A reactor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a reactor, which includes an outer shell, wherein a partition head in the outer shell divides the inner cavity of the outer shell into an upper reaction part and a lower reaction part; a first air inlet is arranged in the upper reaction part, and the first air inlet is composed of a plurality of first air distribution parts arranged around the central axis; a first air collection part is arranged in the central part of the upper reaction part, and a first catalyst cavity is formed between the first air inlet and the first air collection part; each first air distribution part includes a first inner plate in the shape of an arc protruding toward the central direction of the outer shell, and a first air distribution hole is opened on the first inner plate; a second air inlet is arranged in the lower reaction part, and a second air collection part is arranged in the central part of the lower reaction part, and a second catalyst cavity is formed between the second air inlet and the second air collection part. The present application can effectively improve the uniformity of gas distribution in the reactor, as well as the uniformity of reaction and the efficiency of catalyst use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a reactor. Background Art

[0002] At present, a special gas distribution structure needs to be set up in a radial reactor so that the raw gas entering the reactor can evenly enter the catalyst chamber for reaction. The conventional design is to set an inner cylinder in the inner shell of the reactor, and set a gas collecting cylinder for collecting the gas that has completed the reaction in the center of the inner cylinder. Catalysts are stacked between the inner cylinder and the gas collecting cylinder, and gas distribution holes are opened on the inner cylinder. Then, an annular gap is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer shell. After the raw gas enters the annular gap, it enters the catalyst through the gas distribution holes for reaction, and the gas that has completed the reaction enters the gas collecting cylinder. This structure enables the raw gas to enter the catalyst along the radial direction of the reactor for reaction.

[0003] When a reactor of this structure is in operation, it is found that the reaction efficiency near the center of the inner tube is higher than that near the tube wall, resulting in large differences in the reaction rates of various reaction zones within the reactor, which leads to areas with excessively high reaction temperatures and a tendency for the reaction to increase side reactions.

[0004] In addition, existing reactors are basically designed based on violent reactions and large reaction heat release. A large number of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the reactor to remove the reaction heat from the reactor. This structural design is more suitable for reactions with large heat release, but is not suitable for reactions with less heat release. Since the heat exchange tubes occupy a larger internal space of the reactor, the volume of the reactor is increased, which increases the manufacturing cost of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a reactor, by which the temperature in the reactor can be made more uniform during the reaction, which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of side reactions. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A reactor, comprising a shell having a central axis extending in a vertical direction, a partition head arranged in the shell, the partition head dividing the inner cavity of the shell into an upper reaction part and a lower reaction part along the up-down direction, wherein the upper reaction part is located above the lower reaction part;

[0007] A first air inlet is arranged in the upper reaction part, and the first air inlet is composed of a plurality of first air distribution members arranged around the central axis; a first air collecting part extending in a vertical direction is arranged in the center of the upper reaction part, a first catalyst cavity is formed between the first air inlet and the first air collecting part, a first catalyst cover is arranged on the top of the first catalyst cavity, and a first air inlet cavity is formed between the first catalyst cover and the top of the housing;

[0008] Each first air distribution member includes a first distribution tube extending in the vertical direction, the first distribution tube includes a first outer plate and a first inner plate connected to the first outer plate, a first air distribution cavity extending along the central axis is formed between the first outer plate and the first inner plate, the first outer plate faces the outer side in the radial direction, and the first inner plate faces the center direction of the shell;

[0009] A first air distribution hole is provided on the first inner plate, and the first air distribution hole penetrates both inner and outer sides of the first inner plate; the upper end of the first distribution tube has a first air inlet connected to the first air inlet cavity, and the lower end of the first distribution tube is a closed end; when viewed in the vertical direction, the cross section of the first inner plate is in the shape of an arc protruding toward the center of the shell; the outer surface of the first inner plate is called the first outer surface;

[0010] The first air collecting part has a first exhaust cavity, and an air flow channel connecting the first catalyst cavity and the first exhaust cavity is arranged on the first air collecting part; an air intake pipe connecting the first air intake cavity is arranged on the shell, and an exhaust part connecting the first exhaust cavity is arranged on the partition plate head;

[0011] A second air inlet is arranged in the lower reaction part, the second air inlet is arranged around the central axis, a second air collecting part extending in the vertical direction is arranged in the center of the lower reaction part, a second catalyst chamber is formed between the second air inlet and the second air collecting part, a second catalyst cover is arranged on the top of the second catalyst chamber, and a second air inlet chamber is formed between the second catalyst cover and the partition plate seal; the exhaust part is connected to the second air inlet chamber;

[0012] The second air inlet portion is provided with a gas distribution cavity communicating with the second catalyst cavity and the second air inlet cavity;

[0013] The second air collecting part has a second exhaust cavity. A connecting hole connecting the second catalyst cavity and the second exhaust cavity is arranged on the second air collecting part. An exhaust pipe connecting the second exhaust cavity is arranged on the outer shell.

[0014] When the reactor is working, in the upper reaction part, when the raw gas enters the first catalyst chamber from the first gas distribution piece to react, since the first inner plate of the first gas distribution piece is in an arc shape, the gas discharged from each first gas distribution piece is radially ejected outward, and the airflows discharged from two adjacent first gas distribution pieces collide and mix, and then flow radially in the first catalyst chamber to react. Since the gases discharged from the first gas distribution piece are first mixed with each other, the back mixing of the gas can be increased, the flow rate of the airflow can be reduced, the uniformity of the distribution of the gas in the first catalyst chamber can be improved, and the reaction efficiency of the catalyst near the first gas distribution piece area is improved. While improving the reaction uniformity, the use efficiency of the catalyst is also improved.

[0015] In a reactor using a conventional gas distribution cylinder, when a radial flow from outside to inside is used, the temperature in the center of the catalyst chamber is 10-15°C higher than the temperature in the area close to the gas distribution cylinder. After using the gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference between the center of the first catalyst chamber and the area close to the first gas distribution member is reduced to 1-5°C. This is conducive to the uniform reaction in the reactor, improves the controllability of the reactor, and improves the use efficiency of the reactor.

[0016] In the present application, a single shell is used, and a partition head is arranged inside the shell to divide the inner cavity of the shell into two reaction areas, an upper reaction part and a lower reaction part, which can reduce the structural components of the equipment.

[0017] Specifically, the first inner plate has a plurality of guide holes formed by stamping; each guide hole has a guide plate, which is a strip-shaped plate stamped out by the corresponding guide hole and connected to the first inner plate at least at one end; the guide plate has an air guide portion, which protrudes from the first outer surface; in the thickness direction of the first inner plate, there is a distance between the air guide portion and the first outer surface, so that an air outlet connected to the guide hole is formed between the air guide portion and the first outer surface, and the guide hole and the connected air outlet together form a first air distribution hole. Preferably, the guide plate extends in the vertical direction.

[0018] The guide holes of the above-mentioned structural form can directly form guide plates when stamping the guide holes, without the need for secondary processing, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the first inner plate, while improving the utilization rate of the first inner plate material, reducing material waste, and thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the equipment. When the airflow flows out of the first air distribution piece, the flow direction of the gas changes due to the obstruction of the guide plate, intensifying the mixing of the gas discharged from the adjacent first air distribution piece, making the gas distribution more uniform, reducing or avoiding the impact of the airflow on the catalyst, and reducing the catalyst rupture caused by the impact of the airflow. At the same time, when the airflow flows out of the guide hole, due to the obstruction of the guide plate, the flow direction of the gas changes significantly. In the process of the airflow turning, a small vortex will be formed, which will cause the trace amount of catalyst carried by the airflow to settle, reducing the amount of catalyst carried by the airflow.

[0019] After adopting this structure, the temperature difference between the central area of ​​the first catalyst chamber and the area near the first air distribution member is further reduced to 0.7-2.8° C., so that the temperature in the entire first catalyst chamber is further consistent.

[0020] To facilitate the stamping process, the opposite ends of the guide plate are each formed with a connection end connected to the first inner plate. The plate member used to make the first inner plate is a flat plate. When stamping, only two parallel edge lines can be cut on the flat plate to perform stamping, that is, a structure in which both opposite ends are connected to the flat plate is formed, and then the stamped flat plate can be bent. This structure enables the guide plate and the flat plate to have two connection points, and has a more stable structure. Under greater pressure, the guide plate can be prevented from bending in a direction away from the inner plate, causing changes in the air outlet formed between the air guide portion and the first outer surface, thereby affecting the air flow speed.

[0021] Furthermore, in the thickness direction of the first inner plate, the guide hole is covered by the projection of the punched bending sheet, so that the flow direction of the gas flowing out of the guide hole can be completely changed, and part of the gas is prevented from being directly ejected along the radial direction of the first inner plate.

[0022] Furthermore, the first outer plate includes an intermediate plate and side panels connected to both ends of the intermediate plate in a horizontal direction. When viewed along the central axis, the first outer plate is in the shape of a groove with an opening toward the first inner plate, and the cross-section of the intermediate plate is in the shape of a straight line or an arc protruding in a direction away from the first inner plate. The intermediate plate is arranged opposite to the first inner plate, and both ends of the first inner plate in a circumferential direction are respectively connected to a side panel.

[0023] When making the first outer plate, the first outer plate can be bent from a whole plate to reduce the amount of welding. When making a reactor, it is necessary to make full use of the internal space of the reactor to improve the use efficiency of the reactor. After the middle plate is set as an arc plate and the arc plate is arranged relative to the first inner plate, when the first gas distribution piece is installed in the shell of the reactor, the first outer plate is radially facing outward and as close to the shell as possible to reduce the gap between the shell and the gas distribution piece, so that after a number of first gas distribution pieces are formed into a circle, there is a larger first catalyst chamber for the reaction.

[0024] Specifically, the maximum distance between the middle plate and the inner wall of the first cylinder is ≤10 mm.

[0025] This design can reduce the pores between the first gas distribution piece and the shell of the reactor. These pores cannot be effectively utilized. Reducing the existence of these pores can improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the reactor and, on this basis, reduce the volume of the reactor.

[0026] Specifically, the arc radius of the first outer surface of the first inner plate is 120-300mm. Since the first gas distribution piece is located in the shell of the reactor as a whole, the pressure it bears is only the pressure difference between the gas pressure entering the inner cavity of the first gas distribution piece and the pressure in the first catalyst cavity. This pressure difference is much less than the pressure on the shell. The thickness of the plate used to make the first gas distribution piece is controlled at 2-4mm. When rolling the first inner plate, it is more practical to control the arc radius of the first outer surface of the first inner plate, and the existing plate rolling equipment can be fully utilized. According to the diameter of the reactor, appropriate data can be selected within the above arc radius to obtain better reaction effect.

[0027] Specifically, the second air inlet portion is composed of a plurality of second air distribution members arranged around the central axis;

[0028] Each second air distribution member includes a second distribution tube extending in the vertical direction, the second distribution tube includes a second outer plate and a second inner plate connected to the second outer plate, a second air distribution cavity extending along the central axis is formed between the second outer plate and the second inner plate, the second outer plate faces the outer side in the radial direction, and the second inner plate faces the center direction of the shell;

[0029] A second air distribution hole is provided on the second inner plate, and the second air distribution hole penetrates both inner and outer sides of the second inner plate; the upper end of the second distribution cylinder has a second air inlet connected to the second air inlet cavity, and the lower end of the second distribution cylinder is a closed end; when viewed in the vertical direction, the cross section of the second inner plate is in the shape of an arc protruding toward the center of the shell;

[0030] The second gas distribution cavities of the plurality of second gas distribution members together form a gas distribution cavity.

[0031] After the second air inlet part is formed by the second air distribution piece, in the lower reaction part, when the gas enters the second catalyst chamber from the second air distribution piece to react, since the second inner plate of the second air distribution piece is in an arc shape, the gas discharged from each second air distribution piece is radially ejected outward, and the airflows discharged from two adjacent second air distribution pieces collide and mix, and then flow radially in the second catalyst chamber to react. Since the gas discharged from the second air distribution piece is first mixed with each other, the back mixing of the gas can be increased, the flow rate of the airflow can be reduced, the uniformity of the distribution of the gas in the second catalyst chamber can be improved, the reaction efficiency of the catalyst near the second air distribution piece area is improved, and while improving the reaction uniformity, the use efficiency of the catalyst is also improved.

[0032] In a reactor using a conventional gas distribution cylinder, when a radial flow from outside to inside is used, the temperature in the center of the catalyst chamber is 8-12°C higher than the temperature in the area close to the gas distribution cylinder. After using the gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference between the center of the second catalyst chamber and the area close to the second gas distribution member is reduced to 0.8-3°C. This is conducive to the uniform reaction in the reactor, improving the controllability of the reactor and improving the use efficiency of the reactor.

[0033] Furthermore, the first air collecting part includes a guide tube and an air collecting tube sleeved on the outside of the guide tube, a gas collecting cavity is formed between the guide tube and the guide tube, and a through-hole-shaped air collecting hole is opened on the guide tube; the inner cavity of the guide tube forms a first exhaust cavity, and a flow passage is provided between the air collecting cavity and the first exhaust cavity, and the flow passage is located at the top of the first air collecting part; a heat exchange tube is installed in the guide tube; the exhaust part is connected to the inner cavity of the guide tube; the inner cavity of the guide tube forms an exhaust cavity, and the air collecting hole, the air collecting cavity and the flow passage together form an air flow channel. No heat exchange tube or heat exchanger is provided in the first catalyst cavity and the second catalyst cavity.

[0034] When the reactor is working, the gas that has completed the reaction in the first catalyst chamber enters the gas collecting chamber through the gas collecting hole, enters the first exhaust chamber through the flow channel, and then enters the second air inlet chamber.

[0035] This structure is mainly used for raw gas with low reactive components. When the reactive components of the raw gas are low, the heat released during the reaction is less, and there is no need to set heat exchange tubes or heat exchange tubes in the first catalyst chamber and the second catalyst chamber. However, the reaction heat still needs to be removed from the reactor. On the one hand, it is to ensure that the reaction temperature in the reactor is within the set range, and on the other hand, it is also to recover the reaction heat and reduce waste. In the existing structure, when heat is transferred by heat exchange tubes, the heat exchange tubes generally pass through the catalyst cavity, and the catalyst is stacked around the heat exchange tubes. This structure in which the catalyst is stacked around the heat exchange tubes is conducive to quickly transferring the reaction heat out of the reactor to ensure that the temperature in the reactor is within the set range. This structure is more suitable for reactions with violent reactions and large heat release, but it shows certain disadvantages for reactions with less heat release. Since the heat exchange tubes will occupy a large amount of space in the reactor, and the diameter of the heat exchange tubes cannot be too small, if the diameter is too small, the flow rate of the refrigerant will be too high, requiring greater power consumption. After adopting the design of this application, the heat exchange tubes are arranged in the guide tube, and the gas exchanges heat through the heat exchange tubes during the process of passing through the guide tube, so that the temperature of the heat exchanger is within the set range. Since the heat exchange tubes are eliminated in the catalyst cavity, the diameter of the reactor can be reduced to reduce the manufacturing cost of the equipment. The heat exchange tubes can also be used to preheat the reactor when starting.

[0036] Specifically, an upper tube plate is sealed and installed on the top of the gas collecting cylinder, and there is a distance between the top of the guide cylinder and the upper tube plate, and the distance forms a flow passage connecting the first exhaust cavity of the gas collecting cavity;

[0037] A tube sheet head is installed on the upper side of the upper tube sheet, and a partition plate is arranged inside the tube sheet head, which divides the cavity formed between the tube sheet head and the upper tube sheet into a refrigerant inlet cavity and a refrigerant outlet cavity; both ends of the heat exchange tube respectively pass through the upper tube sheet and are connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity and the refrigerant outlet cavity, and a refrigerant inlet pipe connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity and a refrigerant outlet pipe connected to the refrigerant outlet cavity are installed on the top of the outer shell.

[0038] In this structure, the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange tube are all facing upward to avoid blocking the lower end of the guide tube, so that the gas entering the guide tube can be smoothly discharged from the lower end of the guide tube and enter the second air inlet cavity. If the heat exchange tube is extended from the lower end of the guide tube, it will not only interfere with the air flow entering the second air inlet cavity, but also cause confusion in the external pipe connection of the reactor because the heat exchange tube must extend from the straight tube part of the reactor.

[0039] Furthermore, a second catalyst discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the shell, a ball material area is set at the bottom of the lower reaction part, and the second catalyst cavity is formed on the upper side of the ball material area, and ceramic balls are filled in the ball material area; after the second catalyst discharge pipe passes through the ball material area upward, it is connected to the second catalyst cavity and is used to unload the catalyst in the second catalyst cavity.

[0040] After the ball material area is arranged at the bottom of the shell, it is possible to avoid setting up a catalyst support plate, thereby simplifying the structure of the equipment.

[0041] Furthermore, a connecting ring is installed at the outer end of the air inlet pipe, and an air flow dispersion part is installed on the inner side of the connecting ring;

[0042] The airflow dispersion part includes an airflow tube, one end of which is fixedly connected to a connecting ring, and the other end of which extends downward in a vertical direction. A plurality of guide rods are connected to the lower end of the airflow tube, and the guide rods extend in a vertical direction and are arranged at intervals around the lower end of the airflow tube; a plurality of guide rings are connected to the guide rods at intervals in an up-and-down direction, so that the guide rods and the guide rings form a grid-like grille cage, and at least part of the grille cage extends downward beyond the lower end surface of the air inlet pipe; a guide plate is installed at the lower end of the guide rod, and the guide plate is in the shape of an arc protruding upward.

[0043] When the raw gas enters the first air inlet cavity from the air inlet pipe, the raw gas diffuses to the surroundings through the grille cage under the action of the guide plate and enters the first air distribution part. The guide plate avoids the impact of the raw gas on the middle parts of the equipment and can reduce the pressure loss caused by the generation of vortex when the raw gas enters the first air inlet cavity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of E1.

[0046] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure on the lower side of E2.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a simplified structural diagram of an embodiment of an air distribution member.

[0048] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The front view of the accompanying drawing is shown.

[0049] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Top view of the .

[0050] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Center AA view.

[0051] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the second structure of the air distribution piece.

[0052] Fig. 9 This is a partial view of the inner panel.

[0053] Fig.10 It is a simplified diagram for explaining the circumferential direction.

[0054] Fig.11 yes Figure 2 View from the center BB direction.

[0055] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Magnified view of part C.

[0056] Fig.13 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part F.

[0057] Fig.14 It is a layout diagram of temperature measurement points in a first catalyst chamber using a first gas distribution member.

[0058] Fig.15 yes Fig.14 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the temperature measurement points in the first catalyst chamber after the first gas distribution member is replaced. FIG.

[0059] Fig.16 It is a layout diagram of the temperature measurement points in the second catalyst chamber using the second gas distribution member.

[0060] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 Layout diagram of the temperature measurement points in the second catalyst chamber after the second gas distribution member is replaced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 A reactor comprises a shell 1010 having a central axis 400 extending in a vertical direction, the shell 1010 comprises a straight cylinder portion 1011 extending in the vertical direction, an upper head 1012 installed at the top end of the straight cylinder portion 1011, and a lower head 1013 installed at the bottom end of the straight cylinder portion 1011, wherein the upper head and the lower head are both spherical heads.

[0062] A butterfly head 431 is provided in the housing 1010. The butterfly head 431 is located in the middle of the straight cylinder 1011 and protrudes downward. The butterfly head 431 divides the inner cavity of the housing 1010 into an upper reaction part 1100 and a lower reaction part 1200 along the vertical direction, wherein the upper reaction part 1100 is located above the lower reaction part 1200. The butterfly head is formed as a partition head. It can be understood that in other embodiments, a spherical head, an elliptical head or the like can also be used as a partition head.

[0063] A first air inlet portion 410 is arranged in the upper reaction portion 1100, and the first air inlet portion 410 is composed of a plurality of first air distribution parts 100 arranged around the central axis 400; a first air collecting portion 440 extending in a vertical direction is arranged in the central portion of the upper reaction portion, and a first catalyst chamber is formed between the first air inlet portion 410 and the first air collecting portion 440, and a first catalyst cover plate 418 is arranged on the top of the first catalyst chamber, and a first air inlet chamber 315 is formed between the first catalyst cover plate 418 and the top of the outer shell.

[0064] The structure of the first air distribution member 100 is first described below. Figure 4-Figure 7 .

[0065] In this embodiment, the first air distribution member 100 has a first distribution tube 10 extending in the vertical direction, and the first distribution tube 10 includes a first outer plate 12 and a first inner plate 11 connected to the first outer plate 12. The first outer plate 12 and the first inner plate 11 both extend in the vertical direction, and a first air distribution cavity 105 extending in the central axis direction is formed between the first outer plate 12 and the first inner plate 11. The first outer plate faces the outside in the radial direction, and the first inner plate faces the center direction of the shell.

[0066] A first air distribution hole is provided on the first inner plate 11 , and the first air distribution hole runs through both inner and outer sides of the inner plate.

[0067] A lower end plate 21 is installed at the lower end of the first distribution cylinder 10, and the lower end plate 21 closes the lower end of the first distribution cylinder, so that the lower end of the first distribution cylinder 10 is formed as a closed end 103. The upper end of the first distribution cylinder is an air inlet end 104, and the first air distribution cavity 105 has a first air inlet port penetrating the end face of the air inlet end.

[0068] Observed along the vertical direction, the cross section of the first inner plate 11 is in the shape of an arc protruding toward the center of the housing, and the outer surface of the first inner plate 11 is referred to as a first outer surface 110. In this embodiment, the arc radius of the first outer surface 110 is 150 mm, and it can be understood that in other embodiments, the arc radius of the first outer surface 110 can also be 120 mm, 180 mm, 250 mm or 300 mm.

[0069] See also Fig. 9 The first inner plate 11 has a plurality of guide holes 62 formed by stamping; each guide hole 62 has a guide plate 111 corresponding to the guide hole 62. The guide plate 111 extends in a vertical direction and is a strip-shaped plate stamped out of the corresponding guide hole 62 with both ends connected to the inner plate.

[0070] The guide plate 111 has an air guide portion 630, which protrudes from the first outer surface 110 and is parallel to the first outer surface 110. In the thickness direction of the first inner plate 11, there is a distance between the air guide portion 630 and the first outer surface 110, so that an air outlet 621 connected to the guide hole 62 is formed between the air guide portion 630 and the first outer surface 110, and the guide hole 62 and the air outlet 621 together form a first air distribution hole.

[0071] Specifically in this embodiment, the two opposite ends of the guide plate each form a connection end connected to the first inner plate, specifically a first connection end 631 and a second connection end 636, wherein the first connection end 631 is connected to the air guide portion 630 via a first inclined plate 632, and the second connection end 636 is connected to the air guide portion 630 via a second inclined plate 637. The first inclined plate 632 and the second inclined plate 637 are both inclined toward the center of the guide hole 62 and connected to the air guide portion 630 in an arc shape, so as to reduce the bending degree of the guide plate during stamping, reduce the internal stress of the guide plate, and ensure the strength of the guide plate.

[0072] In this embodiment, both opposite ends of the guide plate are connected to the first inner plate 11 . It can be understood that in other embodiments, only one end of the guide plate may be connected to the first inner plate.

[0073] In the thickness direction of the first inner plate, the projection of the bending sheet covers the punched guide holes, so that the flow direction of the gas flowing out of the guide holes can be completely changed, avoiding direct ejection of part of the gas along the radial direction of the inner plate.

[0074] The first outer plate 12 includes an arc plate 121, and a side panel 122 is connected to each of the two ends of the arc plate 121 in the circumferential direction. Both side panels 122 extend toward the first inner plate, and the two ends of the first inner plate 11 in the circumferential direction are respectively connected to a side panel 122.

[0075] When viewed along the central axis, the first outer plate 12 is in the shape of a groove with its opening facing the first inner plate, and the cross section of the arc plate 121 is in the shape of an arc protruding in the direction away from the first inner plate 11, and the arc plate is arranged opposite to the first inner plate. The arc plate is the middle plate, that is, the middle plate is in the shape of an arc protruding in the direction away from the first inner plate.

[0076] It can be understood that in other embodiments, the middle plate can also be in a straight line shape, see Figure 8 , Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the first air distribution member when the middle plate is in a straight line. Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the middle plate is a straight plate 9121 in a straight line shape, and a side panel D9122 is connected to each of the opposite ends of the straight plate 9121. The side panel D9122 is in an arc shape, and the two ends of the inner side panel D911 in the circumferential direction respectively abut against the inner side of the side panel D9122, and the two ends of the inner side panel D911 in the circumferential direction are respectively welded to the side panel D9122. The straight plate 9121 and the side panel D9122 together constitute the outer side panel D912, and when viewed in the vertical direction, the outer side panel D912 is in a groove shape with an opening facing the inner side panel D911. The outer side panel D912 is formed by bending a whole plate.

[0077] In this application, the circumferential direction of the arc plate refers to the direction in which the arc plate 121 extends along the circumferential direction. Fig.10 , the direction of the first arrow marked P is the direction in which the arc plate 121 extends along the circumferential direction, and the two ends of the arc plate 121 in the circumferential direction are the two ends of the arc plate 121 extending along the first arrow P. Fig.10 In the figure, the direction of the second arrow marked S is the direction in which the first inner plate 11 extends in the circumferential direction, and the two ends of the first inner plate 11 in the circumferential direction are the two ends of the first inner plate 11 extending along the second arrow S.

[0078] In this embodiment, for the convenience of installation, the first distribution tube 10 has a necking portion 18, which includes an inner panel 115 and an outer panel 15 connected to the inner panel 115, wherein the inner panel 115 is formed by extending the first inner side panel 11 in the vertical direction away from the lower end plate 21, and the width of the inner panel 115 is narrower than the width of the first inner side panel 11. The outer panel 15 is a groove-shaped plate, which includes a straight plate 151 and side vertical plates 152 connected to opposite ends of the straight plate 151, and the two ends of the inner panel 115 in the circumferential direction are respectively connected to the side vertical plates 152, wherein the outer panel 15 is formed by bending a whole plate.

[0079] In the radial direction, the outer panel 15 is closer to the first inner panel 11 than the first outer panel 12, so that a gap is formed between the outer panel 15 and the first outer panel 12, and the upper end plate 13 is sealed between the first outer panel 12 and the outer panel 15 to close the gap. The neck portion in this embodiment is also formed as the air inlet end 104.

[0080] The outer panel 15 can be regarded as formed by the first outer panel 12 being retracted toward the first inner panel, that is, the part of the first outer panel of the first distribution tube located at the air inlet end is retracted toward the first inner panel, so that the air inlet end of the first distribution tube is formed into a neck portion.

[0081] The necking portion is provided to facilitate the installation of the gas distribution piece and the installation of the reactor using the gas distribution piece. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the necking portion can be eliminated according to different reactor structures.

[0082] See also Fig.13 A mounting hole 4181 is provided on the first catalyst cover plate 418 corresponding to each first air distribution member 100, and a first support plate 419 is provided on the lower side of the first catalyst cover plate 418. The first support plate 419 is annular and horizontally installed on the upper side of the butterfly head 431 and is adjacent to the butterfly head 431. The first air distribution member 100 is supported on the first support plate, and the air inlet end 104 faces upward and is clamped in the mounting hole 4181, so that the first air inlet is connected to the first air inlet cavity.

[0083] In this embodiment, before installing the first gas distributing member 100 , the first supporting plate 419 and the first catalyst cover plate 418 are first installed in the upper reaction part 1100 , and then the first gas distributing member 100 is installed.

[0084] When installing the first air distribution piece 100, the neck portion 18 of the first air distribution piece is inserted into the installation hole from bottom to top along an inclined direction, and the first air distribution piece is pushed upward to form a gap between the first air distribution piece and the first support plate, and then the closed end 103 of the first air distribution piece is pushed toward the outer shell to make the first air distribution piece upright and supported on the first support plate, and then the first air distribution piece is fixed.

[0085] After the first air distribution member is installed in place, there is a side gap 319 between the outer panel 15 and the straight tube portion 1011, and the edge portion 4182 of the installation hole can be inserted into the side gap 319, so that the first catalyst cover plate 418 can be connected to the housing through the side gap 319. In this embodiment, the first outer side plate 12 of each first air distribution member abuts against the straight tube portion of the housing. Figure 11-13 In the figure, for clarity, there is a gap between the first outer plate 12 of each first air distribution member and the straight tube portion of the outer shell.

[0086] In this embodiment, the radius D2 of the outer side of the arc plate of the first gas distribution member is the same as the radius D1 of the inner wall of the straight tube portion. It can be understood that in other embodiments, D1 may be greater than D2, for example, the difference between the radius D2 of the outer side of the arc plate of the first gas distribution member and the radius D1 of the inner wall of the straight tube portion may be 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm or 10 mm. That is, the maximum distance between the intermediate plate and the inner wall of the shell of the reactor on which the gas distribution member is installed is ≤10 mm.

[0087] When the middle plate is a straight plate 9121, a gap having a substantially arcuate cross-section is formed between the straight plate 9121 and the inner wall of the straight tube portion, and the maximum distance between the straight plate 9121 and the inner wall of the straight tube portion is ≤10 mm.

[0088] The first air collecting part 440 extends in the vertical direction and is installed in the central part of the shell. The first air collecting part 440 includes a guide tube 442 and an air collecting tube 441 sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 442. The guide tube 442, the air collecting tube 441 and the straight tube part are coaxially arranged, and an air collecting cavity 443 is formed between the air collecting tube and the guide tube. The lower ends of the guide tube and the air collecting tube are both installed on the butterfly head 431. The butterfly head 431 closes the lower end of the air collecting cavity 443. A through hole 432 is opened in the central part of the butterfly head 431, and the through hole forms an exhaust part.

[0089] The upper end of the gas collecting cylinder 441 is sealed and connected to the outer edge of the upper tube plate 422 through a ring plate 445, and the upper end of the guide cylinder 442 is supported on the inner wall of the gas collecting cylinder through the support ear 446, so that the upper part of the gas collecting part is located in the reaction chamber. The top surface of the guide cylinder 442 is lower than the top surface of the gas collecting cylinder 441, so that there is a distance between the top of the guide cylinder 442 and the upper tube plate 422, and the distance forms a flow passage 444 connecting the gas collecting cavity and the inner cavity of the guide cylinder. A gas collecting hole in the shape of a through hole is opened on the gas collecting cylinder, and the gas collecting hole is not shown in the figure. The inner cavity of the guide cylinder 442 forms a first exhaust cavity, and the gas collecting hole, the gas collecting cavity and the flow passage together form an air flow channel.

[0090] Heat exchange tubes 420 are installed in the guide tube 442. A tube sheet head 423 is installed on the upper side of the upper tube sheet 422. A partition plate 424 is welded in the tube sheet head 423 along the vertical direction. The partition plate divides the cavity formed between the tube sheet head and the upper tube sheet into a refrigerant inlet cavity 425 and a refrigerant outlet cavity 426. The refrigerant inlet pipe 427 is connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity 425, and the refrigerant outlet pipe 428 is connected to the refrigerant outlet cavity 426.

[0091] The heat exchange tube 430 is a U-shaped tube, one end of which is connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity 425 via the upper tube plate, and the other end of which is connected to the refrigerant outlet cavity 426 via the upper tube plate.

[0092] A second air inlet portion 510 is disposed in the lower reaction portion, and the second air inlet portion is composed of a plurality of second air distribution members disposed around the central axis.

[0093] Each second air distribution component includes a second distribution tube extending in the vertical direction, the second distribution tube includes a second outer plate and a second inner plate connected to the second outer plate, and a second air distribution cavity extending along the central axis is formed between the second outer plate and the second inner plate, the second outer plate faces outward in the radial direction, and the second inner plate faces the center direction of the outer shell.

[0094] The second inner plate is provided with a second air distribution hole, which penetrates both inner and outer sides of the second inner plate; the upper end of the second distribution tube has a second air inlet connected to the second air inlet cavity, and the lower end of the second distribution tube is a closed end; when viewed in the vertical direction, the cross section of the second inner plate is in the shape of an arc protruding toward the center of the shell. The second air inlet cavities of all the second air distribution members together form a gas distribution cavity.

[0095] In this embodiment, the second air distributing member has the same structure as the first air distributing member. Please refer to the specific structure of the first air distributing member mentioned above for details, which will not be described in detail.

[0096] A second gas collecting portion 520 extending in a vertical direction is provided in the center of the lower reaction portion 1200, a second catalyst chamber is formed between the second gas inlet portion 510 and the second gas collecting portion 520, a second catalyst cover plate 518 is provided on the top of the second catalyst chamber, and a second gas inlet chamber 316 is formed between the second catalyst cover plate 518 and the butterfly head 431.

[0097] Since the second air inlet cavity 316 is formed between the butterfly head 43 and the second catalyst cover plate 518 , the exhaust part can be connected to the second air inlet cavity.

[0098] A mounting hole is provided on the second catalyst cover plate corresponding to each second air distribution member, and a second support plate 519 is provided on the lower side of the second catalyst cover plate 518. The second support plate 519 is annular and horizontally installed on the inner side of the upper edge of the lower head 1013.

[0099] The second air distribution member is supported on the second support plate, and the upper end of the second distribution tube is inserted into the corresponding mounting hole, so that the second air inlet is connected to the second air inlet cavity. The installation method of the second air distribution member is similar to that of the first air distribution member, and the installation method of the first air distribution member can be specifically adopted, which will not be repeated.

[0100] A first catalyst discharge pipe 433 is installed on the butterfly head 43, one end of which is connected to the first catalyst chamber, and the other end of which is bent outwardly into a horizontal shape, and then passes through the straight tube portion corresponding to the second air inlet chamber 316 to form a first discharge port 434. A first blind plate 435 is installed on the first discharge port 343. A manhole 1014 is installed on the straight tube portion corresponding to the second air inlet chamber 316.

[0101] The second gas collecting part 520 is a straight tube extending in the vertical direction, and a connecting hole is opened on the straight tube. The inner cavity of the straight tube forms a second exhaust cavity 521, and the connecting hole connects the second catalyst cavity and the second exhaust cavity. An exhaust pipe 522 is installed on the lower head 1013, and the exhaust pipe 522 connects the second exhaust cavity 521.

[0102] The top of the straight tube is closed and connected to the second catalyst cover plate.

[0103] In the housing, the space below the plane where the second support plate is located is formed as a ball material area 1021, that is, a ball material area is provided at the bottom of the lower reaction part, and the upper side of the ball material area is formed with the second catalyst chamber. Ceramic balls 1025 are filled in the ball material area 1021, and only some of the ceramic balls are shown as examples in the attached drawings.

[0104] A second catalyst discharge pipe 533 is installed at the bottom of the lower head. The catalyst inlet 531 of the second catalyst discharge pipe 533 passes upward through the ball material area and is connected to the second catalyst cavity for discharging the catalyst in the second catalyst cavity. A second blind plate 535 is installed at the second discharge port 534 of the second catalyst discharge pipe 533.

[0105] It is understandable that in other embodiments, the ceramic balls in the ball material area can be eliminated and the catalyst can be directly loaded. This does not affect the use of the reactor, but only causes a lower utilization rate of some catalysts.

[0106] In order to improve the uniform flow of the raw gas to the surroundings and enter the first gas distribution member after entering the first gas inlet cavity 315, in this embodiment, the gas inlet pipe 451 is installed on the top of the upper head 1012, and a connecting ring 452 is installed on the gas inlet pipe. The connecting ring 452 is a flange. The diameter of the central hole of the flange is smaller than the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipe, so that the inner side of the flange facing the gas inlet pipe exceeds the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipe in the center direction.

[0107] An airflow dispersion part 453 is installed on the inner side of the connecting ring, and the airflow dispersion part 453 includes an airflow tube 454, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the connecting ring, and the other end of the airflow tube extends downward in the vertical direction. A plurality of guide rods 455 are connected to the lower end of the airflow tube, and the guide rods extend in the vertical direction and are arranged at intervals around the lower end of the airflow tube; a plurality of guide rings 456 are connected to the guide rods at intervals in the up and down directions, so that the guide rods and the guide rings become a grid-like grille cage, and the grille cage exceeds the lower end surface of the air intake pipe downward; a guide plate 457 is installed at the lower end of the guide rod 455, and the guide plate is in the shape of an arc protruding upward.

[0108] When the reactor is working, the raw gas enters the first air inlet chamber through the air inlet pipe, and then enters the first catalyst chamber through the first air distribution parts to react and form a preliminary reaction gas. The preliminary reaction gas enters the second air inlet chamber 316 through the first air collecting part 440, and then enters the second catalyst chamber through the second air distribution parts to react. The gas that has completed the reaction is discharged from the reactor through the second exhaust chamber 521 and enters the next process.

[0109] In order to facilitate the detection of the effect of the present application, a temperature measurement point is set in the reactor in this embodiment, please refer to Fig.14 , 4 circles of temperature measurement points are arranged around the first gas collecting part 440 in the first catalyst chamber, which are respectively called the first circle measurement point W, the second circle measurement point W, the third circle measurement point W, and the fourth circle measurement point W from the inside to the outside, and 6 measurement points are arranged in each circle of measurement points, for a total of 24 measurement points. The inner diameter of the reactor in this embodiment is 4.2 meters, the volume of the inlet shift gas is 240,000 cubic meters / hour (dry basis), and the dry basis volume ratio of CO in the inlet shift gas is 8%. The test data are listed in Table 1.

[0110] See also Fig.15 Then, the first gas distribution member 100 in the reactor is replaced with a conventional first gas distribution cylinder 800. The first gas distribution cylinder 800 is a straight cylinder and has a through hole for gas distribution. Other conditions remain unchanged. Fig.15 In the process, the four temperature measurement points are called the first measurement point V, the second measurement point V, the third measurement point V, and the fourth measurement point V from the inside to the outside, and the temperature is tested again. The test data are listed in Table 1.

[0111] Table 1 Unit: ℃

[0112] serial number 1# 2# 3# 4# CV value (%) Data A 239.6 239.3 240.8 240.4 0.69 Data B 228.5 232.8 241.5 239.7 6.05

[0113] In Table 1, data A is the detection data of the reaction carried out using the reactor in this embodiment, and data B is the detection data after the first gas distribution member 100 in the reactor is replaced with a conventional first gas distribution cylinder 800. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first catalyst chamber is the same, and the position of the temperature measurement point is the same.

[0114] In data A, data #1 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the first circle measurement point W marked as 811, data #2 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the second circle measurement point W marked as 812, data #3 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the third circle measurement point W marked as 813, and data #4 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the fourth circle measurement point W marked as 814.

[0115] In data B, data #1 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the first circle measurement point V marked as 821, data #2 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the second circle measurement point V marked as 822, data #3 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the third circle measurement point V marked as 823, and data #4 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the fourth circle measurement point V marked as 824.

[0116] It can be seen from Table 1 that after using the first gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference of the first catalyst chamber area is 1.5°C, and the CV value of the temperature is 0.69%. After replacing with the conventional gas distribution cylinder 800, the temperature difference of the first catalyst chamber is 13°C, and the CV value of the temperature is 6.05%. After using the first gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference and the CV value of the temperature of the first catalyst chamber are greatly reduced, making the reaction temperature in the first catalyst chamber more uniform.

[0117] See also Fig.16, 4 circles of temperature measurement points are set around the second gas collecting part 520 in the second catalyst chamber, which are respectively called the first circle measurement point X, the second circle measurement point X, the third circle measurement point X, and the fourth circle measurement point X from the inside to the outside, and each circle of measurement points has 6 measurement points, for a total of 24 measurement points. The test data are listed in Table 2.

[0118] See also Fig.17 Then, the second gas distribution member in the reactor is replaced with a conventional second gas distribution cylinder 900. The second gas distribution cylinder 900 is a straight cylinder and has a through hole for gas distribution. Other conditions remain unchanged. Fig.17 In the process, the four temperature measurement points are called the first measurement point Y, the second measurement point Y, the third measurement point Y, and the fourth measurement point Y from the inside to the outside, and the temperature is tested again. The test data are listed in Table 2.

[0119] Table 2 Unit: ℃

[0120] serial number 1# 2# 3# 4# CV value (%) Data C 215.5 215.9 216.6 216.9 0.64 Data D 214.4 217.6 224.3 223.2 4.68

[0121] The temperature difference of the second catalyst chamber is 1.4°C. After replacing with the conventional air distribution cylinder 900, the temperature difference of the second catalyst chamber is 9.9°C.

[0122] In Table 2, data C is the detection data of the reaction carried out using the reactor in this embodiment, and data D is the detection data after the second gas distribution member in the reactor is replaced with a conventional second gas distribution cylinder 900. The cross-sectional area of ​​the second catalyst chamber is the same, and the position of the temperature measurement point is the same.

[0123] In data C, data #1 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the first circle measurement point X marked as 831, data #2 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the second circle measurement point X marked as 832, data #3 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the third circle measurement point X marked as 833, and data #4 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the fourth circle measurement point X marked as 834.

[0124] In data D, data #1 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the first circle of measurement point Y marked as 841, data #2 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the second circle of measurement point Y marked as 842, data #3 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the third circle of measurement point Y marked as 843, and data #4 is the average temperature of the six measurement points of the fourth circle of measurement point Y marked as 844.

[0125] It can be seen from Table 2 that after using the second gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference in the second catalyst chamber is 1.4°C, and the CV value of the temperature is 0.64%. After replacing with the conventional gas distribution cylinder 900, the temperature difference in the second catalyst chamber is 9.9°C, and the CV value of the temperature is 4.68%. After using the second gas distribution member in the present application, the temperature difference and the CV value of the temperature in the second catalyst chamber are greatly reduced, making the reaction temperature in the second catalyst chamber more uniform.

Claims

1. A reactor, characterized in that: It comprises an outer shell, which has a central axis extending in a vertical direction, and a partition head is arranged in the outer shell, and the partition head divides the inner cavity of the outer shell into an upper reaction part and a lower reaction part in the up-down direction, wherein the upper reaction part is located above the lower reaction part; a first air inlet part is arranged in the upper reaction part, and the first air inlet part is composed of a plurality of first air distribution parts arranged around the central axis; a first air collecting part extending in the vertical direction is arranged in the central part of the upper reaction part, and a first catalyst chamber is formed between the first air inlet part and the first air collecting part, and a first catalyst cover plate is arranged on the top of the first catalyst chamber, and a first air inlet chamber is formed between the first catalyst cover plate and the top of the outer shell; each first air distribution part comprises a first distribution tube extending in the vertical direction, and the first distribution tube comprises a first outer plate and a first inner plate connected to the first outer plate, and a first air distribution chamber extending in the direction of the central axis is formed between the first outer plate and the first inner plate, and the first outer plate faces the outer side in the radial direction, and the first inner plate faces the central direction of the outer shell; A first air distribution hole is provided on the first inner plate, and the first air distribution hole runs through both inner and outer sides of the first inner plate; the upper end of the first distribution tube has a first air inlet connected to the first air inlet chamber, and the lower end of the first distribution tube is a closed end; observed in the vertical direction, the cross-section of the first inner plate is in the shape of an arc protruding toward the center of the shell; the outer surface of the first inner plate is called the first outer surface; the first air collecting part has a first exhaust chamber, and an air flow channel connecting the first catalyst chamber and the first exhaust chamber is provided on the first air collecting part; an air inlet pipe connected to the first air inlet chamber is provided on the shell, and an exhaust part connected to the first exhaust chamber is provided on the partition head; A second air inlet is arranged in the lower reaction part, and the second air inlet is arranged around the central axis. A second air collecting part extending in the vertical direction is arranged in the central part of the lower reaction part. A second catalyst chamber is formed between the second air inlet and the second air collecting part. A second catalyst cover is arranged on the top of the second catalyst chamber, and a second air inlet chamber is formed between the second catalyst cover and the partition plate cover. The exhaust part is connected to the second air inlet chamber. A gas distribution chamber connected to the second catalyst chamber and the second air inlet chamber is arranged on the second air inlet. The second air collecting part has a second exhaust chamber, and a connecting hole connected to the second catalyst chamber and the second exhaust chamber is arranged on the second air collecting part. An exhaust pipe connected to the second exhaust chamber is arranged on the outer shell. The first inner plate is provided with a plurality of guide holes formed by stamping; a guide plate is provided corresponding to each guide hole, and the guide plate is a strip-shaped plate stamped out by the corresponding guide hole and at least one end of which is connected to the first inner plate; the guide plate has an air guide portion, and the air guide portion protrudes from the first outer surface; in the thickness direction of the first inner plate, there is a distance between the air guide portion and the first outer surface, so that an air outlet connected to the guide hole is formed between the air guide portion and the first outer surface, and the guide hole and the connected air outlet together form a first air distribution hole; The first outer side plate comprises a middle plate and side panels connected to both ends of the middle plate in a horizontal direction. When viewed along the central axis, the first outer side plate is in a groove shape with an opening toward the first inner side plate, and the cross section of the middle plate is in a straight line shape or an arc shape protruding in a direction away from the first inner side plate. The middle plate is arranged opposite to the first inner side plate, and both ends of the first inner side plate in a circumferential direction are respectively connected to a side panel. The first air collecting part includes a guide tube and an air collecting tube sleeved on the outside of the guide tube, a gas collecting cavity is formed between the air collecting tube and the guide tube, and a through-hole-shaped air collecting hole is opened on the air collecting tube; the inner cavity of the guide tube forms a first exhaust cavity, and a flow passage is provided between the air collecting cavity and the first exhaust cavity, and the flow passage is located at the top of the first air collecting part; a heat exchange pipe is installed in the guide tube; the exhaust part is connected to the inner cavity of the guide tube; the inner cavity of the guide tube forms an exhaust cavity, and the air collecting hole, the air collecting cavity and the flow passage together form an air flow channel; An upper tube sheet is sealably installed on the top of the gas collecting cylinder, and there is a distance between the top of the guide cylinder and the upper tube sheet, which forms a flow channel connected to the first exhaust chamber of the gas collecting chamber; a tube sheet head is installed on the upper side surface of the upper tube sheet, and a partition plate is arranged in the tube sheet head, which divides the cavity formed between the tube sheet head and the upper tube sheet into a refrigerant inlet cavity and a refrigerant outlet cavity; both ends of the heat exchange tube respectively pass through the upper tube sheet and are connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity and the refrigerant outlet cavity, and a refrigerant inlet pipe connected to the refrigerant inlet cavity and a refrigerant outlet pipe connected to the refrigerant outlet cavity are installed on the top of the outer shell.

2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The maximum distance between the middle plate and the inner wall of the first cylinder is ≤10 mm.

3. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The arc radius of the first outer surface of the first inner plate is 120-300 mm.

4. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that The second air inlet portion is composed of a plurality of second air distribution parts arranged around the central axis; each second air distribution part includes a second distribution tube extending in the vertical direction, the second distribution tube includes a second outer plate and a second inner plate connected to the second outer plate, and a second air distribution cavity extending in the direction of the central axis is formed between the second outer plate and the second inner plate, the second outer plate faces outward in the radial direction, and the second inner plate faces the center direction of the outer shell; a second air distribution hole is provided on the second inner plate, and the second air distribution hole passes through the inner and outer sides of the second inner plate; the upper end of the second distribution tube has a second air inlet port connected to the second air inlet cavity, and the lower end of the second distribution tube is a closed end; observed in the vertical direction, the cross-section of the second inner plate is an arc-shaped protruding toward the center direction of the outer shell; the second air distribution cavities of a plurality of second air distribution parts together form a gas distribution cavity.

5. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that A second catalyst discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the shell, a ball material area is set at the bottom of the lower reaction part, and the second catalyst cavity is formed on the upper side of the ball material area, and ceramic balls are filled in the ball material area; after the second catalyst discharge pipe passes through the ball material area upward, it is connected to the second catalyst cavity and is used to unload the catalyst in the second catalyst cavity.

6. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that A connecting ring is installed at the outer end of the air intake pipe, and an air flow dispersion part is installed on the inner side of the connecting ring; the air flow dispersion part includes an air flow tube, one end of the air flow tube is fixedly connected to the connecting ring, and the other end of the air flow tube extends downward in the vertical direction. A plurality of guide rods are connected to the lower end of the air flow tube, and the guide rods extend in the vertical direction and are arranged at intervals around the lower end of the air flow tube; a plurality of guide rings are connected to the guide rods at intervals in the up and down directions, so that the guide rods and the guide rings form a grid-like grille cage, and at least part of the grille cage exceeds the lower end surface of the air intake pipe downward; a guide plate is installed at the lower end of the guide rod, and the guide plate is in the shape of an arc protruding upward.

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