A cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density

Abstract

The invention discloses a cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density, comprising: an electrolytic cell body, an anode plate, a cathode plate and a transfer shell, wherein the outer walls on both sides of the top of the electrolytic cell body are fixedly connected with clamping plates, the anode plates are fixedly connected with the anode plates between the clamping plates and located inside the electrolytic cell body, and the cathode plates are fixedly connected with the anode plates between the clamping plates and located between the clamping plates. In the invention, a part of the electrolyte is sprayed out through a nozzle on the transfer shell, and a part enters the transfer shell of the upper layer through a connecting pipe, thereby reducing the thickness of the diffusion layer on the electrode surface, making the additive distribution on the electrode surface more uniform, making the copper ion concentration in the electrolytic cell more uniform, and making the temperature distribution in the electrolytic cell better, and at the same time improving the limiting current density, so that the copper electrolysis process can be operated under higher current density conditions, and higher current efficiency and high-quality cathode copper can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic cells, in particular to a cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density. Background Art

[0002] The electrolytic cell consists of a cell body, an anode and a cathode, and most of them use a diaphragm to separate the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. According to the different electrolytes, it is divided into three categories: aqueous solution electrolytic cell, molten salt electrolytic cell and non-aqueous solution electrolytic cell. When direct current passes through the electrolytic cell, an oxidation reaction occurs at the interface between the anode and the solution, and a reduction reaction occurs at the interface between the cathode and the solution to produce the desired product. Current density is one of the most important technical indicators in copper electrolytic refining. There is a linear relationship between current density and cathode copper output. Increasing current density can increase cathode copper output, labor productivity and economic benefits without adding equipment. Strengthening the management of electrolytic cells is the key to improving current efficiency.

[0003] However, the traditional cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density has some disadvantages during use, such as:

[0004] The flow mode of electrolyte in traditional electrolytic cells is that electrolyte enters the electrolytic cell from one end at the bottom or the bottom liquid inlet pipe, and flows out from the opposite end at the top or the overflow pipes at both ends of the top. The main disadvantage is that the new electrolyte, including additives, does not act directly on the electrode plates. The electrolyte bypasses the electrodes from both sides of the electrolytic cell and flows directly out of the electrolytic cell, which cannot effectively stir the thickness of the diffusion layer on the surface of the electrode plate, resulting in uneven copper ion concentration in the electrolytic cell, high comprehensive power consumption, and prolonged production cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density, comprising: an electrolytic cell body, an anode plate, a cathode plate and a transfer shell, the outer walls on both sides of the top of the electrolytic cell body are connected with clamping plates by clamping, the anode plates are fixedly connected with the anode plates between the clamping plates and located inside the electrolytic cell body by clamping, the cathode plates are fixedly connected with the anode plates between the clamping plates and located between the clamping plates, connecting rods are fixedly connected with the transfer shell at the two sides of the cathode plates between the clamping plates, the bottom of the connecting rods is fixedly connected with the transfer shell by clamping, the two sides of the bottom of the transfer shell are fixedly connected with connecting pipes by clamping, the connecting pipes are alternately distributed with the transfer shell, and the two ends of the transfer shell at the bottom are fixedly connected with liquid inlet pipes by clamping.

[0007] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell is filled with electrolyte.

[0008] Furthermore, nozzles are arranged on the top of one side of the intermediate shell close to the cathode plate through a clamping array, and the liquid outlet direction of the nozzles on the intermediate shell is parallel to the cathode plate.

[0009] Furthermore, one end of the liquid inlet pipe located outside the electrolytic cell body is fixedly connected to a booster pump through a snap connection.

[0010] Furthermore, liquid outlets are provided on both sides of the upper half of the electrolytic cell body.

[0011] Furthermore, the nozzles on the transfer shell are evenly arranged in an array.

[0012] Furthermore, a card slot is provided at the top of the electrolytic cell body at the card board connection position.

[0013] Furthermore, a card slot is provided at the top of the card plate at the card connection position between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

[0014] Furthermore, sealing gaskets are clamped at the connection positions between the two ends of the connecting pipe and the transfer shell.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross section of the transfer shell is L-shaped.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention realizes that when the cathode copper electrolytic cell is used under high current density, the anode plate and the cathode plate are placed in the electrolytic cell body, electrolyte is introduced into the electrolytic cell body, and electrolysis is carried out by powering on. During the electrolysis process, new electrolyte is continuously introduced into the electrolytic cell body through the liquid inlet pipe, and the new electrolyte first enters the bottom transfer shell, a part of the electrolyte is sprayed out through the nozzle on the transfer shell, and a part of the electrolyte enters the upper transfer shell through the connecting pipe, and so on until the electrolyte enters the top transfer shell and is sprayed out by the nozzle, thereby reducing the thickness of the diffusion layer on the electrode surface, making the additive distribution on the electrode surface more uniform, making the copper ion concentration in the electrolytic cell more uniform, and making the temperature distribution in the electrolytic cell better. At the same time, the limiting current density is improved, so that the copper electrolysis process can be operated under higher current density conditions, and higher current efficiency and high-quality cathode copper can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall main structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall left side structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 1-4 Middle: 1-electrolytic cell body; 2-card plate; 3-anode plate; 4-liquid inlet pipe; 5-connecting rod; 6-cathode plate; 7-transfer shell; 8-connecting pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density, comprising: an electrolytic cell body 1, an anode plate 3, a cathode plate 6 and a transfer shell 7, the outer walls on both sides of the top of the electrolytic cell body 1 are fixedly connected with a clamping plate 2, the anode plate 3 is fixedly connected to the inside of the electrolytic cell body 1 between the clamping plates 2, the cathode plate 6 is fixedly connected to the anode plate 3 between the clamping plates 2, the connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the cathode plate 6 between the clamping plates 2, the bottom of the connecting rod 5 is fixedly connected to the transfer shell 7, the two sides of the bottom of the transfer shell 7 are fixedly connected with connecting pipes 8 by clamping, the connecting pipes 8 are alternately distributed with the transfer shell 7, and the two ends of the transfer shell 7 located at the bottom are fixedly connected. A liquid inlet pipe 4 is fixedly connected by snap-fitting, the inside of the electrolytic cell body 1 is filled with electrolyte, and nozzles are arranged in an array on the top of the transfer shell 7 close to the cathode plate 6 through a snap-fitting array, and the liquid outlet direction of the nozzles on the transfer shell 7 is parallel to the cathode plate 6, and the liquid inlet pipe 4 is located at one end outside the electrolytic cell body 1 and is fixedly connected to a booster pump through snap-fitting, and liquid outlets are provided on both sides of the upper half of the electrolytic cell body 1, and the nozzles on the transfer shell 7 are evenly arranged in an array, and a slot is provided at the top of the electrolytic cell body 1 at the clipping position of the clip plate 2, and a slot is provided at the top of the clip plate 2 at the clipping position of the anode plate 3 and the cathode plate 6, and sealing gaskets are provided at the connection positions of the two ends of the connecting pipe 8 and the transfer shell 7 through snap-fitting, and the cross-section of the transfer shell 7 is L-shaped.

[0025] Working principle: When used, step (1) improves the quality of cathode copper skin; increases the weight and hardness of the copper skin by a reasonable ratio of additives, so that the weight of the copper skin is ≥7kg, and ensures that the copper content of the seed plate system is controlled at 47-50g / l, the solution acidity is 178-185g / l, the Sb content is ≤0.8g / l, the Bi content is ≤1g / l, the Ni content is ≤15g / l, and the Fe content is ≤5g / l;

[0026] Step (2) cathode processing: the copper sheet produced in step (1) is processed in the unit area, and the sag of the cathode copper sheet is increased by changing the embossing of the starting electrode unit (changing the width and number of embossing strips), ensuring that the sag of the cathode plate is ≤±6.5mm to reach 100%, and the quality of the nail ears: the ear riveting is firm and reliable, deviating from the design value by ±2mm, and the upper edge of the ear must be straight, and the height difference between the upper edges of the two ears is not more than 5mm;

[0027] Step (3) Place qualified anode and cathode into the cell: Place the anode and cathode electrodes in the electrolytic cell and adjust the distance between the anode and cathode electrodes. The distance between the new anode and cathode electrodes should be close to the large surface of the anode electrode (10 mm close to the large surface in the middle) and the half-residual cathode electrode should be in the middle.

[0028] Step (4) Control of electrolyte composition: Inject electrolyte after step (3) is completed, the electrolyte copper content is 48-56 g / l, the solution acidity is 180-196 g / l, the Sb content is ≤0.8 g / l, the Bi content is ≤1 g / l, the Ni content is ≤15 g / l, the Fe content is ≤5 g / l, the electrolyte temperature is 60-65 ° C, the current density is 300-316 A / ㎡, the cell voltage is 0.30-0.40 V, the current efficiency is 96%-98%, the power consumption is 310-350 kwh / t copper, the additive ratio is reasonable, the power is turned on for electrolysis, and during the electrolysis process, the electrolyte is fed into the electrolytic cell body 1 through the liquid inlet pipe 4 New electrolyte is continuously introduced into the electrode, and the new electrolyte first enters the transfer shell 7 at the bottom. Part of the electrolyte is sprayed out through the nozzle on the transfer shell, and part of it enters the transfer shell 7 on the upper layer through the connecting pipe 8, and so on until the electrolyte enters the transfer shell 7 on the top layer and is sprayed out by the nozzle, which reduces the thickness of the diffusion layer on the electrode surface, makes the additive distribution on the electrode surface more uniform, makes the copper ion concentration in the electrolytic cell more uniform, and makes the temperature distribution in the electrolytic cell better. At the same time, the limiting current density is improved, so that the copper electrolysis process can operate under higher current density conditions, and higher current efficiency and high-quality cathode copper can be obtained.

[0029] Step (5) Adjust the pole distance during the power-on period. After 3 days of power-on, adjust the pole distance of the new anode in step (3) to restore the center position and continue production.

[0030] The production cycle is 8 days, the single-cubic-meter output (42 slots) reaches 328.57 tons, the power efficiency is 97.6%, the residual pole rate is 15.6%, the power consumption is 319kwh / t copper, and the cathode copper grade rate produced reaches the standard of 99.99%.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cathode copper electrolytic cell under high current density, characterized in that: include: Electrolyzer body (1); Anode plate (3); Cathode plate (6); Transfer shell (7), Wherein, the outer walls on both sides of the top of the electrolytic cell body (1) are connected to clamping plates (2) by clamping and fixing, the anode plates (3) are connected to the inside of the electrolytic cell body (1) between the clamping plates (2) by clamping and fixing, the cathode plates (6) are connected to the anode plates (3) between the clamping plates (2) by clamping and fixing, the connecting rods (5) are connected to the two sides of the cathode plates (6) between the clamping plates (2) by clamping and fixing, the bottom of the connecting rods (5) is connected to a transfer shell (7) by clamping and fixing, the two sides of the bottom of the transfer shell (7) are connected to connecting pipes (8) by clamping and fixing, the connecting pipes (8) and the transfer shell (7) are alternately distributed, and the two ends of the transfer shell (7) located at the bottom are connected to the liquid inlet pipes (4) by clamping and fixing; The electrolytic cell body (1) is filled with electrolyte; The top of the middle transfer shell (7) close to the cathode plate (6) is provided with nozzles arranged in a snap-fit ​​array, and the liquid outlet direction of the nozzles on the middle transfer shell (7) is parallel to the cathode plate (6).

2. A cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the liquid inlet pipe (4) located outside the electrolytic cell body (1) is fixedly connected to a booster pump via a snap connection.

3. The cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: Liquid outlets are provided on both sides of the upper half of the electrolytic cell body (1).

4. A cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzles on the transfer shell (7) are evenly arranged in an array.

5. The cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping groove is provided on the top of the electrolytic cell body (1) at the clamping position of the clamping plate (2).

6. A cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping groove is provided on the top of the clamping plate (2) at the clamping position of the anode plate (3) and the cathode plate (6).

7. A cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection parts between the two ends of the connecting pipe (8) and the transfer shell (7) are connected with sealing gaskets through clamping.

8. The cathode copper electrolytic cell at high current density according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the transfer shell (7) is L-shaped.

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