Shield tunneling test platform suitable for various large-scale mechanical occasions and method of using the platform

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of shield tunneling test platforms that are adaptable to a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, and in particular to a shield tunneling test platform that is adaptable to a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions. It is intended to solve the problem that shield tunneling simulation measurement equipment in the prior art is difficult to use in large-scale mechanical occasions and difficult to cope with complex landforms. The present invention includes a shield tunneling simulation test platform installed in a stepped test space, an engineering structure loading platform adapted to simulate the pressure of the rock strata of the shield equipment, and a real-time observation device for observing the loading platform; wherein the simulated shield equipment includes a shield simulation mechanism and a mud-water circulation module; the engineering structure loading platform is in the shape of a box with a flip cover on the top, and the interior is filled with test soil. The advantage is that it can accurately simulate the acceptance of the shield tunneling platform and the impact on the riverbed rock strata under various geographical conditions such as under the riverbed and under the rock strata, and combined with the mortar system, it can achieve the maximum simulation of the construction site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel simulation detection equipment, in particular to a shield tunneling test platform suitable for various large-scale mechanical occasions and a method for using the platform. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous improvement of technology in the field of tunneling, the requirements for tunnel engineering are getting higher and higher, and shield technology is also developing in a higher direction. With the continuous advancement of technology in the fields of computer control, remote sensing, laser superconductivity, and communications, the shield method can also utilize the research results in the field of pipelines. During the construction process, sensors are used to detect various data and communicate with the computer control system. The computer automatically determines and adjusts the next operation, making the operation process of shield technology highly automated. In order to adapt to the changing requirements of modern tunnel engineering projects and enable shield technology to be widely used in each tunnel project, shield research institutions use simulated shield machines to carry out relevant shield experiments and develop high-performance and high-reliability shield systems.

[0003] In the published patent technical documents, although there are technologies for conducting relevant shield experiments on simulated shield machines, such as the patent with application number 202110583182X, named a multi-mode shield tunneling test research device, which discloses a simulated rock formation pressurized on a box, and a simulated shield device connected to the box to establish the relationship between the tunneling mode and the deformation characteristics of the stratum; the patent with application number 2019108500925, named a shield tunneling test device for simulating stratum rise, discloses a technology combined with an airbag to measure the impact of tunneling on stratum excavation; the patent with application number 2021100652344, named a mud-water-earth pressure dual-mode switchable shield tunneling simulation test device, discloses a dual shield test mode.

[0004] However, the above technologies cannot be used for complex geological conditions in large-scale mechanical situations. In other words, the pressure of the box body to simulate rock formations is limited by the volume of the box body, and is not suitable for mechanical situations such as the bottom of the riverbed. The airbag deformation is combined with intelligent measurement of uplift, and the impact of the shield on the ground is not limited to uplift. This measurement has limitations. The further dual switching mode of mud and water mixing is only for the application of dual modes, and there is still no way to simulate the excavation of large-scale mechanical situations. For shield excavation in large-scale mechanical situations, there is still a lack of a complete set of simulation measurement equipment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the shield tunneling simulation measurement equipment in the prior art is difficult to handle large-scale mechanical occasions and difficult to cope with complex terrain.

[0006] The specific scheme of the present invention is:

[0007] Design a shield tunneling test platform that is suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, installed in a stepped test space, including a shield tunneling simulation test platform, an engineering structure loading platform adapted to simulate the rock layer compression of the shield equipment, and a real-time observation device for observing the engineering structure loading platform;

[0008] The shield tunneling simulation test platform includes a shield machine module, a shield propulsion module that drives the shield machine module to move horizontally, a mud-water circulation module connected to the shield machine cutterhead, a guide flange mounted on the shield machine, an external end of the shield cylinder, and a main control console installed on the corresponding components of the shield tunneling simulation test platform and connected to its circuit, wherein the main control console includes an electrical control module and a monitoring module;

[0009] The mud pool 401 in the mud-water circulation module is located on the first floor of the stepped test space, and the pipeline equipment is located on the second floor of the stepped test space;

[0010] The engineering structure loading platform includes a specimen loading box with a flip cover on the top, which is filled with test soil. A rectangular door compatible with the shield machine cutter head is arranged on the front of the specimen loading box, and a box flange is installed on the rectangular door, and the box flange cooperates with the guide flange; a pressure simulation mechanism is arranged on the pipeline surface of the specimen loading box except the bottom surface; the real-time observation equipment includes a simulated slope surface installed in the inner cavity of the engineering structure loading platform and above the test soil, and a plurality of positioning points are arranged on the simulated slope surface, and the positioning points are communicatively connected to the main control console to realize the transmission of coordinate data.

[0011] In a specific implementation, the pressure simulation mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic force applying elements installed in an array on the side and top surfaces of the specimen loading box.

[0012] In a specific implementation, the shield tunneling simulation test platform includes a shield cylinder installed on a support frame, wherein the support frame includes a bottom support frame located below the shield cylinder, a screw support frame and guardrails on both sides; a simulated cutter head is installed at one end of the shield cylinder, and the other end of the shield cylinder is connected to a shield propulsion module, wherein the shield propulsion module includes a variable frequency motor, a first-stage gear reducer, a worm gear reducer and a screw in sequence along the power transmission direction, wherein the screw is installed on the screw support frame.

[0013] In specific implementation, the mud and water circulation module includes one slurry feed pump and one slurry discharge pump; a closed-loop control circuit is formed through the slurry feed pump sensor, the slurry discharge pump sensor, and the mud and water bin pressure sensor; the closed-loop control circuit is provided with an automatic manual conversion switch, a pressure reducing valve, an overflow valve, and a bypass valve, a pressure reducing valve is installed on each of the slurry feed pipe and the slurry discharge pipe, and the overflow valve is installed on the slurry feed pipeline; at the same time, a cleaning element is provided on the pipeline of the closed-loop control circuit.

[0014] In a specific implementation, in the pressure simulation mechanism, the hydraulic force applying elements in each row or column are connected in series to form a plurality of parallel pressure applying layers.

[0015] In a specific implementation, the main control console includes an electrical control module, a monitoring module, a control circuit and a display screen. The input end of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module, and the output end of the control circuit is connected to the display screen and the control single-chip microcomputer to adjust the propulsion speed of the propulsion module and the flow rate of the mud and water circulation module.

[0016] In a specific implementation, the electrical control module includes a sensor group, which includes soil pressure sensors provided on the outer wall of the shield cylinder in the four directions of upper, lower, left and right to monitor the soil pressure on the outer side of the shield cylinder; a thrust sensor is provided at the screw connection; a thrust sensor is provided at the tail end of the shield cylinder; a torque sensor is provided at the screw fixing plate; a capacitive flow sensor is provided at the outlet of the mud pump outlet pipe; a temperature sensor is provided on the reducer; and a mud pressure sensor is provided in the mud pool.

[0017] In a specific implementation, a recording mechanism is provided at the edge of the engineering structure loading platform to collect the coordinate information of the positioning point, and the recording mechanism is communicatively connected with the monitoring mechanism.

[0018] A shield tunneling test platform operation method, using the above-mentioned shield tunneling test platform adapted to a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, comprises the following steps:

[0019] (a) Equipment assembly and preparation before testing: Assemble the shield tunneling simulation test platform and the engineering structure loading platform, complete the coordination and debugging, and establish the travel channel of the shield cylinder; install the cutterhead power device inside the shield cylinder, and connect the end of the shield cylinder to the mud water circulation module; place the pre-prepared soil inside the soil box, the soil includes clay and sand mixed and compacted, and set the pressure value of the pressure simulation mechanism to be equivalent to the rock pressure value in the predetermined project;

[0020] (b) Mud pressure setting and shield excavation simulation: The mud pump displacement is not less than 15.4 m 3 / h, the height difference between the mud pool (401) and the mud water tank is 5.6m and the pressure range of the mud water tank is 0~0.8bar, the mud pump head should be not less than 13.6m, and the mud pump displacement is 25m 3 / h, head 15m; after the mud and water circulation module is turned on, the shield propulsion module is started, and the actual power should be no less than 1.76kW propulsion motor is selected to drive the shield cylinder to move under the guidance of the lead screws on both sides; during the movement, the electrical control module collects data information and transmits it to the main control console, and outputs the simulated excavation data;

[0021] (c) Determination of surface deformation of the specimen loading box: After step b, open the upper cover of the specimen loading box, detect the deformation of the upper surface, and output the impact of the excavation process on the ground surface.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] It can realize the functions of data collection, storage, analysis and management during the shield machine construction process, speed up the test and facilitate the compilation of experimental reports;

[0024] Combined with the mud-water circulation module, it can simulate the mechanical rock formations at the bottom of the riverbed or seabed, and ensure that the equipment can withstand high pressure;

[0025] Multiple hydraulic force-applying elements are arranged in an array, which can realize complex mechanical simulation of the soil layer in the soil box, rather than simply pressurizing the side or top surface; the hydraulic force-applying elements are connected in parallel in the same row to achieve the effect of lifting or shrinking together in the same row, preventing the impact of single force application, poor pressure control, and the impact on the life of the equipment. Especially in the process of unloading, the balanced unloading can better simulate the on-site construction environment;

[0026] The multi-layer design ensures the relative independence of mud and water circulation, reducing the difficulty of equipment maintenance;

[0027] All-round and multi-angle electronic components collect data from various excavation processes, which can form a systematic observation of various conditions in the excavation system.

[0028] .In the present invention, the following are greatly improved: (1) equipment operation stability; (2) equipment safety; (3) data reliability principle; (4) data can be automatically analyzed; (5) process visualization; (6) automatic generation of experimental reports; (7) operation automation; (8) simplified operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a front view of the engineering structure loading platform of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The D-direction schematic diagram in FIG.

[0032] Figure 4 It is an overall mechanical stereogram of the shield tunneling simulation test platform in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the overall machinery of the shield tunneling simulation test platform in the invention from another angle;

[0034] Figure 6 This is the main view of the shield tunneling simulation test platform;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a top view of the shield tunneling simulation test platform;

[0036] Figure 8 This is the left view of the shield tunneling simulation test platform;

[0037] Fig. 9 yes Figure 5 Sectional view of CC surface in the structure;

[0038] Fig.10 yes Figure 6 Sectional view of the AA surface in the structure;

[0039] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the guide flange assembly structure;

[0040] Fig.12 This is the schematic diagram of slag discharge in the mud-water circulation module;

[0041] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mud pipe in the mud-water circulation module in the shield tube;

[0042] Fig.14 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the loading platform of the engineering structure;

[0043] The names of the components in the figure are: 1. Shield tunneling simulation test platform; 2. Engineering structure loading platform; 3. Real-time observation equipment; 4. Mud and water circulation module; 5. General control console;

[0044] 101. Box flange; 102. Guide flange; 103. Guide wheel assembly; 104. Shield test machine bracket; 105. Wire drag chain; 106. Turbine worm elevator; 107. Shield assembly; 108. Shield machine cutterhead; 109. Shield cylinder; 110. Lead screw; 111. Thrust seat; 112. Cutterhead motor; 113. Speed ​​reduction variable frequency motor; 114. Slider coupling; 115. Drag chain fixing plate; 116. Tension sensor; 117 Sensor pull plate; 118. Tension pressure sensor; 119. Tension screw; 120. Correction seat; 121. Guardrail; 122. Mud and water tank in the cutterhead; 201. Hydraulic force element; 202. Parallel branch; 203. Specimen filling box; 204. Rectangular hole door; 205. Flip cover; 206. Box flange area; 207. Hydraulic cylinder; 208. Push plate; 209. Pressure sensing element;

[0045] 401. Mud pool; 402. Mud pipe; 403. Sand pump; 404. Slurry pump; 405. Pressure gauge; 406. Electric ball valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A shield tunneling test platform suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, see Figures 1 to 14 , designed and installed in a stepped test space, including a shield tunneling simulation test platform 1, an engineering structure loading platform 2 adapted to simulate the rock layer compression of the shield equipment, and a real-time observation device 3 for observing the engineering structure loading platform;

[0049] The shield tunneling simulation test platform 1 includes a shield machine module, a shield propulsion module that drives the shield machine module to move horizontally, a mud-water circulation module 4 connected to the shield machine cutter head 108, a guide flange 102 mounted on the shield machine, an external end of the shield cylinder 109, and a main control console 5 installed on the corresponding components of the shield tunneling simulation test platform and connected to the circuit thereof, wherein the main control console 5 includes an electrical control module and a monitoring module;

[0050] The mud pool in the mud-water circulation module 4 is located on the first floor of the stepped test space, and the pipeline equipment is located on the second floor of the stepped test space;

[0051] The engineering structure loading platform 2 includes a specimen loading box 203 with a flap 205 on the top, which is filled with test soil. The front of the specimen loading box 203 is provided with a rectangular hole door 204 that matches the shield machine cutter head 108. The rectangular hole door 204 is installed with a box flange 101, and the box flange 101 matches the guide flange 102. The specimen loading box 203 is provided with a pressure simulation mechanism on the pipeline surface except the bottom surface. The real-time observation equipment 3 includes a simulated slope surface installed in the inner cavity of the engineering structure loading platform and above the test soil. The simulated slope surface is provided with multiple positioning points, and the positioning points are connected to the main control console 5 for transmission of coordinate data. The design of the stepped test space is that the mud and water tank is at the bottom layer, which will not interfere too much with the specimen loading box. On the other hand, each functional partition is independent, which reduces the difficulty of later maintenance. The equipment has a large load capacity and a large design footprint.

[0052] The pressure simulation mechanism includes a plurality of hydraulic force applying elements 201 installed in an array on the side and top surfaces of the specimen loading box.

[0053] The shield tunneling simulation test platform comprises a shield cylinder 109 installed on a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a bottom support frame below the shield cylinder 109, a screw support frame and guardrails 121 on both sides; a simulated cutter disc is installed at one end of the shield cylinder 109, and the other end of the shield cylinder (109) is connected to a shield propulsion module, wherein the shield propulsion module comprises a variable frequency motor, a primary gear reducer, a worm gear reducer and a screw in sequence along a power transmission direction, wherein the screw is installed on the screw support frame.

[0054] The mud-water circulation module 4 includes one slurry feed pump and one slurry discharge pump; a closed-loop control circuit is formed through the slurry feed pump sensor, the slurry discharge pump sensor, and the mud-water bin pressure sensor; the closed-loop control circuit is provided with an automatic-manual conversion switch, a pressure reducing valve, an overflow valve, and a bypass valve, a pressure reducing valve is installed on each of the slurry feed pipe and the slurry discharge pipe, and the overflow valve is installed on the slurry feed pipeline; at the same time, a cleaning element is provided on the pipeline of the closed-loop control circuit.

[0055] In the pressure simulation mechanism, the hydraulic force elements 201 of each row or column are connected in series to form multiple parallel pressure layers. The design of series connection followed by parallel connection is that each row or column forms a whole, and the internal part is pressurized in the form of a pressurized surface. When the feed of one oil cylinder is delayed, the resistance in the pipeline increases. According to fluid mechanics, the pressure at the blocked part is instantly increased in other pipelines, and then the blockage is quickly and steadily pushed to eliminate the blockage. However, the design of a single cylinder and a single circuit, once the cylinder is blocked, can only increase the force without an upper limit, which leads to excessive local thrust, and a violent push is used to prevent the blockage from being eliminated, which causes great damage to the equipment.

[0056] The main control console 5 includes an electrical control module, a monitoring module, a control circuit and a display screen. The input end of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module, and the output end of the control circuit is connected to the display screen and the control single-chip microcomputer to adjust the propulsion speed of the propulsion module and the flow rate of the mud and water circulation module.

[0057] The electrical control module includes a sensor group, which includes soil pressure sensors provided along the upper, lower, left and right directions of the outer wall of the shield cylinder to monitor the soil pressure on the outer side of the shield cylinder; a thrust sensor is provided at the connection of the screw 110; a thrust sensor is provided at the tail end of the shield cylinder; a torque sensor is provided on the fixing plate of the screw 110; a capacitive flow sensor is provided at the outlet of the mud pump outlet pipe; a temperature sensor is provided on the reducer; and a mud pressure sensor is provided in the mud pool 401.

[0058] The edge of the engineering structure loading platform 2 is provided with a recording mechanism to collect the coordinate information of the positioning point, and the recording mechanism is connected to the monitoring mechanism for communication. Specifically, the relative displacement of the coordinate point can be compared before and after the test to realize the monitoring of the simulated ground subsidence.

[0059] A shield tunneling test platform operation method, using the above-mentioned shield tunneling test platform adapted to a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, comprises the following steps:

[0060] (a) Equipment assembly and preparation before testing: Assemble the shield tunneling simulation test platform 1 and the engineering structure loading platform 2, complete the coordination and debugging, and establish the travel channel of the shield cylinder 109; install the cutterhead power device inside the shield cylinder 109, and the end of the shield cylinder is connected to the mud-water circulation module 4; place the pre-prepared soil inside the soil box, the soil includes clay and sand mixed and compacted, and set the pressure value of the pressure simulation mechanism to be equivalent to the rock pressure value in the predetermined project;

[0061] (b) Mud pressure setting and shield excavation simulation: The mud pump displacement is not less than 15.4 m 3 / h, the height difference between the mud pool and the mud water tank is 5.6m and the pressure range of the mud water tank is 0~0.8bar, the mud pump head should be no less than 13.6m, and the mud pump displacement is 25m 3 / h, head 15m; after the mud and water circulation module 4 is turned on, the shield propulsion module is started, and the actual power should be not less than 1.76kW propulsion motor is selected to drive the shield cylinder 109 to move under the guidance of the lead screws 110 on both sides; during the movement, the electrical control module collects data information and transmits it to the main control console 5, and outputs the data of simulated excavation;

[0062] (c) Determination of surface deformation of the specimen loading box 203: After step b, the upper cover of the specimen loading box 203 is opened to detect the deformation of the upper surface and output the influence of the excavation process on the ground surface;

[0063] Relying on the engineering structure loading platform 2, the shield tunneling simulation test platform 1 is designed to simulate the shield tunneling process. The main functions include:

[0064] (1) Shield tunneling and excavation of the stratum. Realize the excavation of the reshaped stratum in the engineering structure loading platform 2, and measure relevant parameters such as torque, thrust, mud water chamber pressure, etc. during the tunneling process;

[0065] (2) Setting and controlling the advancement speed. Achieve stable advancement with any set advancement speed between 10 and 100 mm / min;

[0066] (3) Mud discharge and mud water pressure control. Design the mud discharge system and realize the arbitrary setting of mud water pressure between 0 and 0.8 bar and the stable control of mud water tank pressure during excavation.

[0067] The shield tunneling simulation system tunnels into the engineering structure loading platform 2 through the conversion joint. The simulated shield cutter excavation diameter is 620mm, the effective tunneling length is 3m, and the continuous tunneling is completed in one go within the effective tunneling length. An effective seal should be achieved between the tunneling system and the engineering structure loading platform 2 to maintain the stability of the internal pressure of the soil box during tunneling. The tunneling system should make full use of the existing space for layout, and consider the balance measures of torque and reaction force during tunneling. Since the main structure cantilever is long after the tunneling system is fully excavated, the combination with the mud system can effectively prevent the shield from loading or getting stuck.

[0068] In the design of mud pipe 402, three types of mud valves are installed, namely pressure reducing valve, overflow valve and bypass valve. A pressure reducing valve is installed on each of the inlet and outlet pipes to control the pressure in the pipeline by adjusting the flow rate. The overflow valve is installed on the inlet pipeline. When the system pressure is too high, the overflow valve is opened to unload part of the mud in the inlet pipeline back to the mud pool to achieve the purpose of regulating the system pressure. The bypass valve is installed between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe. When the system is started, the bypass mode is opened first to stabilize the operation of the circulation system; when the system pressure is too high, the bypass valve is opened, and part of the mud in the inlet pipeline is unloaded to the mud pool 401 through the outlet pipeline by the outlet pump, which can also achieve the purpose of regulating the system pressure.

[0069] The opening of all mud valves is controlled by hydraulic cylinders, and the rotary encoder or sensor is used to control the rotation angle of the hydraulic cylinder to open the mud valve. The opening and closing accuracy is achieved by the rotary encoder or sensor. The above measures and methods are used to adjust the mud flow in the pipeline. In addition, the pushing speed of the lead screw 110 is adjusted by the pushing servo motor, and finally the goal of controlling the pressure accuracy of the mud and water tank is achieved.

[0070] The pressure sensor is located in the mud, with the same pressure in all directions, sensing the internal pressure to ensure that the pressure on the earth wall meets the requirements. The differential pressure sensor is located at the mud inlet and outlet to protect the outlet pipeline from excessive pressure, which may cause the risk of pipeline bursting, excavation face collapse and surrounding strata settlement.

[0071] Displacement sensor: Since the mechanical transmission distance is different from that of the actual shield machine and the distance is longer, a wire encoder or laser rangefinder is used for distance measurement.

[0072] Soil pressure sensor: It is installed outside the cylinder and distributed around to sense the pressure of soil layers in different directions. The pressure sensor has an accuracy of 0.5%FS and 1%FS.

[0073] The shield propulsion module adopts a motor + first-stage gear reducer + worm gear reducer + lead screw 110 device. The first-stage reducer is a K series hardened gear reducer, and the motor is a variable frequency motor. The propulsion speed of the shield tunneling simulation test platform 1 is achieved by adjusting the motor speed through the frequency converter.

[0074] A variable frequency motor is used to simultaneously drive two worm gear lifts through a primary reducer to ensure synchronization of both sides during feeding; the feeding speed can also be precisely controlled; the rod end of the worm gear lift is connected to the guide flange 102, making full use of the strength of the box itself and reducing the requirements for fixing the auxiliary support frame to the ground; a support roller is installed under the thrust seat 111, and the support roller can be adjusted in height to keep the shield machine barrel in a horizontal position during assembly.

[0075] The existing design of the propulsion module has the following advantages:

[0076] The structure is compact and the existing space is effectively utilized; the force-increasing effect is good through screw transmission; the worm gear has a self-locking function and has a small recoil on the motor; the double elevator structure has good propulsion synchronization; the servo system is controlled and the transmission speed is stable. The guide wheel group supports and guides the outer wall of the shield cylinder 109, and a screw fixing seat is arranged on the outside to facilitate the installation and fixing of the screw 110.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling test platform suitable for a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions, characterized by: Installed in a stepped test space, the device comprises a shield tunneling simulation test platform (1), an engineering structure loading platform (2) adapted to simulate the rock layer compression condition of the shield equipment, and a real-time observation device (3) for observing the engineering structure loading platform (2); The shield tunneling simulation test platform (1) comprises a shield machine module, a shield propulsion module for driving the shield machine module to move horizontally, a mud-water circulation module (4) connected to the shield machine cutterhead (108), a guide flange (102) on the outside of the end of the shield cylinder (109), and a main control console (5) installed on the corresponding components of the shield tunneling simulation test platform (1) and connected to the circuit thereof, wherein the main control console (5) comprises an electrical control module and a monitoring module; The mud pool (401) in the mud-water circulation module (4) is located on the first floor of the stepped test space, and the pipeline equipment is located on the second floor of the stepped test space; The engineering structure loading platform (2) comprises a specimen loading box (203) with a flap (205) on the top, the interior of which is filled with test soil, and a rectangular hole door (204) adapted to the shield machine cutter head (108) is arranged on the front of the specimen loading box (203), a box flange (101) is installed on the rectangular hole door (204), and the box flange (101) is matched with the guide flange (102); a pressure simulation mechanism is arranged on the pipeline surface of the specimen loading box (203) except the bottom surface; the real-time observation equipment (3) comprises a pressure simulation mechanism installed in the inner cavity of the engineering structure loading platform (2), A simulated slope surface above the test soil, wherein a plurality of positioning points are arranged on the simulated slope surface, wherein the positioning points are communicatively connected to a main control console (5) to realize transmission of coordinate data, wherein the pressure simulation mechanism comprises a plurality of hydraulic force applying elements (201) installed in an array on the side and top surfaces of the specimen loading box (203), wherein each row or column of the hydraulic force applying elements (201) are connected in series to form a plurality of parallel pressure applying layers, and a recording mechanism is arranged at the edge of the engineering structure loading platform (2) to collect the coordinate information of the positioning points, wherein the recording mechanism is communicatively connected to the monitoring module.

2. The shield tunneling test platform adapted to various large-scale mechanical occasions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A shield tunneling simulation test platform (1) comprises a shield cylinder (109) mounted on a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a bottom support frame located below the shield cylinder (109), a screw support frame, and guardrails (121) on both sides; a simulated cutter head is mounted on one end of the shield cylinder (109), and the other end of the shield cylinder (109) is connected to a shield propulsion module, wherein the shield propulsion module comprises a speed reduction variable frequency motor, a slider coupling for transmitting power, a worm gear reducer, and a screw in sequence along a power transmission direction, wherein the screw is mounted on the screw support frame.

3. The shield tunneling test platform adapted to various large-scale mechanical occasions as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The mud-water circulation module (4) comprises one slurry inlet pump and one slurry discharge pump; a closed-loop control circuit is formed through a slurry inlet pump sensor, a slurry discharge pump sensor, and a slurry bin pressure sensor; the closed-loop control circuit is provided with an automatic-manual conversion switch, a pressure reducing valve, an overflow valve, and a bypass valve; a pressure reducing valve is installed on each of the slurry inlet pipe and the slurry discharge pipe, and the overflow valve is installed on the slurry inlet pipeline; and a cleaning element is provided on the pipeline of the closed-loop control circuit.

4. The shield tunneling test platform adapted to various large-scale mechanical occasions as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The main control console (5) comprises an electrical control module, a monitoring module, a control circuit and a display screen, wherein an input end of the control circuit is connected to the electrical control module and the monitoring module, and an output end of the control circuit is connected to the display screen and a control single chip microcomputer to adjust the propulsion speed of the propulsion module and the flow rate of the mud and water circulation module.

5. The shield tunneling test platform adapted to various large-scale mechanical occasions as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The electrical control module includes a sensor group, which includes soil pressure sensors respectively arranged along the outer wall of the shield cylinder (109) in four directions, namely, upper, lower, left and right, to monitor the soil pressure on the side of the shield cylinder (109); a thrust sensor is arranged at the connection of the lead screw (110); a thrust sensor is arranged at the tail end of the shield cylinder (109); a torque sensor is arranged on the fixing plate of the lead screw (110); a capacitive flow sensor is arranged at the outlet of the mud pump and the outlet of the discharge pipe; a temperature sensor is arranged on the reducer; and a mud pressure sensor is arranged in the mud pool (401).

6. A method for using a shield tunneling test platform, using the shield tunneling test platform adapted to a variety of large-scale mechanical occasions as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (a) Equipment assembly and preparation before testing: Assemble the shield tunneling simulation test platform (1) and the engineering structure loading platform (2), complete the coordinated debugging at the same time, and establish the travel channel of the shield cylinder (109); install a cutterhead power device inside the shield cylinder (109), and the end of the shield cylinder (109) is connected to the mud water circulation module (4); place pre-prepared soil inside the specimen filling box (203), the soil includes clay and sand mixed and compacted, and adjust the pressure value of the pressure simulation mechanism to be equivalent to the rock pressure value in the predetermined project; (b) Mud pressure setting and shield excavation simulation: The mud pump displacement is not less than 15.4 m 3 / h, the height difference between the mud pool (401) and the mud and water bin is 5.6m, the pressure range of the mud and water bin is 0 to 0.8bar, the mud pump head is not less than 13.6m, and the head is 15m; after the mud and water circulation module (4) is opened for circulation, the shield propulsion module is started, and the actual power of the propulsion motor not less than 1.76kW is selected to drive the shield cylinder (109) to move under the guidance of the lead screws (110) on both sides; during the movement process, the electrical control module collects data information and transmits it to the main control console (5), and outputs the data of simulated excavation; (c) Determination of surface deformation of the specimen loading box (203): After step (b), the upper cover of the specimen loading box (203) is opened, the deformation of the upper surface is detected, and the impact of the excavation process on the ground surface is output.

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