Dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring equipment and monitoring method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device and monitoring method. The technical solution includes an inlet pipe, which is connected to two sets of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices installed on a shell through a diverter valve. Each set of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices includes a Y-shaped diverter pipe, the inlet of the Y-shaped diverter pipe is connected to a guide pipe, and the two outlets are connected to the inlets of a flow storage chamber and a sediment measurement chamber through a soft pipe. The flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber are both provided with a water level gauge, and the bottom outlet is provided with a valve; the flow storage chamber is fixed to the shell through a support, and a weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the sediment measurement chamber. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to control, is not easy to accumulate sediment, has self-cleaning ability, stable operation, high accuracy, long service life, and good adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation monitoring, in particular to a dual-channel self-purification runoff sediment automatic monitoring device and a monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] The core of soil and water conservation monitoring is the monitoring of sediment in runoff. Sediment in runoff is different from the monitoring of homogeneous substances such as the atmosphere and water bodies. It has the characteristics of inhomogeneity, large differences in properties, and unstable properties. According to different sediment measurement methods, it can be divided into specific gravity method, gamma ray method, vibration method, ultrasonic method, capacitance method, photoelectric method, laser method, etc. Except for the specific gravity method, which has a simple principle, other methods are subject to the requirements of sensor measurement conditions, accuracy range and energy supply conditions, and most of them are not suitable for outdoor extensive environments. For example, ultrasonic method, capacitance method, photoelectric method, and laser method must ensure that the runoff to be measured is a homogeneous liquid or colloid, and gamma ray method and vibration method require additional high-power energy supply devices. This type of equipment has certain significance for measuring the basic erosion characteristics of various soil types under laboratory conditions, but its research and manufacturing are based on high-precision measurements under laboratory conditions, relying on high-pressure maintenance conditions, and are not suitable for deployment under large-scale and complex environmental conditions in the field, and it is difficult to promote practical applications.

[0003] The specific gravity method is currently the mainstream method for measuring sediment content. The sediment monitoring equipment that uses this principle has the advantages of simple structure, relatively high accuracy, and a wide range of measurement conditions. Considering that the sediment monitoring equipment based on the specific gravity method mostly relies on basic conditions such as a static measurement environment, centralized measurement units such as small runoff bottles or weighing bottles, and a single water inlet, the current sediment monitoring equipment will inevitably have shortcomings such as easy siltation, lack of self-cleaning ability, inability to monitor the entire process, unstable operation, and a small monitoring range.

[0004] Some patents have solved some of these problems. For example, the patent "Full runoff sediment automatic monitoring instrument" (CN201910537603.8) / "Full runoff sediment automatic monitoring instrument" (CN201920933716.5) discloses a full runoff sediment automatic monitoring instrument. The device sets up two measuring units and monitors in turn through the water distribution pipe. This design solves the problem that most sediment monitoring equipment cannot monitor the whole process. However, the design cost is high, and the design of the water distribution pipe and the smaller monitoring unit make the equipment more susceptible to sediment accumulation, and there is a possibility of larger errors in long-term operation.

[0005] The patented field runoff and sediment automatic monitoring equipment and monitoring method (CN201610681714.2) discloses a runoff and sediment automatic monitoring equipment and method with a new structural design. The equipment solves the problem of not being able to monitor the entire process by designing a large flow storage chamber and using an algorithm, and increases the drainage force by improving the drainage channel. This design cleverly achieves the purpose of monitoring the entire process, and the improved drainage channel reduces sediment accumulation. However, the improved flow storage chamber of the equipment causes the error to be significantly amplified when monitoring small-scale runoff.

[0006] The patented capacity-measuring full-flow runoff and sediment automatic monitoring device (CN202011004692.9) discloses a capacity-measuring full-flow runoff and sediment automatic monitoring device. The device is also equipped with two measuring units. The use of a tipping bucket device to divert the flow on both sides solves the problem of full-process monitoring to a certain extent. However, the tipping bucket diversion structure often leads to obvious siltation. The siltation and scouring of the sediment retained at the diversion port will cause measurement instability, and thus cause obvious errors.

[0007] The patented dynamic runoff and sediment automatic monitoring instrument (CN201520151152.1) discloses an automatic sediment monitoring device, which adopts a siphon design and direct drainage from the bottom of the weighing bottle, which can prevent siltation to a certain extent. The water flow is used to flush the impeller to calculate the flow rate, and the operation is relatively stable. However, the siphon design itself increases the runoff inflection point, and siltation is prone to occur at the water inlet. The use of a simple impeller to calculate the flow rate will directly cause a large runoff statistical error, thereby affecting the monitoring accuracy.

[0008] In summary, the current mainstream runoff and sediment monitoring equipment is all about overcoming and solving the error phenomenon caused by the inability to continuously sample. However, solving the problem of inability to continuously sample and using multiple synchronous measurement units will inevitably lead to a reduction in the size of the water inlet and drainage pipes or a complex structure, which will make it more prone to siltation, unstable measurements, and large errors in long-term operation. To alleviate the siltation problem, the overall drainage path must have a simple structure, fewer static measurement processes, and a large and vertical drainage outlet. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and to provide a dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring equipment with simple structure, easy control, not easy to accumulate sediment, self-cleaning ability, stable operation, high accuracy, long service life and good adaptability.

[0010] The present invention also provides a monitoring method using the above monitoring device, which has the advantages of simple operation method, good reliability, good self-purification ability and good stability.

[0011] The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring equipment of the present invention comprises an inlet pipe, which is respectively connected to two sets of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices installed on a shell through a diverter valve. It is characterized in that each set of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices comprises a Y-shaped diverter pipe, the inlet of the Y-shaped diverter pipe is connected to the guide pipe, and the two outlets are respectively connected to the inlets of a flow storage chamber and a sediment measuring chamber through soft pipes, the flow storage chamber and the sediment measuring chamber are both provided with water level gauges, and the bottom outlets are both provided with valves; the flow storage chamber is fixed to the shell through a support, and a weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the sediment measuring chamber.

[0012] The installation height of the flow storage chamber is higher than that of the sediment measuring chamber, and the bottom outlet of the flow storage chamber is also connected to the inlet of the sediment measuring chamber via a soft pipe.

[0013] A deflector is also provided.

[0014] The volume of the flow storage chamber is not less than that of the sediment measuring chamber.

[0015] The weighing sensor is fixed to the bottom of the shell through a fixing piece, and a drainage port is also opened at the bottom of the shell.

[0016] A detachable screen is arranged in the inlet pipe.

[0017] The diverter valve of the inlet pipe, the valves at the outlet of the flow storage chamber and the bottom of the sediment measurement chamber are all electromagnetic valves.

[0018] The electromagnetic valves at the bottom of the inlet pipe, the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber are respectively connected to the output end of the controller, and the input end of the controller is respectively connected to the flow storage chamber and the water level meter for sediment measurement.

[0019] The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring method of the present invention comprises the following methods:

[0020] During monitoring, the runoff flows into the inlet pipe, and the diverter valve is controlled to open the two sets of runoff sediment collection and monitoring devices in turn. When one set is opened, the other is closed. The opened runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for continuous inflow, and the closed runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for measurement, thereby realizing full-stage fluid collection;

[0021] Among them, in the opened runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, the runoff enters the inlet of the Y-shaped diverter pipe through the diversion pipe, and then flows into the corresponding flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber through the two outlets of the Y-shaped diverter pipe through the soft pipe respectively. When the water level of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber rises to the set water level, the diverter valve controls the closing of the set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, and opens another set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device for continuous inflow;

[0022] After completing the collection of measurement data in the closed runoff sediment collection monitoring device, first open the valve at the bottom of the sediment measuring chamber to empty the sediment measuring chamber, then open the valve at the bottom of the flow storage chamber to send the liquid in the flow storage chamber into the sediment measuring chamber through the soft pipe for flushing; after emptying the flow storage chamber and completing the flushing of the sediment measuring chamber, close all outlet valves, wait for another set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device to complete continuous flow inflow, and then reopen the set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device.

[0023] The measurement data acquisition method in the closed runoff sediment collection monitoring device is: use the water level meter to read the water levels of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber after the continuous inflow time t respectively. t1 and h t2 , the corresponding volumes are V t1 and V t2 , using the weighing sensor to read the weight of the sediment measuring chamber is m t , then we can get,

[0024] Internal flow rate during period t

[0025] The average sediment rate in period t is

[0026] Sediment volume in period t

[0027] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the present application has made the following improvements:

[0028] (1) Each set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is respectively provided with a flow storage chamber and a sediment measurement chamber, and a water level meter is used to collect water level data in the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber respectively, which is used to measure the runoff volume per unit time. At the same time, a weighing sensor is provided in the sediment measurement chamber to measure the weight of the sediment measurement chamber separately, so as to calculate the sediment volume and average sediment rate per unit time. The volumes of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber can be the same or different, and can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and are flexibly applicable to sediment monitoring of runoffs of different scales. The water level meter can collect water level data, and the weighing sensor can collect weight data. The collected data can be transmitted to a controller or a computer for calculation and analysis, and displayed in real time on a display, so as to realize automatic measurement and analysis.

[0029] 2) In order to solve the problem of sediment accumulation in the sediment measurement chamber, the installation height of the flow storage chamber is higher than that of the sediment measurement chamber, so that there is a height difference between the two. At the same time, the flow storage chamber is connected to the sediment measurement chamber. After the measurement is completed, the discharge timing of the two is controlled, that is, the sediment measurement chamber is emptied first, and then the flow storage chamber is discharged. The runoff is cleverly used to flush the inner wall and bottom of the sediment measurement chamber again using the water potential of the drop difference to prevent sediment from accumulating in the sediment measurement chamber, and the purpose of automatic silting after each measurement is achieved, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement of the sediment measurement chamber, effectively improving the detection accuracy, and no additional silting device is required or flushing water is introduced separately, which saves energy and reduces consumption, and ensures the long-term stable and efficient operation of the system. The height difference between the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber can be set as needed and is not strictly limited; in order to ensure the flushing effect, it is preferred that the volume of the flow storage chamber is not less than that of the sediment measurement chamber.

[0030] Beneficial Effects

[0031] The equipment of the present invention has an extremely simple structure, ingenious design, low production and operation cost, easy maintenance, not easy to accumulate silt, self-cleaning ability, long-term stable operation, high accuracy, long service life and good adaptability. The method of the present invention is simple, reliable, self-cleaning and stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 Conventional runoff and sediment measurement verification results diagram;

[0034] Figure 3 Validation results graph for high sediment-laden runoff measurement verification;

[0035] Figure 4 Validation results graph for runoff measurement;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the variation diagram of the measurement error of 50g / L sediment volume;

[0037] Figure 6 The measurement error change of 550g / L high sediment content runoff.

[0038] Among them, 1-inlet pipe, 2-threaded interface, 3-screen, 4-bubble level, 5-diverter valve, 6-guide pipe, 7-Y-type diverter, 8-soft pipe, 9-support, 10-ultrasonic water level meter, 11-flow storage chamber, 12-ultrasonic water level meter, 13-electromagnetic valve, 14-guide plate, 15-sediment measurement chamber, 16-electromagnetic valve, 17-weighing sensor, 18-fixed parts, 19-drain pipe, 20-guide plate, 21-drain port, 22-shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The device of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0040] See also Figure 1 , a dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device, comprising an inlet pipe 1 provided with a screen 3, wherein the screen 3 is inserted through a detachable connection so as to be disassembled, cleaned or replaced. In this embodiment, the screen 3 is installed on the inlet pipe 1 through a spiral interface 2, and debris such as fallen leaves and gravel are screened out through the screen 3;

[0041] The lower end of the inlet pipe 1 is connected to two sets of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices installed on the housing 22 through a diverter valve 5 (preferably an electromagnetic valve). Each set of runoff sediment collection monitoring devices includes a Y-shaped diverter pipe 7. The inlet of the Y-shaped diverter pipe 7 is connected to the guide pipe 6, and the two outlets are connected to the inlets of the flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15 through a soft pipe 8. The installation height of the flow storage chamber 11 is higher than the sediment measurement chamber 15, and the bottom outlet of the flow storage chamber 11 is also connected to the inlet of the sediment measurement chamber 15 through a soft pipe 8. The flow storage chamber 11 is fixed to the housing 22 by a support 9, and the soft pipe 8 is used to replace the traditional rigid connection to avoid transmitting the pressure or gravity of the flow storage chamber 11 or the Y-shaped diverter pipe 7 to the sediment measurement chamber 15, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the weight measurement of the sediment measurement chamber 15.

[0042] The flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measuring chamber 15 are respectively provided with ultrasonic water level gauges 12 and 10, and the bottom outlet valves are electromagnetic valves 13 and 16 respectively; the bottom of the sediment measuring chamber 15 is provided with a weighing sensor 17 for measuring the weight of the sediment measuring chamber 15, and the weighing sensor 17 is fixed to the bottom of the shell 22 via a fixing member 18, and some supporting members can also be provided as needed; the sediment measuring chamber 15 is also provided with a guide plate 14, and the guide plate 14 can be provided below the inlet, and preferably its diversion direction can be toward the wall surface, and the number or structure of the guide plate 14 can be designed or selected according to actual needs to meet the purpose of flushing the chamber wall or the bottom silt. Preferably, the volume of the flow storage chamber 11 is not less than that of the sediment measuring chamber 15, so as to ensure sufficient flushing water volume. The bottom outlet of the sediment measuring chamber 15 can also be connected to a drain pipe 19, and then the discharged runoff is discharged from the bottom drain port 21 of the shell 22 through the guide plate 20.

[0043] The electromagnetic valves at the bottom of the inlet pipe 1, the flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15 are respectively connected to the output end of the controller (or computer), and the input end of the controller is respectively connected to the water level gauges 12 and 10 of the flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15. The data collected by each sensor is sent to the controller (or computer) for analysis and calculation, and the measurement results can be displayed on the display. The controller can also automatically control the opening and closing or conversion of each valve to achieve the purpose of automatic monitoring.

[0044] During installation, the device of the present invention is installed vertically at the outlet of the runoff area cofferdam, and the horizontal installation of the device is controlled by observing whether the bubble of the bubble-type level 4 located on the top of the shell is located in the middle.

[0045] During monitoring: the runoff flows into the inlet pipe 1, goes down along the pipe to the screen 3 for debris screening, filters leaves and branches, and then goes down along the flow to the diverter valve 5. The diverter valve 5 is a Y-shaped channel. The diverter valve 5 is controlled to open the two sets of runoff sediment collection and monitoring devices in turn. When one set is opened, the other is closed. The opened runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for continuous inflow, and the closed runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for measurement, thereby realizing full-stage fluid collection;

[0046] Among them, in the opened runoff sediment collection monitoring device, the runoff enters the inlet of the Y-type shunt pipe 7 through the diversion pipe 6, and then flows into the corresponding flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15 through the two outlets of the Y-type shunt pipe 7 through the soft pipe 8 respectively. When the water level of 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15 rises to the set water level, the control diverter valve 5 closes the set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device for measurement operation, and opens another set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device for continuous inflow;

[0047] After completing the collection of measurement data in the closed set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, first open the electromagnetic valve 16 at the bottom of the sediment measuring chamber 15 to empty the sediment measuring chamber 15, and the runoff in the sediment measuring chamber 15 is led out through the electromagnetic valve 16, the drain pipe 19, and then through the guide plate 20, and finally discharged from the shell through the drain port 21 at the bottom of the shell 22; after the sediment measuring chamber 15 is emptied, open the electromagnetic valve 13 at the bottom of the flow storage chamber 11, and send the runoff in the flow storage chamber 11 into the sediment measuring chamber 15 through the soft pipe 8, and flush the wall and bottom under the guidance of the guide plate 14; after emptying the flow storage chamber 11 and completing the flushing of the sediment measuring chamber 15, close all outlet valves, wait for another set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device to complete continuous inflow, and then switch, and repeat the above operation.

[0048] The data measurement method in the closed runoff sediment collection monitoring device is: using ultrasonic water level meters 12 and 10 to read the water levels of the flow storage chamber 11 and the sediment measurement chamber 15 respectively after the continuous inflow time t. t1 and h t2 , the corresponding volumes are V t1 and V t2 , using the weighing sensor 17 to read the weight of the sediment measuring chamber 15 is m t , then we can get,

[0049] Internal flow rate during period t

[0050] The average sediment rate in period t is

[0051] Sediment volume in period t

[0052] In order to verify the accuracy of the monitoring of the device of the present invention, the present application conducted the following experiments:

[0053] In order to verify the accuracy of the automatic monitoring of this equipment, the experiment weighed m i (g) Soil added V i (L) in water, prepare sediment volume S i =m i / V i The mud-water mixture is prepared by preparing multiple groups of different gradients S i , verify the accuracy of sediment volume measurement results. Control S i , does not control V i Experiments were conducted with different V i Gradient reads data 5 times; controls flow rate V i , do not control S i Experiments were conducted with different S i The gradient data were read 5 times to obtain the average value and standard deviation of the measurement.

[0054] At the same time, in order to determine the self-purification ability of this equipment for silted mud, in addition to the general sand-containing water flow verification, an additional high-sand runoff measurement verification with a fine particle (d<0.01mm) content greater than 300g / L was carried out.

[0055] See also Figure 2-Figure 4 From the measurement results, it can be seen that the average relative error between the measured value and the true value of the general sandy runoff is within 3.6%, the average relative error between the measured value and the true value of the high sandy runoff is within 4.3%, and the relative error between the test value and the true value of the runoff is within 3.2%. The equipment has good measurement accuracy.

[0056] In order to further verify the self-purification effect, the stability of the sediment measurement of this equipment was tested. A 50g / L sediment mixed standard solution and a 550g / L high-sand mixed standard solution were selected for a 60-minute test. After reading the measured values, the relative error was calculated. Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0057] From the measurement results, it can be seen that the relative error between the measured value of the sediment content of general sand-containing runoff (50g / L) and the true value is always kept within the error range of 5% within 60 minutes, and the maximum error is 4.2%; the relative error between the measured value of the sediment content of high-sand-containing runoff (550g / L) and the true value is always kept within the error range of 5% within 60 minutes, and the maximum error is 4.6%. It has been verified that the equipment has good measurement stability, that is, it has a certain self-purification ability.

Claims

1. A dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device, comprising an inlet pipe, wherein the inlet pipe is connected to two sets of runoff sediment collection and monitoring devices installed on a housing through a diverter valve, characterized in that: Each set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device includes a Y-shaped shunt pipe, the inlet of the Y-shaped shunt pipe is connected to the guide pipe, and the two outlets are respectively connected to the inlets of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber through soft pipes. The flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber are both provided with water level gauges, and the bottom outlets are both provided with valves; the flow storage chamber is fixed to the shell through a support, and a weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the sediment measurement chamber; The installation height of the flow storage chamber is higher than that of the sediment measuring chamber, and the bottom outlet of the flow storage chamber is also connected to the inlet of the sediment measuring chamber via a soft pipe; a detachable screen is arranged in the inlet pipe.

2. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sediment measuring chamber is provided with a guide plate.

3. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The volume of the flow storage chamber is not less than that of the sediment measuring chamber.

4. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weighing sensor is fixed to the bottom of the shell through a fixing piece, and a drainage port is also opened at the bottom of the shell.

5. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The diverter valve of the inlet pipe, the valve at the outlet of the flow storage chamber and the bottom of the sediment measurement chamber are all electromagnetic valves.

6. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The electromagnetic valves at the bottom of the inlet pipe, the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber are respectively connected to the output end of the controller, and the input end of the controller is respectively connected to the flow storage chamber and the water level meter for sediment measurement.

7. A dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring method, characterized in that: The monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, comprising the following method: During monitoring, the runoff flows into the inlet pipe, and the diverter valve is controlled to open the two sets of runoff sediment collection and monitoring devices in turn. When one set is opened, the other is closed. The opened runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for continuous inflow, and the closed runoff sediment collection and monitoring device is used for measurement, thereby realizing full-stage fluid collection; Among them, in the opened runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, the runoff enters the inlet of the Y-shaped diverter pipe through the diversion pipe, and then flows into the corresponding flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber through the two outlets of the Y-shaped diverter pipe through the soft pipe respectively. When the water level of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber rises to the set water level, the diverter valve controls the closing of the set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device, and opens another set of runoff sediment collection and monitoring device for continuous inflow; After completing the collection of measurement data in the closed runoff sediment collection monitoring device, first open the valve at the bottom of the sediment measuring chamber to empty the sediment measuring chamber, then open the valve at the bottom of the flow storage chamber to send the liquid in the flow storage chamber into the sediment measuring chamber through the soft pipe for flushing; after emptying the flow storage chamber and completing the flushing of the sediment measuring chamber, close all outlet valves, wait for another set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device to complete continuous flow inflow, and then reopen the set of runoff sediment collection monitoring device.

8. The dual-channel self-cleaning runoff sediment automatic monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measurement data acquisition method in the closed runoff sediment collection monitoring device is: use the water level meter to read the water levels of the flow storage chamber and the sediment measurement chamber after the continuous inflow time t respectively. t1 and h t2 , the corresponding volumes are V t1 and V t2 , using the weighing sensor to read the weight of the sediment measuring chamber is m t , then we can get, Internal flow rate during period t The average sediment rate in period t is Sediment volume in period t

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