A 3D packaging film wrapping machine

Abstract

The present invention proposes a 3D packaging film wrapping machine, which includes a feeding device, a packaging film wrapping device and a delivery device; the packaging film wrapping device includes a main frame and a rotating frame, a packaging film placement component is arranged on the rotating frame, the packaging film placement component includes a component frame, a main roller and an auxiliary roller, and in particular, the packaging film placement component also includes a connecting frame, a driving wheel, a driving frame, a guide plate and a connecting rod; the front end of the connecting frame is connected to the rotating frame, and the rear part is connected to the component frame and the driving wheel through the rear axle, the front part of the inner side of the connecting frame has a guide groove, the guide plate is placed in the guide groove and passes through the rotating frame to connect the driving frame, the connecting rod is arranged on the inner side of the guide plate, and the two ends are connected to the driving wheel and the guide plate; a rotary conveying device is also arranged between the packaging film wrapping device and the delivery device. The present invention drives the packaging film placement component to rotate by the rotating frame to realize the wrapping of a total of 4 surfaces of the product, and then rotates the rotating table device to complete the full wrapping of the 6 surfaces of the product, which has the characteristics of fast, stable and efficient wrapping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of product packaging equipment, in particular to a 3D packaging film wrapping machine capable of fully wrapping six sides of a product. Background Art

[0002] The Chinese patent application number 201420864967.X discloses a horizontal wrapping machine, which is used for wrapping products with plastic film, and includes a product conveying mechanism, a stretch film wrapping device, a secondary feeding device, and a top film installation device arranged in sequence; the stretch film wrapping device includes a wrapping device frame, a rotatable rotating frame arranged in the frame, and the top film installation device includes two driving cylinders arranged up and down and a top film placement assembly matched with the driving cylinder for placing the top film. The horizontal wrapping machine first wraps the upper and lower surfaces and the left and right sides of the product through the stretch film wrapping device, and then passes through the top film installation device when the top film installation device is working to cover the two end surfaces of the product with the top film, and then seals and cuts, and finally completes the film packaging of the six sides of the product. Although this horizontal wrapping machine realizes the full film packaging of the six sides of the product, it has the disadvantage of complex structure, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D packaging film wrapping machine, which has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation and high degree of automation, and can comprehensively, automatically and efficiently realize full film packaging of six sides of a product.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A 3D packaging film wrapping machine, which includes a feeding device, a packaging film winding device and a feeding device which are arranged in sequence; the packaging film winding device includes a main frame and a conveying device; the main frame is a vertically arranged frame structure, the middle part of the main frame has a circular winding station cavity, the rear side of the main frame is movably provided with a ring-shaped rotating frame corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity, at least one group of packaging film placing components is provided on the side wall of the rotating frame, the rotating frame can drive the packaging film placing component to rotate around the winding station cavity, the packaging film placing component includes a component frame, and a main roller and at least one auxiliary roller movably arranged on the component frame, the auxiliary roller is arranged near the main roller and parallel to the main roller, the conveying device passes through the lower part of the main frame and the rotating frame, and its rear end extends to the vicinity of the rotating frame so that the packaging film placing component is located outside the rear end of the conveying device; the feeding device is arranged near the front end of the conveying device; the feeding device is arranged near the rear end of the conveying device.

[0006] In the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placing assembly on the rotating frame also includes a connecting frame, a driving wheel, a driving frame, a guide plate and a connecting rod.

[0007] The connecting frame is a long plate-shaped structure with a front end fixedly connected to the rotating frame. The rear part of the connecting frame has a rear axle hole and is movably connected to the rear axle. The component frame of the packaging film placement component is located on the outside of the connecting frame and is fixedly connected to one end of the rear axle. The driving wheel is arranged at the inner rear part of the connecting frame and is fixedly connected to the other end of the rear axle. The component frame is movably connected to the rotating frame through the rear axle of the connecting frame and rotates synchronously with the driving wheel.

[0008] The inner front part of the connecting frame is provided with a guide groove, the guide plate is movably placed in the guide groove, and its front end passes through the rotating frame to connect the driving frame, and the driving frame is movably arranged in the main frame and corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity.

[0009] The connecting rod is arranged on the inner side of the guide plate, one end of the connecting rod is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel, and the other end of the connecting rod is movably connected to the guide plate.

[0010] The driving frame can be forced to approach the rotating frame, so that the guide plate moves along the guide groove of the connecting frame toward the driving wheel, and the guide plate pushes the connecting rod to rotate the driving wheel, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the component frame until the main roller and auxiliary roller on the component frame are tilted.

[0011] The driving frame can be forced away from the rotating frame, so that the guide plate is away from the driving wheel along the guide groove of the connecting frame, and the guide plate drives the connecting rod to make the driving wheel rotate in the opposite direction, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the component frame until the main roller and the auxiliary roller on the component frame are horizontally arranged.

[0012] A rotary conveying device is also provided between the packaging film winding device and the delivery device. The rotary conveying device includes a rotatable rotating table and a conveying mechanism arranged on the rotating table. The conveying mechanism is arranged opposite to the rear end of the conveying device so that the packaging film placement component on the rotating frame is located outside the front end of the conveying mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, in the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placing assembly on the rotating frame also includes a hydraulic damping rod arranged on the inner side of the guide plate, the hydraulic damping rod and the connecting rod are staggered, one end of the hydraulic damping rod is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel, and the other end is movably connected to the guide plate.

[0014] Preferably, in the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placing assembly on the rotating frame also includes a driving pump, which is a hydraulic pump or a pneumatic pump, and the output shaft of the driving pump is connected to the driving frame, and the driving pump applies force to the driving frame to enable the driving frame to approach the rotating frame or move away from the rotating frame.

[0015] Preferably, in the packaging film winding device, the outer wall of the rotating frame has a rotating frame slot coaxially arranged with the rotating frame; the packaging film winding device also includes a main motor and a rotating frame belt, the main motor is arranged near the rotating frame on the main frame, one end of the rotating frame belt is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor, and the other end is sleeved in the rotating frame slot on the outer wall of the rotating frame, so that the output shaft of the main motor drives the rotating frame to rotate through the rotating frame belt.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of evenly distributed positioning rollers are provided on the rear side of the main frame of the packaging film winding device corresponding to the surroundings of the rotating frame, and the edges of the positioning rollers are movably engaged in the rotating frame slots and are disposed against the outer wall of the rotating frame.

[0017] Preferably, the feeding device, the conveying device of the packaging film winding device and the sending device are respectively belt conveyors, and the conveying mechanism on the rotary conveying device is a belt conveying mechanism.

[0018] Preferably, the auxiliary rollers of the packaging film placement assembly include two lead-out rollers and one guide roller, the main roller and the lead-out roller are arranged on the outer side of the assembly frame, the guide roller is arranged on the inner side of the assembly frame, one end of the two lead-out rollers passes through the assembly frame and is respectively provided with two gears, and the two gears are externally meshed and transmitted.

[0019] The present invention has the following outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress:

[0020] 1. The present invention drives the packaging film placing component to rotate around the product through the rotating frame of the packaging film winding device, thereby realizing the packaging film winding on the four sides of the product, namely the top, bottom, left and right sides. Then, the product is driven to rotate by the rotating table device, and the packaging film is wound on the four sides of the product, namely the front, back, left and right sides, thereby completing the full film wrapping of the six sides of the product. The present invention has the characteristics of fast, stable and efficient film wrapping.

[0021] 2. The present invention realizes the rotation of the packaging film placement component to an inclined state through the linkage of the connecting rod and the driving rotation components on the packaging film placement component, so that the packaging film can be easily pulled out obliquely, which is used to cooperate with the rotation of the product on the rotating table device, so that the packaging film obliquely covers the front, back, left and right sides of the product, a total of 4 sides, thereby realizing the six-side 3D full film wrapping in the present invention.

[0022] 3. The hydraulic damping rod provided in the packaging film placement assembly of the present invention plays a buffering role when the packaging film placement assembly rotates, thereby preventing the packaging film placement assembly from rotating too fast, reducing the impact force on other components, and ensuring the stable operation of the present invention.

[0023] 4. The rotating frame of the packaging film winding device in the present invention is rotatably mounted on the main frame through a positioning roller. During the rotation process, the rotating frame can drive the positioning roller to rotate and generate rolling friction contact with the positioning roller, so that the positioning roller has a positioning effect on the rotating frame without hindering the rotation of the rotating frame; and the rotating frame is driven to rotate by the main motor and the rotating frame belt, which has the characteristics of compact structure, reasonable design and stable operation.

[0024] 5. On the packaging film placing assembly of the packaging film winding device in the present invention, the positions of the main roller and the auxiliary roller are reasonably configured and the structure is compact, so as to realize the compactness and controllability of the packaging film placing assembly as a whole, and facilitate the directional placement of the packaging film and easy pulling out, thereby effectively ensuring the efficiency and stability of the packaging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the 3D packaging film wrapping machine of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Schematic diagrams of two usage states of the packaging film winding device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the packaging film placement component in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure when the packaging film placement component in the present invention is arranged horizontally.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure when the packaging film placement component of the present invention is tilted.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the main roller and the auxiliary roller in the packaging film placement assembly of the present invention.

[0031] Figures 9 to 11 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of wrapping the product on four sides using the present invention.

[0032] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the product after the four bread films are wrapped.

[0033] Fig.13 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of wrapping the product on six sides using the present invention.

[0034] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after all six sides of the product are wrapped with film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Example

[0036] refer to Figures 1 to 14 A 3D packaging film wrapping machine includes a feeding device 11, a packaging film wrapping device, a rotary conveying device 13 and a sending device 12 which are arranged in sequence.

[0037] refer to Figures 2 to 4 The packaging film winding device includes a main frame 2, a main motor 21, a rotating frame belt 22 and a conveying device 1. The main frame 2 is a vertically arranged frame structure, and the middle part of the main frame 2 has a circular winding station cavity 20. A circular rotating frame 3 is movably arranged on the rear side of the main frame 2 corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity 20, and a rotating frame slot 30 is arranged coaxially with the rotating frame 3 on the outer wall of the rotating frame 3.

[0038] Four evenly distributed positioning rollers 23 are provided on the rear side of the main frame 2 corresponding to the surroundings of the rotating frame 3. The edges of the positioning rollers 23 are movably clamped in the rotating frame clamping grooves 30 and are arranged against the outer wall of the rotating frame 3, so that the rotating frame 3 can be rotatably installed on the main frame 2.

[0039] The main motor 21 is arranged near the rotating frame 3 on the main frame 2, one end of the rotating frame belt 22 is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor 21, and the other end is sleeved in the rotating frame slot 30 on the outer wall of the rotating frame 3, so that the output shaft of the main motor 21 drives the rotating frame 3 to rotate through the rotating frame belt 22.

[0040] Two sets of packaging film placement components are arranged on the side wall of the rotating frame 3, and the rotating frame 3 can drive the packaging film placement components to rotate around the winding station cavity 20. Figures 5 to 7 The packaging film placement component includes a component frame 4, a connecting frame 5, a driving wheel 6, a driving frame 7, a guide plate 8, a connecting rod 9, a hydraulic damping rod 81 and a driving pump 71.

[0041] refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 , a main roller 41 and an auxiliary roller are movably provided on the component frame 4. A notch (not shown) is provided on the main roller 41 for loading a roll-shaped packaging film 45. The auxiliary roller is arranged near the main roller 41 and is arranged parallel to the main roller 41. It includes two lead-out rollers 42 and a guide roller 43. The main roller 41 and the lead-out roller 42 are arranged on the inner side of the component frame 4, and the guide roller 43 is arranged on the inner side of the component frame 4. One end of the two lead-out rollers 42 passes through the component frame 4 and is respectively provided with two gears 44, and the two gears 44 are externally meshed and transmission-connected.

[0042] refer to Figures 5 to 7The connecting frame 5 is a long plate-shaped structure whose front end is fixedly connected to the rotating frame 3. The rear part of the connecting frame 5 has a rear axle hole and is movably connected to the rear axle 50. The component frame 4 of the packaging film placement component is located on the outside of the connecting frame 5 and is fixedly connected to one end of the rear axle 50. The driving wheel 6 is arranged at the inner rear part of the connecting frame 5 and is fixedly connected to the other end of the rear axle 50. The component frame 4 is movably connected to the rotating frame 3 through the rear axle 50 of the connecting frame 5 and realizes synchronous rotation with the driving wheel 6.

[0043] The inner front part of the connecting frame 5 has a guide groove 51, and the guide plate 8 is movably placed in the guide groove 51, and its front end passes through the rotating frame 3 to connect the driving frame 7. The driving frame 7 is movably arranged in the main frame 2 and is arranged corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity 20.

[0044] The connecting rod 9 is arranged on the inner side of the guide plate 8 , one end of the connecting rod 9 is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel 6 , and the other end of the connecting rod 9 is movably connected to the guide plate 8 .

[0045] The hydraulic damping rod 81 is arranged on the inner side of the guide plate 8 and is staggered with the connecting rod 9 . One end of the hydraulic damping rod 81 is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel 6 , and the other end is movably connected to the guide plate 8 .

[0046] The driving pump 71 is a hydraulic pump, specifically a piston-type driving pump whose output shaft can move bidirectionally under the action of oil pressure. The output shaft of the driving pump 71 is connected to the driving frame 7. The driving pump 71 applies force to the driving frame 7 to enable the driving frame 7 to approach the rotating frame 3 or move away from the rotating frame 3.

[0047] refer to Figure 7 The driving frame 7 is forced to approach the rotating frame 3, so that the guide plate 8 moves along the guide groove 51 of the connecting frame 5 toward the driving wheel 6. The guide plate 8 pushes the connecting rod 9 to rotate the driving wheel 6, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the component frame 4 until the main roller 41 and the auxiliary roller on the component frame 4 are tilted.

[0048] refer to Figure 6 The driving frame 7 is forced to move away from the rotating frame 3, so that the guide plate 8 moves away from the driving wheel 6 along the guide groove 51 of the connecting frame 5, and the guide plate 8 drives the connecting rod 9 to make the driving wheel 6 rotate in the opposite direction, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the component frame 4 until the main roller 41 and the auxiliary roller on the component frame 4 are horizontally arranged.

[0049] The conveying device 1 passes through the lower part of the main frame 2 and the rotating frame 3 , and its rear end extends to the vicinity of the rotating frame 3 so that the packaging film placing component is located outside the rear end of the conveying device 1 .

[0050] The feeding device 11 is arranged near the front end of the conveying device 1, and the delivery device 12 is arranged near the rear end of the conveying device 1. The feeding device 11, the conveying device 1 of the packaging film winding device, and the delivery device 12 are respectively belt conveyors.

[0051] refer to Fig.10 and Fig.11 The rotary conveying device 13 is arranged between the packaging film winding device and the delivery device 12, and includes a rotatable rotating table 132 and a conveying mechanism 131 arranged on the rotating table 132. The conveying mechanism 131 adopts a belt conveying mechanism. The conveying mechanism 131 is arranged opposite to the rear end of the conveying device 1, so that the packaging film placement component on the rotating frame 3 is located outside the front end of the conveying mechanism 131.

[0052] When the 3D packaging film wrapping machine of this embodiment is in use, the roll-shaped packaging film 45 is put on the main roller 41 of the packaging film placing component. At this time, the component frame 4 is set in the horizontal direction, and the end of the packaging film 45 is pulled out and passes around two lead-out rollers 42 and one guide roller 43 in sequence. The product 46 is sent from the feeding device 11 to the conveying device 1 of the packaging film wrapping device.

[0053] like Fig. 9 When the product 46 reaches the vicinity of the rear end of the conveying device 1, the pulled packaging film 45 is attached to the product 46. Figures 10 to 12 The main motor 21 is started to make the rotating frame 3 rotate continuously, and at the same time, the product 46 continues to move slowly backward with the conveying device 1. The packaging film placement component drives the packaging film 45 to rotate around the product 46, and the upper and lower surfaces and the left and right sides of the product 46 are wrapped. When the four wrapping films of the product 46 are completed, the product 46 moves to the rotating conveying device 13.

[0054] like Fig.13 and Fig.14 After the product 46 moves to the rotary conveyor 13, the rotating frame 3 stops rotating, and the driving pump 71 moves the driving frame 7 toward the rotating frame 3, and pushes the guide plate 8 and the connecting rod 9 in turn to rotate the driving wheel 6, so that the component frame 4 rotates synchronously to an angle, so that the packaging film 45 can be easily pulled out along the diagonal direction. Then, the rotating table 132 of the rotary conveyor 13 continues to rotate, so that the product 46 continues to rotate between the two packaging film placement components, so that the packaging film 45 is wrapped on the four sides of the product 46, and finally the front and rear sides of the product 46 are wrapped. During this period, the rotating frame 3 can be started to rotate a certain angle, and then the relative position of the packaging film placement component and the product 46 can be adjusted to ensure that the sides of the product 46 can be wrapped more evenly from top to bottom.

[0055] After all six sides of the product 46 are coated, the rotating table 132 of the rotary conveyor 13 stops rotating, and the conveying mechanism 131 of the rotary conveyor 13 conveys the product 46 to the delivery device 12. Since the packaging film 45 currently used is usually a film that is easily torn, when the product 46 is conveyed to the delivery device 12, the packaging film 45 between the product 46 and the packaging film placement assembly can be naturally torn, completing the entire product coating process.

Claims

1. A 3D packaging film wrapping machine, comprising a feeding device (11), a packaging film wrapping device and a feeding device (12) which are arranged in sequence; the packaging film wrapping device comprises a main frame (2) and a conveying device (1); the main frame (2) is a vertically arranged frame structure, the middle part of the main frame (2) has a circular winding station cavity (20), the rear side of the main frame (2) is movably provided with a circular rotating frame (3) corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity (20), the side wall of the rotating frame (3) is provided with at least one group of packaging film placing components, and the rotating frame (3) can drive the packaging film to be placed. The packaging film placement assembly rotates around the winding station cavity (20), the packaging film placement assembly comprises an assembly frame (4), a main roller (41) and at least one auxiliary roller movably arranged on the assembly frame (4), the auxiliary roller being arranged near the main roller (41) and being arranged parallel to the main roller (41), the conveying device (1) passing through the main frame (2) and the lower part of the rotating frame (3), and its rear end extending to the vicinity of the rotating frame (3) so that the packaging film placement assembly is located outside the rear end of the conveying device (1); the feeding device (11) is arranged near the front end of the conveying device (1); and the sending device (12) is arranged near the rear end of the conveying device (1); Features: In the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placement assembly on the rotating frame (3) further comprises a connecting frame (5), a driving wheel (6), a driving frame (7), a guide plate (8) and a connecting rod (9); The connecting frame (5) is a long strip-shaped structure whose front end is fixedly connected to the rotating frame (3); the rear portion of the connecting frame (5) has a rear axle hole and is movably connected to the rear axle (50); the component frame (4) of the packaging film placement component is located on the outside of the connecting frame (5) and is fixedly connected to one end of the rear axle (50); the driving wheel (6) is arranged on the inner rear portion of the connecting frame (5) and is fixedly connected to the other end of the rear axle (50); the component frame (4) is movably connected to the rotating frame (3) through the rear axle (50) of the connecting frame (5) and realizes synchronous rotation with the driving wheel (6); The inner front portion of the connecting frame (5) has a guide groove (51), the guide plate (8) is movably placed in the guide groove (51), and its front end passes through the rotating frame (3) to connect to the driving frame (7), and the driving frame (7) is movably arranged in the main frame (2) and is arranged corresponding to the edge of the winding station cavity (20). The connecting rod (9) is arranged on the inner side of the guide plate (8), one end of the connecting rod (9) is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel (6), and the other end is movably connected to the guide plate (8); The driving frame (7) is forced to approach the rotating frame (3), so that the guide plate (8) moves along the guide groove (51) of the connecting frame (5) toward the driving wheel (6), and the guide plate (8) pushes the connecting rod (9) to rotate the driving wheel (6), thereby causing the component frame (4) to rotate synchronously until the main roller (41) and the auxiliary roller on the component frame (4) are inclined. The driving frame (7) is forced to move away from the rotating frame (3), so that the guide plate (8) moves away from the driving wheel (6) along the guide groove (51) of the connecting frame (5), and the guide plate (8) drives the connecting rod (9) to make the driving wheel (6) rotate in the opposite direction, thereby making the component frame (4) rotate synchronously until the main roller (41) and the auxiliary roller on the component frame (4) are arranged horizontally; A rotary conveying device (13) is also provided between the packaging film winding device and the delivery device (12), the rotary conveying device (13) comprising a rotatable rotating table (132) and a conveying mechanism (131) provided on the rotating table (132), the conveying mechanism (131) being arranged opposite to the rear end of the conveying device (1), so that the packaging film placement component on the rotating frame (3) is located outside the front end of the conveying mechanism (131); In the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placement assembly on the rotating frame (3) further includes a hydraulic damping rod (81) arranged on the inner side of the guide plate (8), the hydraulic damping rod (81) and the connecting rod (9) are staggered, one end of the hydraulic damping rod (81) is movably connected to the edge of the driving wheel (6), and the other end is movably connected to the guide plate (8); In the packaging film winding device, the packaging film placement assembly on the rotating frame (3) further comprises a driving pump (71), wherein the driving pump (71) is a hydraulic pump or a pneumatic pump, and an output shaft of the driving pump (71) is connected to the driving frame (7), and the driving pump (71) applies force to the driving frame (7) so that the driving frame (7) is moved closer to the rotating frame (3) or farther away from the rotating frame (3).

2. The 3D packaging film wrapping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the packaging film winding device, the outer wall of the rotating frame (3) is provided with a rotating frame slot (30) coaxially arranged with the rotating frame (3); the packaging film winding device also includes a main motor (21) and a rotating frame belt (22); the main motor (21) is arranged near the rotating frame (3) on the main frame (2); one end of the rotating frame belt (22) is sleeved on the output shaft of the main motor (21) and the other end is sleeved in the rotating frame slot (30) on the outer wall of the rotating frame (3), so that the output shaft of the main motor (21) drives the rotating frame (3) to rotate through the rotating frame belt (22).

3. The 3D packaging film wrapping machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of evenly distributed positioning rollers (23) are provided on the rear side of the main frame (2) of the packaging film winding device corresponding to the periphery of the rotating frame (3), and the edges of the positioning rollers (23) are movably engaged in the rotating frame engaging grooves (30) and are disposed in contact with the outer wall of the rotating frame (3).

4. The 3D packaging film wrapping machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding device (11), the conveying device (1) of the packaging film winding device, and the delivery device (12) respectively adopt belt conveyors, and the conveying mechanism (131) of the rotary conveying device (13) is a belt conveying mechanism.

5. The 3D packaging film wrapping machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary rollers of the packaging film placement component include two lead-out rollers (42) and one guide roller (43); the main roller (41) and the lead-out roller (42) are arranged on the outer side of the component frame (4); the guide roller (43) is arranged on the inner side of the component frame (4); one end of the two lead-out rollers (42) passes through the component frame (4) and is respectively provided with two gears (44); the two gears (44) are externally meshed and transmission-connected.

Images