A spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of friction stir welding, and in particular to a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, comprising a housing, an annular cross support frame, and the cross support frame is rotatably arranged in the housing; an eccentric gear rotatably arranged in the housing, and an eccentric hole is arranged on the eccentric gear; a cylindrical main shaft sleeve, the main shaft sleeve is rotatably connected with the cross support frame, and the main shaft sleeve passes through the eccentric hole; a radial joint bearing is arranged on the main shaft sleeve, and the radial joint bearing contacts with the eccentric hole; a driving gear, the driving gear is meshed with the eccentric gear, and the driving gear is driven by a first motor; a main shaft that runs through the main shaft sleeve, and the main shaft is driven by a second motor arranged at one end of the main shaft sleeve. The main shaft of the present invention is connected in a straight line, so that its rotation stability is good, a higher rotation speed can be achieved, and the welding inclination angle can be adjusted by adjusting the eccentricity of the eccentric gear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of friction stir welding, and in particular to a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions. Background Art

[0002] Friction stir welding refers to the use of heat generated by the friction between the high-speed rotating welding tool and the workpiece to partially melt the welded material. When the welding tool moves forward along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front of the welding tool to the back under the action of the rotating friction of the welding tool, and forms a dense solid phase weld under the extrusion of the welding tool. The friction stir rod has the advantages of low residual stress, the welded workpiece is not easy to deform, and a longer weld can be completed in one time.

[0003] In order to make the stir head have a welding inclination angle with the vertical direction, the existing friction stir welding machine often uses a universal coupling to ensure that the transmission relationship between the main shaft and the stir head does not change after the angle is adjusted; however, due to the use of a universal coupling, this type of friction stir welding spindle is not stable enough when running at high speed, so it cannot be used in high-speed working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to design a friction stir welding spindle head that is both stable and can adjust the welding inclination angle. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions. The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions comprises a shell, including: a cross support frame, the cross support frame is annular, and the cross support frame is rotatably arranged in the shell; an eccentric gear, the eccentric gear is rotatably arranged in the shell, and the eccentric gear is provided with an eccentric hole; a main shaft sleeve, the main shaft sleeve is cylindrical, the main shaft sleeve is rotatably connected to the cross support frame, and the main shaft sleeve passes through the eccentric hole; a radial spherical bearing, the radial spherical bearing is arranged on the main shaft sleeve, and the radial spherical bearing is in contact with the eccentric hole; a driving gear, the driving gear is meshed with the eccentric gear, and the driving gear is driven by a first motor; a main shaft, the main shaft is arranged through the main shaft sleeve, and the main shaft is driven by a second motor arranged at one end of the main shaft sleeve.

[0006] In the above technical scheme: the outer shell plays a supporting role and is also used to connect with the rest of the friction welding machine; the cross support frame is used to enable the spindle sleeve to swing, and the cross support frame is ring-shaped in order to install the spindle sleeve in the middle; the rotation of the eccentric gear drives the spindle sleeve inserted in the eccentric hole to rotate along the rotating axis of the eccentric gear, so as to achieve the welding inclination angle unchanged, while the stirring head at the end of the spindle rotates along the vertical axis; the spindle sleeve is used to connect with the eccentric gear, etc., and to place the spindle so that the spindle can keep rotating; the radial spherical bearing is used to ensure a smooth connection between the spindle sleeve and the eccentric hole, thereby ensuring the stability of the spindle sleeve when rotating along the C axis; the driving gear is used to transmit power from the output end of the first motor to the eccentric gear; the spindle is used to transmit power from the second motor to the stirring head fixed at the end of the spindle.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the rotation axis of the cross support frame rotatably connected to the main shaft sleeve is the M axis, the rotation axis of the cross support frame rotatably connected to the housing is the N axis, and the M axis is perpendicular to the N axis.

[0008] In the above technical solution: the M axis and the N axis are perpendicular to each other so that the rotation of the spindle sleeve connected to the cross support frame at each position is not hindered when it swings along the C axis, making the rotation smoother and more stable.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the rotation axis of the eccentric gear is the C axis, the C axis is vertical, and the rotation axis of the driving gear is also vertical.

[0010] In the above technical solution: the C axis is vertical to ensure that the rotation of the eccentric gear is horizontal, so that the rotation trajectory of the eccentric hole is a horizontal ring, thereby ensuring that the welding inclination angle does not change when the main shaft rotates.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: the M axis, the N axis and the C axis intersect at one point, and the intersection point is the midpoint of the M axis.

[0012] In the above technical solution: the M axis, the N axis and the C axis intersect at one point, so that the M axis, the N axis and the C axis are perpendicular to each other and intersect at one point. Then the spindle sleeve passing through the intersection can swing to any angle with the intersection as the origin, thereby realizing the setting of the welding inclination angle at any angle in space.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: the rotation axis of the main shaft coincides with the central axis of the main shaft sleeve.

[0014] In the above technical solution: the rotating axis of the main shaft coincides with the rotating axis of the main shaft sleeve, so that the angle between the main shaft sleeve and the C axis is consistent with the angle between the main shaft and the C axis, thereby ensuring that when the eccentric gear rotates and drives the main shaft sleeve to rotate, the angle between the main shaft and the C axis (i.e. the welding inclination angle) can remain unchanged.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: the main shaft is connected to an output end of the second motor via an elastic coupling.

[0016] In the above technical solution: the elastic coupling is connected to the second motor, so that the power loss is small when the power is transmitted from the second motor to the main shaft, and it has the function of compensating the relative displacement between the two shafts.

[0017] The present invention is further configured as follows: two first connecting holes are symmetrically arranged on the cross support frame, two first connecting shafts corresponding to the first connecting holes are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the main shaft sleeve, and the first connecting shafts cooperate with the first connecting holes.

[0018] In the above technical solution: the cooperation between the first connecting hole and the first connecting shaft is used to realize the rotational connection between the main shaft sleeve and the cross support frame.

[0019] The present invention is further configured as follows: a fixed shell is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell, the sliding direction of the fixed shell is up and down sliding, and the eccentric gear is rotationally connected to the fixed shell.

[0020] In the above technical solution: the fixed shell is provided to accommodate the transition gear and the eccentric gear, so as to adjust the welding inclination angle without replacing the eccentric gear.

[0021] The present invention is further configured as follows: a transition gear is rotatably disposed on the fixed shell, and the transition gear is meshed with the driving gear and the eccentric gear at the same time.

[0022] In the above technical solution: the transition gear is used to connect the eccentric gear and the power gear, and is used to maintain connection with the power gear when the fixed shell moves up and down, thereby reducing the wear of the eccentric gear.

[0023] The present invention is further configured as follows: the thickness of the driving gear is greater than the thickness of the transition gear.

[0024] In the above technical solution, since it is necessary to keep the connection between the transition gear and the driving gear when the fixed shell moves up and down, the driving gear has a relatively large thickness.

[0025] The present invention discloses a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions. Compared with the prior art:

[0026] 1. The main shaft of the present invention does not contain a coupling or other structures, so the transmission is still very stable when rotating at high speed, and is extremely suitable for high-speed working conditions;

[0027] 2. The present invention can realize the rotation of the main shaft along the C-axis by rotating the eccentric gear, thereby adapting to non-linear welds; 3. The present invention can change the welding inclination angle by adjusting the position of the fixed shell, thereby realizing the adjustment of the welding inclination angle within a certain range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of a cross support frame of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A top view of the fixed shell of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the fixed shell of the present invention.

[0032] The corresponding component names represented by the numbers and letters in the figure are: 10-housing; 20-cross support frame; 20a-first connecting hole; 30-fixed shell; 301-eccentric gear; 301a-eccentric hole; 302-transition gear; 40-spindle sleeve; 40a-first connecting shaft; 50-radial spherical bearing; 60-driving gear; 70-first motor; 80-spindle; 90-second motor; 100-elastic coupling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0034] like Figure 1-4As shown, the present invention proposes a spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, including a housing 10, and also includes: a cross support frame 20, the cross support frame 20 is annular, and the cross support frame 20 is rotatably arranged in the housing 10; an eccentric gear 301, the eccentric gear 301 is rotatably arranged in the housing 10, and an eccentric hole 301a is arranged on the eccentric gear 301; a spindle sleeve 40, the spindle sleeve 40 is cylindrical, and the spindle sleeve 40 is rotatably connected to the cross support frame 20, The main shaft sleeve 40 passes through the eccentric hole 301a; the radial spherical bearing 50 is arranged on the main shaft sleeve 40, and the radial spherical bearing 50 is in contact with the eccentric hole 301a; the driving gear 60, the driving gear 60 is meshed with the eccentric gear 301, and the driving gear 60 is driven by a first motor 70; the main shaft 80, the main shaft 80 is arranged through the main shaft sleeve 40, and the main shaft 80 is driven by a second motor 90 arranged at one end of the main shaft sleeve 40. Among them, the interior of the shell 10 can be divided into two cavities, a first cavity located at the upper part, and a second cavity located at the lower part. The cross support frame 20 is located in the second cavity, and the first cavity is used to reduce the overall weight of the component. The spindle sleeve 40 and the spindle 80 pass through the first cavity and the second cavity; the cross support frame 20 is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the second cavity, and two symmetrical second connecting holes are provided on the side wall of the second cavity. Two second connecting shafts pass through the second connecting holes and are rotatably connected to the cross support frame 20 respectively. A second tapered roller bearing is sleeved on the second connecting shaft, and the second tapered roller bearing is fixed in the second connecting hole. A butterfly spring, a spacer ring and a bearing cover are also sleeved on the second connecting shaft in sequence. The end of the second connecting shaft is also rotatably connected to the cross support frame 20. There is a locking nut, and a protective cover for sealing is also provided on the second connecting hole; the first motor 70 is first connected to the first reducer, and the output shaft of the first reducer is then connected to the driving gear 60; the eccentric hole 301a is circular in shape, and the distance between the centerline axis of the eccentric hole 301a and the rotation center of the eccentric gear 301 is the eccentric distance; the main shaft sleeve 40 is formed by the first cylinder and the second cylinder connected by a transition section, and the diameter of the first cylinder close to the cross support frame 20 is larger, and a mounting flange is provided at one end of the second cylinder, and the second motor 90 is fixedly arranged on the mounting flange; the radial spherical bearing 50 is sleeved on the outer wall of the second cylinder, and the maximum diameter of the radial spherical bearing 50 is smaller than the diameter of the eccentric hole 301a.

[0035] like Figure 2As shown, the present invention proposes a spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, comprising: the rotation axis of the cross support frame 20 and the spindle sleeve 40 is the M axis, the rotation axis of the cross support frame 20 and the housing 10 is the N axis, and the M axis is perpendicular to the N axis. The N axis is the line connecting the central axes of the two second connecting axes, the N axis always remains horizontal, and the M axis can rotate along the median vertical plane of the N axis.

[0036] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in , 4, the present invention proposes a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions, including: the rotation axis of the eccentric gear 301 is the C axis, the C axis is vertical, and the rotation axis of the driving gear 60 is also vertical. Among them, the angle between the central axis of the main shaft sleeve 40 and the C axis is the welding inclination angle. Since the central axis of the main shaft sleeve 40 passes through the axis of the eccentric hole 301a, the welding inclination angle can be adjusted by adjusting the eccentricity of the eccentric gear 301.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a main spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, comprising: the M axis, the N axis and the C axis intersect at one point, and the intersection point is the midpoint of the M axis. The intersection point is point I, the position of point I always remains unchanged, and as the swing center of the main spindle sleeve 40, the center point of the radial spherical bearing 50 is point II, and the distance between point I and point II and the eccentricity of the eccentric gear 301 jointly determine the size of the welding inclination angle.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, comprising: the rotating axis of the spindle 80 coincides with the central axis of the spindle sleeve 40. A rotating ring is fixed at one end of the first cylinder, and the spindle 80 passes through the rotating ring to ensure that the relative position of the spindle 80 and the spindle sleeve 40 remains unchanged. One end of the spindle 80 is connected to the second motor 90, and the other end is detachably fixed with a tool handle, and a stirring head is detachably fixed on the tool handle.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions, comprising: the main shaft 80 is connected to the output end of the second motor 90 through an elastic coupling 100. The elastic coupling 100 is a plum blossom-shaped elastic coupling, and the diameter of the elastic coupling 100 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylinder.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention proposes a spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, comprising: two first connecting holes 20a are symmetrically arranged on the cross support frame 20, and two first connecting shafts 40a corresponding to the first connecting holes 20a are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the spindle sleeve 40, and the first connecting shaft 40a cooperates with the first connecting hole 20a. Among them, the two first connecting shafts 40a are fixedly connected to the spindle sleeve 40, and the first connecting shaft 40a is also sleeved with a first tapered roller bearing, which is arranged in the first connecting hole 20a, and the first connecting shaft 40a is also sleeved with a butterfly spring, a spacer ring and a bearing pressure cover in sequence, and the end of the first connecting shaft 40a is also screwed with a locking nut, and the first connecting hole 20a is also provided with a protective cover for sealing.

[0041] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the present invention proposes a stir friction welding machine spindle head adapted to high speed working conditions, including: a fixed shell 30 is also slidably arranged on the inner wall of the shell 10, the sliding direction of the fixed shell 30 is up and down sliding, and the eccentric gear 301 is rotatably connected with the fixed shell 30. Among them, the fixed shell 30 is a rectangular shell with an opening at the top, and a first clearance hole is arranged on one side of the fixed shell 30, and a sliding track is arranged on the other side and slidably connected with the inner wall of the shell 10, and a second clearance hole is arranged at the bottom of the fixed shell 30, and a support ring is protruded toward the inside of the shell at the edge of the second clearance hole, and a ring step is arranged on the top of the support ring, and a ball bearing is arranged in the placement step, and a connecting part is protruded at the bottom of the eccentric gear 301, and the connecting part is connected with the inner circle of the ball bearing, so that the eccentric gear 301 can do plane rotation on the support ring; a stepped shaft is arranged at a position of the fixed shell 30 close to the first clearance hole, and the two ends of the stepped shaft are rotatably connected with the fixed shell 30 through ball bearings respectively.

[0042] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the present invention proposes a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high-speed working conditions, including: a transition gear 302 is also rotatably provided on the fixed shell 30, and the transition gear 302 is simultaneously meshed with the driving gear 60 and the eccentric gear 301. The hole of the transition gear 302 is provided with a first keyway, and the stepped shaft is provided with a second keyway corresponding thereto, and the first keyway and the second keyway are provided with flat keys to keep the relative position of the transition gear 302 and the stepped shaft unchanged.

[0043] like Figure 3 , 4As shown, the present invention proposes a main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions, including: the thickness of the driving gear 60 is greater than the thickness of the transition gear 302. Among them, the thickness of the driving gear 60 should be more than 3 times the thickness of the transition gear 302 to ensure that the adjustment range of the welding inclination angle is not too small.

[0044] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0045] a) Select the welding angle according to the thickness and material of the material to be friction welded;

[0046] b) The welding inclination angle can be adjusted by replacing the eccentric gear to change the eccentricity, or by adjusting the position of the fixed shell to change the distance between point I and point II;

[0047] c) Start the second motor so that the main shaft drives the stirring head to rotate and start welding. Since the transmission process from the second motor to the stirring head is always a straight line, the stirring head can rotate stably at a high speed;

[0048] d) When the weld needs to turn, the first motor is rotated to make the spindle sleeve swing along the C axis, driving the spindle and the stirring head to swing along the C axis, thereby adapting to the rotating weld;

[0049] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

Claims

1. A main spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions, comprising a housing (10), characterized in that: include: A cross support frame (20), the cross support frame (20) is annular, and the cross support frame (20) is rotatably disposed in the housing (10); An eccentric gear (301), the eccentric gear (301) being rotatably disposed in the housing (10), and an eccentric hole (301a) being disposed on the eccentric gear (301); A main shaft sleeve (40), the main shaft sleeve (40) is cylindrical, the main shaft sleeve (40) is rotatably connected to the cross support frame (20), and the main shaft sleeve (40) passes through the eccentric hole (301a); A radial spherical bearing (50), wherein the radial spherical bearing (50) is arranged on the main shaft sleeve (40), and the radial spherical bearing (50) is in contact with the eccentric hole (301a); A driving gear (60), the driving gear (60) meshing with the eccentric gear (301), the driving gear (60) being driven by a first motor (70); A main shaft (80), the main shaft (80) is arranged through the main shaft sleeve (40), and the main shaft (80) is driven by a second motor (90) arranged at one end of the main shaft sleeve (40).

2. The spindle head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation axis through which the cross support frame (20) is rotatably connected to the main shaft sleeve (40) is the M axis, the rotation axis through which the cross support frame (20) is rotatably connected to the housing (10) is the N axis, and the M axis is perpendicular to the N axis.

3. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation axis of the eccentric gear (301) is the C axis, which is vertical, and the rotation axis of the driving gear (60) is also vertical.

4. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The M axis, the N axis, and the C axis intersect at one point, and the intersection point is the midpoint of the M axis.

5. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation axis of the main shaft (80) coincides with the central axis of the main shaft sleeve (40).

6. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main shaft (80) is connected to the output end of the second motor (90) via an elastic coupling (100).

7. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two first connecting holes (20a) are symmetrically arranged on the cross support frame (20), and two first connecting shafts (40a) corresponding to the first connecting holes (20a) are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the main shaft sleeve (40), and the first connecting shafts (40a) cooperate with the first connecting holes (20a).

8. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed shell (30) is also slidably disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell (10), and the sliding direction of the fixed shell (30) is up and down sliding. The eccentric gear (301) is rotationally connected to the fixed shell (30).

9. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that: A transition gear (302) is also rotatably disposed on the fixed housing (30), and the transition gear (302) is meshed with the driving gear (60) and the eccentric gear (301) at the same time.

10. The main shaft head of a friction stir welding machine adapted to high speed working conditions according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the driving gear (60) is greater than the thickness of the transition gear (302).

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