A biomass negative carbon emission power generation system and working method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system and a working method thereof, comprising: a biomass power generation unit; a flue gas outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to an inlet of a flue gas pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit is connected to a CO2 inlet of a carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; a wastewater outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to an inlet of a water pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the water pretreatment unit is connected to a water inlet of an electrolytic hydrogen production unit; a hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to an inlet of a hydrogen collection unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen collection unit is connected to a hydrogen inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; the above system can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which not only improves biomass utilization, and the generated products have higher economic value, but also achieves negative CO2 emissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of chemical technology, and in particular to a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy and the increasing environmental pollution, biomass has gradually become one of the most promising renewable energy sources. The research, development and application of biomass energy and petroleum substitutes are effective ways to ensure energy supply, reduce dependence on fossil energy and solve future energy problems. This paper reviews the current biomass energy conversion and utilization technologies at home and abroad, mainly including direct combustion technology, biochemical conversion technology (fermentation and anaerobic digestion), thermochemical conversion technology (gasification, pyrolysis), liquefaction technology, compact molding technology, supercritical fluid conversion technology, etc.; it introduces the application of biomass conversion technology, including biomass gasification power generation, gasification hydrogen production, thermal cracking hydrogen production, fermentation to produce fuel ethanol, thermal cracking to produce bio-oil, solidification molding to produce solid fuels, composting fermentation to produce fertilizers, anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, catalytic cracking to produce biofuels, etc. The development of biomass energy utilization technology in the future is prospected. Among them, direct combustion power generation is a common way to utilize biomass energy. However, since the flue gas generated during the direct combustion of biomass contains a large amount of polluting particles, the large-scale application of direct combustion power generation technology is restricted. Therefore, the development of economical and effective flue gas purification technology can greatly promote the development of direct combustion of biomass. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, thereby providing a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system and a working method thereof, which effectively utilizes energy in the process, saves energy, and achieves negative carbon dioxide emissions.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, comprising:

[0006] Biomass power generation unit;

[0007] The flue gas outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit is connected to the CO2 inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit;

[0008] The wastewater outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the water pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the water pretreatment unit is connected to the water inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit; the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen collection unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen collection unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit.

[0009] Optionally, the product outlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit is connected to a carbon nanotube refining unit.

[0010] Optionally, the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the oxygen collection unit, and the outlet of the oxygen collection unit is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass unit.

[0011] Optionally, the biomass power generation unit is connected to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit via a power transmission line.

[0012] Optionally, control valves are provided on the connecting pipelines between the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, the flue gas pretreatment unit and the hydrogen collection unit.

[0013] Optionally, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water pretreatment unit and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit and the biomass power generation unit.

[0014] Optionally, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the carbon nanotube refining unit and the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit.

[0015] Optionally, an air separation unit is also included, and the air separation unit is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass power generation unit.

[0016] Optionally, the outlet of the water pretreatment unit is connected to the water inlet in the biomass power generation unit.

[0017] A working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system includes: a biomass power generation unit performs biomass power generation to generate electrical energy;

[0018] The flue gas generated by the biomass power generation unit enters the flue gas pretreatment unit for treatment and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, where carbon nanotubes are prepared by an electrochemical method;

[0019] The wastewater generated by the biomass power generation unit is treated by the water pretreatment unit and then enters the electrolytic hydrogen production unit. The hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is collected by the hydrogen collection unit and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube production unit, where carbon nanotubes are prepared by an electrochemical method.

[0020] Optionally, the product obtained from the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit enters a carbon nanotube refining unit for refining.

[0021] Optionally, the oxygen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is collected by an oxygen collection unit and then enters the biomass unit.

[0022] Optionally, the electric energy generated by the biomass power generation unit is provided to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit through a transmission line.

[0023] Optionally, the oxygen separated by the air separation unit enters the biomass power generation unit for biomass power generation.

[0024] Optionally, the circulating water generated by the water pretreatment unit enters the biomass power generation unit, thereby realizing the recycling of wastewater.

[0025] Optionally, the oxygen content in the reaction atmosphere in the biomass power generation unit is 0.5 v / v%-5 v / v%.

[0026] Optionally, the molar ratio of raw gas H2:CO2 in the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit is 2.15 to 5.27.

[0027] The broad concept of biomass in the present invention: biomass includes all plants, microorganisms, animals that feed on plants and microorganisms, and the wastes they produce. Representative biomass includes crops, crop waste, wood, wood waste, and animal manure. Narrow concept: biomass mainly refers to materials such as straw, trees, and other wood cellulose (referred to as lignin) other than grain and fruit in the agricultural and forestry production process, waste materials from the agricultural and forestry processing industry, and livestock manure and wastes in the animal husbandry production process.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. The present invention provides a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, comprising: a biomass power generation unit; the flue gas outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit is connected to the CO2 inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; the wastewater outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the water pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the water pretreatment unit is connected to the water inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit; the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen collection unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen collection unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; the present invention finds that the content of non-metals such as sulfur and nitrogen in biomass is low, and the sulfur-containing compounds, There are fewer nitrogen oxides, and the flue gas generated by biomass power generation can be directly used for the electrochemical preparation of carbon nanotubes after pretreatment, without the need for carbon dioxide capture, thereby proposing a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system of the present invention. In the system, the flue gas generated by the biomass power generation unit enters the flue gas pretreatment unit for treatment and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit for electrochemical preparation of carbon nanotubes, and the waste water of the biomass power generation unit is pretreated and then electrolyzed to produce hydrogen, and the hydrogen obtained is sent to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit for electrochemical preparation of carbon nanotubes. The above system can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which not only improves the utilization rate of biomass, the generated products have higher economic value, but also achieves negative CO2 emissions.

[0030] 2. The present invention provides a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, in which the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the oxygen collection unit, and the outlet of the oxygen collection unit is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass unit, so as to realize the full component utilization of biomass.

[0031] 3. The present invention provides a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, in which control valves are provided on the connecting pipelines between the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit and the flue gas pretreatment unit and the hydrogen collection unit, which can coordinately control the amount of hydrogen and pretreated flue gas entering the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, thereby controlling the preparation of carbon nanotubes.

[0032] 4. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system provided by the present invention comprises: a biomass power generation unit performs biomass power generation to generate electricity; the flue gas generated by the biomass power generation unit enters the flue gas pretreatment unit for treatment and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, and an electrochemical method is used to prepare carbon nanotubes; the waste water generated by the biomass power generation unit is treated by the water pretreatment unit and then enters the electrolytic hydrogen production unit, the hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is collected by the hydrogen collection unit and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, and an electrochemical method is used to prepare carbon nanotubes; the above-mentioned working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system not only improves the utilization rate of biomass, and the generated products have higher economic value, but also realizes negative CO2 emissions in biomass power generation, and has a high degree of automation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 1-Biomass power generation unit, 2-Flue gas pretreatment unit, 3-Carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, 4-Carbon nanotube refining unit, 5-Water pretreatment unit, 6-Electrolysis hydrogen production unit, 7-Hydrogen collection unit, 8-Oxygen collection unit, 9-Air separation unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the best mode of implementation, nor to limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior arts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] If no specific experimental steps or conditions are specified in the examples, the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in the field can be used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0041] Biomass power generation unit 1;

[0042] The flue gas outlet of the biomass power generation unit 1 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit 2, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit 2 is connected to the CO2 inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3;

[0043] The wastewater outlet of the biomass power generation unit 1 is connected to the inlet of the water pretreatment unit 5, and the outlet of the water pretreatment unit 5 is connected to the water inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6; the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen collection unit 7, and the outlet of the hydrogen collection unit 7 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3.

[0044] In the above system, the flue gas generated by power generation in the biomass power generation unit 1 enters the flue gas pretreatment unit 2, and the dust and other impurities in the flue gas are filtered and pretreated by the flue gas pretreatment unit 2, and then directly enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 for electrochemical preparation of carbon nanotubes. The wastewater generated by power generation in the biomass power generation unit 1 is pretreated by the water pretreatment unit 5. The water treatment unit 5 adopts a flocculation reaction precipitation process to remove suspended matter, colloids and other impurities in the raw water so that it meets the technical requirements for water electrolysis hydrogen production. The water treated by the water treatment unit 5 should meet the technical requirements of water electrolysis hydrogen production system GB / T 19774-2005. The water that meets the requirements enters the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 6, and the hydrogen produced enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 for electrochemical preparation of carbon nanotubes. The above system can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide, not only improve the utilization rate of biomass, the generated products have higher economic value, but also achieve negative CO2 emissions.

[0045] As an optimized implementation, the product outlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 is connected to the carbon nanotube refining unit 4 to further purify the prepared carbon nanotubes.

[0046] As an optimized implementation, the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 is connected to the inlet of the oxygen collection unit 8, and the outlet of the oxygen collection unit 8 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass unit 1, so as to realize the utilization of all components of the biomass.

[0047] As an alternative embodiment, the biomass power generation unit 1 is connected to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 through a power transmission line, so that the system provides electric energy to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 to prepare carbon nanotubes by electrochemical method.

[0048] As an optimized implementation, control valves are provided on the connecting pipelines between the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 and the flue gas pretreatment unit 2 and the hydrogen collection unit 7. By setting the control valves, the amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen entering the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 are coordinated and regulated to achieve control of carbon nanotube preparation.

[0049] As an optimized implementation, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water pretreatment unit 5 and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 and the biomass power generation unit 1. Due to the setting of the control valve, the two water routes between the water pretreatment unit 5 and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 and the water pretreatment unit 5 and the biomass power generation unit 1 can be coordinated and regulated.

[0050] As an optimized implementation, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the carbon nanotube refining unit 4 and the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 to control the amount of refining by the carbon nanotube refining unit 4 .

[0051] As an alternative embodiment, it also includes an air separation unit 9, which is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass power generation unit 1. In this embodiment, the oxygen of the biomass power generation unit 1 comes from the air obtained through the air separation unit 9.

[0052] As an optimized implementation, the outlet of the water pretreatment unit 5 is connected to the water inlet in the biomass power generation unit 1. Most of the circulating water treated by the water pretreatment unit 5 returns to the biomass power generation unit 1 for recycling, and a small amount of water is sent to the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 6 for electrolysis hydrogen production, thereby achieving full utilization of resources.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] This embodiment provides a working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0055] The biomass power generation unit 1 generates electricity through biomass power generation. During the power generation process, the flue gas and wastewater generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 are processed and utilized through the following two routes:

[0056] The flue gas generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 enters the flue gas pretreatment unit 2 for treatment and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube production unit 3, where carbon nanotubes are prepared by an electrochemical method;

[0057] The wastewater generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 is treated by the water pretreatment unit 5 and then enters the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6. The hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 is collected by the hydrogen collection unit 7 and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube production unit 3 to prepare carbon nanotubes by an electrochemical method.

[0058] The flue gas and wastewater generated by the above-mentioned biomass power generation unit 1 are processed and utilized through two routes, which can effectively reduce the emission of carbon dioxide in biomass power generation. It not only improves the utilization rate of biomass, and the generated products have higher economic value, but also realizes negative CO2 emissions with a high degree of automation.

[0059] As an optimized implementation, the product obtained from the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 enters the carbon nanotube refining unit 4 for refining.

[0060] As an optimized implementation, the oxygen produced by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 is collected by the oxygen collection unit 8 and then enters the biomass unit 1, thereby making full use of the wastewater resources generated by biomass power generation.

[0061] As an alternative embodiment, the electric energy generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 is provided to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 through a power transmission line.

[0062] As an optimized implementation, the air separation unit 9 separates pure nitrogen and oxygen, mixes them in required proportions, and then enters the biomass power generation unit 1 to perform biomass power generation.

[0063] As an optimized implementation method, the water produced by the water pretreatment unit 5 enters the biomass power generation unit 1, and most of the circulating water treated by the water pretreatment unit 5 returns to the biomass power generation unit 1 for recycling, and a small part of the water is sent to the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 6 for electrolysis hydrogen production, so as to realize full utilization of resources.

[0064] As an optimized implementation, the oxygen content in the reaction atmosphere of the biomass power generation unit 1 is 0.5 v / v%-5 v / v%, and 3 v / v% is selected in this embodiment.

[0065] As an optimized implementation, the molar ratio of H2:CO2 of the raw gas in the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit is 2.15-5.27. In this embodiment, the molar ratio of H2:CO2 is selected to be 3.5.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, straw is fed into the biomass power generation unit 1 to generate electricity, and the flue gas generated in the biomass power generation unit 1 enters the flue gas pretreatment unit 2 for treatment. The flue gas pretreatment unit 2 filters and pre-treats the dust and other impurities in the flue gas and then directly enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 to prepare carbon nanotubes by electrochemical method; the wastewater generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 is treated by the water pretreatment unit 5, and the water treatment unit 5 uses a flocculation reaction precipitation process to remove suspended matter, colloid and other impurities in the raw water, so that it meets the technical requirements of water electrolysis hydrogen production and then enters the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 6. The hydrogen generated by the electrolysis hydrogen production unit 6 is collected by the hydrogen collection unit 7 and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 to prepare carbon nanotubes by electrochemical method. The electric energy of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit 3 is provided by the electric energy generated by the biomass power generation unit 1 through the transmission line. By controlling the control valve provided on the connecting pipeline between the carbon dioxide carbon nanotube unit 3 and the flue gas pretreatment unit 2 and the hydrogen collection unit 7, the raw gas H2:CO2 molar ratio in the carbon dioxide carbon nanotube unit is adjusted to 2.15-5.27, and in this embodiment, the H2:CO2 molar ratio is selected to be 3.5. The product obtained by the carbon dioxide carbon nanotube unit 3 enters the carbon nanotube refining unit 4 for refining. The oxygen content in the reaction atmosphere in the biomass power generation unit 1 is regulated to be 0.5v / v%-5v / v%, and in this embodiment, 3v / v% is selected. Part of the oxygen-containing reaction atmosphere of the biomass power generation unit 1 is separated and obtained by the air separation unit 9, and part of it is from the oxygen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6. The oxygen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 6 is collected by the oxygen collection unit 8 and then enters the biomass unit 1. The oxygen content in the reaction atmosphere is regulated by the above two parts. In order to save resources, most of the circulating water treated by the water pretreatment unit 5 is returned to the biomass power generation unit 1 for recycling. According to testing, when the straw feed rate is 200t / h, the entire biomass power generation system achieves negative carbon emissions, and the carbon nanotube production per hour is 43.1t / h.

[0067] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A working method of a biomass negative carbon emission power generation system, characterized in that: The biomass negative carbon emission power generation system comprises: Biomass power generation unit; The flue gas outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the flue gas pretreatment unit is connected to the CO2 inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; the product outlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit is connected to the carbon nanotube refining unit; The wastewater outlet of the biomass power generation unit is connected to the inlet of the water pretreatment unit, and the outlet of the water pretreatment unit is connected to the water inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit; the hydrogen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen collection unit, and the outlet of the hydrogen collection unit is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit; the oxygen outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the inlet of the oxygen collection unit, and the outlet of the oxygen collection unit is connected to the oxygen inlet of the biomass power generation unit; the biomass power generation unit is connected to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit through a power transmission line; The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system comprises: The biomass power generation unit generates electricity by performing biomass power generation; The flue gas generated by the biomass power generation unit enters the flue gas pretreatment unit for treatment and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, where carbon nanotubes are prepared by an electrochemical method; The wastewater generated by the biomass power generation unit is treated by the water pretreatment unit and then enters the electrolytic hydrogen production unit. The hydrogen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is collected by the hydrogen collection unit and then enters the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, where carbon nanotubes are prepared by an electrochemical method. The product obtained by the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit enters the carbon nanotube refining unit for refining. The oxygen generated by the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is collected by the oxygen collection unit and then enters the biomass power generation unit. The electric energy generated by the biomass power generation unit is provided to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit through a transmission line.

2. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric energy generated by the biomass power generation unit is provided to the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit through a power transmission line.

3. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The oxygen content in the reaction atmosphere of the biomass power generation unit is 0.5 v / v%-5 v / v%.

4. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The molar ratio of raw gas H2:CO2 in the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit is 2.15-5.

27.

5. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Control valves are provided on the connecting pipelines between the carbon dioxide to carbon nanotube unit, the flue gas pretreatment unit and the hydrogen collection unit.

6. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the water pretreatment unit and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit and the biomass power generation unit.

7. The working method of the biomass negative carbon emission power generation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A control valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the carbon nanotube refining unit and the carbon dioxide-based carbon nanotube unit.

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