A broadband miniaturized base station antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a broadband miniaturized base station antenna and communication device, including a reflector, an antenna radiating element, and gate-shaped stubs. The antenna radiating element is disposed above the reflector, and multiple gate-shaped stubs are evenly distributed on the reflector and located around the antenna radiating element. This broadband miniaturized base station antenna features a novel structure, planar design, simple fabrication, large bandwidth, and low profile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular to a broadband miniaturized base station antenna and communication equipment. Background Art

[0002] In order to meet the increasing needs of users, mobile communication technology is also developing rapidly, from the first generation analog communication system (1G) to the current fifth generation mobile communication system (5G). At present, there are 2G, 3G, LTE (4G), and 5G systems in China. The LTE (4G) system uses 2300-2690MHz, while the 5G system uses 3.3-3.6GHz and 4.8-5GHz. Since different mobile systems use different frequency bands, if one antenna can cover multiple communication frequency bands, it will effectively reduce the number of base stations, thereby reducing the construction cost and space of base stations to achieve greater economic benefits.

[0003] At present, there are base station antennas with 45% impedance bandwidth that can cover 2G, 3G, and LTE (4G) systems at the same time, and the better ones can achieve 60% impedance bandwidth, but there are no base station antennas with nearly 75% impedance bandwidth that can cover 4G and 5G systems at the same time. In order to meet the needs of wider frequency bands, broadband base station antennas that support the 2.3-5GHz frequency band have very important practical value and market value. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a broadband miniaturized base station antenna and communication equipment. The present invention is a simple structure, low profile, and can achieve an impedance bandwidth (S 11 <-15dB), a broadband miniaturized base station antenna covering the 2.3-5GHz frequency band.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A broadband miniaturized base station antenna comprises a reflector, an antenna radiation unit and a gate-shaped branch. The antenna radiation unit is arranged above the reflector. There are a plurality of gate-shaped branches arranged on the reflector and located around the antenna radiation unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the antenna radiation unit includes a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, a third radiation arm, a fourth radiation arm and a feed line structure, the feed line structure includes a first feed line and a second feed line, the first radiation arm, the fourth radiation arm and the first feed line are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the second radiation arm, the third radiation arm and the second feed line are printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm constitute a +45 degree polarized oscillator, which is fed by the first feed line, and the second radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm constitute a -45 degree polarized oscillator, which is fed by the second feed line.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a square ring, which is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and four radiation arms are arranged in the square ring.

[0009] Furthermore, a V-shaped metal strip is arranged between the radiation arm and the square ring, and the V-shaped metal strip is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the four radiation arms have the same structure and size, and the edges all adopt an exponential curve gradient structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the distance between the reflector and the antenna radiation unit is 0.2λ0-0.25λ0, wherein λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency 3.65 GHz of the broadband base station antenna in free space.

[0012] Furthermore, the first radiating arm and the third radiating arm are symmetrical about the center point of the dielectric substrate, and the second radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are symmetrical about the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0013] Furthermore, there are four gate-shaped branches, which are vertically arranged on the reflector and respectively located around the antenna radiation unit, and the vertical central axis of the gate-shaped branches is parallel to the perpendicular midlines of the four sides of the dielectric substrate.

[0014] A communication device comprises the above-mentioned broadband miniaturized base station antenna.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0016] (1) The bandwidth of the present invention completely covers 2300-5000 MHz and is suitable for LTE (4G) and 5G mobile communication systems.

[0017] (2) The present invention significantly enhances the impedance matching of the antenna by arranging four gate-shaped branches on the reflector, so that the antenna can achieve |S in the entire frequency band of 2300-5000MHz 11 |<-15dB impedance matching.

[0018] (3) The V-shaped metal strips provided in the present invention effectively adjust the high-frequency resonance point

[0019] (4) The present invention introduces a coupled square ring, introduces a new resonance mode, generates a low-frequency resonance point, and effectively expands the bandwidth;

[0020] (5) In order to improve the impedance performance of the antenna, the spacing between the cross dipoles of the present invention adopts an exponential curve gradient structure, which effectively improves the matching.

[0021] (6) Compared with other broadband dipole-type base station antennas, the present invention has the advantage of a lower profile of only 20 mm (the electrical length is 0.24λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength at the center frequency of 3.65 GHz). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a left sectional view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 are the impedance bandwidth and isolation of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is the radiation pattern of the present invention at 2.3 GHz;

[0027] Figure 6 is the radiation pattern of the present invention at 3.2 GHz;

[0028] Figure 7 is the radiation pattern of the present invention at 4.1 GHz;

[0029] Figure 8 It is the radiation pattern of the present invention at 5.0 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a broadband miniaturized base station antenna has a symmetrical structure and includes a reflector 2, an antenna radiation unit 1, a gate-shaped branch 3, a coaxial line 4 and an insulating plastic column 5.

[0033] The antenna radiation unit is fixed on the top of the reflector through four insulating plastic columns, and the four insulating plastic columns are located at the four corners of the antenna radiation unit. In this embodiment, the distance between the two is 20 mm.

[0034] The distance between the reflector and the antenna radiation unit is 0.2λ0-0.25λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency 3.65 GHz of the broadband base station antenna in free space.

[0035] There are four gate-shaped branches, which are placed vertically on the reflector and located around the antenna radiation unit, and are respectively located at the center of each side of the dielectric substrate of the antenna radiation unit. In this embodiment, each gate-shaped branch is located 32 mm away from the center of the antenna radiation unit; in this embodiment, the gate-shaped branch is a rectangular metal plate. The height of the gate-shaped branch and the distance from the radiator will affect the impedance matching and beam width. The purpose of introducing the gate-shaped branch is to improve the impedance matching. The function of the gate-shaped branch is to load the impedance of the radiator, which can effectively enhance the impedance matching.

[0036] The antenna radiation unit includes a first radiation arm 6A, a second radiation arm 6B, a third radiation arm 6C, a fourth radiation arm 6D, a square ring 8, a dielectric substrate and a feeding structure, and the feeding structure includes a first feed line 7A and a second feed line 7B. The first radiation arm, the fourth radiation arm and the first feed line are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the second radiation arm, the third radiation arm and the second feed line are printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the first and third radiation arms constitute a +45 degree polarized dipole, which is fed by the first feed line, and the second and fourth radiation arms constitute a -45 degree polarized dipole, which is fed by the second feed line, and an isolation of 25 dB can be achieved.

[0037] The first feed line and the second feed line are perpendicular to each other, and the perpendicular intersection is located at the center point of the dielectric substrate.

[0038] The antenna radiating unit is directly fed by the coaxial line.

[0039] The first radiation arm, the second radiation arm, the third radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm have the same structure and size, and the edge shape of the radiation arm changes according to the law of the exponential curve. The exponential curve function is y=c1e kx +c2.

[0040] Furthermore, a square ring is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and four radiating arms are set in the square ring. The square ring introduces a new resonance point at the low frequency position of the antenna to expand the bandwidth. The circumference of the square ring is 132mm, and the electrical length is 1.6λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the broadband base station antenna of 3.65GHz in free space. The side length and line width of the square ring will affect the position and matching of the resonance point.

[0041] Furthermore, in order to adjust the impedance distribution, the present invention introduces a V-shaped metal strip 9. There are four V-shaped metal strips, all of which are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and are specifically located between the square ring and the radiation arm. Its length will affect the highest frequency resonance point. Increasing the length of the V-shaped metal strip can reduce the highest frequency resonance point.

[0042] The four microstrip lines are symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate, and the apex of the V-shaped metal strip is located between the two radiation arms.

[0043] In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate and the reflector are both square structures.

[0044] The dielectric substrate is made of high-frequency plate material Taconic TLY, with a thickness of 0.508 mm and a relative dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0045] The antenna radiation unit is a planar structure, which can achieve a dual-polarization bandwidth of 2300-5000MHz and a return loss greater than 15dB.

[0046] The antenna radiating unit is directly fed by a coaxial line;

[0047] The reflector is a planar structure, and in this embodiment, the size is 100 mm×100 mm.

[0048] Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the S parameters of this embodiment. In the frequency range of 2300-5000 MHz, the return loss of the antenna reaches 15 dB, and the isolation is greater than 25 dB.

[0049] Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern of the horizontal plane of this embodiment at four frequency points of 2.3 GHz, 3.1 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 5 GHz, which has good radiation characteristics.

[0050] This embodiment has an impedance bandwidth of 2300-5000MHz and a return loss of 15dB. It can cover the 2300-2690MHz frequency band of the LTE (4G) system and the 3.3-3.6GHz and 4.8-5GHz frequency bands of the 5G system. In addition, the isolation in this frequency band reaches more than 25dB, and the gain is 8.1±0.9dBi.

[0051] The broadband miniaturized base station antenna has the characteristics of novel structure, planar structure, simple production, large bandwidth, low profile, etc.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A communication device includes the broadband miniaturized base station antenna as described in Example 1.

[0054] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband miniaturized base station antenna, characterized in that: It includes a reflector, a square ring, an antenna radiation unit and a gate-shaped branch. The antenna radiation unit is arranged above the reflector. There are multiple gate-shaped branches, which are arranged on the reflector and around the antenna radiation unit. There are four gate-shaped branches, which are vertically arranged on the reflector and respectively located in the middle of the four sides of the antenna radiation unit. The height of the gate-shaped branches and the distance from the radiator will affect the impedance matching and the beam width; The antenna radiation unit comprises a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, a third radiation arm, a fourth radiation arm, a square ring, a dielectric substrate and a feeding structure; the first radiation arm, the second radiation arm, the third radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm have the same structure and size, and the edge shape of the radiation arm changes according to the law of an exponential curve, and the exponential curve function is y=c1e kx +c2; The square ring is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and four radiating arms are set in the square ring. The square ring introduces a new resonance point at the low frequency position of the antenna to expand the bandwidth. The circumference of the square ring is 132 mm, and the electrical length is 1.6λ0. λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the broadband base station antenna of 3.65GHz in free space. The side length and line width of the square ring will affect the position and matching of the resonance point. A V-shaped metal strip is arranged between the radiation arm and the square ring. The V-shaped metal strip is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The length of the V-shaped metal strip affects the resonance point of the highest frequency. Increasing the length of the V-shaped metal strip reduces the resonance point of the highest frequency.

2. The broadband miniaturized base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiating arm, the fourth radiating arm and the first feed line are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the second feed line are printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the first radiating arm and the third radiating arm constitute a +45 degree polarized oscillator, which is fed by the first feed line, and the second radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm constitute a -45 degree polarized oscillator, which is fed by the second feed line.

3. The broadband miniaturized base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the reflector and the antenna radiation unit is 0.2λ0-0.25λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency 3.65 GHz of the broadband base station antenna in free space.

4. The broadband miniaturized base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first radiating arm and the third radiating arm are symmetrical about the center point of the dielectric substrate, and the second radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are symmetrical about the center point of the dielectric substrate.

5. A communication device, characterized in that: It comprises the broadband miniaturized base station antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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