Random pulse signal generator, generation method, device, equipment and medium

Abstract

The present application relates to a random pulse signal generator, generation method, device, equipment and medium. A pulse generation circuit and a pulse output circuit; the pulse generation circuit includes multiple random number generators and multiple random number filters; the random number generators and random number filters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence; the random number generator is used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; the random number filter is used to filter and process the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of a nuclear event, and if the random number meets the filtering conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated; the pulse output circuit is used to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution. Using this random pulse signal generator can simulate nuclear experiments, avoid long-term exposure of experimenters to nuclear signal sources, and thus avoid radiation dose damage caused by nuclear signal sources to experimenters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of nuclear measurement technology, and in particular to a random pulse signal generator, generation method, device, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] In the field of nuclear radiation measurement technology, nuclear signal sources such as radioactive sources and experimental reactors are often used for detector calibration, nuclear measurement calibration, instrument testing, and nuclear radiation measurement R&D. In reactor ex-core nuclear measurement instrumentation systems, detectors with three different sensitivity ranges are typically used to monitor neutron fluxes over 10 orders of magnitude. Pulsed neutron detectors, such as proportional counter tubes and fission chamber detectors, are often used. These pulsed detectors detect nuclear signal sources and output a corresponding pulsed signal. Analysis of this pulsed signal can determine parameters such as the source's type, energy, intensity, and nuclear lifetime.

[0003] However, nuclear signal sources are highly radioactive, and long-term exposure to them can easily cause radiation dose damage to relevant researchers or experimenters.

[0004] Therefore, how to avoid radiation dose damage to researchers or experimenters related to nuclear signal sources has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a random pulse signal generator, generation method, device, equipment and medium, which can prevent experimenters from being exposed to nuclear signal sources for a long time, thereby preventing the nuclear signal sources from causing radiation dose damage to the experimenters.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a random pulse signal generator. The random pulse signal generator includes: a pulse generation circuit and a pulse output circuit; the pulse generation circuit includes multiple random number generators and multiple random number filters; the random number generators and random number filters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0007] Random number generator, used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0008] A random number filter is used to filter the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of nuclear event occurrence, and generate an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the filtering conditions;

[0009] The pulse output circuit is used to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0010] In one embodiment, the pulse generation circuit includes multiple random number generators and multiple random number filters; the random number generators and random number filters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence; the random number generators are used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; the random number filters are used to filter and process the random numbers generated by the random number generators corresponding to the random number filters according to the probability of nuclear events, and if the random numbers meet the filtering conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated.

[0011] In one embodiment, the random number filter includes a comparator and a trigger; the comparator is used to filter the random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of occurrence of a nuclear event; the trigger is used to generate an initial pulse signal when the random number meets the filtering conditions.

[0012] In one embodiment, the random number generator uses a co-located parallel linear feedback shift register; the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is expressed as follows:

[0013]

[0014] Wherein, j represents the number of bits of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; s represents the number of bits of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; i represents the i-th bit of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; R(i) represents the value of the i-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment; Rp(is) represents the value of the (is)-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment; Rp(j+1-i)+Rp(j-1-i) represents the value of the (j+1-i)-th bit and the value of the (j-1-i)-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment. The value after the exclusive OR operation; R(i) = Rp(j+1-i) + Rp(j-1-i), i = [1, s] means that the value of the first s bits of the binary random number output by the current co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is the value of the exclusive OR operation of the value of the (j+1-i)th bit and the value of the (j-1-i)th bit of the binary random number output by the previous co-located parallel linear feedback shift register; R(i) = Rp(is), i = [s+1, j] means that the value after the sth bit of the binary random number output by the current co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is the value of the (is)th bit of the binary random number output by the previous co-located parallel linear feedback shift register. The co-located parallel linear feedback shift register generates random numbers according to the following formula: R m =T m Rp m ; Among them, R m represents the output of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment; Tm Rp represents the transfer matrix of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register; m Represents the output of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment.

[0015] In one embodiment, the pulse output circuit includes a delay circuit and an accumulation circuit connected to each other; the delay circuit is used to delay at least one initial pulse signal so that at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit according to a preset time; the accumulation circuit is used to perform time domain accumulation processing based on the time when at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit to obtain a target pulse signal.

[0016] In one embodiment, the delay circuit includes a plurality of transmission conductors; the lengths of the plurality of transmission conductors are different, so that at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit according to a preset time.

[0017] In one embodiment, the pulse output circuit further includes a plurality of loads; the loads are connected between the pulse generating circuit and the delay circuit; and the loads are used to match the impedance of the loads with the impedance of the transmission conductor.

[0018] In one embodiment, the pulse output circuit further includes a voltage divider circuit; the voltage divider circuit is configured to perform voltage division processing on at least one initial pulse signal to reduce the amplitude of the at least one initial pulse signal.

[0019] In one embodiment, the pulse output circuit further includes a buffer circuit; the buffer circuit is connected between the accumulation circuit and the pulse signal output end; the buffer circuit is used to smooth the target pulse signal to remove noise in the target pulse signal.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for generating a pulse signal. The method comprises:

[0021] Simulating a nuclear experiment and generating at least one initial pulse signal according to the probability of occurrence of the nuclear experiment and nuclear event;

[0022] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a pulse signal generating device. The device comprises:

[0024] Generation module, used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0025] A screening module is used to screen the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of nuclear event occurrence, and generate an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the screening conditions;

[0026] The output module is used to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0027] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer device. The computer device includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are performed:

[0028] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0029] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0030] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0031] In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0032] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0033] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0034] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0035] In a sixth aspect, the present application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0036] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0037] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0038] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0039] The present invention provides a random pulse signal generator, generation method, apparatus, device, and medium. The random pulse signal generator includes a pulse generation circuit and a pulse output circuit. The pulse generation circuit is used to simulate a nuclear experiment and generate at least one initial pulse signal based on the probability of a nuclear experiment and a nuclear event. The pulse output circuit is used to process the at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal. The target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution. The probability distribution of the pulse generation is a binomial distribution with a probability of a nuclear event less than 1%. In this case, the binomial distribution approximates a Poisson distribution. That is, the target pulse signal conforms to a Poisson distribution. Therefore, the random pulse signal generator provided in the present invention can simulate the output of a pulsed neutron detector, that is, simulate a nuclear experiment, and generate a target pulse signal corresponding to a nuclear event based on the probability of a nuclear event in the nuclear experiment and all nuclear experiments. This allows experimenters to analyze and study nuclear signal sources using the target pulse signal generated by the random pulse signal generator, avoiding prolonged exposure to the nuclear signal source and thus preventing radiation dose damage to the experimenter from the nuclear signal source. Furthermore, the simulation of the output of the pulsed neutron detector is realized, which saves manpower, material resources and financial resources consumed in the nuclear test process and saves a lot of resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a random pulse signal generator in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a random number filter in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a co-located parallel linear feedback shift register in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of random number generation results of multiple co-located parallel linear feedback shift registers in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a pulse output circuit in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 6 is a clock signal waveform diagram of a signal pulse generator in one embodiment;

[0046] Figure 7 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a delay circuit in one embodiment;

[0047] Figure 8 1 is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a load in a pulse output circuit in one embodiment;

[0048] Figure 91 is a circuit diagram of a voltage divider circuit, an accumulator circuit, and a buffer circuit in one embodiment;

[0049] Figure 10 1 is a flow chart of a pulse signal generating method according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figure 11 is another flow chart of a pulse signal generating method according to an embodiment;

[0051] Figure 12 This is a front view of a random pulse signal generator according to one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the back appearance of a random pulse signal generator in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of a pulse signal generating device in one embodiment;

[0054] Figure 15 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a computer device in one embodiment.

[0055] Description of reference numerals:

[0056] 10-Pulse generation circuit, 11-Random number generator, 12-Random number filter, 121-Comparator, 122-Flip-flop, 20-Pulse output circuit, 21-Delay circuit, 211-Transmission wire, 22-Accumulation circuit, 23-Load, 24-Voltage divider circuit, 25-Buffer circuit, 26-Magnetic bead. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0058] In the field of nuclear radiation measurement technology, nuclear signal sources such as radioactive sources and experimental reactors are often used for detector calibration, nuclear measurement calibration, instrument testing, and nuclear radiation measurement R&D. In reactor ex-core nuclear measurement instrumentation systems, detectors with three different sensitivity ranges are typically used to monitor neutron fluxes over 10 orders of magnitude. Pulsed neutron detectors, such as proportional counter tubes and fission chamber detectors, are often used. These pulsed detectors detect nuclear signal sources and output a corresponding pulsed signal. Analysis of this pulsed signal can determine parameters such as the source's type, energy, intensity, and nuclear lifetime.

[0059] However, nuclear signal sources are highly radioactive, and long-term exposure to them can easily cause radiation dose damage to relevant researchers or experimenters.

[0060] Based on this, the present application provides a random pulse signal generator, generation method, device, equipment and medium, which can prevent experimenters from being exposed to nuclear signal sources for a long time, thereby preventing the nuclear signal sources from causing radiation dose damage to the experimenters.

[0061] The random pulse signal generator provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the field of nuclear measurement technology for analyzing and studying nuclear signal sources, and can also be applied to other technical fields, which is not limited by the present application.

[0062] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a random pulse signal generator is provided, comprising a pulse generation circuit 10 and a pulse output circuit 20. The pulse generation circuit 10 includes multiple random number generators 11 and multiple random number filters 12. The random number generators 11 and random number filters 12 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The random number generators 11 are used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers. The random number filters 12 are used to filter the random numbers generated by the random number generators 11 corresponding to the random number filters 12 based on the probability of a nuclear event. If the random numbers meet the filtering conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated. The pulse output circuit 20 is used to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal. The target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0063] Studies have shown that after multiple nuclear tests, the probability distribution of nuclear events conforms to the Poisson distribution shown in the following formula (1):

[0064]

[0065] Where t represents the time period of the nuclear experiment; λ represents the average counting rate of nuclear events in time period t; x(t) represents the number of nuclear events; k represents the number of nuclear events in time period t; Equation (1) represents the probability distribution when a nuclear event occurs k times in time period t.

[0066] Among them, the counting rate refers to the nuclear radiation count recorded by the detector per unit time, that is, the number of nuclear events occurring per unit time.

[0067] In n independent repeated Bernoulli trials, the probability distribution of event A conforms to the binomial distribution shown in the following formula (2):

[0068]

[0069] Where x(A) represents the number of times event A occurs; n represents the number of Bernoulli trials; k represents the number of times event A occurs in n independent repeated Bernoulli trials; p represents the probability of event A occurring in n independent repeated Bernoulli trials; formula (2) represents the probability distribution of event A occurring k times in n independent repeated Bernoulli trials.

[0070] In order to make the quadratic distribution approach the Poisson distribution, the following formula (3) is established:

[0071]

[0072] Then 1-p≥0.99, that is, p<0.01, that is, in n independent repeated Bernoulli trials, when the probability of event A occurring is less than 1%, the probability distribution of event A approaches the Poisson distribution.

[0073] The pulse generation circuit 10 in the embodiment of the present application can simulate a nuclear experiment by controlling the probability of a nuclear event to less than 1% and generating an initial pulse signal when a nuclear event occurs, thereby making the initial pulse signal generated by the pulse generation circuit 10 conform to a Poisson distribution, i.e., making the initial pulse signal generated by the pulse generation circuit 10 representative of the nuclear event. For example, the pulse generation circuit 10 can generate multiple random numbers to simulate a nuclear experiment; filter the generated random numbers and control the number of filtered random numbers to be less than 1% of the number of generated random numbers, thereby simulating the occurrence of a nuclear event; and generate an initial pulse signal when the random numbers are filtered, thereby simulating the probability distribution of the probability of the nuclear event, i.e., a Poisson distribution.

[0074] In order to simulate nuclear experiments and nuclear events, the pulse generating circuit 10 in the embodiment of the present application may include multiple random number generators 11 and multiple random number filters 12. In the embodiment of the present application, the pulse generating circuit 10 may adopt FPGA, and 100 random number generators 11 and 100 random number filters 12 are set in the FPGA to achieve 10 10 Hz nuclear experiment simulation frequency. Among them, the random number generator 11 and the random number filter 12 are as follows Figure 2 The shown connections are one-to-one.

[0075] The random number generator 11 is used to generate random numbers. Each random number generated is equivalent to a nuclear test. If the pulse generating circuit 10 includes 100 random number generators 11, the pulse generating circuit 10 can generate 10 random numbers in 1 second. 10 Random numbers, equivalent to 10 in 1 second 10 nuclear test.

[0076] The random number filter 12 is used to filter the multiple random numbers generated by the random number generator 11 connected to the random number filter 12. By setting appropriate filtering conditions, the number of random numbers that meet the filtering conditions is controlled to be less than 1% of the number of random numbers generated by the connected random number generator 11. An initial pulse signal is generated after each random number that meets the filtering conditions is filtered out. For example, an appropriate threshold can be set to filter out random numbers that are greater than the threshold, so that the number of random numbers greater than the threshold is less than 1% of the number of random numbers generated by the random number generator 11. An initial pulse signal is generated after determining that a random number generated by a random number generator 11 is greater than the threshold.

[0077] It should be noted that, each time the pulse generating circuit 10 selects a random number from the generated multiple random numbers, it generates an initial pulse signal. Therefore, the pulse generating circuit 10 can generate at least one initial pulse signal.

[0078] The pulse output circuit 20 in the embodiment of the present application can process the initial pulse signal generated by the pulse generation circuit 10 to obtain a target pulse signal, which also conforms to the Poisson distribution. For example, the pulse output circuit 20 can perform denoising, smoothing filtering, and other processing on the initial pulse signal to remove noise from the initial pulse signal, making the waveform of the initial pulse signal smoother, thereby improving the waveform quality of the initial pulse signal.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the pulse output circuit 20 may further integrate at least one initial pulse signal, generating at least one initial pulse signal within a time period into a single pulse signal, namely, a target pulse signal. This target pulse signal may represent the probability distribution of the probability of occurrence of a kernel event within the time period, and the target pulse signal may also conform to a Poisson distribution.

[0080] The embodiment of the present application provides a random pulse signal generator, which includes a pulse generation circuit 10 and a pulse output circuit 20; the pulse generation circuit 10 includes multiple random number generators 11 and multiple random number filters 12; the random number generator 11 is used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; the random number filter 12 is used to filter and process the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of nuclear event occurrence, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated; the pulse output circuit 20 is used to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to a binomial distribution that approximates a Poisson distribution. It can be seen that the random pulse signal generator provided by the present application can simulate the output of a pulse-type neutron detector, that is, simulate a nuclear experiment, and generate a target pulse signal corresponding to a nuclear event based on the probability of nuclear event occurrence in the nuclear experiment and all nuclear experiments. Experimenters can analyze and study the nuclear signal source through the target pulse signal generated by the random pulse signal generator, avoiding long-term exposure of the experimenter to the nuclear signal source, thereby avoiding radiation dose damage caused by the nuclear signal source to the experimenter. Furthermore, the simulation of the output of the pulsed neutron detector is realized, which saves manpower, material resources and financial resources consumed in the nuclear test process and saves a lot of resources.

[0081] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, in order to realize the function of the random number filter 12, the random number filter 12 may include a comparator 121 and a trigger 122; the comparator 121 is used to filter the random number generated by the random number generator 11 corresponding to the random number filter 12 according to the probability of the nuclear event; the trigger 122 is used to generate an initial pulse signal when the random number meets the filtering conditions.

[0082] The comparator 121 can compare the random number generated by the random number generator 11 connected thereto with a threshold value, output a high level or a low level according to the comparison result (or output two numerical values, 0 or 1, according to the comparison result), and control the probability of the random number meeting the screening condition to be less than 1% through the threshold value. For example, if the random number is greater than the threshold value, the comparator 121 determines that the random number meets the screening condition and outputs a high level; if the random number is less than the threshold value, the comparator 121 outputs a low level. If the random number has a numerical range of 1-1000, the comparator 121 can set the threshold value to 10, and if the random number is less than 10, a high level is output; the threshold value can also be set to 990, and if the random number is greater than 990, a high level is output; the threshold value can also be set to 500 and 510, and if the random number is greater than or equal to 500 and less than 510, a high level is output.

[0083] The trigger 122 is used to generate an initial pulse signal according to the output of the comparator 121. For example, if the output of the comparator 121 is a high level indicating that the random number meets the screening condition, the trigger 122 generates an initial pulse signal when receiving the high level.

[0084] In this embodiment of the present application, random number filter 12 is divided into two parts: comparator 121 and trigger 122. Comparator 121 filters random numbers, and trigger 122 generates an initial pulse signal, thereby simulating the occurrence of a nuclear event. This allows researchers to analyze and study the nuclear signal source based on the simulation results, avoiding prolonged exposure to the nuclear signal source and thus radiation dose damage to the experimenters. Furthermore, simulating the output of a pulsed neutron detector saves manpower, material resources, and financial resources consumed during nuclear testing, thus saving a significant amount of resources.

[0085] In one embodiment, the random number generator 11 in the pulse generation circuit 10 may be a co-located parallel linear feedback shift register (LFSR). The co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is expressed as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Wherein, j represents the number of bits of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; s represents the number of bits of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; R(i) represents the value of the i-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment; Rp(is) represents the value of the (is)-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment; Rp(j+1-i)+Rp(j-1-i) represents the value after the exclusive-OR operation of the value of the (j+1-i)-th bit and the value of the (j-1-i)-th bit of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment; R( R(i)=Rp(is), i=[s+1,j] indicates that the value of the first s bits of the binary random number output by the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment is the value obtained by performing an exclusive-OR operation on the value of the (j+1-i)th bit and the value of the (j-1-i)th bit of the binary random number output by the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment; R(i)=Rp(is), i=[s+1,j] indicates that the value after the sth bit of the binary random number output by the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment is the value of the (is)th bit of the binary random number output by the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment.

[0088] For example, Figure 3As shown in the figure, if the number of bits of the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is 93 and the number of bits of the binary random number output by the co-located parallel linear feedback shift register is 32, then

[0089]

[0090] That is, the values ​​of bits 33 through 93 of the 93-bit co-located parallel LFSR at the current moment are the values ​​of bits 1 through 61 at the previous moment, respectively; and the values ​​of bits 1 through 32 of the 93-bit co-located parallel LFSR at the current moment are the exclusive OR of the values ​​of bits 62 through 93 at the previous moment, respectively. For example, the value of bit 1 of the 93-bit co-located parallel LFSR at the current moment is the exclusive OR of the values ​​of bits 91 and 93 at the previous moment; the value of bit 2 is the exclusive OR of the values ​​of bits 90 and 92 at the previous moment; and the value of bit 32 is the exclusive OR of the values ​​of bits 60 and 62 at the previous moment. That is, if the value of bit 91 of the 93-bit co-located parallel LFSR at the previous moment is 0 and the value of bit 93 is 1, then the value 1 obtained by exclusive ORing 0 and 1 is the value of bit 1 at the current moment. The random number generated by the 93-bit co-located parallel LFSR is a binary number composed of the values ​​of the first 32 bits at the current moment, where REG1 represents the first bit of the co-located parallel LFSR.

[0091] Convert the above formula (4) into the matrix form shown in the following formula (6):

[0092]

[0093] Then the expression of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register is as follows:

[0094] R=T*Rp (7)

[0095] Where R represents the output of the co-located parallel LFSR at the current moment; T represents the transfer matrix of the co-located parallel LFSR; and Rp represents the output of the co-located parallel LFSR at the previous moment.

[0096] Since the random numbers generated by the same-position parallel LFSR are greatly affected by the initial value, the random numbers generated by multiple same-position parallel LFSRs are not independent of each other. Therefore, in order to ensure the independence of the random numbers generated by different same-position parallel LFSRs, the following formula (8) can be used to determine the random numbers generated by different same-position parallel LFSRs:

[0097] R m =T m *Rp m (8)

[0098] Among them, R mrepresents the output of the mth co-located parallel LFSR at the current moment; T m Rp represents the transfer matrix of the mth co-located parallel LFSR; m Represents the output of the mth co-located parallel LFSR at the previous moment.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown in the above formula (8), the random number calculated is equivalent to sampling the random number generated by the first co-located parallel LFSR at equal intervals. When m is 1, the random number output by the first co-located parallel LFSR is Figure 5 The random number corresponding to the “*” on the broken line representing “1 shift sampling”; when m is 5, the random number output by the fifth co-located parallel LFSR is Figure 5 The random number corresponding to the "circle" on the broken line representing "5 shift samplings" is equivalent to sampling the random number output by the first co-located parallel LFSR with an interval of 5; when m is 10, the random number output by the 10th co-located parallel LFSR is Figure 5 The random number corresponding to the "inverted triangle" on the broken line representing "10 shift samplings" is equivalent to sampling the random number output by the first co-located parallel co-located parallel LFSR with an interval of 10.

[0100] In the embodiment of the present application, a same-position parallel LFSR is used as the random number generator 11, and the random numbers generated by different LFSRs are made independent of each other through formula (8), thereby improving the independence of nuclear experiments based on random number simulation and improving the simulation accuracy of nuclear events.

[0101] In one embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, Figure 1 The pulse output circuit 20 in the random pulse signal generator may include a delay circuit 21 and an accumulation circuit 22 connected to each other; the delay circuit 21 is used to delay at least one initial pulse signal so that at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit 22 according to a preset time; the accumulation circuit 22 is used to perform time domain accumulation processing according to the time when at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit 22 to obtain a target pulse signal.

[0102] like Figure 6As shown, the signal pulse generator can generate a clock signal. When the signal pulse generator generates the clock signal, multiple random number generators 11 in the pulse generation circuit 10 simultaneously generate a random number. Here, Δt is the period of the clock signal, that is, the time interval between two consecutive random numbers generated by the same random number generator 11. If the number of random number generators 11 in the pulse generation circuit 10 is a, then the number of random numbers generated by the pulse generation circuit 10 in one clock cycle is a. However, within one clock cycle, the generation time of a random numbers is the same, so that the time of at least one initial pulse signal generated by the subsequent random number filter 12 based on the simultaneously generated random numbers is the same.

[0103] Therefore, after a random number is generated, the delay circuit 21 can perform delay processing on the a random numbers, divide Δt into a time interval, and divide the a random numbers into a time interval respectively. Among them, the moments corresponding to the a time intervals are t1, t2, t3, ..., tb, ..., ta. The a random numbers are divided according to the time interval so that at least one initial pulse signal corresponding to the random number that meets the screening conditions among the a random numbers can reach the accumulation circuit 22 at the preset time corresponding to the time interval (that is, the moment corresponding to the time interval). That is, if the preset time for the initial pulse signal corresponding to the first random number among the a random numbers to reach the accumulation circuit 22 is t1, then the preset time for the initial pulse signal corresponding to the bth random number to reach the accumulation circuit 22 is tb. Among them, CLK is a clock signal; wherein, the calculation of the preset time corresponding to a different time intervals within Δt is shown in the following formula (9):

[0104] tb=t1+(b-1)*Δt / a (9)

[0105] In one possible implementation, Figure 7 As shown, the delay circuit 21 may include multiple transmission conductors 211; the multiple transmission conductors 211 have different lengths, so that at least one initial pulse signal reaches the accumulation circuit 22 according to a preset time. Because the transmission rate of the signals in the transmission conductors 211 is the same, the lengths of the transmission conductors 211 corresponding to different random numbers can be calculated based on the preset time for the initial pulse signals corresponding to different random numbers in the a random numbers to reach the accumulation circuit 22, as well as the transmission rate of the signals in the transmission conductors 211. This ensures that at least one initial pulse signal can reach the accumulation circuit 22 according to the preset time through the transmission conductors 211 of different lengths.

[0106] After the delay circuit 21 performs delay processing on the a random numbers, the accumulation circuit 22 can perform time-domain accumulation processing on the initial pulse signals corresponding to the random numbers that meet the screening criteria among the a random numbers after the delay processing, and integrate at least one initial pulse signal into a pulse signal, namely, the target pulse signal. In other words, at least one initial pulse signal generated by the a random number generators 11 in the pulse generation circuit 10 within Δt is accumulated to form a target pulse signal.

[0107] In this embodiment of the present application, a clock cycle can be divided into multiple time intervals. By dividing the random numbers into different time intervals, at least one initial pulse signal corresponding to a random number that meets the screening criteria can reach the accumulation circuit 22 at a preset time corresponding to the time interval. At the same time, the division of the time intervals further reduces the time interval for generating random numbers, thereby increasing the simulation frequency of nuclear experiments.

[0108] In one embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the pulse output circuit 20 may further include a plurality of loads 23 ; the loads 23 are connected between the pulse generating circuit 10 and the delay circuit 21 ; the loads 23 are used to match the impedance of the loads 23 with the impedance of the transmission conductor 211 .

[0109] After the random number filter 12 in the pulse generation circuit 10 selects a random number that meets the screening criteria and generates an initial pulse signal, the initial pulse signal can be transmitted to the delay circuit 21 via the load 23 connected to the random number filter 12. The load 23 connected to the random number filter 12 can match the impedance of the load 23 with the impedance of the transmission conductor 211, thereby adjusting the power of the load 23 and suppressing reflections of the high-frequency initial pulse signal.

[0110] In one embodiment, the pulse output circuit 20 may further include a voltage divider circuit 24 and a buffer circuit 25; the voltage divider circuit 24 is used to perform voltage division processing on at least one initial pulse signal to reduce the amplitude of at least one initial pulse signal; the buffer circuit 25 is connected between the accumulator circuit 22 and the pulse signal output end, and is used to smooth the target pulse signal to remove noise in the target pulse signal.

[0111] The voltage divider circuit 24 can be connected between the load 23 and the delay circuit 21, or between the delay circuit 21 and the accumulator circuit 22. That is, the voltage divider circuit 24 and the delay circuit 21 can be interchanged in the pulse output circuit 20. The voltage divider circuit 24 is configured to divide the voltage of at least one initial pulse signal to reduce the amplitude of the at least one initial pulse signal, thereby preventing the amplitude of the target pulse signal obtained by the accumulator circuit 22 from being excessively large after accumulating the at least one initial pulse signal.

[0112] The buffer circuit 25 is connected between the accumulating circuit 22 and the pulse signal output terminal, and is used for smoothing the target pulse signal to remove noise in the target pulse signal.

[0113] In a possible implementation, if the voltage divider circuit 24 is connected between the delay circuit 21 and the accumulator circuit 22, the circuit diagram of the voltage divider circuit 24, the accumulator circuit 22 and the buffer circuit 25 in the pulse output circuit 20 can be as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0114] The voltage divider circuit 24 can be a T-type network comprising a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the delay circuit 21, and the other end is connected to the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, respectively. The other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the accumulator circuit 22. The other end of the third resistor R3 is grounded. The resistors in the voltage divider circuit 24 can be selected with a 5% precision, thereby providing a certain degree of randomness in the attenuation factor of the voltage divider circuit.

[0115] The accumulator circuit 22 includes a first capacitor C1, a fourth resistor R4, and a first operational amplifier U1; the first capacitor C1, the fourth resistor R4, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 are connected to the other end of the second resistor R2; the other ends of the first capacitor C1 and the fourth resistor R4 are connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1; and the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is grounded.

[0116] The buffer circuit 25 includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a second operational amplifier U2 and a common-mode choke T; one end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier; the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to one end of the second capacitor C2; the third capacitor C3, the sixth resistor R6 and the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2 are connected; the other end of the third capacitor C3 and the sixth resistor R6 are connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier U2; the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier U2 is grounded; one end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the output end of the second operational amplifier U2, and the other end is connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7; the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to one input end of the common-mode choke T, the other input end of the common-mode choke T is grounded, and one output end of the common-mode choke T is connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8. The second operational amplifier U2 in the buffer circuit 25 can perform pulse shaping and impedance conversion, the seventh resistor R7 can be used for voltage and charge conversion, and the common-mode choke T can eliminate common-mode noise.

[0117] In one possible implementation, the pulse output circuit 20 may further include a plurality of magnetic beads 26. One end of each magnetic bead 26 is connected to the other end of the second resistor R2 of the voltage divider, and the other end of each magnetic bead 26 is connected to the inverting input of the first operational amplifier U1 of the adder. The magnetic beads 26 can be used for impedance matching and high-frequency noise suppression. Here, FB is a magnetic bead.

[0118] In one embodiment, Figure 10 As shown, a pulse signal generation method is provided, which is applied to Figure 1 The random pulse signal generator shown in the figure is used as an example to illustrate the following steps:

[0119] S1001, simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0120] S1002: screening the random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number screener according to the probability of the nuclear event, and generating an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the screening condition;

[0121] S1003. Process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to a binomial distribution that approximates a Poisson distribution.

[0122] In one embodiment, the pulse signal generation method specifically includes the following steps: Figure 11 Steps shown:

[0123] S1101, simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0124] S1102: Screening the generated random number according to the probability of a nuclear event. If the random number meets the screening criteria, generating an initial pulse signal to obtain at least one initial pulse signal.

[0125] S1103, performing delay processing on at least one initial pulse signal;

[0126] S1104, performing time domain accumulation processing on the at least one initial pulse signal after delay processing to obtain a target pulse signal;

[0127] S1105. Output target pulse signal.

[0128] The present embodiment provides a pulse signal generation method that can simulate a nuclear experiment and generate at least one initial pulse signal based on the probability of a nuclear experiment and a nuclear event. The at least one initial pulse signal is then processed to output a target pulse signal that conforms to a binomial distribution. The binomial distribution is a binomial distribution with a probability of a nuclear event less than 1%, which approximates a Poisson distribution. That is, the target pulse signal conforms to a Poisson distribution. As can be seen, the pulse signal generation method provided by the present application can simulate the output of a pulsed neutron detector, that is, simulate a nuclear experiment, and generate a target pulse signal corresponding to the nuclear event based on the probability of a nuclear event in the nuclear experiment and all nuclear experiments. Experimenters can analyze and study the nuclear signal source using the target pulse signal generated by the pulse signal generation method, avoiding prolonged exposure to the nuclear signal source and thus preventing radiation dose damage to the experimenter. Furthermore, simulating the output of a pulsed neutron detector saves manpower, material resources, and financial resources expended during nuclear testing, saving significant resources.

[0129] Based on the above embodiment, the shape of the random pulse signal generator in this application can be as follows: Figure 12 and Figure 13 The front of the random pulse signal generator can be set with power indicator light, fault indicator light, 10Hz target pulse signal indicator light, 10 2 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 3 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 4 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 5 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 6 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 7 Hz target pulse signal indicator, 10 8 Hz target pulse signal indicator, selection button and DB9 interface. The back of the random pulse signal generator can be set with pulse output interface, power switch and power socket.

[0130] Among them, the power indicator light is used to indicate whether the power of the random pulse signal generator is connected; the fault indicator light is used to indicate whether the random pulse signal generator has a fault; the target pulse signal indicator light is used to indicate the frequency of the target pulse signal required by the user; the selection button is used to select the frequency gear of the target pulse signal; the DB9 interface is used to communicate with the host computer, such as the computer equipment used by the user through the RS232 serial port to receive the frequency of the target pulse signal sent by the host computer (this frequency is a frequency other than the eight optional gear frequencies, such as 150Hz); the pulse output interface is used to output the target pulse signal;

[0131] The random pulse signal generator can be powered by an AC / DC power supply.

[0132] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above are displayed in sequence according to the instructions of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the various embodiments described above can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed and completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily to be carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of steps or stages in other steps.

[0133] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present application further provide a pulse signal generating device for implementing the aforementioned pulse signal generating method. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the aforementioned method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more of the pulse signal generating device embodiments provided below can be found in the aforementioned limitations on the pulse signal generating method and will not be further elaborated here.

[0134] In one embodiment, Figure 14 As shown, a pulse signal generating device is provided, comprising: a generating module and an output module, wherein:

[0135] A generation module 1401 is used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0136] The screening module 1402 is configured to screen the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number screener according to the probability of the nuclear event, and generate an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the screening conditions;

[0137] The output module 1403 is configured to process at least one initial pulse signal and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0138] Each module in the above-mentioned pulse signal generating device can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of a processor in a computer device in the form of hardware, or can be stored in a memory in the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0139] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided. The computer device may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 15As shown. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, a mobile cellular network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a pulse signal generation method is implemented. The display screen of the computer device can be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a button, trackball or touchpad provided on the computer device housing, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 15 The structure shown in the figure is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component arrangement.

[0141] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0142] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0143] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0144] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0145] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the following steps are implemented:

[0146] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0147] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0148] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0149] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following steps:

[0150] Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers;

[0151] The random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter is screened according to the probability of the nuclear event, and if the random number meets the screening conditions, an initial pulse signal is generated;

[0152] At least one initial pulse signal is processed to output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

[0153] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The database involved in the various embodiments provided herein may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchains. The processor involved in the various embodiments provided herein may be, but are not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic unit, a data processing logic unit based on quantum computing, and the like.

[0154] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0155] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A random pulse signal generator, characterized in that: The random pulse signal generator includes a pulse generating circuit and a pulse output circuit; the pulse generating circuit includes a plurality of random number generators and a plurality of random number filters; the pulse output circuit includes a delay circuit and an accumulation circuit connected to each other; the random number generators and the random number filters are connected in a one-to-one correspondence; The random number generator is used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; The random number filter is used to filter the random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number filter according to the probability of the nuclear event, and generate an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the filtering conditions; The delay circuit is used to perform delay processing on at least two of the initial pulse signals so that the at least two initial pulse signals arrive at the accumulating circuit according to a preset time; The accumulation circuit is used to perform time domain accumulation processing according to the time when at least two initial pulse signals arrive at the accumulation circuit to obtain a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

2. The random pulse signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that The random number filter includes a comparator and a trigger; The comparator is configured to perform screening processing on the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number screener according to the probability of occurrence of the nuclear event; The trigger is used to generate the initial pulse signal when the random number meets the screening condition.

3. The random pulse signal generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The random number generator adopts a co-located parallel linear feedback shift register; The expression of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register is as follows: Wherein, j represents the number of bits of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; s represents the number of bits of the binary random number output by the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; i represents the number of bits of the same-position parallel linear feedback shift register; The co-located parallel linear feedback shift register generates the random number according to the following formula: R m =T m Rp m Among them, R m represents the output of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the current moment; T m Rp represents the transfer matrix of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register; m Represents the output of the mth co-located parallel linear feedback shift register at the previous moment.

4. The random pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The delay circuit includes a plurality of transmission conductors; the lengths of the plurality of transmission conductors are different, so that at least two of the initial pulse signals arrive at the accumulation circuit according to the preset time.

5. The random pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pulse output circuit further includes a plurality of loads; the loads are connected between the pulse generating circuit and the delay circuit; The load is used to match the impedance of the load with the impedance of the transmission wire.

6. The random pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pulse output circuit further includes a voltage divider circuit; The voltage divider circuit is used to perform voltage division processing on at least two of the initial pulse signals to reduce the amplitudes of the at least two initial pulse signals.

7. The random pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pulse output circuit further includes a buffer circuit; the buffer circuit is connected between the accumulator circuit and the pulse signal output terminal; The buffer circuit is used to smooth the target pulse signal to remove noise in the target pulse signal.

8. A pulse signal generating method, characterized in that: Applied to the random pulse signal generator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprises: Simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; screening the random number generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number screener according to the probability of occurrence of the nuclear event, and generating an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the screening condition; performing delay processing on at least two of the initial pulse signals; Performing time domain accumulation processing on at least two of the initial pulse signals after delay processing to obtain a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

9. A pulse signal generating device, characterized in that: The device comprises: Generation module, used to simulate nuclear experiments and generate random numbers; a screening module, configured to screen the random numbers generated by the random number generator corresponding to the random number screener according to the probability of occurrence of a nuclear event, and generate an initial pulse signal if the random number meets the screening conditions; The output module is used to perform delay processing on at least two of the initial pulse signals; perform time domain accumulation processing on the at least two initial pulse signals after delay processing to obtain and output a target pulse signal; the target pulse signal conforms to an approximate Poisson distribution.

10. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

11. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

12. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to claim 8 are implemented.

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