A real-time monitoring device and method for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate

Abstract

The present invention discloses a real-time monitoring device for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate and a monitoring method thereof. The device comprises an eccentric funnel whose edge is flush with the riverbed surface, a transmission shaft driven by a first motor is arranged at the bottom of the eccentric funnel, a sand scale is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft at a position directly opposite to the lower end opening of the eccentric funnel, a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sand scale, a funnel-shaped sand storage chamber is arranged below the transmission shaft, the lower end opening of the sand storage chamber is connected to the bottom sand inlet of the inclined upward sand transport pipe, a spiral blade extending from the bottom sand inlet to the upper sand outlet is arranged in the sand transport pipe, and the spiral blade is driven by a second motor. The device disclosed by the present invention can effectively measure the suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate on the same cross section of the river, is easy to operate, and has little disturbance to the water flow conditions. The lifting device can be used to realize the measurement of the suspended load sediment transport rate at different heights of the same water-passing cross section, which is of great significance for laboratory simulation experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of river sediment transport rate measurement, and particularly relates to a real-time monitoring device and method for river suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate in this field. Background Art

[0002] The determination of river sediment transport rate is one of the important contents of studying river sediment movement. Accurately and timely grasping the sediment transport rate of the river is of great significance for river reservoir dredging, river evolution, soil erosion prevention and control, flood peak capacity estimation, hydropower station protection and even dam structure design. Although there are many semi-theoretical and semi-empirical formulas for the calculation of sediment transport rate, very accurate results cannot be obtained. One of the important reasons why the research on suspended sediment and bed load sediment transport rate is still not thorough enough is the lack of devices that can accurately detect sediment transport rate. The existing bed load sediment transport rate measuring instruments are mainly based on sampling measurement, and the measurement is carried out by collecting and drying the bed load. There are problems such as long measurement time, large disturbance to the water body, complex operation, and limited measurement range. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device and method for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A real-time monitoring device for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate, the improvement of which is as follows: it comprises an eccentric funnel whose edge is flush with the riverbed surface, a transmission shaft driven by a first motor is arranged at the bottom of the eccentric funnel, a sand scale is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft at a position directly opposite to the lower end opening of the eccentric funnel, a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sand scale, a funnel-shaped sand storage chamber is arranged below the transmission shaft, the lower end opening of the sand storage chamber is connected to the bottom sand inlet of a sand transport pipe inclined upward, and a spiral blade extending from the bottom sand inlet to the upper sand outlet is arranged in the sand transport pipe , the spiral blade is driven by a second motor; a lifting device is arranged on the top of the eccentric funnel, a lifting part which can be lifted up and down is arranged in the lifting device, a shading cylinder opposite to the water flow direction is installed on the lifting part, light-transmitting holes are respectively opened on the opposite sides of the shading cylinder and a light source room and a photosensitive room are installed, a light source is installed in the light source room, and a light source receiver is installed in the photosensitive room; it also includes a circuit control room, a single-chip microcomputer is installed in the circuit control room, and the above-mentioned first motor, pressure sensor, second motor, lifting device and light source receiver are all electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0006] Furthermore, the four corners of the eccentric funnel are fixed to the riverbed by a fixing pile respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, a sand guide pipe is installed at the lower opening of the eccentric funnel.

[0008] Furthermore, the shading cylinder is installed on the lifting part through a connecting rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the single chip microcomputer is connected and communicated with the host computer.

[0010] A real-time monitoring method for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate, using the above-mentioned device, the improvement of which is that: after the device is installed in place and activated, the lifting part of the lifting device is adjusted to move the light-shielding cylinder to the measuring height, the light source in the light source room is turned on, and when the water flows through the light-shielding cylinder, the silt carried in the water flow will block the light source signal, and the light source receiver installed in the photosensitive room senses the light source signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer, which calculates the suspended load sediment transport rate according to the situation that the light source signal is blocked by the silt; the silt moving along the riverbed surface enters the eccentric funnel and falls into the sand weighing bottom of the lower end opening of the eccentric funnel. The pressure sensor converts the weight of the sediment in the sand weighing dish into an electrical signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer, which calculates the bedload sediment transport rate according to the growth rate of the sediment weight; when the weight of the sediment in the sand weighing dish reaches the set value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the first motor to drive the transmission shaft to drive the sand weighing dish to flip downward 180°, and dump the sediment in the sand weighing dish into the sand storage chamber. The sediment in the sand storage chamber can fall into the sand conveying pipe through the opening at the lower end thereof. When the weight of the sediment in the sand storage chamber reaches the set value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the second motor to drive the spiral blade to rotate, and the sediment in the sand storage chamber is discharged through the upper sand outlet of the sand conveying pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the single chip microcomputer sends the suspended sediment transport rate and the bed load sediment transport rate to the PC of the host computer for display output.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] The device disclosed in the present invention can effectively measure the suspended load and bed load sediment transport rates on the same cross section of the river, is easy to operate, and has little disturbance to the water flow conditions. The lifting device can be used to measure the suspended load sediment transport rate at different heights of the same water-passing cross section, which is of great significance for laboratory simulation experiments. The sand transport pipe can discharge the sediment in the sand storage chamber, thereby realizing long-term continuous and uninterrupted monitoring.

[0014] Compared with the traditional measurement method of sample sedimentation concentration, drying, weighing and calculation, the method disclosed in the present invention can significantly shorten the experimental time, effectively save manpower, and be more concise and efficient. The final result is directly displayed and output on the PC end of the host computer, achieving the effect of real-time monitoring. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device disclosed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an eccentric funnel in the device disclosed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination relationship between the first motor, the transmission shaft and the sand weighing dish in the device disclosed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-shielding cylinder in the device disclosed in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the light-shielding cylinder, the light source chamber and the photosensitive chamber in the device disclosed in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a real-time monitoring device for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate, including an eccentric funnel 9 whose edge is flush with the riverbed surface. The structure of the eccentric funnel is as follows Figure 2 As shown, Figure 3 As shown, a transmission shaft 7 driven by a first motor 6 is arranged at the bottom of the eccentric funnel, a sand scale 12 is fixedly installed at a position on the transmission shaft opposite to the lower end opening of the eccentric funnel, a pressure sensor 13 is arranged at the bottom of the sand scale, a funnel-shaped sand storage chamber 8 is arranged below the transmission shaft, the lower end opening of the sand storage chamber is connected to the bottom sand inlet of the sand conveying pipe inclined upward, a spiral blade 10 extending from the bottom sand inlet to the upper sand outlet is arranged in the sand conveying pipe, and the spiral blade is driven by a second motor 11; a lifting device 1 is arranged at the top of the eccentric funnel, a lifting part that can be lifted up and down is arranged in the lifting device, and a light-shielding cylinder 2 opposite to the water flow direction is installed on the lifting part, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in Figure 5, light-transmitting holes are respectively opened on the opposite sides of the light-shielding cylinder and a light source chamber 15 and a photosensitive chamber 3 are installed, a light source is installed in the light source chamber, and a light source receiver is installed in the photosensitive chamber; it also includes a circuit control chamber 5, in which a single-chip microcomputer is installed, and the above-mentioned first motor, pressure sensor, second motor, lifting device and light source receiver are all electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

[0022] In this embodiment, the four corners of the eccentric funnel are fixed on the riverbed by a fixing pile 4. A sand guide pipe 14 is installed at the lower opening of the eccentric funnel. The light shielding cylinder is installed on the lifting part through a connecting rod. The single chip microcomputer is connected to the host computer for communication.

[0023] This embodiment also discloses a real-time monitoring method for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rates. Using the above-mentioned device, after the device is installed in place and activated, the lifting part of the lifting device is adjusted to move the shading cylinder to the measuring height, so as to measure the suspended load sediment transport rates at different heights. Turn on the light source in the light source room. When the water flows through the light-shielding cylinder, the silt carried in the water flow will block the light source signal. The light source receiver installed in the photosensitive room senses the light source signal and converts it into an electrical signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer calculates the suspended sediment transport rate according to the situation that the light source signal is blocked by the silt. The silt moving along the riverbed enters the eccentric funnel and falls into the sand weighing dish at the bottom of the opening at the lower end of the eccentric funnel. The pressure sensor converts the weight of the silt in the sand weighing dish into an electrical signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer calculates the bedload sediment transport rate according to the growth rate of the silt weight. When the weight of the silt in the sand weighing dish reaches the set value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the first motor to drive the transmission shaft to drive the sand weighing dish to flip downward 180°. After the silt in the sand weighing dish is dumped into the sand storage chamber, the single-chip microcomputer controls the first motor to drive the transmission shaft to drive the sand weighing dish to flip upward 180° and reset. The silt in the sand storage chamber can fall into the sand conveying pipe through the opening at the lower end. When the weight of the silt in the sand storage chamber reaches the set value, the single chip microcomputer controls the second motor to drive the spiral blade to rotate, and the silt in the sand storage chamber is discharged through the upper sand outlet of the sand conveying pipe.

[0024] The single chip microcomputer sends the suspended sediment transport rate and the bed load sediment transport rate to the PC of the host computer for display output.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring method for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate, using a real-time monitoring device for suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate, comprising an eccentric funnel whose edge is flush with the riverbed surface, a transmission shaft driven by a first motor is arranged at the bottom of the eccentric funnel, a sand scale is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft at a position directly opposite to the lower end opening of the eccentric funnel, a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sand scale, a funnel-shaped sand storage chamber is arranged below the transmission shaft, the lower end opening of the sand storage chamber is connected to the bottom sand inlet of the inclined upward sand transport pipe, and a pressure sensor extending from the bottom sand inlet to the upper sand outlet is arranged in the sand transport pipe. The spiral blade is driven by a second motor; a lifting device is arranged on the top of the eccentric funnel, a lifting part that can be lifted up and down is arranged in the lifting device, a light-shielding cylinder opposite to the water flow direction is installed on the lifting part, light-transmitting holes are respectively opened on the opposite sides of the light-shielding cylinder, and a light source room and a photosensitive room are installed, a light source is installed in the light source room, and a light source receiver is installed in the photosensitive room; a circuit control room is also included, a single-chip microcomputer is installed in the circuit control room, and the above-mentioned first motor, pressure sensor, second motor, lifting device and light source receiver are all electrically connected to the single-chip microcomputer, characterized in that: After the device is installed in place and activated, adjust the lifting part of the lifting device to move the shading cylinder to the measuring height, turn on the light source in the light source room, and when the water flows through the shading cylinder, the sediment carried in the water will block the light source signal. The light source receiver installed in the photosensitive room senses the light source signal and transmits it to the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer calculates the suspended sediment transport rate according to the situation that the light source signal is blocked by the sediment. The sediment moving along the riverbed enters the eccentric funnel and falls into the sand weighing dish at the bottom of the opening at the lower end of the eccentric funnel. The weight of the sediment in the sand weighing dish is measured by the pressure sensor. After being converted into an electrical signal, it is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer, which calculates the bedload sediment transport rate based on the growth rate of the sediment weight; when the weight of the sediment in the sand weighing dish reaches the set value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the first motor to drive the transmission shaft to drive the sand weighing dish to flip downward 180°, and dump the sediment in the sand weighing dish into the sand storage chamber. The sediment in the sand storage chamber can fall into the sand conveying pipe through the opening at the lower end. When the weight of the sediment in the sand storage chamber reaches the set value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the second motor to drive the spiral blade to rotate, and the sediment in the sand storage chamber is discharged through the upper sand outlet of the sand conveying pipe.

2. The method for real-time monitoring of suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four corners of the eccentric funnel are fixed to the riverbed with a fixing pile respectively.

3. The real-time monitoring method of suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate according to claim 1 is characterized by: A sand inlet pipe is installed at the lower opening of the eccentric funnel.

4. The real-time monitoring method of suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shading cylinder is installed on the lifting part through a connecting rod.

5. The method for real-time monitoring of suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller is connected and communicated with the host computer.

6. The real-time monitoring method of suspended load and bed load sediment transport rate according to claim 1 is characterized by: The single chip microcomputer sends the suspended sediment transport rate and the bed load sediment transport rate to the PC of the host computer for display output.

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