Vibrating device and apparatus comprising the same

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a vibration device and an apparatus including the same. A vibration device includes a vibration portion, a first electrode portion disposed at a first surface of the vibration portion, and a second electrode portion disposed at a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion include at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to vibration devices and equipment including such vibration devices, and more specifically, to vibration devices having improved vibration characteristics and equipment including such vibration devices. Background Technology

[0002] Display devices display images on a display panel and should be equipped with separate speakers to provide sound. When speakers are placed inside the display device, they occupy space, thus limiting the design and space arrangement of the display device.

[0003] Because the sound output from the speakers travels backward or downward from the display device, the sound quality deteriorates due to interference between sounds reflected from walls or the floor. This makes it difficult to transmit sound accurately and reduces the viewer's or user's immersion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the inventors of this disclosure recognized the above-mentioned problems and conducted various experiments to realize a vibration device that can improve sound quality and sound pressure level characteristics. Through various experiments, a device having a novel structure including a vibration device capable of improving sound quality and sound pressure level characteristics was invented.

[0005] Therefore, this disclosure provides a vibration device and an apparatus including the vibration device that substantially eliminate one or more problems caused by the limitations and disadvantages of the prior art.

[0006] One aspect of this disclosure provides a vibration device capable of generating sound by vibrating a display panel and having improved sound pressure level characteristics, as well as an apparatus including the vibration device.

[0007] Further advantages and features of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned from practice of this disclosure. The objects and other advantages of this disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and claims and the accompanying drawings.

[0008] To achieve these and other advantages, and in accordance with the purposes of this disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, a vibration device is provided comprising a vibration portion, a first electrode portion disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion comprise at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

[0009] In another aspect, a vibration device includes: a first electrode portion, a first vibration portion disposed on the rear surface of the first electrode portion, a third electrode portion disposed on the rear surface of the first vibration portion, a second vibration portion disposed on the rear surface of the third electrode portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on the rear surface of the second vibration portion, wherein the first vibration portion and the second vibration portion have polarization directions opposite to each other.

[0010] In another aspect, an apparatus includes a vibrating object and a vibration generating device disposed on a surface of the vibrating object, wherein the vibration generating device includes a vibrating portion, a first electrode portion disposed on a first surface of the vibrating portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on a second surface of the vibrating portion, wherein the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion include at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

[0011] Appendix 1. A vibration device, the vibration device comprising:

[0012] Vibrating part;

[0013] A first electrode portion, wherein the first electrode portion is disposed on a first surface of the vibrating portion; and

[0014] The second electrode portion is disposed on the second surface of the vibrating portion.

[0015] Each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

[0016] Appendix 2. The vibration device according to Appendix 1, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is configured as a single layer, and

[0017] Each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes conductive metal nanoparticles.

[0018] Note 3. The vibration device according to Note 2, wherein the conductive metal nanoparticles include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0019] Note 4. The vibration device according to Note 2, wherein the conductive metal nanoparticles have a particle size of less than or equal to 1 μm.

[0020] Appendix 5. The vibration device according to Appendix 1, wherein the first electrode portion comprises:

[0021] A first layer, disposed adjacent to the vibrating portion, the first layer comprising carbon particles; and

[0022] The second layer is disposed on the first layer and includes conductive metal flake particles.

[0023] Note 6. The vibration device according to Note 5, wherein the thickness of the first layer of the first electrode portion is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer of the first electrode portion is in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm.

[0024] Note 7. The vibration device according to Note 5, wherein the conductive metal sheet particles comprise at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0025] Note 8. The vibration device according to Note 5, wherein the conductive metal sheet particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0026] Note 9. The vibration device according to Note 5, wherein the carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0027] Note 10. The vibration device according to Note 9, wherein,

[0028] The carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and

[0029] The carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0030] Note 11. The vibration device according to Note 1, wherein the second electrode portion comprises:

[0031] A first layer, disposed adjacent to the vibrating portion, the first layer comprising carbon particles; and

[0032] The second layer is disposed on the first layer and includes conductive metal flake particles.

[0033] Note 12. The vibration device according to Note 11, wherein the thickness of the first layer of the second electrode portion is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion is in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm.

[0034] Note 13. The vibration device according to Note 11, wherein the conductive metal sheet particles comprise at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0035] Note 14. The vibration device according to Note 11, wherein the conductive metal sheet particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0036] Note 15. The vibration device according to Note 11, wherein the carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0037] Note 16. The vibration device according to Note 15, wherein,

[0038] The carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and

[0039] The carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0040] Note 17. The vibration device according to Note 1, wherein the vibration part comprises:

[0041] Multiple inorganic vibrating components, each of which includes a piezoelectric material; and

[0042] An organic vibration portion, wherein the organic vibration portion is located between at least two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions.

[0043] Note 18. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein the plurality of inorganic vibration parts are formed of a ceramic matrix material capable of achieving relatively high vibration or a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystal structure.

[0044] Note 19. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein the plurality of inorganic vibration parts have a piezoelectric strain coefficient d of 1000 pC / N or greater in the thickness direction of the vibration device. 33 .

[0045] Note 20. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein the organic vibration part comprises at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0046] Note 21. The vibration device according to Note 20, wherein the plurality of inorganic vibration parts and the organic vibration parts are arranged alternately and repeatedly along a first direction or a second direction of the vibration device.

[0047] Note 22. The vibration device according to Note 21, wherein each of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions has a first width parallel to the first direction or the second direction, and each of the organic vibration portions has a second width parallel to the first direction or the second direction, the second width being the same as or different from the first width.

[0048] Note 23. The vibration device according to Note 22, wherein the second width of each of the organic vibration portions gradually decreases from the middle portion of the vibration portion toward the two edge portions of the vibration portion.

[0049] Note 24. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is configured as a single layer, and

[0050] Each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes conductive metal nanoparticles and piezoelectric nanoparticles.

[0051] Note 25. The vibration device according to Note 24, wherein the piezoelectric nanoparticles comprise the same material as the inorganic vibration part, and

[0052] The piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0053] Note 26. The vibration device according to Note 24, wherein,

[0054] The conductive metal nanoparticles include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu), and

[0055] The conductive metal nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0056] Note 27. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein the first electrode portion comprises:

[0057] A first layer, disposed adjacent to the vibrating portion, comprising carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles; and

[0058] The second layer is disposed on the first layer and includes conductive metal flake particles.

[0059] Note 28. The vibration device according to Note 27, wherein the piezoelectric nanoparticles comprise the same material as the material of the inorganic vibration part, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0060] Note 29. The vibration device according to Note 27, wherein,

[0061] The conductive metal flake particles include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu), and

[0062] The conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0063] Note 30. The vibration device according to Note 27, wherein,

[0064] The carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0065] The carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and

[0066] The carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0067] Note 31. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein at least one of the first layer of the first electrode portion and the first layer of the second electrode portion comprises:

[0068] The first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion; and

[0069] The second part overlapping with the organic vibrating part,

[0070] The first portion includes at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and

[0071] The second part includes at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0072] Note 32. The vibration device according to Note 17, wherein the second electrode portion comprises:

[0073] A first layer, wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent to the vibrating portion; and

[0074] The second layer is located on top of the first layer.

[0075] The first layer comprises carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and

[0076] The second layer comprises conductive metal flake particles.

[0077] Note 33. The vibration device according to Note 32, wherein the piezoelectric nanoparticles comprise the same material as the material of the inorganic vibration part, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0078] Note 34. The vibration device according to Note 32, wherein,

[0079] The conductive metal flake particles include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu), and

[0080] The conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0081] Note 35. The vibration device according to Note 32, wherein,

[0082] The carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0083] The carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and

[0084] The carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0085] Note 36. The vibration device according to Note 27, wherein the first layer of the first electrode portion comprises:

[0086] The first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion; and

[0087] The second part overlapping with the organic vibrating part,

[0088] The first portion includes at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and

[0089] The second part includes at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0090] Note 37. The vibration device according to Note 32, wherein the first layer of the second electrode portion comprises:

[0091] The first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion; and

[0092] The second part overlapping with the organic vibrating part,

[0093] The first portion includes at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and

[0094] The second part includes at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0095] Note 38. According to the vibration device described in Note 1, the vibration device further includes:

[0096] A first protective member is disposed on the first surface of the vibrating portion; and

[0097] A second protective member is disposed on the second surface of the vibrating part.

[0098] Appendix 39. A vibration device, the vibration device comprising:

[0099] First electrode section;

[0100] The first vibration part is disposed on the rear surface of the first electrode part;

[0101] The third electrode portion is disposed on the rear surface of the first vibration portion;

[0102] The second vibration portion is disposed on the rear surface of the third electrode portion; and

[0103] The second electrode portion is disposed on the rear surface of the second vibration portion.

[0104] The first vibration portion and the second vibration portion have opposite polarization directions.

[0105] Note 40. The vibration device according to Note 39, wherein the first electrode portion comprises:

[0106] A first layer, wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent to the front surface of the first vibrating portion, the first layer comprising carbon particles; and

[0107] The second layer is disposed on the first layer and includes conductive metal flake particles.

[0108] Note 41. The vibration device according to Note 39, wherein the second electrode portion comprises:

[0109] A first layer, wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent to the front surface of the first vibrating portion; and

[0110] The second layer is located on top of the first layer.

[0111] The first layer comprises carbon particles, and

[0112] The second layer comprises conductive metal flake particles.

[0113] Note 42. The vibration device according to Note 39, wherein the third electrode portion comprises:

[0114] The first layer is disposed adjacent to the rear surface of the first vibrating portion;

[0115] A third layer, wherein the third layer is disposed adjacent to the front surface of the second vibration portion; and

[0116] The second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer.

[0117] Each of the first and third layers comprises carbon particles, and

[0118] The second layer comprises conductive metal flake particles.

[0119] Note 43. The vibration device according to Note 42, wherein the thickness of the first layer of the third electrode portion is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, the thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion is in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm, and the thickness of the third layer of the third electrode portion is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0120] Note 44. The vibration device according to Note 39, wherein the vibration part comprises:

[0121] Multiple inorganic vibrating components, each of which includes a piezoelectric material; and

[0122] An organic vibration portion is located between two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions.

[0123] Note 45. The vibration device according to Note 44, wherein the organic vibration part comprises at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0124] Note 46. The vibration device according to Note 39 further includes:

[0125] A first protective member is disposed on the front surface of the vibration device; and

[0126] The second protective member is disposed on the rear surface of the vibration device.

[0127] Note 47. An apparatus including a vibration device, said apparatus comprising:

[0128] Vibrating objects; and

[0129] A vibration generating device, wherein the vibration generating device is disposed on one surface of the vibrating object.

[0130] The vibration generating device includes a vibration device according to one or more of Appendix 1 to 46.

[0131] Note 48. The device according to Note 47 further includes:

[0132] A connecting member is disposed between the vibration device and the vibration object, and is configured to connect the vibration device to the rear surface of the vibration object.

[0133] Note 49. The device according to Note 48, wherein the connecting member includes a hollow portion disposed between the vibrating object and the vibrating device, the hollow portion being used to provide an air gap between the vibrating object and the vibrating device.

[0134] Note 50. The device according to Note 47, wherein,

[0135] The vibrating object includes one or more of the following: a display panel having pixels configured to display images, a screen panel projecting images from a display device, a lighting panel, a vibrating plate, wood, plastic, glass, cloth, interior materials of a vehicle, glass windows of a vehicle, interior ceilings of a building, glass windows of a building, interior materials of an aircraft, and glass windows of an aircraft.

[0136] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of this disclosure are exemplary and explanatory, and are intended to provide further explanation of the claimed disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0137] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. They illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0138] Figure 1 An example of a vibration device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0139] Figure 2A yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the vibrating part of the vibration device.

[0140] Figure 2B yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the vibrating part of the vibration device.

[0141] Figure 2C yes Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph of the vibrating part of the vibration device.

[0142] Figure 3A This is an atomic force micrograph of the surface of the vibrating portion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0143] Figure 3B It is along Figure 3A Illuminance values ​​for the I-I' line scan.

[0144] Figure 4A It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device.

[0145] Figure 4B It was taken using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 4A A photograph of the boundary between the vibrating part and the electrode part of the vibration generator.

[0146] Figure 5 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0147] Figure 6A This is an example Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device.

[0148] Figure 6B It was taken using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 6A A photograph of the vibration generator and electrode components.

[0149] Figure 7 and Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a vibration generator of a vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0150] Figure 9 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0151] Figure 10 This is an example Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device.

[0152] Figure 11 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0153] Figure 12 This is an example Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device.

[0154] Figure 13 Polarization according to embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 11 Methods for the vibration part of a vibration device.

[0155] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C A vibration device including a vibration drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated, and the behavior of a vibration generator caused by a voltage applied to a flexible cable is shown.

[0156] Figure 15 and Figure 16 This is a perspective view of the vibration portion of a vibration generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0157] Figure 17 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0158] Figure 18AThis is a cross-sectional view of a vibration generator according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0159] Figure 18B It is an embodiment of the present disclosure having Figure 18A Scanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator with the structure shown.

[0160] Figure 19A This is a cross-sectional view of a vibration generator according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0161] Figure 19B It is an embodiment of the present disclosure having Figure 19A Scanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator with the structure shown.

[0162] Figure 20A and Figure 20B It is based on the embodiments of this disclosure, by changing the having Figure 18A The scanning electron micrographs were taken after the electrode part of the vibration generator structure was prepared by sintering at the specified temperature.

[0163] Figure 21A and Figure 21B The experimental conditions for measuring the acoustic properties of a vibrating device are illustrated.

[0164] Figure 22 It is a relative bar chart showing the acoustic characteristics of the vibration devices of Examples 1 to 7.

[0165] Figure 23 An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0166] Figure 24 It is along Figure 23 The cross-sectional view taken from line II-II' in the diagram.

[0167] Figure 25 It is along Figure 23 Another cross-sectional view taken from line II-II' in the diagram.

[0168] Figure 26 An apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0169] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of this disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, detailed descriptions of well-known functions or configurations relevant to this document will be omitted or provided only briefly when such detailed descriptions unnecessarily obscure the essential points of the inventive concept. The described progression of processing steps and / or operations is exemplary; however, the order of steps and / or operations is not limited to that set forth herein and can be varied as is known in the art, except for steps and / or operations that must occur in a specific order. Throughout the document, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. The names of the various elements used in the following description are chosen solely for ease of writing and may therefore differ from those used in actual products.

[0170] The advantages and features of this disclosure and its implementation methods will be illustrated by the following embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments described. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, this disclosure is limited only by the scope of the claims.

[0171] The shapes, dimensions, ratios, angles, and quantities disclosed in the accompanying drawings used to describe embodiments of this disclosure are merely examples, and therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the details shown. Throughout this disclosure, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. In the following description, detailed descriptions that would unnecessarily obscure the focus of this disclosure will be omitted or provided briefly.

[0172] When using the terms “comprising,” “having,” and “including” as described in this specification, another component may be added unless “only” is used. Unless otherwise indicated, singular terms may include plural forms.

[0173] When interpreting a component, even without an explicit description of such an error or tolerance range, the component is interpreted as including an error or tolerance range.

[0174] When describing positional relationships, for example, when the positional relationship between two components is described as such as "above," "on top," "above," "below," and "adjacent," one or more other components may be placed between the two components unless more restrictive terms such as "exactly" or "directly" are used.

[0175] When describing temporal relationships, such as when time sequence is described as "after," "following," "next," and "before," discontinuous situations may be included unless more restrictive terms such as "exactly," "immediately," or "directly" are used.

[0176] It should be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0177] In describing the elements of this disclosure, the terms “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” “(b),” etc., may be used. These terms are intended to identify corresponding elements from other elements, and the basis, order, or number of corresponding elements shall not be limited by these terms. Unless otherwise specified, the expression “connected,” “joined,” or “adheded” to another element or layer means that the element or layer may be directly connected, joined, or adhered to another element or layer, or indirectly connected, joined, or adhered to another element or layer, and that one or more intermediate elements or layers are “set” or “inserted” between elements or layers.

[0178] The term "at least one" should be understood to include any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. For example, "at least one of the first, second, and third items" means a combination of two or more items from the first, second, and third items, as well as all items derived from the first, second, or third item.

[0179] Features of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be linked or combined with each other in part or in whole, and, as will be fully understood by those skilled in the art, may interoperate with each other and be technically driven in various ways. Embodiments of this disclosure may be performed independently of each other or may be performed together in an interdependent relationship.

[0180] In embodiments of this disclosure, examples of display devices may include narrowly defined display devices such as organic light-emitting display (OLED) modules or liquid crystal modules (LCMs) that include a display panel and a driver for driving the display panel. Furthermore, examples of display devices may include assemblies (or kits) or assemblies of electronic equipment such as notebook computers, TVs, computer monitors, etc.; equipment including automotive devices or other types of devices for vehicles; or mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or tablet computers, which are finished products (or final products) including LCMs or OLED modules.

[0181] Therefore, in some embodiments of this disclosure, examples of display devices may include the display device itself in the narrow sense, such as an LCM or OLED module, as well as a complete set of equipment as an end consumer device or application product including an LCM or OLED module.

[0182] In some embodiments of this disclosure, an LCM or OLED module including a display panel and a driver may be referred to as a display device in the narrow sense, and an electronic device that is a final product including an LCM or OLED module may be referred to as an assembly (or kit). For example, a display device in the narrow sense may include a display panel such as an LCD or OLED and a source printed circuit board (PCB) as a controller for driving the display panel. An assembly may also include an assembly PCB, which is an assembly controller electrically connected to the source PCB to control the assembly as a whole.

[0183] The display panel used in some embodiments of this disclosure may use all types of display panels, such as liquid crystal display panels, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panels, and electroluminescent display panels, but is not limited to a specific display panel that is vibrated by the sound generating device according to embodiments of this disclosure to output sound. Furthermore, the shape or size of the display panel used in the display device according to embodiments of this disclosure is not limited.

[0184] For example, if the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel, the display panel may include multiple gate lines, multiple data lines, and multiple pixels respectively disposed in multiple pixel regions defined by the intersections of the gate lines and the data lines. Furthermore, the display panel may include an array substrate, a top substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the array substrate and the top substrate. The array substrate includes thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are switching elements for adjusting the light transmittance of each of the multiple pixels, and the top substrate includes a color filter and / or a black matrix.

[0185] Furthermore, if the display panel is an organic light-emitting display panel, it may include multiple gate lines, multiple data lines, and multiple pixels respectively disposed in multiple pixel regions defined by the intersections of the gate lines and data lines. Additionally, the display panel may include an array substrate, an organic light-emitting device layer, and an encapsulation substrate. The array substrate includes thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are elements for selectively applying voltage to each pixel. The organic light-emitting device layer is located on the array substrate, and the encapsulation substrate is disposed on the array substrate to cover the organic light-emitting device layer. The encapsulation substrate can protect the thin-film transistors (TFTs) and the organic light-emitting device layer from external impacts and can prevent moisture or oxygen from penetrating into the organic light-emitting device layer. Furthermore, the layers disposed on the array substrate may include inorganic light-emitting layers (e.g., nanomaterial layers, quantum dots, etc.). As another example, the layers disposed on the array substrate may include micro-light-emitting diodes.

[0186] The display panel may also include a backing, such as a metal plate, attached to the display panel. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to metal plates, and the display panel may include another structure.

[0187] In embodiments of this disclosure, the display panel can be applied to a vehicle as a user interface module (e.g., for a car's central control panel). For example, the display panel can be positioned between occupants sitting in the two front seats to facilitate the transmission of vibrations from the display panel into the vehicle interior. Therefore, the audio experience in the vehicle is improved compared to having speakers positioned inside the vehicle.

[0188] In the following, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When adding reference numerals to elements in each drawing, the same reference numerals may denote the same elements even if they are shown in other drawings. Furthermore, for ease of description, the scale of each element shown in the drawings differs from the actual scale; therefore, the description is not limited to the scales shown in the drawings.

[0189] Figure 1 An example of a vibration device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2A yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the vibrating portion of the vibration device. All components of each vibration device according to all embodiments of this disclosure are operatively connected and configured.

[0190] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2A According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration device 200 includes a vibration generator 230, which may include a vibration portion 231, a first electrode portion 233 disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion 231, and a second electrode portion 235 disposed on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the vibration portion 231. Furthermore, the vibration device 200 may be disposed on a surface of a vibration object 100 and may transmit vibration to the vibration object 100 via a connecting member 150.

[0191] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration object 100 may be one or more of the following: a display panel having pixels configured to display images, a screen panel projecting images from a display device, a lighting panel, a vibrating plate, wood, plastic, glass, cloth, interior materials of a vehicle, glass windows of a vehicle, interior ceilings of a building, glass windows of a building, interior materials of an aircraft, and glass windows of an aircraft.

[0192] The vibrating portion 231 may include a piezoelectric material, a composite piezoelectric material, or an electroactive material exhibiting a piezoelectric effect. The vibrating portion 231 may include inorganic and organic materials. For example, the vibrating portion 231 may include multiple inorganic material portions formed of a piezoelectric material and at least one organic material portion formed of a soft material. For example, the vibrating portion 231 may be represented as a piezoelectric vibrating portion, a piezoelectric composite material layer, a piezoelectric composite material, or a piezoelectric ceramic composite material, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Since the vibrating portion 231 may be formed of a transparent, translucent, or opaque piezoelectric material, the vibrating portion 231 may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. The vibrating portion 231 or the vibration generator 230 may be represented as a flexible vibration generator, a flexible actuator, a flexible loudspeaker, a flexible piezoelectric loudspeaker, a thin-film actuator, a thin-film piezoelectric composite actuator, a thin-film loudspeaker, a thin-film piezoelectric loudspeaker, or a thin-film piezoelectric composite loudspeaker, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0193] The vibration portion 231 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a plurality of first portions 231a and a plurality of second portions 231b. For example, the plurality of first portions 231a and the plurality of second portions 231b may be alternately and repeatedly arranged along a first direction X (or a second direction Y). For example, the first direction X may be the horizontal direction of the vibration portion 231, and the second direction Y may be the vertical direction of the vibration portion 231 intersecting the first direction X, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the first direction X may be the vertical direction of the vibration portion 231, and the second direction Y may be the horizontal direction of the vibration portion 231.

[0194] Each of the plurality of first portions 231a may be formed of an inorganic material portion. The inorganic material portion may include the materials described above. For example, the first portion 231a may be formed of a ceramic matrix material capable of achieving relatively high vibrations or a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystal structure. The perovskite crystal structure has piezoelectric effect and reverse piezoelectric effect, and may be an oriented plate-like structure. The perovskite crystal structure is represented by the chemical formula ABO3, where the A site may be formed by a divalent metal element and the B site may be formed by a tetravalent metal element. As an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the chemical formula ABO3, the A site and the B site may be cations, and O may be an anion. For example, the perovskite crystal structure may include at least one of PbTiO3, PbZrO3, PbZrTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0195] The first part 231a of the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and niobium (Nb), but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0196] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the first portion 231a may comprise a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based material including lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti), or a lead zirconate titanate nickel niobate (PZNN)-based material including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb), but is not limited thereto. Alternatively, the first portion 231a may comprise at least one of CaTiO3, BaTiO3, and SrTiO3 without lead (Pb), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0197] In another embodiment of this disclosure, the first portion 231a may have a piezoelectric strain coefficient d of 1000 pC / N or greater in the thickness direction Z. 33 It has a high voltage strain coefficient d. 33 The vibration device 200 can be applied to large-size display panels, or can have sufficient vibration or piezoelectric properties. For example, the first part 231a can have a PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3) as the main component, and can include a softening dopant material doped to the A site (Pb) and a relaxation ferroelectric material (ZrTi) doped to the B site.

[0198] The softener dopant material can improve the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the first part 231a; for example, it can increase the piezoelectric strain coefficient d of the first part 231a. 33 When the softener dopant material includes a +1 valence element, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties may decrease. For example, when the softener dopant material includes potassium (K) and rubidium (Rb), the piezoelectric and dielectric properties can decrease. Therefore, through various experiments, it has been recognized that the softener dopant material should include +2 to +3 valence elements to improve the piezoelectric and dielectric properties. The softener dopant material according to embodiments of this disclosure may include +2 to +3 valence elements. Since quasi-isomorphic phase boundaries (MPBs) can be configured by including the softener dopant material in the PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3), the piezoelectric and dielectric properties can be improved. For example, the softener dopant material may be strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), calcium (Ca), yttrium (Y), erbium (Er), or ytterbium (Yb). For example, the softener dopant material doped in the PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3) contains ions (Sr... 2+ Ba 2+ La 2+ 、Nb 5+ Ca 2+ Y 3+ Er 3+ and Yb 3+This material can replace a portion of the lead (Pb) in PZT-based materials (PbZrTiO3), with the substitution amount ranging from 0.01 mol% to 0.2 mol%. For example, if the substitution amount is less than 2 mol% or more than 20 mol%, the perovskite crystal structure is destroyed, thereby affecting the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) and the piezoelectric strain coefficient d. 33 It may decrease. When the softener dopant material is replaced, a morphotropic phase boundary region can be formed, and high voltage and dielectric properties can be obtained in the phase transition boundary region, thereby realizing a vibration device with high voltage and dielectric properties.

[0199] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the relaxed ferroelectric material doped in a PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3) can improve the electrical deformation characteristics of the first portion 231a. The relaxed ferroelectric material according to embodiments of this disclosure may include a lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-based material or a lead nickel niobate (PNN)-based material, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The PMN-based material may include lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and niobium (Nb), and may be, for example, Pb(Mg,Nb)O3. The PNN-based material may include lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb), and may be, for example, Pb(Ni,Nb)O3. For example, the relaxed ferroelectric material doped in the PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3) replaces a portion of each of zirconium (Zr) and titanium (Ti) in the PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3), and the replacement amount may be from 5 mol% to 25 mol%. For example, if the substitution amount is less than 5 mol% or more than 25 mol%, the perovskite crystal structure is destroyed, thereby affecting the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) and the piezoelectric strain coefficient d. 33 It may decrease.

[0200] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first part 231a may further include a donor material doped in the B site (ZrTi) of the PZT-based material (PbZrTiO3) to further improve the piezoelectric coefficient. For example, the donor material doped in the B site (ZrTi) may include elements with a +4 to +6 valence. For example, the donor material doped in the B site (ZrTi) may include tellurium (Te), germanium (Ge), uranium (U), bismuth (Bi), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), antimony (Sb), or tungsten (W).

[0201] Since the first part 231a of the embodiment according to this disclosure can have a piezoelectric strain coefficient d of 1000 pC / N or greater in the thickness direction Z. 33 Therefore, it is possible to realize a vibration device with improved vibration characteristics. For example, a vibration device with improved vibration characteristics can be realized in a device with a large area.

[0202] Each of the plurality of first portions 231a according to the implementation of this disclosure may be disposed between a plurality of second portions 231b. The plurality of second portions 231b may be disposed (or arranged) parallel to each other, wherein the plurality of first portions 231a are interposed between the plurality of second portions 231b. Each of the plurality of first portions 231a may have a first width W1 parallel to a first direction X (or a second direction Y) and may have a length parallel to the second direction Y (or the first direction X). Each of the plurality of second portions 231b may have a second width W2 parallel to the first direction X (or the second direction Y), or may have a length parallel to the second direction Y (or the first direction X). The first width W1 may be the same as or different from the second width W2. Each of the plurality of second portions 231b may have the same dimensions (e.g., the same width, the same area, or the same volume). For example, within the range of process errors (or tolerances) arising in the manufacturing process, each of the plurality of second portions 231b may have the same dimensions (e.g., the same width, the same area, or the same volume). For example, the first width W1 may be greater than the second width W2. For example, the first portion 231a and the second portion 231b may include linear or striped shapes having the same or different dimensions. Therefore, the vibrating portion 231 may have a 2-2 composite comprising the first portion 231a and the second portion 231b to have a resonant frequency of 20 kHz or lower, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the resonant frequency of the vibrating portion 231 may be varied according to at least one or more of its shape, length, and thickness.

[0203] In the vibrating section 231, each of the plurality of first sections 231a and the plurality of second sections 231b can be arranged (or arranged) parallel to each other on the same plane (or on the same layer). Each of the plurality of second sections 231b can be configured to fill the gap between two adjacent first sections 231a. Each of the plurality of second sections 231b can be connected to or bonded to an adjacent first section 231a. Thus, the vibrating section 231 can be extended to a desired size or length through lateral connections (or links) between the first sections 231a and the second sections 231b. Furthermore, the vibrating section 231 can have a modular design that allows for easy enlargement or reduction in size as needed (e.g., to correspond to a specific size display or panel and provide a desired frequency range).

[0204] In the vibrating portion 231, the width W2 of each of the plurality of second portions 231b can gradually decrease from the middle portion of the vibrating portion 231 toward the two edge portions (or both ends).

[0205] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when the vibrating portion 231 vibrates in the vertical direction Z (or the thickness direction), the second portion 231b with the largest width W2 among the plurality of second portions 231b can be disposed in the portion with the greatest stress concentration. The second portion 231b with the smallest width W2 among the plurality of second portions 231b can be disposed in the portion where the least stress occurs when the vibrating portion 231 vibrates in the vertical direction Z. For example, the second portion 231b with the largest width W2 among the plurality of second portions 231b can be disposed in the middle portion of the vibrating portion 231, and the second portion 231b with the smallest width W2 among the plurality of second portions 231b can be disposed at at least one of the two edge portions (or peripheral portions) of the vibrating portion 231. Therefore, when the vibrating portion 231 vibrates in the vertical direction Z, the interference of sound waves or the overlap of resonant frequencies occurring in the portion with the greatest stress concentration can be minimized. Therefore, the tilting phenomenon occurring in the low-frequency range can be improved, and the flatness of the acoustic characteristics in the low-frequency range can be improved. For example, the flatness of acoustic properties can be the magnitude of the deviation between the highest and lowest sound pressure levels.

[0206] In the vibrating section 231, each of the plurality of first sections 231a may have a different size (or width). For example, the size (or width) of each of the plurality of first sections 231a may gradually decrease or increase from the middle portion of the vibrating section 231 toward the two edge portions (or ends). In the vibrating section 231, the sound pressure level characteristics of the sound can be improved and the sound reproduction frequency band can be extended by vibrating according to the various inherent vibration frequencies of the plurality of first sections 231a with different sizes.

[0207] Each of the plurality of second portions 231b can be disposed between the plurality of first portions 231a. Therefore, in the vibrating portion 231, the vibrational energy caused by the links in the unit lattice of the first portions 231a can be increased by the second portions 231b, thereby increasing the vibrational characteristics and ensuring piezoelectric properties and flexibility.

[0208] For example, the second part 231b may be at least one of epoxy polymers, acrylic polymers and siloxane polymers, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0209] The second part 231b according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be formed of an organic material part. For example, the organic material part may be disposed between the inorganic material parts to absorb the impact applied to the inorganic material part (or the first part), release the stress concentrated on the inorganic material part, thereby improving the durability of the vibrating part 231 and providing flexibility to the vibrating part 231.

[0210] Compared to the first part 231a, the second part 231b according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may have a lower modulus and viscoelasticity. Therefore, the reliability of the first part 231a, which is susceptible to impact due to its brittle nature, can be improved.

[0211] For example, a vibration device for vibrating an object 100 can have maximum vibration characteristics when it possesses shock resistance and high rigidity. To enable the vibration device 200 to possess shock resistance and high rigidity, each of the plurality of second parts 231b can be formed of a material having a relatively high damping coefficient (tanδ) and relatively high stiffness characteristics. For example, each of the plurality of second parts 231b can be formed of a material with a damping vector (tanδ) of 0.1 GPa to 1 GPa and a stiffness characteristic of 0 GPa to 10 GPa. Furthermore, the damping vector (tanδ) and stiffness characteristics can be explained by the correlation between the loss coefficient and the modulus. For example, the second part 231b can be formed of a material having a loss coefficient of 0.01 to 1 and a modulus of 1 GPa to 10 GPa.

[0212] Compared to the inorganic material portion of the first portion 231a, the organic material portion included in the second portion 231b may include organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, or organic non-piezoelectric materials with flexible properties. For example, the second portion 231b may be represented as a flexible adhesive portion, a stretchable portion, a bending portion, a damping portion, or a flexible portion, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0213] Because the organic material portion of the organic piezoelectric material can absorb the impact applied to the inorganic material portion (or the first portion), the overall durability of the vibration device 200 can be improved, and a specific level of piezoelectric properties can be provided. The organic piezoelectric material according to embodiments of this disclosure can be an electroactive organic material. For example, the organic piezoelectric material may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), β-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF-TrFE), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0214] Since the organic material portion comprising the organic non-piezoelectric material may include a curable resin composition and an adhesive comprising the curable resin composition to absorb impacts applied to the inorganic material portion (or the first portion), the overall durability of the vibration device 200 can be improved. The organic non-piezoelectric material according to embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of epoxy-based polymers, propylene-based polymers, and silicone-based polymers, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0215] For example, the organic material portion, including the organic non-piezoelectric material, may include an epoxy resin with the high rigidity required for the vibration device 200 and an adhesion promoter for bonding with the inorganic material portion. For example, the adhesion promoter may be a phosphate-based reagent, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The organic material portion can be cured by at least one of thermosetting and photocuring. To prevent the thickness uniformity of the vibration device 200 from decreasing due to shrinkage of the organic material portion caused by solvent evaporation during curing, a solvent-free epoxy resin may be used, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0216] In addition to the high rigidity of the vibration device 200, the organic material portion, including the organic non-piezoelectric material, may also include a reinforcing agent for damping properties. For example, the reinforcing agent may be a core-shell type methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), and its content may be from 5 wt% to 40 wt%. In the case of the reinforcing agent, as a core-shell elastomer, the shell portion may have high bonding strength with an epoxy resin (e.g., an acrylic polymer), thereby improving the impact resistance or damping characteristics of the vibration device 200.

[0217] By arranging (or connecting) multiple first portions 231a and second portions 231b on the same plane, the vibrating portion 231 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can have a single thin film shape. For example, the multiple first portions 231a of the vibrating portion 231 can have a structure connected to one side. For example, the multiple first portions 231a can have a structure connected to the entire vibrating portion 231. For example, the vibrating portion 231 can vibrate in the vertical direction by the first portions 231a having vibratory characteristics, and can be bent into a curved shape by the flexible second portions 231b. In addition, in the vibrating portion 231 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the dimensions of the first portions 231a and the second portions 231b can be adjusted according to the piezoelectric characteristics and flexibility required for the vibrating portion 231. As an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the vibrating portion 231 requires piezoelectric characteristics rather than flexibility, the dimension of the first portion 231a can be larger than the dimension of the second portion 231b. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, when the vibrating portion 231 requires flexibility rather than piezoelectric characteristics, the dimension of the second portion 231b can be larger than the dimension of the first portion 231a. Therefore, since the size of the vibrating part 231 can be adjusted according to the required characteristics, it has the advantage that the vibrating part 231 can be easily designed and adjusted.

[0218] The first electrode portion 233 may be disposed on the first surface (or front surface) of the vibrating portion 231. The first electrode portion 233 may be commonly disposed on or connected to the first surface of each of the plurality of first portions 231a and the first surface of each of the plurality of second portions 231b. The first electrode portion 233 may be electrically connected to each of the first surfaces of the plurality of first portions 231a. For example, the first electrode portion 233 may be disposed over the entire first surface of the vibrating portion 231. The first electrode portion 233 may have a cylindrical electrode shape. For example, the first electrode portion 233 may have a shape substantially the same as that of the vibrating portion 231, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The first electrode portion 233 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be formed of a transparent conductive material, a semi-transparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0219] The second electrode portion 235 can be disposed on a second surface (or upper surface) opposite to or different from the first surface of the vibrating portion 231. The second electrode portion 235 can be commonly disposed on or connected to the second surface of each of the plurality of first portions 231a and the second surface of each of the plurality of organic portions 231b. The second electrode portion 235 can be electrically connected to the second surface of each of the plurality of first portions 231a. For example, the second electrode portion 235 can be disposed over the entire second surface of the vibrating portion 231. The second electrode portion 235 can have a cylindrical electrode shape. For example, the second electrode portion 235 can have the same shape as the vibrating portion 231, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode portion 235 according to embodiments of this disclosure can be formed of a transparent conductive material, a semi-transparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0220] In a constant-temperature atmosphere or an atmosphere changing from high temperature to room temperature, each of the vibration portions 231 of the vibration generator 230 can be polarized by applying a specific voltage to the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each vibration portion 231 of the vibration generator 230 can vibrate by alternately and repeatedly contracting and expanding due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, according to a vibration drive signal applied from the outside to the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235. For example, the vibration portion 231 of the vibration generator 230 vibrates by the vibration of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the vertical and planar (or horizontal) directions. The displacement of the vibration device 200 or the displacement of the display panel can be increased by the contraction and expansion of the vibration portion 231 in the planar direction, thereby further improving the vibration of the vibration device 200 or the display panel.

[0221] The connecting member 150 can be disposed between the vibrating device 200 and the vibrating object 100 to connect or attach the vibrating device 200 to the rear surface of the vibrating object 100. For example, the vibrating device 200 can be directly connected or attached to the rear surface of the vibrating object 100 via the connecting member 150, thereby being supported or disposed at the rear surface of the vibrating object 100.

[0222] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the connecting member 150 can be formed of a material comprising an adhesive layer having excellent adhesion or bonding strength to the rear surfaces of the vibration device 200 and the display panel 1100, respectively. For example, the connecting member 150 may include a foam pad, double-sided tape, or adhesive, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 150 may include, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, acrylic, silicone resin, or polyurethane. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 150 may be the same as or different from the adhesive layer of the connecting member 1150. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 150 may include an acrylic material with relatively excellent adhesion and high hardness, such as acrylic or polyurethane. Therefore, the vibration of the vibration device 200 can be well transmitted to the display panel 1100.

[0223] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the connecting member 150 may further include a hollow portion disposed between the vibrating object 100 and the vibrating device 200. The hollow portion of the connecting member 150 can provide an air gap between the vibrating object 100 and the vibrating device 200. By allowing sound waves (or sound pressure levels) generated by the vibration of the vibrating device 200 to be concentrated on the vibrating object 100 without being dispersed by the connecting member 150, vibration loss caused by the connecting member 150 can be minimized, thereby increasing the sound pressure level characteristics of the sound generated by the vibration of the vibrating object 100. For example, the hollow portion of the connecting member 150 can help form a resonant cavity behind a display panel.

[0224] The vibration device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a first protective member 220 and a second protective member 240 on the first (or front) surface and the second (or rear) surface of the vibration generator 230.

[0225] A first protective member 220 may be disposed at the first electrode portion 233. The first protective member 220 protects the first electrode portion 233. A second protective member 240 may be disposed at the second electrode portion 235 and protect the second electrode portion 235. For example, each of the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240 of the vibration generator 230 may be formed of a plastic material or a fibrous material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in the vibration generator 230, the first protective member 220 may be formed of the same or a different material as the second protective member 240. At least one of the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240 of the vibration generator 230 may be connected to or coupled to the rear surface of the vibrating object 100 via a connecting member 210. For example, the first protective member 220 of the vibration generator 230 may be connected to or coupled to the rear surface of the vibrating object 100 via a connecting member 210.

[0226] The first protective member 220 may include a base member 221 and an adhesive layer 223, and the adhesive layer 223 may be formed adjacent to the vibration generator 230 instead of the base member 221. The adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 may be disposed between the first electrode portion 233 of the vibration generator 230 and the base member 221 of the first protective member 220.

[0227] The second protective member 240 may include a base member 244 and an adhesive layer 243, and the adhesive layer 243 may be formed adjacent to the vibration generator 230 instead of the base member 244. The adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 may be disposed between the second electrode portion 235 of the vibration generator 230 and the base member 244 of the second protective member 240.

[0228] Each of the base members 221 and 244 of the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240 may be formed of a polyimide film or a polyethylene terephthalate film, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0229] Each of the adhesive layers 223 and 243 of the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240 may include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin or polyurethane resin, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0230] The adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 can be connected or joined to each other between the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240. For example, the adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 can be connected or joined to each other at the edge portion between the first protective member 220 and the second protective member 240. Therefore, the first vibrating portion 231 of the vibration generator 230 can be surrounded by the adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240. For example, the adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 can completely surround the first vibrating portion 231 of the vibration generator 230. For example, the adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 can be represented as a covering member, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. When the adhesive layer 223 of the first protective member 220 and the adhesive layer 243 of the second protective member 240 are covering members, the first protective member 220 can be disposed on the first surface of the covering member, and the second protective member 240 can be disposed on the second surface of the covering member.

[0231] Figure 2B yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the vibrating part of the vibration device, and Figure 2C yes Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph of the vibrating part of the vibration device.

[0232] Reference Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the first surface (or front surface) and the second surface (or rear surface) opposite to the first surface of the vibration portion 231 may have a predetermined surface roughness.

[0233] Here, the first surface (or front surface) or other configuration of the vibrating portion 231 may be a surface facing the vibrating object 100. The second surface (or rear surface) or other configuration of the vibrating portion 231 may be a surface that does not face the vibrating object 100.

[0234] Figure 3A These are atomic force micrographs of the surface of the vibrating portion according to this disclosure, and Figure 3B It is along Figure 3A The illuminance values ​​for the I-I' line scan. Figure 3B In the figure, the horizontal axis represents length (μm) and the vertical axis represents roughness (μm).

[0235] Reference Figure 3A As can be seen, the surface (first or second surface) of the vibrating portion 231 captured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) has a predetermined surface roughness over the entire predetermined area. Figure 3B In the data, using a reference scan length of approximately 180 μm, the minimum surface roughness value is 3.175 μm, and the maximum value is 6.921 μm. Therefore, the maximum roughness (Rmax) can be observed to be 3.746 μm. Furthermore, the average surface roughness (Ra) of the vibrating part 231 was repeatedly measured several times, and the average surface roughness Ra of the vibrating part 231 was measured to be approximately 1.5 μm.

[0236] Figure 4A It is shown Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device, and Figure 4B It was taken using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 4A A photograph of the boundary between the vibrating part and the electrode part of the vibration generator.

[0237] Reference Figure 4AA first electrode portion 233 (e.g., an upper electrode portion) is disposed on a first surface of the vibrating portion 231, and a second electrode portion 235 (e.g., a lower electrode portion) is disposed on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the vibrating portion 231. In this case, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 may include conductive metal nanoparticles. For example, the conductive metal nanoparticles may have a particle size of less than 1 μm. The conductive metal nanoparticles may be spherical particles, but in this disclosure, the shape of the conductive metal nanoparticles included in the electrode portions is not limited. For example, the conductive metal nanoparticles may be particles with an aspect ratio not exceeding 2.

[0238] As mentioned above Figures 2B to 3B As described above, in the vibration portion 231 according to embodiments of this disclosure, the first surface (or upper surface) and the second surface (or lower surface) opposite to the first surface may have specific surface roughness, and may have surface roughness on the order of several μm. Therefore, if the size of the conductive metal nanoparticles included in the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 exceeds 1 μm, voids may appear on the first surface (or upper surface) of the vibration portion 231, which cannot fill the surface roughness formed on the second surface (or lower surface) opposite to the first surface. If the size of the conductive metal nanoparticles included in the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 exceeds 1 μm, the interface characteristics between the vibration portion 231 and the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion may be reduced, thereby degrading the characteristics of the vibration device.

[0239] The metallic material including conductive metal nanoparticles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu) having high conductivity or low resistivity. Therefore, the conductivity of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be improved, and the sheet resistance Rs of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be reduced. For example, the resistivity of the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 including silver (Ag) nanoparticles may be about 10. -5 Ω·cm.

[0240] The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be formed or coated on the vibrating portion 231 using a composition comprising conductive metal nanoparticles, a binder, a solvent, and a resin, followed by sintering. For the electrode composition used to form the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, the content of the conductive metal nanoparticles can be 60 wt% to 70 wt%, or 65 wt%. Additionally, during the sintering process of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, at least a portion of the solvent may evaporate.

[0241] According to this specification, the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 can be formed on the vibrating portion 231 by printing or coating. Therefore, the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 can be prepared by preparing an electrode portion composition comprising conductive metal nanoparticles, a binder, and a solvent, and applying the prepared composition to the vibrating portion 231. The binder may include at least one of a polyurethane-based resin, an acrylic-based resin, or an epoxy-based thermosetting resin, and the solvent may include a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent.

[0242] In addition, when the conductive metal nanoparticles are silver (Ag) nanoparticles, the electrode composition may also include silver salts of fatty acids.

[0243] The electrode composition can be applied to a first surface (or upper surface) or a second surface (or lower surface) opposite to the first surface of the vibrating portion 231, and then sintered within a preset sintering temperature range. Here, the temperature used for sintering the electrode portion composition can be 150°C or lower.

[0244] As described above, the vibration portion 231 may include an organic vibration portion 231b. If the process of fabricating the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 exceeds 150°C, the organic vibration portion 231b may deteriorate at temperatures exceeding 150°C, thus potentially reducing reliability and degrading the flexibility of the organic vibration portion 231b. Consequently, the vibration characteristics of the vibration generator 230 may deteriorate.

[0245] Therefore, by preparing the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibration generator according to the embodiments of the present disclosure at a process temperature of 150°C or lower, the deterioration of the organic vibration portion 231b, which has the advantage of the flexible characteristics of the vibration generator 230, can be prevented, and the deterioration of the vibration characteristics due to the deterioration of the organic vibration portion 231b can be prevented.

[0246] Reference Figure 4BIt can be seen that the vibrating portion 231 and the first electrode portion 233, having a predetermined surface roughness, have an interface in a very close contact state, and it can be seen that no gaps are observed at the interface between the first electrode portion 233 and the vibrating portion 231. The vibrating portion 231 can be prepared by applying a composition including silver (Ag) nanoparticles to the first surface of the vibrating portion 231 and then sintering it at a temperature of 150°C. Figure 4B The first electrode portion 233.

[0247] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 include conductive metal nanoparticles with a particle size of 1 μm or smaller, the vibrating portion 231 can have an interface contact with the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 without the formation of voids, and the specific surface area of ​​the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be improved. For example, small-sized conductive metal nanoparticles can effectively fill the peaks and valleys within the surface roughness without creating undesirable voids.

[0248] Therefore, the vibration generator 230 according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a structure in which the interface between the vibration portion 231 and the electrode portion (first electrode portion 233 or second electrode portion 235) is in close contact. Furthermore, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 prepared according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can have low contact resistance (Rc) characteristics.

[0249] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can range from 1 μm to 10 μm or from 3 μm to 7 μm, or it can be set to a thickness of 5 μm. Furthermore, the thickness of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be greater than the surface roughness value of the vibrating portion 231. For example, the thickness of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be less than 5 μm. In this disclosure, the thickness of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 is not limited to this.

[0250] The thickness of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be adjusted or set at an appropriate level to meet the preset electrical characteristics of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235.

[0251] Figure 5 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 6A This is an example Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the vibration generator of the vibration device, and Figure 6B It was taken using a scanning electron microscope. Figure 6A A photograph of the vibration generator and electrode components. Figure 5The configuration of the vibration device and Figure 1 The configurations are basically the same, except for the configurations of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, so repeated descriptions thereof are omitted or can be briefly provided. For example, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 may each have two layers (e.g., double layers).

[0252] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6A According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration device 200 may include a vibration generator 230, and the vibration generator 230 may include a vibration portion 231, a first electrode portion 233 disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion 231, and a second electrode portion 235 disposed on a second surface of the vibration portion 231 opposite to the first surface.

[0253] The first electrode portion 233 may include a first layer 233a1 disposed adjacent to the vibration portion 231 and a second layer 233a2 disposed on the first layer 233a1. For example, the second layer 233a2 may cover the first layer 233a1. The second electrode portion 235 may include a first layer 235a1 disposed adjacent to the vibration portion 231 and a second layer 235a2 disposed on the first layer 235a1. For example, the second layer 235a2 may cover the first layer 235a1.

[0254] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm or 3 μm to 7 μm, or can be adjusted to a thickness of 5 μm. The thickness of the second layer 235a2 can be in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm or 10 μm to 15 μm, or can be adjusted to a thickness of 12.5 μm. The thickness of the first layer 235a1 can be greater than the surface roughness value of the vibrating portion 231. For example, the thickness of the first layer 235a1 can be less than 5 μm, and the second layer 233a2 can be thicker than the first layer 233a1. In this disclosure, the thicknesses of the first layer 235a1 and the second layer 235a2 are not limited thereto.

[0255] The first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may include carbon particles.

[0256] A first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and a first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion can be prepared by coating the vibrating portion 231 with a composition comprising carbon particles, a binder, a solvent, and a resin and then sintering it. The electrode composition used to form the first layers 233a1 and 235a1 may include 50 wt% to 60 wt% carbon particles. During the sintering of the first layers 233a1 and 235a1, at least a portion of the solvent may evaporate.

[0257] According to embodiments of this disclosure, carbon particles may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles or carbon flake particles.

[0258] Carbon nanoparticles may include carbon black or carbon nanotubes. Carbon black may have a particle size of 10 nm to 30 nm or 15 nm to 25 nm, while carbon nanotubes may have a particle size of 500 nm or smaller (e.g., 250 nm). The type of carbon nanoparticles is not limited thereto, and they can be used without limitation if they have a particle size of 10 nm to 500 nm (e.g., 200 nm).

[0259] Carbon flake particles can be in the form of plate-like particles or carbon nanotubes. Carbon flake particles can have an aspect ratio greater than 2. Carbon flake particles can have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm or 3 μm to 7 μm, or can be adjusted to a particle size of about 5 μm.

[0260] Considering electrical properties, the ratio of carbon nanoparticles or carbon flake particles to carbon particles included in the electrode composition used to form the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 can be adjusted to 5:5 to 6:4.

[0261] Here, the carbon particles in the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles or carbon flake particles. Alternatively, the carbon particles in the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 may include both carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0262] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when the carbon particles in the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion include carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles, the carbon nanoparticles can be uniformly disposed between the carbon flake particles and the interface between the vibrating portion 231 and the first layer 235a1. Therefore, the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 including the aforementioned carbon particles can uniformly fill the predetermined surface roughness formed on the first or second surface of the vibrating portion 231, and thus, the interface or interface contact state between the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion and the vibrating portion 231 can be improved.

[0263] The resistivity of the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion, including carbon particles, and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion, can be approximately 10. -2 The resistivity is Ω·cm, and can be high compared to the resistivity of the first electrode portion 233 or the second electrode portion 235 containing silver (Ag) nanoparticles. Therefore, the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 can have high sheet resistance.

[0264] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion are formed as electrodes comprising conductive metal particles with high conductivity, to supplement the electrical characteristics of the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 comprising carbon particles.

[0265] The second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion may include conductive metal flake particles. Here, the conductive metal flake particles may be conductive metal particles with a particle size greater than 1 μm, and may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm or 3 μm to 7 μm (e.g., 5 μm). The conductive metal flake particles may be particles with an aspect ratio greater than 2. The conductive metal flake particles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0266] Therefore, a vibration device according to another embodiment of this disclosure may include a first electrode portion 233 and a second electrode portion 235. The first electrode portion 233 includes a first layer 233a1 disposed adjacent to the vibration portion 231 configured above, and a second layer 235a2 disposed on the first layer 233a1. The second electrode portion 235 includes a first layer 235a1 disposed adjacent to the vibration portion 231, and a second layer 235a2 disposed on the first layer 235a1. For example, the second layer 235a2 may cover the first layer 235a1. Therefore, due to the excellent interface contact characteristics between the vibration portion 231, the first layer 233a1, and the first layer 235a1, it can have a low contact resistance Rc characteristic. In addition, the second layer 233a2 and the second layer 235a2, which include conductive metal flake particles with high conductivity, can provide a low-resistance electrode portion with low resistance by supplementing the electrical characteristics of the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1, which include carbon particles.

[0267] Compared with conductive metal nanoparticles, the conductive metal flake particles included in the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion have lower manufacturing costs, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the vibration device.

[0268] The thickness of the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion can be greater than the surface roughness value of the vibration portion 231, and the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion can be adjusted or set at an appropriate level to meet the preset electrical characteristics of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235.

[0269] Reference Figure 6BIt can be seen that the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the vibration portion 231 have an interface in a very close contact state, and no gap is observed at the interface between the first layer 233a1 and the vibration portion 231.

[0270] The second layer 233a2 in the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion can be configured to include silver flake particles. For example, the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion can cover the first layer 233a1. Compared with silver nanoparticles, the manufacturing cost of silver flake particles can be lower, thus reducing the manufacturing cost of the vibration device.

[0271] Figure 7 and Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a vibration generator of a vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Except for the arrangement of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, Figure 7 The structure of the vibration generator and Figure 4A The structure is the same as that of the vibration generator, except for the configuration of the first electrode part 233 and the second electrode part 235. Figure 8 The structure of the vibration generator and Figure 6A The structure of the vibration generator is the same as that of the other, so the details are omitted or a brief repetition of the description can be provided.

[0272] Reference Figure 7 Each of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 may further include piezoelectric nanoparticles. The piezoelectric nanoparticles may comprise the same material as the inorganic vibrating portion 231a. Since each of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 also includes piezoelectric nanoparticles comprising the same material as the inorganic vibrating portion 231a, the interface matching characteristics between the vibrating portion 231 and the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be improved.

[0273] Reference Figure 8 Each of the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may further include piezoelectric nanoparticles. The inorganic particles may include the same material as the inorganic vibrating portion 231a. Since each of the first layers 233a1 and 235a1 also includes piezoelectric nanoparticles comprising the same material as the inorganic vibrating portion 231a, the interface matching characteristics between the vibrating portion 231 and the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be improved.

[0274] Figure 9 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, and Figure 10 It is shown Figure 9A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device. Except for the configuration of the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion, Figure 9 The structure of the vibration generator and Figure 10 The structure of the vibration generator and Figure 5 The structure of the vibration generator is the same, so the details can be omitted or a brief repetition of the description can be provided.

[0275] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 10 The first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion may include a plurality of first portions 233a11 spaced apart from each other and a second portion 233a13 filling the space between the first portions 233a11. The first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may include a plurality of first portions 235a11 spaced apart from each other and a second portion 235a13 filling the space between the first portions 235a11.

[0276] The first portion 233a11 of the first electrode portion and the first portion 235a11 of the second electrode portion may have dimensions corresponding to the inorganic vibrating portion 231a of the vibrating portion 231. The second portion 233a13 of the first electrode portion and the second portion 235a13 of the second electrode portion may have dimensions corresponding to the organic vibrating portion 231b of the vibrating portion 231. Here, the corresponding dimensions may be dimensions in the first direction X and the second direction Y, excluding the length or thickness in the third direction Z.

[0277] The second layer 233a2 disposed at the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 disposed at the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may include the above. Figure 5 The conductive metal sheet particles described herein. For example, the second layer 233a2 may cover the first layer 233a1. For example, the second layer 235a2 may cover the first layer 235a1.

[0278] The first electrode portion 233 can be prepared by the following process, and the second electrode portion 235 can also be prepared by the same method as the first electrode portion 233.

[0279] First, the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion can be formed on the first surface of the vibrating portion 231. Here, the first layer 233a1 can include the layer mentioned above. Figure 5 The electrode portion of the carbon particles described.

[0280] Next, the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion can be patterned to prepare a plurality of first portions 233a11 spaced apart from each other.

[0281] Next, the second portion 233a13 of the first electrode portion fills the space between the first portions 233a11. Here, the second portion 233a13 can be formed of a polymer material. For example, the second portion 233a13 may include at least one of epoxy-based polymers, acrylic polymers, and silicone polymers, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0282] Next, the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion can be formed to cover the first layer 233a1, and the second layer 233a2 may include conductive metal flake particles.

[0283] In addition, the second electrode portion 235 can be formed on the second surface of the vibration portion 231 by the same process as that used for the first electrode portion 233.

[0284] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion includes a second portion 233a13 comprising a highly flexible polymer material between the first portions 233a11 and 233a11, and the first layer 235a1 may include the second portion 235a13 comprising a highly flexible polymer material between the first portions 235a11 and 235a11. Therefore, the flexibility of the vibration generator 230 and the vibration device including the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 can be improved.

[0285] Figure 11 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated, and Figure 12 It is shown Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of the structure of the vibration generator of the vibration device. Besides the structure of the vibration generator 230, Figure 11 and Figure 12 The structure of the vibration device and Figure 1 The structure of the vibration device is the same as that of the other device, so it can be omitted or a brief repetition of the description can be provided.

[0286] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 The vibration generator 230 may include a first vibration portion 231 adjacent to the vibration object 100, a second vibration portion 237 disposed on the rear surface (or back surface) of the first vibration portion 231, a first electrode portion 233 disposed on the first surface (or front surface) of the first vibration portion 231, a second electrode portion 235 disposed on the second surface of the second vibration portion 237, and a third electrode portion 239 disposed between the first vibration portion 231 and the second vibration portion 237.

[0287] Each of the first vibrating part 231 and the second vibrating part 237 can have the same as Figure 1 The first vibration part 231 and the second vibration part 237 have the same configuration as described in the previous section. However, the first vibration part 231 and the second vibration part 237 may have opposite polarization directions. The polarization directions of the first vibration part 231 and the second vibration part 237, as well as the behavior of the vibration device 200, will be referred to accordingly later. Figure 13 The following description is provided in conjunction with Figure 14.

[0288] The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 may have the same... Figure 5 and Figures 8 to 10 The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 described herein have the same configuration. Therefore, the first electrode portion 233 may include a first layer 233a1 comprising carbon particles and a second layer 233a2 comprising conductive metal flake particles. The second electrode portion 235 may include a first layer 235a1 comprising carbon particles and a second layer 235a2 comprising conductive metal flake particles.

[0289] The first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion may include a plurality of first portions 233a11 spaced apart from each other and a second portion 233a13 filling the portions between the first portions 233a11. The first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion may include a plurality of first portions 235a11 spaced apart from each other and a second portion 235a13 filling the portions between the first portions 235a11.

[0290] The third electrode portion 239 may include a first layer 239a1 that contacts the first vibration portion 231, a third layer 239a3 that contacts the second vibration portion 237, and a second layer 239a2 disposed between the first layer 239a1 and the third layer 239a3.

[0291] The first layer 239a1 and the third layer 239a3 of the third electrode portion may be electrode layers comprising the same carbon particles as the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion. The second layer 239a2 may be an electrode layer comprising the same conductive metal flake particles as the second layer 232a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion.

[0292] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion can be in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm (e.g., 12 μm). The thickness of the first layer 233a1 can be greater than the surface roughness value of the vibrating portion 231. For example, the thickness of the first layer 233a1 can be less than 5 μm. In this disclosure, the thicknesses of the first layer 233a1 and the second layer 233a2 are not limited thereto.

[0293] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm (e.g., 12 μm). Furthermore, the thickness of the first layer 235a1 can be greater than the surface roughness value of the vibrating portion 231. For example, the thickness of the first layer 235a1 can be less than 5 μm. In this disclosure, the thicknesses of the first layer 235a1 and the second layer 235a2 are not limited to these.

[0294] The thicknesses of the first layer 239a1 and the third layer 239a3 of the third electrode portion can be adjusted to have the same thickness as the first layer 233a1 of the first electrode portion and the first layer 235a1 of the second electrode portion. The thickness of the second layer 239a2 of the third electrode portion can be adjusted to have the same thickness as the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion and the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion.

[0295] Additionally, according to an example of this disclosure, the second layer 239a2 of the third electrode portion may be thicker than the first layer 239a1 and the third layer 239a3 of the third electrode portion, so as to form a flexible cable FC in the second layer 239a2.

[0296] For example, when the first layer 239a1 and the third layer 239a3 of the third electrode portion are prepared to have a thickness of 1 μm to 10 μm, the second layer 239a2 of the third electrode portion can be prepared to have a thickness of 10 μm to 20 μm (e.g., 15 μm).

[0297] Figure 13 Polarization was shown Figure 11 Methods for the vibration part of a vibration device.

[0298] Reference Figure 13 The first electrode portion 233, the second electrode portion 235, and the third electrode portion 239 of the vibration generator 230 can be electrically connected to the polarization device 300. For example, the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion of the vibration generator 230 can be configured to contact the first flexible cable FC1, the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion can be configured to contact the second flexible cable FC2, and the second layer 239a2 of the third electrode portion can be configured to contact the third flexible cable FC3. The first flexible cable FC1 and the second flexible cable FC2 can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the polarization device 300. The third flexible cable FC3 can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the polarization device 300. Therefore, a positive voltage can be applied to the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, and a negative voltage can be applied to the third electrode portion 239.

[0299] Therefore, in the first vibration section 231, an electric field can be applied by applying a voltage to each of the first electrode section 233 and the third electrode section 239, causing the polarization direction to be downward. Similarly, in the second vibration section 237, an electric field can be applied by applying a voltage to each of the second electrode section 235 and the third electrode section 239, causing the polarization direction to be upward. Thus, the first vibration section 231 and the second vibration section 237 can have polarization directions different from each other.

[0300] The polarization voltage applied to the polarization device 300 can be from 3kV / mm to 6kV / mm, and the polarization time can be maintained from 1 minute to 60 minutes, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0301] Figure 14A An example is shown of a vibration device including a vibration drive circuit, and Figure 14B and Figure 14C The behavior of a vibration generator caused by a voltage applied to a flexible cable is illustrated.

[0302] Reference Figure 14A The first electrode portion 233, the second electrode portion 235, and the third electrode portion 239 of the vibration generator 230 can be electrically connected to the vibration drive circuit 400. For example, the second layer 233a2 of the first electrode portion of the vibration generator 230 can be configured to contact the first flexible cable FC1, the second layer 235a2 of the second electrode portion can be configured to contact the second flexible cable FC2, and the second layer 239a2 of the third electrode portion can be configured to contact the third flexible cable FC3. The first flexible cable FC1 and the second flexible cable FC2 can be electrically connected to the first output terminal T1 of the vibration drive circuit 400. The third flexible cable FC3 can be electrically connected to the second output terminal T2 of the vibration drive circuit 400.

[0303] Therefore, a first polarity signal can be applied to the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 through the first output terminal T1 of the vibration drive circuit 400. A second polarity signal can be applied to the third electrode portion 239 through the second output terminal T2 of the vibration drive circuit 400. Here, the first polarity signal applied through the first output terminal T1 of the vibration drive circuit 400 can be either a positive (+) polarity signal or a negative (-) polarity signal, and the second polarity signal applied through the second output terminal T2 can be either a positive (+) polarity signal or a negative (-) polarity signal other than the first polarity signal.

[0304] Figure 14BThe behavior of the vibration device is shown when a positive (+) polarity signal is applied through the first output terminal T1 of the vibration drive circuit 400 and a negative (-) polarity signal is applied through the second output terminal T2. Therefore, in the first vibration section 231, an electric field is formed in the direction from the first surface of the first vibration section 231 toward the second surface, and in the second vibration section 237, an electric field is formed in the direction from the second surface of the second vibration section 237 toward the first surface.

[0305] When an electric field is formed in the same direction as the polarization direction, the first vibrating portion 231 and the second vibrating portion 237 of the piezoelectric material can expand, therefore, as Figure 14B As shown, the first vibration part 231 and the second vibration part 237 can be extended.

[0306] Figure 14C The diagram illustrates the behavior of the vibration device when a negative (-) polarity signal is applied through the first output terminal T1 of the vibration drive circuit 400 and a positive (+) polarity signal is applied through the second output terminal T2. Therefore, in the first vibration section 231, an electric field is formed in the direction from the second surface of the first vibration section 231 to the first surface, and in the second vibration section 237, an electric field is formed in the direction from the first surface of the second vibration section 237 to the second surface.

[0307] Since the first vibrating portion 231 and the second vibrating portion 237 of the piezoelectric body can contract when an electric field is formed in a direction opposite to the polarization direction, therefore... Figure 14C As shown, the first vibrating portion 231 and the second vibrating portion 237 can retract. For example, as shown in 14A to 237 in the figure. Figure 14C As shown, the first and second vibration parts can expand and contract synchronously.

[0308] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a vibration generator comprising a first vibration portion 231 having a first polarization direction and a second vibration portion 237 having a second polarization direction opposite to the polarization direction of the first vibration portion 231 can expand or contract in the same direction by vibration drive circuit signals transmitted to the first electrode portion to the third electrode portion, and has vibration characteristics due to piezoelectric synchronousity.

[0309] Figure 15 and Figure 16 This is a perspective view of the vibration portion of a vibration generator according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0310] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 16According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the first vibration portion 231 may include a plurality of first portions 231a spaced apart from each other in a first direction X and a second direction Y, and a second portion 231b disposed between the first portions 231a. The first portions 231a may be arranged in various shapes such as square, rectangular, elliptical and circular.

[0311] Each of the plurality of first portions 231a according to embodiments of the present disclosure may have a columnar structure with a square, rectangular, elliptical, or circular cross-section. For example, each of the plurality of first portions 231a may have a columnar structure with a square, rectangular, elliptical, or circular cross-section, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Since each of the plurality of first portions 231a is derived from a reference... Figure 1 The first part 231a of the description is essentially the same piezoelectric material formation, therefore it is given the same reference numerals and its repeated description may be omitted or briefly provided.

[0312] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of second portions 231b may be disposed between a plurality of first portions 231a along each of a first direction X and a second direction Y. The second portions 231b may be configured to surround each of the plurality of first portions 231a such that the second portions 231b may be attached to or bonded to the side surface of each of the plurality of first portions 231a. The plurality of first portions 231a and second portions 231b may be disposed (or arranged) parallel to each other on the same plane (or on the same layer). Since the second portions 231b are defined by reference... Figure 1 The second part 231b describes the formation of essentially the same organic material, and therefore gives it the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof are omitted or can be briefly provided.

[0313] Therefore, in the embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration part 231 of the vibration generator 230 can be realized as a vibration source (or vibrator) with a columnar structure having a square, rectangular, elliptical or circular cross-section while having a type 1-3 piezoelectric composite material, thus improving the vibration characteristics or sound output characteristics.

[0314] Figure 15 and Figure 16 The description of the first vibration part 231 of the vibration generator 230 described herein can be equivalently applied to... Figure 11 The second vibration part 271 in the middle.

[0315] Figure 17 A vibration device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 18A This is a cross-sectional view of a vibration generator according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 18B yes Figure 18AScanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator of the structure shown. Figure 18B In this process, the first electrode portion 233 is prepared by applying a composition comprising silver (Ag) flake particles to the first surface of the vibrating portion 231 and then sintering it at a temperature of 150°C.

[0316] Reference Figure 17 Apart from the configuration of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, it is similar to... Figure 1 The configuration of the vibration device is the same, so redundant descriptions of it can be omitted or provided briefly.

[0317] Reference Figure 18A , Figure 18A The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibrating portion 231 may include conductive metal sheet particles, and may include reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6A The second layer 233a2 and the second layer 235a2 are made of the same material. The conductive metal flake particles included in the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0318] Reference Figure 18B It can be seen that when the first electrode portion 233 comprises, for example, silver flake particles with a particle size of about 4 μm, at least a portion of the first surface of the first electrode portion 233 is not in very close contact with the vibrating portion 231 and a void V is formed. The silver flake particles of the first electrode portion 233 are in partial contact with the vibrating portion 231, but it can be seen that, in addition to the flake particles of the first electrode portion 233, materials such as adhesives or resins are in more contact with the vibrating portion 231.

[0319] Therefore, refer to Figure 18A and Figure 18B As a result, when the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 include conductive metal sheet particles, the contact resistance Rc between the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 and the vibrating portion 231 may increase (e.g., due to voids). When the contact resistance Rc between the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 and the vibrating portion 231 increases, the vibration generation characteristics or sound pressure level characteristics of the vibration device 200 may deteriorate.

[0320] Figure 19A This is a cross-sectional view of a vibration generator according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 19B yes Figure 19A Scanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator with the structure shown. Figure 19A The vibration generator 230 can also be applied to Figure 17 The vibration device 200 is shown. Figure 19B In this process, the first electrode portion 233 is prepared by applying a composition including carbon particles to the first surface of the vibrating portion 231 and then sintering it at a temperature of 150°C.

[0321] Reference Figure 19A , Figure 19A The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibrating portion 231 may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles or carbon flake particles. Figure 19A The first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibrating portion 231 may include the same as those described above. Figure 5 and Figure 6A The first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 are made of the same material.

[0322] Reference Figure 19B As can be seen, when the first electrode portion 233 includes carbon black and carbon nanotubes with a particle size of 10 nm to 500 nm and carbon flake particles with a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm, the first electrode portion 233 and the vibrating portion 231 are formed to be in very close contact with each other.

[0323] Therefore, when the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are configured to include carbon particles, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, as well as the vibrating portion 231, are formed to be in close contact with each other, thereby reducing the contact resistance Rc (e.g., due to the absence of gaps at the interface and improved connection).

[0324] Figure 20A and Figure 20B It is by changing the having Figure 18A The scanning electron micrographs were taken after the electrode part of the vibration generator structure was prepared by sintering at the specified temperature. Figure 20A The scanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator is taken using a method similar to... Figure 18A The photograph shows the first electrode portion 233 being formed from a composition comprising silver flake particles and then sintered at 350°C. Figure 20B The scanning electron micrograph of the vibration generator is taken using a method similar to... Figure 18A The photograph shows the first electrode portion 233 being formed from a composition comprising silver flake particles, and then sintered at 650°C.

[0325] Will Figure 20A Scanning electron micrographs and Figure 19B By comparing the scanning electron micrographs in the images, it can be seen that the porosity V is... Figure 20AThe scanning electron microscope image further shows the enlargement. As described above, when the electrode portion includes conductive metal flake particles, the electrode portion can be prepared by applying a composition including conductive metal flake particles to the first and second surfaces of the vibrating portion 231 and then sintering the composition. The composition including conductive metal flake particles may include conductive metal flake particles, binders, solvents, resins, silver salts of fatty acids, etc., and organic material-based materials such as binders, solvents, and resins can volatilize at a temperature of 350°C. Therefore, if the temperature for sintering the composition including the conductive metal flake particles applied to the electrode portion is set to 350°C, the internal voids may increase significantly, thereby increasing the contact resistance and reducing the reliability of the vibration device.

[0326] Will Figure 20B Scanning electron micrographs and Figure 20A By comparing the scanning electron micrographs in the images, it can be seen that... Figure 20B The scanning electron micrographs showed pores with increased size, and the silver was partially melted with no visible boundaries between the particles.

[0327] Figure 21A and Figure 21B The experimental conditions for measuring the acoustic properties of a vibrating device are illustrated.

[0328] Reference Figure 21A Square vibrating devices 200, each 60 mm wide, are arranged horizontally and vertically on one surface of the vibrating object 100 in a two-row, two-column array and connected in parallel. The vibrating portion of each vibrating device 200 is formed to have a thickness of approximately 150 μm. Double-sided adhesive tape based on adhesive is used as a connecting member 150 to attach the vibrating devices 200 to the vibrating object 100. Additionally, flexible cables FC are electrically connected to each of the electrode portions of the vibrating portions.

[0329] Reference Figure 21B Sound pressure level measurements were performed using a commercially available Audio Precision APX525 device. The input voltage was set to 5Vrms, the signal was amplified, and applied to the vibrating device 200 via an amplifier (AMP) over a sinusoidal sweep range of 150Hz to 8kHz. The average sound pressure level was measured using a microphone (MIC) at a distance of 30cm from the vibrating object, and the measured sound pressure level was recorded using the Audio Precision Corp. APX525. The measured sound pressure level was corrected using a 1 / 3 octave band smoothing. A sinusoidal sweep can be a method of scanning over a short period of time, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this.

[0330] Figure 22This is a relative bar chart showing the acoustic characteristics of the vibration device according to the first to seventh embodiments.

[0331] exist Figure 22 In the first embodiment (Ex.1), based on the above-described... Figure 1 , Figure 4A and Figure 4B The average sound pressure level of the vibration device comprising the second electrode portion 235 and the first electrode portion 233 including silver nanoparticles, described herein, is shown as 100% in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 150 °C.

[0332] Next, in the second embodiment (Ex.2), as a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example including the above-described embodiments is shown. Figure 5 , Figure 6A and Figure 6B The average sound pressure level of the vibrating device, comprising a first layer 233a1 of a first electrode portion containing carbon particles and a first layer 235a1 of a second electrode portion containing silver flake particles, is described in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first layer 233a1 and the first layer 235a1 containing carbon particles, and the second layer 233a2 and the second layer 235a2 containing silver flake particles, are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 150°C. Compared to the first embodiment (Ex.1), the second embodiment (Ex.2) exhibits an average sound pressure level value of approximately 99.73%.

[0333] The sheet resistance of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the second embodiment (Ex.2) was measured to be 10.5 Ω / cm, and the capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 arranged in four arrays of two rows and two columns was measured to be 3.53 μF. The capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be from 3 μF to 4 μF.

[0334] Next, in the third embodiment (Ex.3), based on a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example is shown. Figure 9 and Figure 10 The vibration device described herein, comprising a first vibration portion 231, a second vibration portion 237, a first electrode portion 233, a second electrode portion 235, and a third electrode portion 239, has an average sound pressure level in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233, the second electrode portion 235, and the third electrode portion 239 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 150°C.

[0335] exist Figure 22In the third embodiment, the structure of the vibration device described in FIG14, including a vibration generator 230 comprising a first vibration portion 231 and a second vibration portion 237, is applied. As described above, a first polarity signal, either a positive (+) polarity signal or a negative (-) polarity signal, can be applied to the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235, and a second polarity signal, other than the first polarity signal, can be applied to the third electrode portion 239.

[0336] Compared with the first embodiment (Ex.1), the third embodiment (Ex.3) exhibits an average sound pressure level value of approximately 104.95%.

[0337] The sheet resistance of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the third embodiment (Ex.3) was measured to be 2.7 Ω / cm, and the capacitances of the first vibrating portion 231 and the second vibrating portion 237 arranged in four arrays in two rows and two columns were measured to be 3.63 μF and 3.65 μF, respectively. The capacitances of the first vibrating portion 231 and the second vibrating portion 237 according to embodiments of this disclosure can be from 3 μF to 4 μF.

[0338] Next, in the fourth embodiment (Ex.4), based on a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example is given in... Figure 17 , Figure 18A and Figure 18B The vibration device described herein, comprising a first electrode portion 233 and a second electrode portion 235 containing silver flake particles, exhibits an average sound pressure level in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 150°C. Compared to the first embodiment (Ex.1), the fourth embodiment (Ex.4) exhibits an average sound pressure level value that is approximately 96.39% higher.

[0339] The sheet resistance of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the fourth embodiment (Ex.4) was measured to be 0.2 Ω / cm, and the capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 arranged in four arrays in two rows and two columns was measured to be 3.28 μF. The capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be from 3 μF to 4 μF.

[0340] As a result of the sound pressure level measurement of the fourth embodiment (Ex.4), when the sheet resistance values ​​of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are compared with the capacitance value of the vibration portion 231 of the fourth embodiment (Ex.4), it can be seen that the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibration device of the fourth embodiment (Ex.4) exhibit low sheet resistance characteristics, but the sound pressure level characteristics are degraded due to the high contact resistance Rc between the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 and the vibration portion 231.

[0341] Next, in the fifth embodiment (Ex.5), based on a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example is given in... Figure 19A and Figure 19B The average sound pressure level of the vibration device, comprising a first electrode portion 233 and a second electrode portion 235 containing carbon particles, described herein is within a frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 150°C. Compared to the first embodiment (Ex.1), the fifth embodiment (Ex.5) exhibits an average sound pressure level value that is approximately 95.85% higher.

[0342] The sheet resistance of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the fifth embodiment (Ex.5) was measured to be 128 Ω / cm, and the capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 arranged in four arrays of two rows and two columns was measured to be 3.25 μF. The capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be from 3 μF to 4 μF.

[0343] As a result of the sound pressure level measurement in the fifth embodiment (Ex.5), when the sheet resistance values ​​of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are compared with the capacitance value of the vibration portion 231 in the fifth embodiment (Ex.5), it can be seen that the sound pressure level characteristics are degraded due to the high sheet resistance characteristics of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 of the vibration device 200.

[0344] Next, in the sixth embodiment (Ex.6), based on a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example is given in... Figure 20A The vibration device described herein, comprising a first electrode portion 233 and a second electrode portion 235 containing silver flake particles, exhibits an average sound pressure level in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 350°C. Compared to the first embodiment (Ex.1), the sixth embodiment (Ex.5) exhibits an average sound pressure level value that is approximately 99.73% higher.

[0345] Next, in the seventh embodiment (Ex.7), based on a comparison with the first embodiment (Ex.1), an example is given in... Figure 20B The vibration device described herein, comprising a first electrode portion 233 and a second electrode portion 235 containing silver flake particles, exhibits an average sound pressure level in the frequency range of 150 Hz to 8 kHz. Here, the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are prepared by sintering at a temperature of 650 °C. Compared to the first embodiment (Ex.1), the seventh embodiment (Ex.7) exhibits an average sound pressure level value that is approximately 101.07% higher.

[0346] The sheet resistance of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 in the seventh embodiment (Ex.7) was measured to be less than 0.1 Ω / cm, and the capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 arranged in four arrays in two rows and two columns was measured to be 3.52 μF. The capacitance of the vibrating portion 231 according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be from 3 μF to 4 μF.

[0347] As a result of the sound pressure level measurement in the seventh embodiment (Ex.7), when the sheet resistance values ​​of the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 are compared with the capacitance value of the vibration portion 231 in the seventh embodiment (Ex.7), it can be seen that although a gap V is formed between the first electrode portion 233 and the second electrode portion 235 and the vibration portion 231 of the vibration device, the sheet resistance is greatly reduced by the high-temperature process. Therefore, it is expected that the sound pressure level characteristics will be improved.

[0348] Figure 23 An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated, and Figure 24 It is along Figure 23 The cross-sectional view taken by line II-II' shown.

[0349] Reference Figure 23 and Figure 24 The device (or display device) according to the embodiments of the present disclosure includes a display panel (or vibrating object) 1100 for displaying images and a vibration generating device 1200 for vibrating the display panel 1100 when it is on the rear surface (or back surface) of the display panel 1100.

[0350] Display panel 1100 can display images (e.g., electronic or digital images). For example, display panel 1100 can display images by emitting light. Display panel 1100 can be any type of display panel or flexible display panel, such as a liquid crystal display panel, organic light-emitting display panel, quantum dot light-emitting display panel, micro-light-emitting diode display panel, and electrophoretic display panel. Display panel 1100 can be a flexible display panel. For example, display panel 1100 can be a flexible light-emitting display panel, flexible electrophoretic display panel, flexible electrowetting display panel, flexible micro-light-emitting diode display panel, or flexible quantum dot light-emitting display panel, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0351] The display panel 1100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display area AA configured to display an image based on the driving of a plurality of pixels. Furthermore, the display panel 1100 may also include a non-display area IA surrounding the display area AA, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0352] The display panel 1100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a pixel array portion disposed on a display area AA of a substrate. The pixel array portion may include a plurality of pixels that display an image according to signals provided to signal lines. The signal lines may include, but are not limited to, gating lines, data lines, and pixel driving power lines according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0353] Each of the plurality of pixels may include: a pixel circuit layer including a driving thin-film transistor (TFT) disposed in a pixel region formed by a plurality of gate lines and / or a plurality of data lines; a first electrode (or pixel electrode) electrically connected to the driving thin-film transistor (TFT); a light-emitting device formed on the first electrode; and a second electrode (or common electrode) electrically connected to the light-emitting device.

[0354] The light-emitting device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include an organic light-emitting device layer formed on a first electrode. The organic light-emitting device layer may be configured to emit light of the same color (e.g., white) for each pixel, or it may be configured to emit light of a different color (e.g., red, green, or blue) for each pixel.

[0355] According to another embodiment, the light-emitting device may include a miniature light-emitting diode device electrically connected to each of the first electrode and the second electrode. The miniature light-emitting diode device may be a light-emitting diode implemented as an integrated circuit (IC) or a chip. The miniature light-emitting diode device may include a first terminal electrically connected to the first electrode and a second terminal electrically connected to the second electrode.

[0356] According to another embodiment, a display panel 1100 may include a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate may be an upper substrate or a thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate. For example, the first substrate may include a pixel array having a plurality of pixels formed in pixel regions intersected by a plurality of gate lines and / or a plurality of data lines. Each of the plurality of pixels may include a thin-film transistor TFT connected to the gate lines and / or data lines, a pixel electrode connected to the thin-film transistor TFT, and a common electrode formed adjacent to the pixel electrode to provide a common voltage. The second substrate may be a lower substrate or a color filter array substrate. For example, the second substrate may include pixels containing opening regions overlapping with the pixel regions formed on the first substrate and a color filter layer formed in the opening regions. The liquid crystal layer may be disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer may be formed from liquid crystal in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules changes according to an electric field formed by a data voltage and a common voltage applied to the pixel electrode for each pixel.

[0357] The vibration generating device 1200 can provide acoustic and / or tactile feedback to the user based on the vibration of the display panel 1100 by vibrating the display panel 1100 on its rear surface. The vibration generating device 1200 can be implemented on the rear surface of the display panel 1100 to directly vibrate the display panel 1100.

[0358] As an embodiment of this disclosure, the vibration generating device 1200 can vibrate to cause the display panel 1100 to vibrate according to a vibration drive signal synchronized with an image displayed on the display panel 1100. As another embodiment, the vibration generating device 1200 can vibrate to cause the display panel 1100 to vibrate according to a tactile feedback signal (or touch feedback signal) synchronized with a user's touch on a touch panel (or touch sensor layer) disposed on or embedded in the display panel 1100. Therefore, the display panel 1100 can vibrate according to the vibration of the vibration generating device 1200 to provide at least one of acoustic and tactile feedback to the user (or viewer).

[0359] The vibration generating device 1200 according to the example can be implemented with a size corresponding to the display area AA of the display panel 1100. The size of the vibration generating device 1200 can be 0.9 to 1.1 times the size of the display area AA, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the size of the vibration generating device 1200 can be the same as or smaller than the size of the display area AA. For example, since the size of the vibration generating device 1200 can be the same as or substantially the same as the size of the display area AA of the display panel 1100, the vibration generating device 1200 can cover most of the display panel 1100, and since the vibration generated by the vibration generating device 1200 can vibrate the entire display panel 1100, the sound localization can be higher and user satisfaction can be improved. The vibration device can have a rectangular shape, which can be substantially the same size as the rectangular display. Furthermore, by increasing the contact area (or panel coverage) between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200 to increase the vibration area of ​​the display panel 1100, the sound in the low and mid-range frequencies generated by the vibration of the display panel 1100 can be improved. Additionally, since the vibration generating device 1200, applied to large display devices, can vibrate the entire (or large-area) display panel 1100, the localization of sound based on the vibration of the display panel 1100 can be further improved, thereby achieving an improved sound effect.

[0360] Since the vibration generating device 1200 according to the embodiments of this disclosure may include a reference Figures 1 to 22 One or more vibration devices are described, so redundant descriptions of them can be omitted or can be provided briefly.

[0361] The device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a connecting member 1150 disposed between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200.

[0362] The connecting member 1150 can be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200 to connect or attach the vibration generating device 1200 to the rear surface of the display panel 1100. For example, the vibration generating device 1200 can be directly connected or attached to the rear surface of the display panel 1100 via the connecting member 1150, thereby being supported or disposed at the rear surface of the display panel 1100.

[0363] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the connecting member 1150 may be formed of a material comprising an adhesive layer having excellent adhesion or bonding strength relative to the rear surface of the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200, respectively. For example, the connecting member 1150 may include a foam pad, double-sided tape, or adhesive, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 1150 may include, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, acrylic, silicone resin, or polyurethane. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 1150 may differ from the adhesive layer of the connecting member 1150. For example, the adhesive layer of the connecting member 1150 may include an acrylic material (or material) with relatively excellent adhesion and high hardness, such as acrylic or polyurethane. Therefore, vibrations from the vibration generating device 1200 can be easily transmitted to the display panel 1100.

[0364] According to another embodiment, the connecting member 1150 may further include a hollow portion disposed between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200. The hollow portion of the connecting member 1150 can provide an air gap between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200. The air gap minimizes vibration loss of the connecting member 1150 by allowing sound waves (or sound pressure levels) generated by vibrations of the vibration generating device 1200 to be concentrated on the display panel 1100 without being dispersed by the connecting member 1150. For example, the hollow portion of the connecting member 150 can help form a resonant cavity behind the display panel. Therefore, the sound pressure level characteristics of the sound generated by vibrations of the display panel 1100 can be increased.

[0365] The device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a support member 1300 disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 1100.

[0366] The support member 1300 may cover the rear surface of the display panel 1100. For example, the support member 1300 may cover the entire rear surface of the display panel 1100, with a gap space GS interposed therebetween. For example, the support member 1300 may include at least one of glass, metal, and plastic materials. For example, the support member 1300 may be a rear structure, a kit structure, a bottom cover, or a back cover, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0367] The device according to embodiments of this disclosure may further include an intermediate frame 1400.

[0368] An intermediate frame 1400 may be disposed between the rear edge of the display panel 1100 and the front edge portion of the support member 1300. The intermediate frame 1400 supports at least one edge portion of the display panel 1100 and the edge portion of the support member 1300, and surrounds at least one side surface of each of the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300. The intermediate frame 1400 may provide a gap space GS between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300.

[0369] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the intermediate frame 1400 may be connected to or attached to the rear edge portion of the display panel 1100 via a first frame connecting member 1401. The intermediate frame 1400 may be connected to or attached to the front edge portion of the support member 1300 via a second frame connecting member 1403.

[0370] The device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a panel connecting member in place of the intermediate frame 1400. The panel connecting member may be disposed between a rear edge portion of the display panel 1100 and a front edge portion of the support member 1300 to provide a gap space GS between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300. The panel connecting member may be disposed between the rear edge portion of the display panel 1100 and an edge portion of the support member 1300 to attach the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300.

[0371] As described above, the device (or display device) according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can output sound generated by the vibration of the display panel 1100 based on the vibration of the vibration generating device 1200 disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 1100 to the front of the display panel 1100 or the device, and concentrate or focus the sound generated by the vibration of the vibration generating device 1200 in a specific direction, so as to realize the privacy and security function of the user who is not allowed to hear the sound in the surrounding area (or non-hearing area) except for the area (or hearing area) in the specific direction.

[0372] exist Figure 23 and Figure 24 The present invention describes a vibration generating device 1200 that vibrates a display panel 1100 to generate or output sound; however, embodiments thereof are not limited thereto. For example, the vibration generating device 1200 may generate another vibrating object besides the display panel 1100 among the aforementioned vibrating objects to generate or output sound.

[0373] Figure 25 It is along Figure 23 The line II-II' shown is intercepted as Figure 23Another cross-sectional view of a variation of the vibration generating device shown. Therefore, in the following description, the description of components other than the vibration generating device and related components is omitted or simplified.

[0374] Reference Figure 23 and Figure 25 In another embodiment of the device according to this disclosure, the display panel 1100 may include a first rear region RA1 and a second rear region RA2 (e.g., for providing stereo and / or local haptic feedback). For example, the first rear region RA1 may be the right rear region of the display panel 1100, and the second rear region RA2 may be the left rear region of the display panel 1100. The first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 may be laterally symmetrical with respect to the center line CL of the display panel 1100 in a first direction X, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 may overlap with the display area AA of the display panel 1100.

[0375] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the vibration generating device 1200 may include a first vibration generating device 1200-1 and a second vibration generating device 1200-2.

[0376] The first vibration generating device 1200-1 can be disposed in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100. Depending on the required acoustic characteristics of the device or the characteristics of the first sound, the size of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 can be the same as or smaller than the size of the first rear region RA1. For example, the first vibration generating device 1200-1 can be configured to be offset from the center or edge of the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100 based on the first direction X.

[0377] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first vibration generating device 1200-1 vibrates the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100 to generate at least one of a first vibration sound, a first directional vibration sound, and a first tactile feedback. For example, the first vibration generating device 1200-1 can generate the first sound in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100 by directly vibrating the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100. For example, the first sound may be a right-facing sound.

[0378] The second vibration generating device 1200-2 can be disposed in the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. Depending on the required acoustic characteristics of the device or the characteristics of the second sound, the size of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 can be the same as or smaller than the size of the second rear region RA2. For example, the second vibration generating device 1200-2 can be configured to be offset from the center or edge of the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 based on the first direction X.

[0379] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the second vibration generating device 1200-2 vibrates the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 to generate at least one of a second vibration sound, a second directional vibration sound, and a second tactile feedback. For example, the second vibration generating device 1200-2 can directly vibrate the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 to generate a second sound from the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. For example, the second sound may be a left-facing sound.

[0380] Depending on the left and right acoustic characteristics of the device and / or the overall acoustic characteristics of the device, the first vibration generator 1200-1 and the second vibration generator 1200-2 may have the same or different dimensions. Furthermore, the first vibration generator 1200-1 and the second vibration generator 1200-2 may be arranged in a laterally symmetrical or laterally asymmetrical structure based on the center line CL of the display panel 1100.

[0381] Since each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the second vibration generating device 1200-2 may include a reference Figures 1 to 26 One or more vibration devices are described, so their redundant descriptions can be omitted or provided briefly.

[0382] Each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the second vibration generating device 1200-2 can be disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 1100 via a connecting member 1150. Because the connecting member 1150 is connected to the reference... Figure 24 The described connecting member 1150 is essentially the same, so its redundant description can be omitted or can be briefly provided.

[0383] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device (or display device) can output left and right sounds to the front of the display panel 1100 through the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the second vibration generating device 1200-2, and concentrate or focus the sound generated according to the corresponding vibrations of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the second vibration generating device 1200-2 in a specific direction, thereby realizing a user privacy security function that prevents the sound from being heard in the surrounding area (or non-listening area) other than the area (or listening area).

[0384] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device may further include a plate 1170 disposed between the display panel 1100 and the vibration generating device 1200.

[0385] Plate 1170 may have the same shape and size as the rear surface of display panel 1100, or it may have the same shape and size as vibration generating device 1200. As another example, plate 1170 may have a different size than display panel 1100. For example, plate 1170 may be smaller than display panel 1100. As another example, plate 1170 may have a different size than vibration generating device 1200. For example, plate 1170 may be larger or smaller than vibration generating device 1200. Vibration generating device 1200 may have the same size as or smaller than display panel 1100.

[0386] Plate 1170 can be connected to or coupled to the rear surface of display panel 1100 via plate connecting member 1190. Therefore, vibration generating device 1200 can be connected to or coupled to the rear surface of plate 1170 via connecting member 1150, thereby supporting or suspending on the rear surface of plate 1170.

[0387] The plate 1170 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a plurality of openings. The plurality of openings may be configured to have predetermined dimensions and predetermined intervals. For example, the plurality of openings may be formed along a first direction X and a second direction Y with constant dimensions and constant intervals. Each of the plurality of openings allows sound waves (or sound pressure levels) generated by vibrations of the vibration generating device 1200 to be concentrated on the display panel 1100 without being dispersed by the plate 1170, thereby minimizing vibration loss of the plate 1170. Therefore, the sound pressure level characteristics of the sound generated by vibrations of the display panel 1100 can be increased. For example, the plate 1170 including the plurality of openings may have a grid shape. For example, the plate 1170 including the plurality of openings may be a grid plate.

[0388] The plate 1170 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be formed of a metallic material. For example, the plate 1170 can be formed of any one or more of stainless steel, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), magnesium (Mg) alloy, magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy, and aluminum (Al) alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, the plate 1170 can be used as a heat dissipation plate for dissipating heat generated by the display panel 1100.

[0389] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the metal plate 1170 can reinforce the mass of the vibration generating device 1200 disposed or suspended on the rear surface of the display panel 1100. Therefore, the plate 1170 can reduce the resonant frequency of the vibration generating device 1200 by increasing the mass of the vibration generating device 1200. Consequently, the plate 1170 can increase the acoustic characteristics and sound pressure level characteristics in the low-frequency range generated in association with the vibration of the vibration generating device 1200, and improve the flatness of the sound pressure level characteristics. Here, the flatness of the acoustic characteristics can be the magnitude of the deviation between the highest and lowest sound pressure levels. For example, the plate 1170 can be represented as a counterweight member, a mass member, or an acoustic flattening member, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0390] Figure 26 An apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 26 Examples of adding Figure 25 The configuration of the partitions in the device shown is illustrated. Therefore, in the following text, redundant descriptions of components other than the partitions and related components are omitted or simplified.

[0391] Reference Figure 26 According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device may include a display panel 1100 and a vibration generating device 1200, and may also include a separator 1600 dividing a first rear region RA1 and a second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100.

[0392] The vibration generating device 1200 may include first to fourth vibration generating devices 1200-1, 1200-2, 1200-3 and 1200-4 disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 1100.

[0393] Since each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1, the second vibration generating device 1200-2, the third vibration generating device 1200-3, and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4 may include a reference Figures 1 to 22 One or more vibration devices are described, so redundant descriptions of them can be omitted or can be provided briefly.

[0394] Each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3 is arranged in a direction that intersects with each other or diagonally in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100, thereby increasing the vibration area of ​​the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100. For example, the diagonal direction can be the direction between the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0395] Each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3 vibrates the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100, thereby generating a first sound (or a right sound) or a first tactile feedback in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100. For example, the vibration area of ​​the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100 is increased according to the diagonal arrangement of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3, thereby improving the acoustic characteristics including the low-frequency characteristics of the first sound (or the right sound). For example, since the third vibration generating device 1200-3 is provided in addition to the first vibration generating device 1200-1, the first sound or first tactile feedback generated in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100 can be further improved compared to the first sound or first tactile feedback of a configuration that includes only a single vibration generating device.

[0396] Each of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4 is arranged in a direction that intersects with each other or diagonally in the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100, thereby increasing the vibration area relative to the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. For example, the diagonal direction can be the direction between the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[0397] Each of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4 vibrates the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100, thereby generating a second sound (or a left sound) or a second tactile feedback in the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. For example, the vibration area of ​​the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 is increased according to the diagonal arrangement of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4, thereby improving the acoustic characteristics, including the low-frequency characteristics of the second sound (or the left sound). For example, since a fourth vibration generating device 1200-4 is provided in addition to the second vibration generating device 1200-2, the second sound or second tactile feedback generated in the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 can be further improved compared to the case where only one vibration generating device is provided.

[0398] exist Figure 26In this configuration, each of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3 can be arranged as a parallel structure parallel to each other in the first direction X or the second direction Y. Therefore, as described above... Figure 25 Compared to the first sound or first tactile feedback described herein, the parallel arrangement of the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3 can further improve the first sound or first tactile feedback generated in the first rear region RA1 of the display panel 1100.

[0399] exist Figure 26 In this configuration, each of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4 can be arranged in a parallel structure parallel to each other in the first direction X or the second direction Y. Therefore, due to the parallel arrangement of the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4, the second sound or second tactile feedback generated in the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100 can be further improved compared to the case where only one vibration generating device is configured.

[0400] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the separator 1600 can spatially divide the display panel 1100 into a first rear region RA1 and a second rear region RA2.

[0401] The separator 1600 may be an air gap or space that generates sound in each of the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 when the display panel 1100 vibrates via the vibration generating device 1200. For example, the separator 1600 may separate the sound generated in each of the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 or separate the sound channels, and prevent or reduce the degradation of sound characteristics caused by interference from the sound generated in each of the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2. The separator 1600 may be represented as a sound blocking member, a sound separating member, a space separating member, a housing, or a baffle, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0402] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the separator 1600 can be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300 (see [link]). Figure 24 The display panel 1100 is spatially divided into a first rear region RA1 and a second rear region RA2. Furthermore, the separator 1600 can block or minimize acoustic interference between the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2.

[0403] The separator 1600 according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be formed of a material having elasticity that can be compressed to a certain extent. For example, the separator 1600 can be formed of polyurethane or polyolefin material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As another example, the separator 1600 can be formed of single-sided tape, single-sided foam tape, double-sided tape, or double-sided foam tape.

[0404] The separator 1600 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a first separator 1610 and a second separator 1620.

[0405] The first partition member 1610 may be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300 corresponding to the first rear region RA1. The first partition member 1610 may completely surround the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3. The first partition member 1610 may have a rectangular, circular, or elliptical shape surrounding the first vibration generating device 1200-1 and the third vibration generating device 1200-3, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0406] The second partition member 1620 may be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300 corresponding to the second rear region RA2. The second partition member 1620 may completely surround the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4. The second partition member 1620 may have a rectangular, circular, or elliptical shape surrounding the second vibration generating device 1200-2 and the fourth vibration generating device 1200-4, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0407] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the first partition member 1610 and the second partition member 1620 may have the same or different shapes. For example, each of the first partition member 1610 and the second partition member 1620 may have a rectangular shape. For example, the first partition member 1610 may have a rectangular ring shape, and the second partition member 1620 may have a circular ring shape or an elliptical ring shape.

[0408] In another embodiment of the device according to this disclosure, the sound output characteristics can be further improved by separating the left and right sounds by the first separating member 1610 and the second separating member 1620, and due to the separation of the left and right sounds, the sound of two or more channels can be output to the front of the display panel 1100. For example, the first separating member 1610 and the second separating member 1620 can help isolate vibrations and keep them near their respective starting points in order to provide the user with more accurate tactile feedback and / or improved stereo sound.

[0409] The separator 1600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a third separator 1630 disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300.

[0410] The third partition member 1630 may be disposed between the rear edge of the display panel 1100 and the front edge of the support member 1300. The third partition member 1630 may be configured to surround the entire vibration generating device 1200. The third partition member 1630 may be represented as an edge separator, a sound blocking member, an edge housing, or an edge baffle, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the third partition member 1630 may be configured to be adjacent to or in contact with the aforementioned intermediate frame 1400, and may be surrounded by the intermediate frame 1400. As another example, the third partition member 1630 may be integrally implemented with the intermediate frame 1400.

[0411] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the third partition member 1630 may be made of the same material as at least one of the first partition member 1610 and the second partition member 1620.

[0412] The separator 1600 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a fourth separator 1640 and a fifth separator 1650.

[0413] The fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300. For example, the fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can be disposed in the middle region of the display panel 1100. For example, the fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can be disposed parallel to each other in the middle region of the display panel 1100. The fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can be disposed at the rear center line CL of the display panel 1100 and divide the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. For example, the fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can spatially divide the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2 of the display panel 1100. Therefore, the fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 can block or minimize acoustic interference between the first rear region RA1 and the second rear region RA2. Therefore, in another embodiment of the device according to this disclosure, the sound output characteristics can be further improved by separating the left and right sounds by the fourth separating member 1640 and the fifth separating member 1650, and the sound including two or more channels can be output to the front of the display panel 1100 by separating the left and right sounds.

[0414] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the fourth partition member 1640 and the fifth partition member 1650 may be made of the same material as at least one of the first to third partition members 1610, 1620 and 1630.

[0415] According to embodiments of this disclosure, either the fourth partition member 1640 or the fifth partition member 1650 can be omitted. For example, when the fifth partition member 1650 is omitted, the fourth partition member 1640 can be disposed between the display panel 1100 and the support member 1300 to correspond to the rear center line (CL) of the display panel 1100. Even if either the fourth partition member 1640 or the fifth partition member 1650 is omitted, the left and right audio can still be separated.

[0416] Therefore, the device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can optimize the sound pressure level characteristics and reproduced sound range of each of the left and right sounds by including the separator 1600. For example, the device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one or more of the first to fifth separators 1610, 1620, 1630, 1640 and 1650.

[0417] The devices according to embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to all devices and / or electronic devices that use a display panel or a vibrating object as an acoustic diaphragm. For example, devices according to embodiments of this disclosure may include mobile devices, video phones, smartwatches, watch phones, wearable devices, foldable devices, rollable devices, bendable devices, flexible devices, bending devices, sliding devices, electronic notebooks, e-books, portable multimedia players (PMPs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players, mobile medical devices, desktop PCs, laptop PCs, netbooks, workstations, GPS navigation, GPS vehicle navigation, vehicle display devices, televisions, wallpaper display devices, signage devices, gaming devices, laptops, monitors, cameras, portable camcorders, home appliances, etc. Furthermore, the vibration device of this disclosure can be applied to LED lighting devices, organic light-emitting lighting devices, or inorganic light-emitting lighting devices. When the vibration device is applied to a lighting device, it can function as both a light source and a speaker. Additionally, when the vibration device of this disclosure is applied to a mobile device, it can be at least one of a speaker, a receiver, and a tactile device, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. As another example, the vibration device of this disclosure can be applied to non-display devices or vibrating objects other than display devices. For example, when the vibration device is applied to a non-display device or a vibrating object other than a display device, it can be a speaker for a vehicle or a speaker implemented in conjunction with lighting, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0418] Vibration devices and apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be described as follows.

[0419] The vibration device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a vibration portion, a first electrode portion disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion include at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

[0420] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion may each be configured as a single layer, and each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion may include conductive metal nanoparticles.

[0421] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer of the first electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer of the first electrode portion can be in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm.

[0422] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal nanoparticles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0423] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, conductive metal nanoparticles may have a particle size of less than or equal to 1 μm.

[0424] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer may include carbon particles and the second layer may include conductive metal sheet particles.

[0425] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 5 μm to 20 μm.

[0426] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0427] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0428] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon particles may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0429] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon nanoparticles may have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm or 150 nm to 350 nm, and carbon flake particles may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0430] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the second electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer may include carbon particles and the second layer may include conductive metal sheet particles.

[0431] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

[0432] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0433] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon particles may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

[0434] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon nanoparticles may have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm or 150 nm to 350 nm, and carbon flake particles may have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0435] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibrating portion may include a plurality of inorganic vibrating portions and an organic vibrating portion between two of the plurality of inorganic vibrating portions, each of the plurality of inorganic vibrating portions including a piezoelectric material.

[0436] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, multiple inorganic vibrational components may be formed from ceramic matrix materials capable of achieving relatively high vibrations or piezoelectric ceramics having a perovskite-based crystal structure.

[0437] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, multiple inorganic vibration components may have a piezoelectric strain coefficient d of 1000 pC / N or greater in the thickness direction of the vibration device. 33 .

[0438] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the organic vibrating portion may include at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0439] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, multiple inorganic and organic vibration components can be alternately and repeatedly arranged along a first or second direction of the vibration device.

[0440] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, each of the plurality of inorganic vibrating portions may have a first width parallel to a first direction or a second direction, and each of the organic vibrating portions may have a second width parallel to the first direction or the second direction, the second width being the same as or different from the first width.

[0441] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the second width of each of the organic vibrating portions can gradually decrease from the middle portion of the vibrating portion toward the two edge portions of the vibrating portion.

[0442] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion may be configured as a single layer, and each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion may include conductive metal nanoparticles and piezoelectric nanoparticles.

[0443] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, piezoelectric nanoparticles may comprise the same material as the material of the inorganic vibrating part, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles may have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0444] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal nanoparticles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt) and copper (Cu), and the conductive metal nanoparticles may have a particle size of less than or equal to 1 μm.

[0445] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer includes carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and the second layer includes conductive metal sheet particles.

[0446] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric nanoparticles may comprise the same material as the inorganic vibrating part, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0447] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt) and copper (Cu), and the conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0448] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon particles may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles, wherein the carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm or 150 nm to 350 nm, and the carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0449] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, at least one of the first layer of the first electrode portion and the first layer of the second electrode portion may include a first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion and a second portion overlapping with the organic vibration portion, wherein the first portion may include at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and wherein the second portion may include at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0450] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the second electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer includes carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and the second layer includes conductive metal sheet particles.

[0451] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the piezoelectric nanoparticles may comprise the same material as the inorganic vibrating part, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 μm.

[0452] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the conductive metal flake particles may include at least one or more of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt) and copper (Cu), and the conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0453] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, carbon particles may include at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles, wherein the carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm or 150 nm to 350 nm, and the carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 μm to 10 μm (e.g., 5 μm).

[0454] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first layer of the first electrode portion may include a first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion and a second portion overlapping with the organic vibration portion, wherein the first portion may include at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and the second portion may include at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0455] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first layer of the second electrode portion may include a first portion overlapping with the inorganic vibration portion and a second portion overlapping with the organic vibration portion, wherein the first portion may include at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and the second portion may include at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0456] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration device may further include a first protective member disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion and a second protective member disposed on a second surface of the vibration portion.

[0457] The vibration device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode portion, a first vibration portion disposed on the rear surface of the first electrode portion, a third electrode portion disposed on the rear surface of the first vibration portion, a second vibration portion disposed on the rear surface of the third electrode portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on the rear surface of the second vibration portion, wherein the first vibration portion and the second vibration portion have polarization directions opposite to each other.

[0458] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the first electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the front surface of the first vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer may include carbon particles and the second layer may include conductive metal sheet particles.

[0459] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the second electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the front surface of the first vibration portion and a second layer disposed on the first layer, wherein the first layer may include carbon particles and the second layer may include conductive metal sheet particles.

[0460] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the third electrode portion may include a first layer disposed adjacent to the rear surface of the first vibration portion, a third layer disposed adjacent to the front surface of the second vibration portion, and a second layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer, wherein the first layer and the third layer may include carbon particles, and the second layer may include conductive metal sheet particles.

[0461] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the thickness of the first layer of the third electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, the thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion can be in the range of 10 μm to 20 μm, and the thickness of the third layer of the third electrode portion can be in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0462] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibrating portion may include a plurality of inorganic vibrating portions and an organic vibrating portion between the plurality of inorganic vibrating portions, each of the plurality of inorganic vibrating portions including a piezoelectric material.

[0463] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the organic vibrating portion may include at least one of organic materials, organic polymers, organic piezoelectric materials, and organic non-piezoelectric materials.

[0464] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibration device may further include a first protective member disposed on the front surface of the vibration device and a second protective member disposed on the rear surface of the vibration device.

[0465] An apparatus including a vibration device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a vibration object and a vibration generating device disposed on a surface of the vibration object. The vibration generating device includes a vibration device, which includes a vibration portion, a first electrode portion disposed on a first surface of the vibration portion, and a second electrode portion disposed on a second surface of the vibration portion. The first electrode portion and the second electrode portion include at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles.

[0466] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the device may further include a connecting member disposed between the vibrating device and the vibrating object, and configured to connect the vibrating device to the rear surface of the vibrating object.

[0467] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the connecting member includes a hollow portion disposed between the vibrating object and the vibrating device for providing an air gap between the vibrating object and the vibrating device.

[0468] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, the vibrating object may be one or more of the following: a display panel having pixels configured to display images, a screen panel projecting images from a display device, a lighting panel, a vibrating plate, wood, plastic, glass, cloth, interior materials of a vehicle, glass windows of a vehicle, interior ceilings of a building, glass windows of a building, interior materials of an aircraft, and glass windows of an aircraft.

[0469] The device according to embodiments of the present disclosure can generate sound by vibrating a display panel and can output sound with improved sound pressure level characteristics to the front of the display panel.

[0470] In the device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the characteristics of the middle range, low range and / or mid-low range of the sound generated based on the display panel or the displacement of a vibrating object based on the increase in the amplitude displacement of the display panel can be improved.

[0471] The vibration device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the characteristics of the low-frequency, mid-low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency ranges of the sound generated according to the displacement of the vibrating plate.

[0472] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure without departing from the technical spirit or scope thereof. Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure are intended to cover such modifications and variations, provided they fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0473] Cross-reference to related applications

[0474] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0189825, filed on December 31, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A vibration device comprising: a vibration portion; a first electrode portion disposed at a first surface of the vibration portion; and a second electrode portion disposed at a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion comprises piezoelectric nanoparticles and at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles. each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is configured as a single layer, and 2. The vibration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion comprises conductive metal nanoparticles. the conductive metal nanoparticles comprise at least one of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

3. The vibration apparatus of claim 2, wherein, the conductive metal nanoparticles have a particle size of less than or equal to 1 µm.

4. The vibration apparatus of claim 2, wherein, the first electrode portion comprises:

5. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein, a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion, the first layer comprising carbon particles; and a second layer disposed at the first layer, the second layer comprising conductive metal flake particles. a thickness of the first layer of the first electrode portion is in a range of 1 µm to 10 µm, and a thickness of the second layer of the first electrode portion is in a range of 5 µm to 20 µm.

6. The vibration apparatus of claim 5, wherein, the conductive metal flake particles comprise at least one of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

7. The vibration apparatus of claim 5, wherein, the conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

8. The vibration apparatus of claim 5, wherein, the carbon particles comprise at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

9. The vibration apparatus of claim 5, wherein, 10.The vibration device according to claim 9, wherein the carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and the carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm. the second electrode portion comprises:

11. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein, a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion, the first layer comprising carbon particles; and a second layer disposed at the first layer, the second layer comprising conductive metal flake particles. a thickness of the first layer of the second electrode portion is in a range of 1 µm to 10 µm, and a thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion is in a range of 5 µm to 20 µm.

12. The vibration apparatus of claim 11, wherein, the conductive metal flake particles comprise at least one of silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and copper (Cu).

13. The vibration apparatus of claim 11, wherein, the conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

14. The vibration apparatus of claim 11, wherein, the carbon particles comprise at least one of carbon nanoparticles and carbon flake particles.

15. The vibrating device of claim 11, wherein, 16.The vibration device according to claim 15, wherein the carbon nanoparticles have a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and the carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm. the vibration portion comprises:

17. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein, a plurality of inorganic vibration portions each comprising a piezoelectric material; and an organic vibration portion between at least two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions. the plurality of inorganic vibration portions are formed of a ceramic-based material capable of achieving relatively high vibration or a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystal structure.

18. The vibrating device of claim 17, wherein, ​ 19. The vibratory apparatus of claim 17, wherein, The plurality of inorganic vibration portions have a piezoelectric strain coefficient d of 1000 pC / N or more in a thickness direction of the vibration device 33 .

20. The vibratory apparatus of claim 17, wherein, The organic vibration portion includes at least one of an organic material, an organic polymer, an organic piezoelectric material, and an organic non-piezoelectric material.

21. The vibratory apparatus of claim 20, wherein, The plurality of inorganic vibration portions and the organic vibration portion are alternately and repeatedly disposed in a first direction or a second direction of the vibration device.

22. The vibratory apparatus of claim 21, wherein, Each of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions has a first width parallel to the first direction or the second direction, and each of the organic vibration portions has a second width parallel to the first direction or the second direction, the second width being the same as or different from the first width.

23. The vibratory apparatus of claim 22, wherein, The second width of each of the organic vibration portions gradually decreases from a middle portion of the vibration portion toward two edge portions of the vibration portion.

24. The vibration device of claim 1, further comprising: a first protective member disposed at the first surface of the vibration portion; and a second protective member disposed at the second surface of the vibration portion.

25. A vibration device, comprising: a vibration portion; a first electrode portion disposed at a first surface of the vibration portion; and a second electrode portion disposed at a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes at least one of a conductive metal particle and a carbon particle, wherein the vibration portion includes: a plurality of inorganic vibration portions each including a piezoelectric material; and an organic vibration portion between at least two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion is configured as a single layer, and wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes a conductive metal nanoparticle and a piezoelectric nanoparticle.

26. The vibratory device of claim 25, wherein, The piezoelectric nanoparticle includes a same material as a material of the inorganic vibration portion, and The piezoelectric nanoparticle has a particle diameter less than 1 µm.

27. The vibration device of claim 25, wherein, The conductive metal nanoparticle includes at least one of silver Ag, gold Au, platinum Pt, and copper Cu, and The conductive metal nanoparticle has a particle diameter less than 1 µm.

28. A vibration device, comprising: a vibration portion; a first electrode portion disposed at a first surface of the vibration portion; and a second electrode portion disposed at a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes at least one of a conductive metal particle and a carbon particle, wherein the vibration portion includes: a plurality of inorganic vibration portions each including a piezoelectric material; and an organic vibration portion between at least two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions, wherein the first electrode portion includes: a first layer disposed adjacent to the vibration portion, the first layer including carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles; and a second layer disposed at the first layer, the second layer including conductive metal flake particles.

29. The vibratory device of claim 28, wherein, The piezoelectric nanoparticles include the same material as a material of the inorganic vibration portion, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 µm.

30. The vibration device of claim 28, wherein, The conductive metal flake particles include at least one of silver Ag, gold Au, platinum Pt, and copper Cu, and The conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

31. The vibration device of claim 28, wherein, The carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticle and carbon flake particles, The carbon nanoparticle has a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and The carbon flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

32. The vibratory apparatus of claim 28, wherein, The first layer of the first electrode portion includes: a first portion overlapping the inorganic vibration portion; and a second portion overlapping the organic vibration portion, wherein the first portion includes at least one of carbon particles and piezoelectric nanoparticles, and The second portion includes at least one of organic material, organic polymer, organic piezoelectric material, and organic non-piezoelectric material.

33. A vibration device, the vibration device comprising: a vibration portion; a first electrode portion disposed at a first surface of the vibration portion; and a second electrode portion disposed at a second surface of the vibration portion, wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes at least one of conductive metal particles and carbon particles, wherein the vibration portion includes: a plurality of inorganic vibration portions each including piezoelectric material; and an organic vibration portion between at least two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions, wherein at least one of a first layer of the first electrode portion and a first layer of the second electrode portion includes: a first portion overlapping at least one of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions; and a second portion overlapping the organic vibration portion, wherein the first portion includes piezoelectric nanoparticles, and The second portion includes at least one of organic material, organic polymer, organic piezoelectric material, and organic non-piezoelectric material.

34. The vibratory device of claim 33, wherein, The second electrode portion includes a second layer disposed at the first layer of the second electrode portion, wherein the first layer of the second electrode portion is disposed adjacent to the vibration portion and includes carbon particles and the piezoelectric nanoparticles, and The second layer includes conductive metal flake particles.

35. The vibratory device of claim 34, wherein, The piezoelectric nanoparticles include the same material as a material of the inorganic vibration portion, and the piezoelectric nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 1 µm.

36. The vibration device of claim 34, wherein, The conductive metal flake particles include at least one of silver Ag, gold Au, platinum Pt, and copper Cu, and The conductive metal flake particles include at least one of silver Ag, gold Au, platinum Pt, and copper Cu, and The conductive metal flake particles have a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

37. The vibration device of claim 34, wherein, The carbon particles include at least one of carbon nanoparticle and carbon flake particle, The carbon nanoparticle has a size of 10 nm to 500 nm, and The carbon flake particle has a particle size of 1 µm to 10 µm.

38. The vibratory device of claim 34, wherein, The first layer of the second electrode portion includes the first portion and the second portion.

39. A vibration device, the vibration device comprising: a first electrode portion; a first vibration portion disposed at a rear surface of the first electrode portion; a third electrode portion disposed at a rear surface of the first vibration portion; a second vibration portion disposed at a rear surface of the third electrode portion; and a second electrode portion disposed at a rear surface of the second vibration portion, wherein the first vibration portion and the second vibration portion have polarization directions opposite to each other, and wherein each of the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion includes a piezoelectric nanoparticle. The first electrode portion includes:

40. The vibratory device of claim 39, wherein, a first layer disposed adjacent to a front surface of the first vibration portion, the first layer including carbon particles; and a second layer disposed at the first layer, the second layer including conductive metal flake particles. The second electrode portion includes:

41. The vibratory apparatus of claim 39, wherein, a first layer disposed adjacent to a front surface of the first vibration portion; and a second layer disposed at the first layer, wherein the first layer includes carbon particles, and the second layer includes conductive metal flake particles. The third electrode portion includes:

42. The vibratory device of claim 39, wherein, a first layer disposed adjacent to the rear surface of the first vibration portion; a third layer disposed adjacent to a front surface of the second vibration portion; and a second layer disposed between the first layer and the third layer, wherein each of the first layer and the third layer includes carbon particles, and the second layer includes conductive metal flake particles. A thickness of the first layer of the third electrode portion is in a range of 1 µm to 10 µm, a thickness of the second layer of the second electrode portion is in a range of 10 µm to 20 µm, and a thickness of the third layer of the third electrode portion is in a range of 1 µm to 10 µm.

43. The vibratory device of claim 42, wherein, The vibration portion includes:

44. The vibratory device of claim 39, wherein, a plurality of inorganic vibration portions each including a piezoelectric material; and an organic vibration portion between two of the plurality of inorganic vibration portions. The organic vibration portion includes at least one of organic material, organic polymer, organic piezoelectric material, and organic non-piezoelectric material.

45. The vibratory device of claim 44, wherein, 46. The vibration device of claim 39, further comprising: a first protection member disposed at a front surface of the vibration device; and a second protection member disposed at a rear surface of the vibration device. ​ a second protection member disposed at a rear surface of the vibration device.

47. An apparatus comprising a vibration device, the apparatus comprising: a vibration object; and a vibration generation device disposed at one surface of the vibration object, wherein the vibration generation device comprises the vibration device according to any one of claims 1 to 46.

48. The apparatus according to claim 47, further comprising: a connection member disposed between the vibration device and the vibration object and configured to connect the vibration device to a rear surface of the vibration object.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein, the connection member comprises a hollow portion disposed between the vibration object and the vibration device for providing an air gap between the vibration object and the vibration device.

50. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein, the vibration object comprises one or more of a display panel having pixels configured to display an image, a screen panel to project an image from a display device, an illumination panel, a vibration panel, wood, plastic, glass, cloth, an interior material of a vehicle, a glazing window of a vehicle, an interior ceiling of a building, a glazing window of a building, an interior material of an aircraft, and a glazing window of an aircraft.

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