Method for accounting for carbon dioxide emissions of global steel industry based on steel plant level

Abstract

A kind of carbon dioxide emission accounting method based on steel plant level, comprising the following steps: basic data acquisition, including collecting steel plant data and steel industry data;Using downscaling means, match the production capacity data of each production unit of the steel plant and the steel industry data, to account for the annual activity level data of each steel plant;Using emission factor method, using carbon emission factor data and steel plant annual activity level data, obtain global steel plant carbon dioxide emission data based on process device, high precision.The method solves the problem of incomplete process equipment information in carbon emission assessment, improves the accuracy of steel industry carbon emission assessment data, effectively reduces the uncertainty of assessment results, improves the accuracy of steel industry carbon dioxide emission accounting and the reliability of estimation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a carbon emission accounting method, and more particularly to a carbon dioxide emission accounting method based on the steel plant level. Background Technology

[0002] The steel industry is a pillar of the national economy and one of the world's most energy-intensive industries, playing a crucial role in the energy economy and climate change. Currently, there are significant differences in steel production processes, industry development stages, and corresponding environmental impacts across different regions globally. However, current methods for calculating carbon dioxide emissions in the steel industry are mostly limited to the national level or a few hypothetical plants with specific processes. Given the spatial differences in steel production processes and development stages worldwide, these methods introduce considerable uncertainty, hindering their generalization and insufficient support for precise global carbon reduction efforts in the steel industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need for plant-level carbon dioxide emission accounting methods based on regional characteristics and the steel plant's production processes and age structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon dioxide emission accounting method based on the steel plant level, so as to address the shortcomings of existing global steel plant carbon dioxide emission accounting methods.

[0004] This invention provides a method for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the global steel industry at the steel plant level, characterized by the following steps:

[0005] Step S01: Basic data collection, including the collection of steel plant data and steel industry data; among which, steel plant data includes capacity data of each production unit of steel plants around the world, as well as geographical location data of steel plants; steel industry data includes annual output data, capacity data and carbon emission factor data of steel industries in various countries around the world by smelting process and by product.

[0006] Step S02: Using downscaling techniques, match the capacity data of each production unit of the steel plant with the steel industry data to calculate the annual activity level data of each steel plant.

[0007] Step S03: Using the emission factor method, the carbon emission factor data obtained in step S01 and the annual activity level data of steel plants obtained in step S02 are used to obtain high-precision global steel plant carbon dioxide emission data based on process units.

[0008] Furthermore, the steel plant data also includes data on coke fuel consumption in the steel industry of various countries.

[0009] Furthermore, the carbon emission factor data includes carbon emission factor data for each process and carbon emission factor data for fuel combustion.

[0010] Further, in step S01, after acquiring the steel plant data and steel industry data, the data is preprocessed according to the following steps:

[0011] (1) Remove duplicates and outliers;

[0012] (2) The obtained steel plant data is sorted and organized according to production units;

[0013] (3) Based on the obtained capacity and output data of steel industry in all countries of the world by smelting process and by product, the data of steel plants with missing capacity information are corrected or supplemented by means of downscaling or interpolation.

[0014] Furthermore, the annual activity level data of the steel plant specifically refers to the steel product output or coke fuel consumption of each production unit.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S02, using the annual output data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and allocating the output by country or region according to the capacity of each production unit of the steel plant, the steel product output of each production unit of each steel plant worldwide can be obtained:

[0016]

[0017] Where A represents the specific steel product output of each steel plant; c represents the specific capacity of the steel processing unit; i, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, country or region, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S02, using the fuel consumption data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and allocating it by country or region according to the production capacity of each production unit of the steel plant, the specific fuel consumption of metallurgical coke production units without their own coking plants worldwide can be obtained:

[0019]

[0020] Where F represents the specific fuel consumption of each steel plant; c represents the specific production capacity of the steel processing unit; i, j, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, country, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, for steel plants with their own coking units, and steel plants using other process flows:

[0022]

[0023] For steel mills without their own coking units:

[0024]

[0025] Furthermore, for steel plants with their own coking units, and for steel plants using other processes, the carbon emissions for each production unit of each steel plant are calculated as follows:

[0026]

[0027] in, Represents CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; p represents the specific non-energy-related CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t product) for steel processing products; i, p, and t represent the steel plant, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0028] For steel plants without their own coking units, the carbon emissions of each production unit other than the coking unit are calculated as follows:

[0029]

[0030] in, Represents CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; The non-energy-related CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t product) represents the specific CO2 emission factor of steel processing products; F j This represents the amount of coke consumed by each steel plant without its own coking unit. The specific CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t consumption) represents the fuel j consumed in steel production, where i, j, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0031] This invention presents a global steel industry carbon dioxide emission assessment method based on the steel plant level. It utilizes micro-level data on steel plant processes, operational characteristics, and geographical location, as well as macro-level data on steel industry product output, to form a multi-scale, refined global steel plant carbon emission database. This database enables the extraction of carbon dioxide emission data from global steel plants by process unit and age structure. Introducing a plant-level global steel plant carbon emission database into the field of carbon emission assessment solves the problem of incomplete process and equipment information in carbon emission assessment, improves the accuracy of carbon emission assessment data in the steel industry, effectively reduces the uncertainty of assessment results, and enhances the accuracy and reliability of carbon dioxide emission accounting and prediction in the steel industry. This provides data support for the country to achieve precise emission reduction and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the steel industry. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To gain a more complete understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the global steel industry carbon dioxide emission accounting method based on the steel plant level of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To clearly illustrate the purpose, technical details, and effective applications of this invention, and to facilitate understanding and implementation by those skilled in the art, a further detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0035] This invention provides a method for calculating carbon dioxide emissions from the global steel industry at the steel plant level, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step S01: Basic data collection, including collecting data from steel plants and the steel industry.

[0037] The steel mill data includes point-source data from steel mills worldwide, primarily comprising capacity data for each production unit of global steel mills, as well as geographical location data for steel mills.

[0038] The collection of activity level data for various production units in the steel plant was conducted using the Steelonthenet dataset (https: / / www.steelonthenet.com / ), supplemented by the Bloomberg dataset (https: / / www.bloomberg.com / markets). Using these datasets, the operating status, start-up time, decommissioning time, upgrade and renewal time, production unit process equipment and capacity data, and address information of steel plants worldwide were obtained.

[0039] Taking Rizhao Steel Plant as an example, its operating status is: in operation, decommissioning time: not decommissioned, starting service time: 2004, and upgrading time: not upgraded. Its key steel smelting production unit process equipment are: sintering unit, blast furnace ironmaking unit, and converter steelmaking unit; annual production capacities are 13.26 million tons, 12.93 million tons, and 17.54 million tons, respectively; its address is: No. 600, Coastal Road, Lanshan District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China.

[0040] The geographical location data of the steel plant was collected using OpenStreetMap and Baidu Maps. Based on the obtained address information of the steel plant, accurate geographical location data, such as longitude and latitude, was obtained from the corresponding map websites.

[0041] The steel industry data includes annual production data, capacity data, coke fuel consumption data, and carbon emission factor data for steel industries in various countries worldwide. For the annual production and capacity data, data on annual production and capacity by smelting process and product were obtained from the World Steel Association report; coke fuel consumption data for steel industries in various countries worldwide was obtained from IEA energy consumption data. For the carbon emission factor data, carbon emission factor data for each process in steel production was obtained from the IPCC. Using IPCC to obtain fuel combustion carbon emission factor data

[0042] After obtaining the steel plant data and steel industry data, the data needs to be preprocessed. The preprocessing is performed according to the following steps:

[0043] (1) Remove duplicates and outliers; generally, production unit data that is more than four times the standard deviation of its adjacent years is considered an outlier;

[0044] (2) The obtained steel plant data is sorted and organized according to production units for later reference;

[0045] The data collected in the early stage was categorized by steel plant. However, a steel plant may correspond to multiple production units. In this step, the data is grouped by production unit, such as blast furnace ironmaking unit, converter steelmaking unit, etc.

[0046] (3) Based on the obtained data on the capacity and output of steel industries in all countries around the world by smelting process and by product, the data of some steel plants with missing capacity information are corrected or supplemented by downscaling or interpolation.

[0047] For example, based on data from the steel industry, the capacity of China's converter steelmaking equipment was 825 million tons in 2019 and 830 million tons in 2018. The capacity of Rizhao Steel Plant's converter steelmaking equipment was 17.54 million tons in 2019. Based on this, it can be inferred that the capacity of Rizhao Steel Plant's converter steelmaking equipment was 17.64 million tons in 2018.

[0048] Step S02: Using a scaling-down method, match the capacity data of each production unit of the steel plant with the steel industry data to calculate the annual activity level data of each steel plant.

[0049] The activity level data for each production unit in a steel plant specifically refers to the steel product output or coke fuel consumption of each production unit. For example, the main source of carbon emissions from the coking production unit is the production of metallurgical coke; therefore, metallurgical coke output can be used to characterize the activity level of the coking production unit. Similarly, the main source of carbon emissions from the blast furnace ironmaking unit is the process of reducing iron ore with coke to produce pig iron; therefore, pig iron output can be used to characterize the activity level of the blast furnace ironmaking production unit. Referring to Table 1, the activity level data for various production units in global steel plants are summarized, including:

[0050] For coking production units, metallurgical coke production is used as the activity level data; for sintering production units, sintered ore production is used as the activity level data; for blast furnace ironmaking production units, pig iron production is used as the activity level data; for direct reduced iron (DRI) production units, DRI production is used as the activity level data; for converter steelmaking production units, converter crude steel production is used as the activity level data; for electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking production units, EAF crude steel production is used as the activity level data; and for open-hearth furnace steelmaking production units, open-hearth furnace crude steel production is used as the activity level data.

[0051] Table 1 Activity Level Data for Various Production Units in a Steel Plant

[0052] Production Unit Sources of carbon emissions Activity level data coking Metallurgical coke production Metallurgical coke production sintering Fossil fuel consumption from sintered ore production Sinter production Blast furnace ironmaking pig iron production pig iron production Direct reduced iron Direct reduced iron production Direct reduced iron production Converter steelmaking Converter steelmaking Converter crude steel output Electric arc furnace steelmaking Electric arc furnace steelmaking Electric arc furnace crude steel production Open-hearth steelmaking Open-hearth steelmaking Open-hearth furnace crude steel production

[0053] Steelmaking in steel plants primarily uses coke as its energy source. For units without their own coking plants, fuel consumption data for metallurgical coke production can be used to characterize the activity level of the coking production unit. Referring to Table 2, fuel consumption data can be used as activity level data for metallurgical coke production units without their own coking plants.

[0054] Table 2. Data on fuel consumption activity levels in steel plants without self-owned coking units.

[0055] Production Unit Sources of carbon emissions Activity level data coking Metallurgical coke combustion Coke fuel consumption

[0056] Using the annual output data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and using the geographical location data of each steel plant obtained in step S01, the output of steel products of each production unit of each steel plant is allocated by country or region according to the capacity of each production unit of the steel plant. The specific calculation method is shown in formula (1), which can obtain the steel product output of each production unit of each steel plant in the world.

[0057]

[0058] Where A represents the specific steel product output of each steel plant; c represents the specific installed capacity (production capacity) of the steel processing unit; i, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, country or region, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0059] Using the fuel consumption data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and using the geographical location data of each steel plant obtained in step S01, the data is allocated according to the production capacity of each production unit of the steel plant, with each country or region as the unit. The specific calculation method is shown in formula (2), which can obtain the specific fuel consumption of each metallurgical coke production unit in the world without its own coking plant.

[0060]

[0061] Where F represents the specific fuel consumption of each steel plant; c represents the specific installed capacity (production capacity) of the steel processing unit; i, j, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, country, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0062] Step S03: Using the emission factor method, the carbon emission factor data of different processes obtained in step S01 and the annual activity level data of steel plants obtained in step S02 are used to obtain high-precision global steel plant carbon dioxide emission data based on process units.

[0063] Because different steel plants have different steel smelting production processes, the calculation methods for carbon emissions corresponding to different smelting production processes are different. Specifically:

[0064] For steel mills without their own coking units:

[0065]

[0066] For steel plants with their own coking units, and steel plants using other processes:

[0067]

[0068] For steel plants without their own coking units, the carbon emissions of each production unit (i.e., sintering, ironmaking, and steelmaking production units, excluding coking units) are calculated as follows:

[0069]

[0070] in, Represents CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; The non-energy-related CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t product) represents the specific CO2 emission factor of steel processing products; F jThis represents the amount of coke consumed by each steel plant without its own coking unit. The specific CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t consumption) represents the fuel j consumed in steel production, where i, j, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0071] For steel plants with their own coking units, and steel plants using other processes, the carbon emissions for each production unit of each steel plant are calculated as follows:

[0072]

[0073] in, Represents CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; p represents the specific non-energy-related CO2 emission factor (t CO2 / t product) for steel processing products; i, p, and t represent the steel plant, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

[0074] Following the steps outlined above, we can calculate global steel plant carbon dioxide emissions based on process equipment with high precision and comprehensive coverage. Furthermore, based on global steel plant carbon dioxide emissions, we can extract characteristics such as emission intensity, spatial distribution, and age structure at different spatial scales (national, regional, and global), clarify the relationship between steel plant operating characteristics and their carbon dioxide emissions, and provide detailed information on global steel production capacity and related carbon dioxide emissions accurate to the plant level.

[0075] The carbon dioxide emissions at the factory level obtained using the calculation method described in this invention can be verified using nationally published data on energy consumption and emissions. Verification from multiple perspectives demonstrates that the carbon dioxide emissions calculated using this invention have high accuracy.

Claims

1. A method for accounting for carbon dioxide emissions of the global steel industry based on the level of steel plants, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Step S01: Basic data collection, including the collection of steel plant data and steel industry data; among which, steel plant data includes capacity data of each production unit of steel plants around the world, as well as geographical location data of steel plants; steel industry data includes annual output data, capacity data and carbon emission factor data of steel industries in various countries around the world by smelting process and by product. Step S02: Using downscaling techniques, match the capacity data of each production unit of the steel plant with the steel industry data to calculate the annual activity level data of each steel plant. Step S03: Using the emission factor method, the carbon emission factor data obtained in step S01 and the annual activity level data of steel plants obtained in step S02 are used to obtain high-precision global steel plant carbon dioxide emission data based on process units. For steel plants with their own coking units, and steel plants using other process flows: ； For steel plants with their own coking units, and steel plants using other processes, the carbon emissions for each production unit of each steel plant are calculated as follows: in, CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; Representative steel processing products p Specific non-energy-related CO2 emission factor, t CO2 / t product; i, p, and t represent the steel plant, product type, and calculation year, respectively. For steel mills without their own coking units: ； For steel plants without their own coking units, the carbon emissions of each production unit other than the coking unit are calculated as follows: in, CO2 emissions from a steel production unit; A p This represents the output of each production unit; Representative steel processing products p Specific non-energy-related CO2 emission factors, t CO2 / t product; F j This represents the amount of coke consumed by each steel plant without its own coking unit. The specific CO2 emission factor representing fuel j consumed in steel production is t CO2 / t consumption, where i, j, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The steel plant data also includes data on coke fuel consumption in the steel industry of various countries.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The carbon emission factor data includes carbon emission factor data for each process and carbon emission factor data for fuel combustion.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step S01, after obtaining the steel plant data and steel industry data, the data is preprocessed according to the following steps: (1) Remove duplicates and eliminate outliers; (2) Organize the obtained steel plant data according to production units; (3) Based on the obtained capacity and output data of steel industry in all countries of the world by smelting process and by product, the data of steel plants with missing capacity information are corrected or supplemented by the method of downscaling.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The annual activity level data for the steel plant specifically refers to the output of steel products or the consumption of coke fuel in each production unit.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step S02, using the annual output data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and allocating the output by country or region according to the capacity of each production unit of the steel plant, the steel product output of each production unit of each steel plant worldwide can be obtained: in, A This represents the specific steel product output of each steel mill. c This represents the specific production capacity of a steel processing unit; i, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, country or region, product type, and year of calculation, respectively.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein, In step S02, using the fuel consumption data of the steel industry as a benchmark, and allocating it by country or region according to the production capacity of each production unit of the steel plant, the specific fuel consumption of metallurgical coke production units without their own coking plants worldwide can be obtained: in, F This represents the specific fuel consumption of each steel plant. c This represents the specific production capacity of the steel processing unit; i, j, k, p, and t represent the steel plant, fuel type, country, product type, and calculation year, respectively.

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