chamber 610 is a pyrolysis slag inlet 620, and the other end is a calcined shale slag outlet 630. The pyrolysis slag inlet 620 is higher than the calcined shale slag outlet 630. In this way, the movement of the pyrolysis slag can be facilitated and the pyrolysis slag will not accumulate at the pyrolysis slag inlet 620.

[0053] The pyrolysis part and calcination part of the oil shale are carried out in two different devices. The horizontal pyrolysis device 400 is used to pyrolyze the oil shale, and the horizontal calcination device 600 is used to calcine the pyrolysis slag. In this way, the oil shale can be fully heated, and the pyrolysis slag is not in the pyrolysis chamber 411, so there is no need to consider the impact on the oil and gas.

[0054] The gas collecting tower 500 is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device 400 and the horizontal calcination device 600. A collecting chamber 510 for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is provided in the gas collecting tower 500. The collecting chamber 510 is connected to the pyrolysis chamber 411 and the calcination chamber 610 respectively. An exhaust port 520 is provided at the upper end of the collecting chamber 510. A draft fan 530 is provided at the exhaust port 520 to keep the pyrolysis chamber 411 in a negative pressure environment to prevent oxygen from entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the exhaust port 520, so that an explosion will not occur and the production process is safer.

[0055] The preheated oil shale can directly enter the pyrolysis chamber 411, reducing the heat loss of the oil shale during transportation and reducing the oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 411. The residual material outlet 413 is connected to the collecting chamber 510, which can reduce the oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the residual material outlet 413 during the process of sending out the pyrolysis slag and oil and gas. The pyrolysis slag can directly enter the calcining chamber 610 from the collecting chamber 510, reducing the heat loss of the pyrolysis slag.

[0056] The calcined shale slag collecting device 800 is arranged at the end of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 to collect the calcined shale slag. The calcined shale slag collecting device 800 defines a slag collecting chamber 810 for collecting the calcined shale slag. The bottom wall of the slag collecting chamber 810 is provided with a slag discharge port 820, and a slag discharge gate 830 is provided at the slag discharge port 820. The calcined shale slag entering the slag collecting chamber 810 will accumulate on the slag discharge gate 830 and be blocked by the slag discharge gate 830 and cannot be moved out from the slag discharge port 820. When the slag discharge gate 830 is closed, the temperature leakage in the calcining chamber 610 can be reduced. In addition, the speed at which the temperature of the calcined shale slag drops can be slowed down, thereby reducing heat loss.

[0057] The calcined shale slag processing device 900 includes a grinding station 910 and a transfer unit 920 disposed between the grinding station 910 and the calcined shale slag collecting device 800. The grinding station 910 can grind the calcined shale slag into building materials, thereby improving the utilization rate of oil shale and further improving the economic benefits of oil shale. The transfer unit 920 is used to transfer the calcined shale slag to the grinding station 910. The transfer unit 920 includes a conveyor 921 and a cooling device 922. The cooling device 922 is connected to the grinding station 910. The circulating water lowers the temperature of the high-temperature calcined shale slag to form gel, which is beneficial for grinding and pulverizing into gel material, and collects the temperature of the calcined shale slag for preheating the combustion gas introduced into the heating chamber 421 and the calcining chamber 610. The slag discharge port 820 is corresponding to the cooling device 922, and the cooling device 922 is corresponding to the conveyor 921. After falling out of the slag collecting chamber 810 from the slag discharge port 820, it can directly fall on the cooling device for cooling and be sent to the grinding station 910 by the conveyor 921.

[0058] The oil and gas purification unit 700 is used to eliminate impurities in the oil and gas to obtain dry materials. The impurities generated by the dry materials and the tail gas generated in the calcination chamber 610 can be sent to the grinding station 910 to be processed into building materials together with the calcined shale slag. The oil and gas separation device 710 is used to separate the oil and gas mixture into gas and shale oil. The oil and gas separation device 710 is connected to the demister 720 and the sedimentation separation tank 730. The demister 720 is connected to the desulfurization tower 740.

[0059] After being processed by the demister 720, the floating water mist and shale oil particles in the gas are separated and sent to the sedimentation separation tank 730. After the gas is processed by the desulfurization tower 740, part of the gas is sent to the heating chamber 421 through the first gas pipeline 741 for combustion to heat the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 to pyrolyze the oil shale. Part of the gas is sent to the calcining chamber 610 through the second gas pipeline 742 for combustion, which is the gas required for the horizontal calcining device 600 to calcine the pyrolysis slag. The remaining gas is sent to the gas storage tank. After the equipment needs to provide additional energy for the initial operation, the subsequent processing can be extracted from the oil shale itself, and no additional energy is needed, which can save production costs.

[0060] One side of the sedimentation separation tank 730 is connected to the shale oil storage tank, and the other side is connected to the drying and preheating device 300. After further separation of the oil shale, the finished shale oil is stored in the shale oil storage tank, and the remaining oil sludge is filtered, and the produced shale oil is placed in the shale oil storage tank for storage. The filter residue after filtering is mixed with the granular oil shale and returned to the drying and preheating device 300 for repeated use to prepare shale oil.

[0061] Reference Figures 2 to 5 Based on the above embodiments, in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of gas inlets 422 and a plurality of burners 4221 are arranged at intervals along the length direction on a horizontal heating kiln 420. The plurality of gas inlets 422 can simultaneously introduce gas, and the burner 4221 is used to ignite the gas entering the gas inlet 422, so that gas combustion can be performed at different positions in the heating chamber 421 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 411, so that the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 411 can be kept uniform, and the oil shale can be better heated to extract shale oil.

[0062] In order to facilitate the control of temperature, a plurality of gas inlets 422 are provided with valve assemblies 423 for controlling the gas flow rate. The valve assemblies 423 can control the amount of gas entering the heating chamber 421 , so as to facilitate the control of the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 411 .

[0063] Reference Figures 2 to 4In order to improve the utilization rate of energy, based on the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the horizontal heating kiln 420 is further provided with an exhaust gas discharge port 424, and the exhaust gas discharge port 424 is connected to the drying and preheating chamber 310, so that the high-temperature exhaust gas generated in the heating chamber 421 can be introduced into the drying and preheating chamber 310, so as to increase the temperature and enhance the preheating effect, thereby ensuring that the oil shale can be fully heated, the heat of the gas is fully utilized, and the waste of energy is reduced; the upper end of the drying and preheating chamber 310 is an entrance, and the lower end of the drying and preheating chamber 310 is connected with the raw material inlet 412, so that the preheated oil shale can enter the pyrolysis chamber 411. The oil shale enters the drying and preheating chamber 310 from the upper end of the drying and preheating chamber 310, and is heated by the exhaust gas generated by combustion and the temperature generated by the drying and preheating chamber 310 during the downward falling process. At the same time, the exhaust gas can also blow away the bonded oil shale, so as to facilitate the preheating and pyrolysis of the oil shale.

[0064] The horizontal calcining device 600 also includes a gas pipe 640 for introducing gas into the calcining chamber 610 and an exhaust pipe 650 for discharging calcined tail gas. The exhaust pipe 650 is connected to the drying and preheating chamber 310 and the horizontal pyrolysis device 400 through an exhaust gas pipeline 651, and heats the drying and preheating chamber 310 together with the tail gas discharged from the heating chamber 421. In addition, since the temperature of the tail gas in the calcining chamber 610 is relatively high, passing all of the tail gas into the drying and preheating chamber 310 may cause the temperature of the drying and preheating chamber 310 to be too high. Part of the tail gas can also be passed into the heating chamber 421 to increase the temperature of the heating chamber 421, and the excess tail gas can be discharged after desulfurization treatment.

[0065] On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to make the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln be heated evenly, refer to Figures 2 to 4 In another embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 and the horizontal heating kiln 420 rotate in coordination, the combustion of gas in the horizontal heating kiln 420 generates heat, the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 rotates to absorb the heat generated in the heating chamber 421, and the horizontal heating kiln 420 does not rotate. This will not affect the process of gas entering the heating chamber 421. The oil shale will also continuously change position with the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, and the heat will be more evenly received, so that it can be better heated to refine oil and gas. The inner wall of the heating chamber 421 is provided with a plurality of hot air guide plates 4211 distributed along a spiral, which can guide the combustion gas generated by the gas to surround the entire circumference of the outer wall of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 to heat the pyrolysis chamber 411.

[0066] There are two horizontal heating kilns 420, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the middle area of ​​the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410. A first driving device 430 for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 is provided in the middle of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410, located between the two horizontal heating kilns 420. Both ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 are provided with supporting wheel groups 440 that cooperate with the rotation thereof. The supporting wheel groups 440 can support the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 and maintain the rotational guidance and balance of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410. The first driving device 430 is only responsible for driving the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410 to rotate, and is subjected to small pressure, small load, and long service life.

[0067] In order to facilitate the movement of oil shale and prevent it from moving directly from the raw material inlet 412 to the residual material outlet 413, a first guide plate 4111 is provided on the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411. The first guide plate 4111 can guide the movement of the oil shale and limit the position of the oil shale, so that the oil shale can gradually move along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411, and the oil shale will not stagnate or directly reach the end of the pyrolysis chamber 411.

[0068] The first guide plates 4111 are distributed in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411. The first guide plates 4111 distributed in a spiral shape can better control the movement of the oil shale, so that the oil shale is evenly heated by being stir-fried and rolled in the pyrolysis chamber 411. The oil shale can be in contact with the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 411 during the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln 410.

[0069] to ensure that the oil and gas in the oil shale are completely extracted.

[0070] On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to make the pyrolysis slag in the horizontal calcining rotary kiln heated evenly, Figure 2 , 6 7. In another embodiment of the present invention, a second driving device 660 for controlling the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 is provided at the bottom of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601. The second driving device 660 can control the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 so that it is heated evenly, and the pyrolysis slag in the calcining chamber 610 can fully contact with the fuel gas to remove organic matter.

[0071] The second driving device 660 is not sufficient to support the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601. Supporting devices 670 are provided at both ends of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601. The horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 rotates in coordination with the supporting devices 670. The supporting devices 670 can reduce the pressure of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601 on the second driving device 660, so that the rotation will not be affected by its own weight.

[0072] In order to facilitate the movement of the pyrolysis slag and prevent it from moving directly from the pyrolysis slag inlet 620 to the calcined shale slag outlet 630, the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610 is provided with a second material guide plate 611 distributed in a spiral shape along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610. The second material guide plate 611 distributed in a spiral shape can guide the movement of the pyrolysis slag and limit the pyrolysis slag, so that the pyrolysis slag can gradually move along the inner wall of the calcining chamber 610. During the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, the pyrolysis slag can be fully contacted with the high-temperature combustion gas in the calcining chamber 610, and the pyrolysis slag will not stagnate or directly reach the end of the calcining chamber 610, so as to ensure that the pyrolysis slag can be fully burned to form calcined shale slag.

[0073] As calcination continues, the pyrolysis slag will gradually be sintered under the action of high temperature. At this time, the second guide plate 611 can no longer play a guiding role, but may affect the movement of the pyrolysis slag in the calcination chamber 610. For this reason, the second guide plate 611 is only distributed on the inner wall of the front half of the calcination chamber 610.

[0074] Based on the above embodiment, in order to maintain an oxygen-free environment in the pyrolysis chamber and reduce the oxygen brought into the pyrolysis chamber during the process of oil shale entering the pyrolysis chamber, refer to Figure 3 A preheating gate 320 for controlling the oil shale to fall is provided at the bottom of the drying and preheating chamber 310. A screw feeder 200 is provided between the drying and preheating device 300 and the horizontal pyrolysis device 400. The preheating gate 320 is opened to allow the oil shale to reach the screw feeder 200, and the oil shale is fed into the pyrolysis chamber 411 through the screw feeder 200, thereby reducing the oxygen brought into the pyrolysis chamber 411 by the oil shale. A plurality of slag discharge gates 540 for controlling the pyrolysis slag to fall are provided in the collection chamber 510. The opening and closing of each slag discharge gate 540 are controlled. The separate control is closed to prevent the high-temperature gas in the calcining chamber 610 from entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 when the pyrolysis slag enters the horizontal calcining rotary kiln 601, thereby maintaining an oxygen-free environment in the pyrolysis chamber 411 to ensure a safe production environment; in addition, the residual material outlet 413 is connected to the collecting chamber 510, which can reduce the oxygen entering the pyrolysis chamber 411 from the residual material outlet 413 during the process of sending out the pyrolysis slag and oil and gas, and the pyrolysis slag can directly enter the calcining chamber 610 from the collecting chamber 510, reducing the heat loss of the pyrolysis slag.

[0075] Reference Figures 1 to 8 In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing oil shale using the above-mentioned oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment is also proposed, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0076] S10, the oil shale enters the crushing station, and the oil shale is crushed into particles by the first crusher and the second crusher;

[0077] S20, adjusting the temperature of the drying and preheating chamber, maintaining the temperature of the drying zone at 100°C-200°C, maintaining the temperature of the preheating zone at 200°C-400°C, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating chamber, and is dried and preheated to dry the moisture and eliminate some organic matter attached to the surface of the oil shale, thereby increasing the temperature of the oil shale, improving the pyrolysis efficiency of the oil shale, and saving energy consumption, while the fuel gas is introduced into the heating chamber to start combustion to increase the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber, so that the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is maintained at 400°C-600°C, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion is introduced into the drying and preheating chamber to increase the temperature of the drying and preheating chamber;

[0078] S30, the preheating gate is opened to allow the oil shale to reach the screw feeder, and the oil shale is fed into the pyrolysis chamber by the screw feeder. The first driving device drives the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, and the oil shale moves along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and is gradually heated. The oil shale is fully pyrolyzed during the movement process to form pyrolysis slag;

[0079] S40, the pyrolysis slag and oil and gas enter the gas collecting tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil and gas, the induced draft fan continuously extracts air to absorb the oil and gas, the pyrolysis slag falls onto the first slag discharge gate in the collecting chamber, and the oil and gas in the collecting chamber are collected as the pyrolysis slag enters the collecting chamber, the first slag discharge gate is opened to allow the pyrolysis slag to enter the second slag discharge gate, the first slag discharge gate is closed, and the subsequent slag discharge gates are opened to allow the pyrolysis slag to enter the calcining chamber, and at the same time, fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber for combustion to increase the temperature of the calcining chamber to 800°C~1500°C, the pyrolysis slag is calcined, and the minerals contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to become active and gelled calcined shale slag, the tail gas generated by the calcination is discharged into the heating chamber and the drying and preheating device through the tail gas pipeline after dust removal to increase the temperature of the heating chamber and the drying and preheating device, the oil and gas enter the oil and gas purification unit to remove impurities to obtain dry materials, and the purified oil and gas mixture enters the oil and gas separation device to be divided into an oil-water mixture and gas;

[0080] S50, the calcined shale slag enters the slag collecting chamber. After a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, the slag discharge gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag. The gas passes through the demister to separate the water mist and shale oil particles in the fuel gas and sends them to the sedimentation separation tank. The fuel gas enters the desulfurization tower for treatment. Part of the fuel gas is sent to the heating chamber and the calcination chamber for combustion, and the rest of the fuel gas is stored. The oil-water mixture enters the sedimentation separation tank for further treatment to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge.

[0081] S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto the transfer unit, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is reduced by a cooling device, the temperature of the calcined shale slag is used to preheat the gas introduced into the heating chamber and the calcining chamber, the conveyor sends the calcined shale slag to the grinding station, the dry material in the oil and gas purification unit is sent to the grinding station together with the calcined shale slag, the calcined shale slag is ground in the grinding station to be made into a building material cementitious material, the gas and the finished shale oil are stored, the oil sludge is mixed with the granular oil shale and added to the drying and preheating device for repeated use, and the shale oil in the oil sludge is extracted.

[0082] The embodiments of the present invention can be applied to products such as oil shale processing equipment and shale oil extraction equipment.

[0083] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention includes but is not limited to the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Any modification that does not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present invention will be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. Oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment, characterized in that: include: Crushing station, used to crush oil shale; A drying and preheating device, used for drying and preheating oil shale; Horizontal pyrolysis unit for pyrolysis of oil shale; A horizontal calcining device, used for calcining the pyrolysis slag produced by the horizontal pyrolysis device; A gas collecting tower, located between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcination device, for collecting oil and gas generated after pyrolysis of oil shale; Oil-gas separation device, used to separate oil-gas mixture; Calcined shale slag processing device, used to further process the calcined shale slag to produce building material cementitious materials; The horizontal pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and a horizontal heating kiln arranged on the periphery of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a pyrolysis chamber is defined in the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, a heating chamber is defined in the horizontal heating kiln, the horizontal calcination device comprises a horizontal calcination rotary kiln, a calcination chamber is defined in the horizontal calcination rotary kiln, the calcined shale slag processing device comprises a grinding station for making calcined shale slag into building materials, the oil-gas separation device is connected to a sedimentation separation tank, one side of the sedimentation separation tank is connected to a shale oil storage tank, and the other side is connected to the drying and preheating device, so that the oil sludge remaining after separation is sent to the drying and preheating device for reuse; The horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln and the horizontal heating kiln are rotatably matched, and the horizontal heating kiln is provided with a plurality of burners and a plurality of gas inlets at intervals along the length direction; the two ends of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln are provided with supporting wheel groups rotatably matched therewith, and the middle part is provided with a first driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln, and the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a first material guide plate distributed in a vortex shape along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber; The horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided with supporting devices for rotating therewith at both ends, a second driving device for controlling the rotation of the horizontal calcining rotary kiln is provided in the middle, and the inner wall of the calcining chamber is provided with a second material guide plate distributed in a vortex shape along the inner wall of the calcining chamber.

2. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment also includes a calcined shale slag collection device, which defines a slag collection chamber for collecting calcined shale slag. The slag collection chamber is connected to the calcining chamber, and a slag discharge port is provided on the bottom wall of the slag collection chamber, and a slag discharge gate is provided at the slag discharge port.

3. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calcined shale slag processing device also includes a transfer unit located between the grinding station and the calcined shale slag collecting device.

4. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying and preheating device comprises a drying and preheating chamber, the upper end of the drying and preheating chamber is an inlet, and the lower end of the drying and preheating chamber is connected to the pyrolysis chamber.

5. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas collecting tower is located between the horizontal pyrolysis device and the horizontal calcination device. A collecting chamber for collecting oil gas and pyrolysis slag is provided in the gas collecting tower. The collecting chamber is communicated with the pyrolysis chamber and the calcination chamber.

6. The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil shale comprehensive utilization equipment also includes an oil and gas purification unit and a demister for eliminating impurities in the oil and gas. The oil and gas purification unit is located between the oil and gas separation device and the gas collection tower. The demister is connected to the oil and gas separation device to process water mist and particulate shale oil floating in the gas.

7. A method for comprehensive utilization of oil shale, characterized in that: The oil shale comprehensive utilization device comprises any one of claims 1 to 6, and the method comprises the following steps: S10, the oil shale enters the crushing station and is crushed into granular oil shale; S20, the oil shale enters the drying and preheating device for drying and preheating to remove moisture and eliminate some Organic matter attached to the surface of the oil shale, while the gas is introduced into the heating chamber to start burning and increase the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber: S30, the preheated oil shale enters the pyrolysis chamber, the first driving device drives the horizontal pyrolysis rotary kiln to rotate, the oil shale moves along the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber and is gradually heated, and is fully pyrolyzed during the movement process to form pyrolysis slag; S40, the pyrolysis slag and the oil and gas enter the gas collecting tower to separate the pyrolysis slag and the oil and gas, the oil and gas are collected from the upper end of the collecting chamber and enter the oil and gas purification unit for treatment, the purified oil and gas mixture enters the oil and gas separation device to be separated into an oil-water mixture and gas, the pyrolysis slag enters the calcining chamber from the collecting chamber, and at the same time, the fuel gas is introduced into the calcining chamber for combustion, and the pyrolysis slag is calcined, and the minerals contained in the pyrolysis slag are decomposed and reconstructed to become active and gelled calcined shale slag; S50, the oil-water mixture enters the sedimentation separation tank for further processing to obtain finished shale oil and oil sludge, the gas is processed by the demister to obtain fuel gas, the calcined shale slag enters the slag collecting chamber, and after a certain amount of calcined shale slag is collected, the slag discharge gate is opened to discharge the calcined shale slag; S60, the calcined shale slag falls onto the conveyor, and the conveyor sends the calcined shale slag to the powder station. After being ground by the powder station, the calcined shale slag is made into building materials, and the gas and finished shale oil are stored. The oil sludge is mixed with the granular oil shale and added to the drying and preheating device for repeated use to extract the shale oil in the oil sludge.

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