A wind farm unit arrangement method and microscopic site selection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for arranging units of a wind farm and a method for micro-site selection. The method for arranging units includes: there are two types of units in the wind farm, namely, the first type and the second type. There is a significant difference in the center height of the hubs of the two units, and the difference between the center height of the hubs of the second type and the center height of the hubs of the first type is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the impeller of the second type. The units of the wind farm are arranged in rows, and the units are arranged in rows in a direction perpendicular to the main wind direction. The two rows are approximately parallel, and the spacing between two adjacent units in each row is approximately equal. The first type of units and the second type of units are arranged alternately in each row, and the spacing between two adjacent units is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of units. The present invention uses the significant difference in the center height of the hubs of the two units to control the influence of the wake on the power generation and safety of the surrounding units, and realizes the increase of the installed capacity of the wind farm within a limited land area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a method for arranging units and a microscopic site selection method for a wind farm. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of the need to significantly increase wind power installed capacity, large-scale development of wind power faces huge challenges, one of which is the urgent shortage of land resources.

[0003] On the one hand, for developers, the use of large areas of land means a large amount of land acquisition expenses, which has a huge impact on the project's return rate; on the other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain land resources. Faced with double pressures, wind power development urgently needs to solve the problem of large land area.

[0004] Taking a wind farm on flat land as an example, in order to reduce the impact of wake turbulence and ensure power generation and final project benefits, the distance between adjacent units is as far as possible in conventional wind farm site selection, usually more than 3 to 5 times the diameter of the impeller. Although the increase in unit capacity has reduced the number of units in a wind farm of a certain capacity, the increasing impeller diameter accompanying the increase in capacity will also keep the land area occupied by the entire wind farm high. This general layout method is obviously impossible to continue to use. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for arranging units and a microscopic site selection method for a wind farm, so as to solve at least one technical problem in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objective, a first aspect provides a method for arranging units in a wind farm, including: two hub center heights of units in the wind farm, a first hub center height and a second hub center height.

[0007] The first type of unit has the first type of hub center height. The second type of unit has the second type of hub center height.

[0008] The center height of the second hub is greater than the center height of the first hub, and the difference between the center height of the second hub and the center height of the first hub is greater than or equal to half of the diameter of the impeller of the second unit.

[0009] The first type of units are arranged in rows, with units arranged in a direction perpendicular to the main wind direction, with two rows approximately parallel, and the distance between two adjacent first type of units in each row approximately equal.

[0010] In each row, the first type of units and the second type of units are arranged alternately.

[0011] In a further technical solution, the distance between two adjacent units in each row is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the diameter of the impeller of the second type of unit is less than or equal to 1.2 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit.

[0013] In a further technical solution, for two first type units or two second type units located in adjacent rows, the angle between the line connecting their arrangement positions and the main wind direction is not 0.

[0014] In a second aspect, a microscopic site selection method for a wind farm is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Obtain the constraints of the wind farm.

[0016] The constraints of the wind farm include: wind direction distribution of the wind farm, available land boundary of the wind farm, the first hub center height, the first unit number, the first unit impeller diameter, the first unit power curve, the first unit thrust curve, the second hub center height, the second unit number, the second unit impeller diameter, the second unit power curve, and the second unit thrust curve.

[0017] S2. Arrange all units in rows according to the constraints, and arrange the first type of units and the second type of units in each row alternately.

[0018] S3. Generate multiple candidate solutions according to the following three conditions: 1) The spacing between two rows is 9 to 11 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit; 2) The spacing between adjacent units is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit; 3) The spacing adjustment step is 10 meters.

[0019] S4. Calculate the wind energy resources and wind farm power generation of each candidate wind farm according to the unit layout and constraints.

[0020] S5. Select the best solution with the goal of maximizing the power generation of the wind farm.

[0021] S6. Evaluate the load levels of the two units in the optimal solution based on wind energy resources.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: abandoning the conventional arrangement method of simply increasing the spacing in two dimensions, using the height difference caused by the increase in the center height of the hub of some units to control the impact of the wake, and realizing the increase of the installed capacity of the wind turbine within a limited land area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of two types of wind farm units according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of units in a wind farm according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for micro-site selection of wind farm units according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1-center height of the first hub, 2-center height of the second hub, 3-impeller diameter of the first unit, 4-impeller diameter of the second unit, 5-main wind direction, 6-first unit in the nth row, 7-second unit in the nth row, 8-second unit in the n+1th row, 9-first unit in the n+1th row, 10-spacing between adjacent units, 11-row spacing, 12-position line connecting two second units in adjacent rows.

[0027] It is worth noting that the above drawings are used to illustrate the features of the present invention, and are not intended to show any actual structure or reflect the size, relative proportion and other detailed information of various components. In order to more clearly show the principle of the present invention and to avoid unnecessary details that make the principle of the present invention unclear, the examples in the figures have been simplified. These illustrations will not cause inconvenience to technicians in the relevant fields in understanding the present invention, and the actual wind farm unit arrangement may include more components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the embodiment of the present invention is fully described below in conjunction with the relevant drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. This patent describes only a part of the embodiments, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for arranging units in a wind farm is characterized in that: there are two types of hub center heights of the units in the wind farm, a first type of hub center height 1 and a second type of hub center height 2, and the two hub center heights are different.

[0030] According to the different hub center heights, all the units in the wind farm are divided into two types: the first type of units have the first hub center height 1; the second type of units have the second hub center height 2;

[0031] In some embodiments, the second hub center height 2 is greater than the first hub center height 1. The difference between the second hub center height 2 and the first hub center height 1 is greater than or equal to half of the second unit impeller diameter 4 (i.e., the impeller radius). In other words, under this constraint, when any blade of the second unit hangs down naturally (at the 6 o'clock position), the height of the blade tip from the base is higher than the first hub center height 1.

[0032] The main wind direction of the wind farm is obtained based on the wind resource measurement in the early stage of the development of the wind power project. In general, the determination of the main wind direction can be obtained based on the wind direction frequency distribution (such as a wind rose diagram), and the wind direction with the highest wind direction frequency is the main wind direction. The main wind direction of some wind farms is very obvious and occurs very frequently, while that of some wind farms is not obvious. Whether the main wind direction is obvious does not affect the implementation of the present invention. After determining the main wind direction, the units of the wind farm are arranged in rows, and the units in the direction perpendicular to the main wind direction are arranged in rows, and the two rows are approximately parallel (note that in some embodiments, the rows in which the wind turbines are arranged may not be strictly straight lines). The arrangement of the units in each row is performed according to the alternating arrangement of the first type of units and the second type of units, and the distance between two adjacent units is approximately equal.

[0033] In conventional arrangement methods, since there is almost no difference in the center height of the hubs of two adjacent units in each row, the distance between the two units is generally 3 to 5 times the diameter of the unit's impeller. This spacing is mainly set to consider the impact of the increased turbulence intensity in the near wake of the unit on the safety of adjacent units in the same row (i.e., the impact of load). In one embodiment of the present invention, since there is a significant difference in the center height of the hubs of the two units, the distance between adjacent units can be shortened to half of the original, i.e., 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first unit.

[0034] The distance between two adjacent rows of units needs to consider the influence of wake on power generation in conventional methods. According to the restrictions of wind farm land planning, the distance between two adjacent rows is generally selected to be at least 5 times the diameter of the unit impeller, that is, another row of units is selected to be arranged in the far wake area. As the impeller diameter of modern horizontal axis units is getting larger and larger, the conventional arrangement method will choose about 10 times the impeller diameter as the spacing between two adjacent rows, that is, 9 to 11 times the impeller diameter. Considering that in one embodiment of the present invention, the impeller diameters of the two units can be the same or different, when the impeller diameters of the two units are different, it is necessary to limit the upper limit of the impeller diameter 4 of the second unit. The reason why the impeller diameter 4 of the second unit is limited only is that a higher hub center height can usually be configured with a larger impeller diameter 4. If the impeller diameter 3 of the first unit is smaller, the upper limit of the range should be selected when selecting the spacing, that is, 11 times the impeller diameter 3 of the first unit. This spacing must also meet a condition: if the second unit impeller diameter 4 is used to control the spacing (because other units will be arranged behind the second unit, and most likely the first unit), it must be at least greater than the lower limit of the selection range, that is, 9 times the second unit impeller diameter 4. Based on the above two constraints, it can be concluded that the second unit impeller diameter 4 is less than or equal to 1.2 times the first unit impeller diameter 3 (11 / 9≈1.2).

[0035] In one embodiment, for two first-type units or two second-type units located in adjacent rows, such as the first-type unit 6 in the nth row and the first-type unit 9 in the n+1th row, or the second-type unit 7 in the nth row and the first-type unit 8 in the n+1th row, the angle between the line 12 connecting the arrangement positions of the two second-type units and the main wind direction is not 0. The reason for this constraint is to use the height difference between the two units to reduce the influence of the wake on the units located in the downwind direction. If the angle between the line 12 connecting the arrangement positions of the two second-type units and the main wind direction is 0, the first-type unit 8 in the n+1th row will be completely located in the downwind direction of the second-type unit 7 in the nth row along the main wind direction 5, and the influence of the wake will be greater than the case where the angle is not 0.

[0036] See also Figure 3 A micro-site selection of a wind farm based on the above wind farm arrangement method includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Obtain the constraints of the wind farm, which include: wind direction distribution of the wind farm, available land boundary of the wind farm, first hub center height 1, first unit number, first unit impeller diameter 3, first unit power curve, first unit thrust curve, second hub center height 2, second unit number, second unit impeller diameter 4, second unit power curve, second unit thrust curve. In some embodiments, the above constraints can be obtained in documents such as the wind farm feasibility study report and the wind farm project bid.

[0038] S2. Find the main wind direction according to the constraint conditions, and arrange all the units in rows, so that each row is approximately perpendicular to the main wind direction. The first type of units and the second type of units in each row are arranged alternately.

[0039] S3. Based on the impeller diameters and hub center heights of the two candidate units, multiple candidate solutions are generated according to the following three conditions: 1) The spacing between the two rows is 9 to 11 times the impeller diameter 3 of the first unit; 2) The spacing between adjacent units is 1.5 to 2.5 times the impeller diameter 3 of the first unit; 3) The spacing adjustment step is 10 meters.

[0040] S4. Calculate the wind energy resources and wind farm power generation of each candidate wind farm according to the unit layout and constraints. In some embodiments, for wind farms in non-complex terrain, the wind resources of the wind farm can be calculated using a formula method using a mature wake model, or the relevant information can be input into professional software (such as WAsP or WindFarmer) for calculation.

[0041] S5. With the goal of maximizing the power generation of the wind farm, establish an objective function and select the best solution from multiple candidate solutions.

[0042] S6. Evaluate the load levels of the two candidate units based on the wind energy resources calculated in the optimal solution.

[0043] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for arranging units in a wind farm, characterized by: There are two types of hub center heights for turbines in wind farms, the first hub center height and the second hub center height; The first unit has the first hub center height; The second unit has the second hub center height; The center height of the second wheel hub is greater than the center height of the first wheel hub; The difference between the center height of the second hub and the center height of the first hub is greater than or equal to half the diameter of the impeller of the second unit; The wind farm units are arranged in rows, with the units arranged in a direction perpendicular to the main wind direction, with the two rows approximately parallel, and the distance between two adjacent units in each row approximately equal; In each row, the first type of units and the second type of units are arranged alternately.

2. The method for arranging wind farm units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent units in each row is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit.

3. The method for arranging wind farm units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the impeller of the second type of unit is less than or equal to 1.2 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit.

4. The method for arranging wind farm units according to claim 1, characterized in that: For two units of the first type or two units of the second type located in adjacent rows, the angle between the line connecting their arrangement positions and the main wind direction is not 0.

5. A microscopic site selection method for a wind farm, characterized in that The method is based on the wind farm unit arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the micro-site selection of the wind farm comprises the following steps: S1. Obtain the constraints of the wind farm. The constraints of the wind farm include: wind direction distribution of the wind farm, available land boundary of the wind farm, first hub center height, first unit number, first unit impeller diameter, first unit power curve, first unit thrust curve, second hub center height, second unit number, second unit impeller diameter, second unit power curve, second unit thrust curve; S2, arrange all units in rows according to the constraints, and arrange the first type of units and the second type of units in each row alternately; S3. Generate multiple candidate solutions according to the following three conditions: 1) The spacing between two rows is 9 to 11 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit; 2) The spacing between adjacent units is 1.5 to 2.5 times the diameter of the impeller of the first type of unit; 3) The spacing adjustment step is 10 meters; S4. Calculate the wind energy resources and wind farm power generation of each candidate wind farm according to the unit layout and constraint conditions; S5. Select the best solution with the goal of maximizing the power generation of the wind farm; S6. Evaluate the load levels of the two units in the optimal solution based on wind energy resources.

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