Method of controlling spruce borer using push-pull strategy

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling spruce beetles by applying a push-pull strategy, and belongs to the technical field of using chemical information substances to repel pests. The method controls spruce beetles by combining spruce beetle attractants and spruce beetle repellents. The method for controlling spruce beetles by applying a push-pull strategy applied by the present invention combines spruce beetle attractants and spruce beetle repellents, which not only reduces the cost, but also improves the control effect, and is conducive to large-scale forest application. The present invention is environmentally friendly, safe for natural enemies and beneficial organisms, does not pollute the environment, meets the human desire for ecological safety, and meets the current "green" regulation and sustainable control goals for controlling forest pests. Moreover, such substances have the characteristics of wide sources, many types, relatively low prices, etc., and the technical operation is simple and fast, and the demand for labor is not large. Therefore, it has very high social, ecological and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of using chemical information substances to repel pests, and in particular relates to a method for controlling spruce borer beetles by applying a push-pull strategy. Background Art

[0002] The term "push-pull" was first proposed by Pyke, Rice, Sabine and Zaluki in Australia in 1987 as a pest management strategy. The "push-pull" strategy of pest management is a new tool for integrated pest management programs that combines a combination of behavioral change stimuli to control the distribution and number of pests and / or natural enemies. In this strategy, pests are driven away or prevented from contacting (pushing) with the main crop by using stimuli that mask the host's appearance or have repellent or deterrent effects. Using highly conspicuous and attractive stimuli, pests are simultaneously attracted (pulled) to other areas, such as traps or trap crops, where pests are concentrated to facilitate control. Based on the in-depth understanding of the interactions between plants, pests and natural enemies, the "push-pull" control measure formed by combining attracting plants (crops) with repellent plants or other chemical repellents has become an emerging harmless integrated pest management method and an important measure for pest ecological regulation. At present, the "push-pull" strategy has been widely used in the prevention and control of agricultural pests. For example, in Africa, Pennisetum and Sudan grass are used as trap plants to control grain borers, while molasses grass and money grass are used as repellent plants to drive away the ovipositing borers; for example, the control effect of different plant layouts (attraction treatment, repellent treatment, and attraction-repellent treatment) on the population of western flower thrips shows that different plant layout treatments in the field have a regulatory effect on the population dynamics of nymphs and adults of western flower thrips. The "push-pull" strategy has been widely used in the prevention and control of agricultural pests, but its application in the prevention and control of forestry pests is relatively rare.

[0003] The spruce beetle Ips typographus Linnaeus belongs to the order Coleoptera, the family Scolytidae, and the genus Ips. It is widely distributed in Eurasia and is considered to be the most destructive species in coniferous forests to date. It mainly harms mature and over-mature spruce forests. When the pest is serious, it can also directly damage healthy standing trees, causing huge economic and ecological losses to forestry production and forest ecological environment. In the past, the strategies for controlling spruce beetles mainly included: physical control (felling damaged trees, baiting trees, etc.), chemical control (drilling and injecting drugs, releasing smoke, etc.), natural enemy control (releasing and attracting parasitic or predatory natural enemies), and silvicultural measures (creating mixed forests, strengthening seedlings, etc.). With the rise and rapid development of chemical ecology and molecular technology, the use of pheromone attractants to monitor and control spruce beetles in the forest has become the preferred method for controlling spruce beetles due to its low cost, good effect, environmental friendliness, and many other advantages, such as reducing the pollution and damage to the environment caused by the use of chemical pesticides. Although the single application of attractants has reduced the population density of forest pests to a certain extent, the population density of spruce beetles can still cause the death of a large number of host plants in forest ecosystems that have been damaged all year round. Therefore, there are still some disadvantages in managing only from the perspective of large-scale trapping. Finding efficient, pollution-free and efficient population control technology is particularly important for protecting host plants. The use of a "push-pull" strategy for pest management is an effective technical means to achieve this goal, which will achieve twice the result with half the effort in pest control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design and provide a technical solution for the method of controlling spruce borer using a push-pull strategy.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a method for controlling spruce beetles by applying a push-pull strategy, wherein a spruce beetle attractant and a spruce beetle repellent are used in combination to control the spruce beetles.

[0007] Furthermore, spruce beetle repellents are used around host trees to repel pests and avoid damage to host plants. At the same time, spruce beetle attractants are used to lure and kill the beetles at the edge of the forest to prevent and control the pests.

[0008] Furthermore, the spruce beetle attractant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] 1.5-120 parts of cis-verbene alcohol

[0010] 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol 1.5-120 parts

[0011] α-pinene (+25 / -75) 1.5-120 parts

[0012] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 0.001-0.02 parts

[0013] 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 0.001-0.02 parts.

[0014] Furthermore, the spruce beetle repellent comprises the following components in parts by volume:

[0015] 1,8-Cineole 1-100 parts

[0016] 3-Carene 1-100 parts.

[0017] Further, the spruce beetle attractant comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0018] 10-60 parts of cis-verbene alcohol

[0019] 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol 10-60 parts

[0020] α-pinene (+25 / -75) 10-90 parts

[0021] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 0.01-0.02 parts

[0022] 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 0.01-0.02 parts.

[0023] Further, the spruce beetle repellent comprises the following components in parts by volume:

[0024] 1,8-cineole 5-50 parts

[0025] 3-Carene 5-50 parts.

[0026] The specific steps of the preparation process of the spruce beetle attractant core of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1) Preparation of sustained-release bottles: Soak polyethylene sustained-release bottles (purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) in ethanol for 5-10 days, rinse the attractant carrier with distilled water until there is no ethanol smell, dry it, and seal it in a bag for later use;

[0028] 2) Preparation of attractant: accurately weigh the effective ingredients in the formula in milligrams, then mix them by low-speed shaking on a homogenizer and set aside;

[0029] 3) The attractant prepared in step 2) is added dropwise to the attractant core carrier prepared in step 1), and then 50-300 μL / each attractant core is added dropwise to the attractant core carrier to prepare the spruce beetle attractant core.

[0030] The specific steps of the preparation process of the spruce beetle repellent of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] 1) Preparation of sustained-release bag: Soak the degradable sustained-release bag in ethanol for 1-3 days, rinse it with distilled water until there is no ethanol smell, and dry it for later use;

[0032] 2) Preparation of repellent: accurately weigh the active ingredients in the formula in milliliters and set aside;

[0033] 3) After adding a medium such as absorbent cotton or gauze into the sustained-release bag, the repellent prepared in step 2) is added dropwise to the attractant carrier prepared in step 1) to prepare the repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0034] The attractant for spruce beetles used in the present invention can be specifically referred to in a patent for an attractant for spruce beetles applied for by the inventor, with publication number CN105746511A and application number 201610183543.0.

[0035] The push-pull strategy used in the present invention to control the spruce beetle eight-toothed beetle attractant and spruce beetle eight-toothed beetle repellent are used in combination, which not only reduces the cost, but also improves the control effect, and is conducive to large-scale forest application. The present invention is environmentally friendly, safe for natural enemies and beneficial organisms, does not pollute the environment, meets the human desire for ecological security, and meets the current "green" regulation and sustainable control goals of controlling forest pests. Moreover, such substances have the characteristics of wide sources, many types, and relatively low prices, and the technical operation is simple and fast, and the demand for labor is not large. Therefore, it has very high social, ecological and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the amount of spruce eight-toothed borer adults trapped in each embodiment;

[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the combined use of attractants and repellents in the forest;

[0038] Figure 3 To compare the capture rate of attractants and repellents combined with that of attractants alone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described below with reference to the examples.

[0040] Example 1: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0041] Weigh 1 part of 1,8-cineole and 1 part of 3-carene, respectively put them into sustained-release bags filled with absorbent cotton, and thus prepare a repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0042] Example 2: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0043] Weigh 5 parts of 1,8-cineole and 5 parts of 3-carene, and put them into slow-release bags filled with absorbent cotton respectively, so as to prepare a repellent for adults of spruce beetles.

[0044] Example 3: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0045] Weigh 10 parts of 1,8-cineole and 10 parts of 3-carene, and put them into sustained-release bags filled with absorbent cotton respectively, so as to prepare a repellent for adults of spruce beetles.

[0046] Example 4: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0047] Weigh 100 parts of 1,8-cineole and 100 parts of 3-carene, and put them into slow-release bags filled with absorbent cotton respectively, so as to prepare a repellent for adults of spruce beetles.

[0048] Example 5: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0049] Weigh 10 parts of 1,8-cineole and 1 part of 3-carene, respectively put them into a sustained-release bag filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a spruce beetle adult repellent.

[0050] Example 6: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0051] Weigh 5 parts of 1,8-cineole and 1 part of 3-carene, respectively put them into sustained-release bags filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0052] Example 7: Preparation of a spruce beetle repellent (parts by volume)

[0053] Weigh 1 part of 1,8-cineole and 5 parts of 3-carene, respectively put them into sustained-release bags filled with absorbent cotton, and thus prepare a repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0054] Example 8: Preparation of spruce beetle attractant (parts by weight)

[0055] Weigh 1.5 parts of cis-verbenol, 1.5 parts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, 1.5 parts of α-pinene (+25 / -75), 0.001 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.001 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and mix them evenly on an oscillator to prepare a spruce beetle adult attractant.

[0056] Example 9: Preparation of spruce beetle attractant (parts by weight)

[0057] Weigh 10 parts of cis-verbenol, 10 parts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, 10 parts of α-pinene (+25 / -75), 0.01 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 0.01 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and mix them evenly on an oscillator to prepare an attractant for adult spruce beetles.

[0058] Example 10: Preparation of spruce beetle attractant (parts by weight)

[0059] Weigh 30 parts of cis-verbenol, 30 parts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, 90 parts of α-pinene (+25 / -75), 0.005 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.005 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and mix them evenly on an oscillator to prepare an attractant for adult spruce beetles.

[0060] Example 11: Preparation of spruce beetle attractant (parts by weight)

[0061] Weigh 60 parts of cis-verbenol, 60 parts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, 60 parts of α-pinene (+25 / -75), 0.02 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 0.02 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and mix them evenly on an oscillator to prepare an attractant for adult spruce beetles.

[0062] Example 12: Preparation of spruce beetle attractant (parts by weight)

[0063] Weigh 120 parts of cis-verbenol, 120 parts of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol, 100 parts of α-pinene (+25 / -75), 0.001 parts of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 0.001 parts of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and mix them evenly on an oscillator to prepare a spruce beetle adult attractant.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Weigh 1 portion of 1,8-cineole and put it into a sustained-release bag filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a repellent for adults of spruce beetles.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Weigh 5 parts of 3-carene and put it into a sustained-release bag filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a repellent for adults of spruce beetles.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] Weigh 4 grams of myrcene and put it into a sustained-release bag filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0070] Comparative Example 4

[0071] Weigh 4 grams of nonanal and put it into a sustained-release bag filled with absorbent cotton to prepare a repellent for adult spruce beetles.

[0072] Test Example 1: The spruce beetle repellents prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3, 5 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 were respectively suspended together with an attractant for spruce beetles (the spruce beetle attractant prepared in Example 11 was accurately weighed in milligrams) on the connecting rod of the funnel-shaped trap. Traps were hung in the 36th forest block of Jingouling Forest Farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau, with a trap spacing of 100m, and each treatment and repetition were randomly distributed therein. The trap was hung at a height of about 2m between two trees, and the lower hem of the trap was about 50cm from the ground. The hanging time was from mid-April to early August. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test.

[0073] From Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen from the survey data that the repellent of the present invention can significantly reduce the trapping effect of the attractant.

[0074] Table 1: The trapping effects of various embodiments of the Wangqing Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province in 2020

[0075] Different embodiments Trapping amount ± standard error Significance of difference Patented attractant formula 4611.4±660.17 a Comparative Example 2 4499.2±761.32 a Comparative Example 3 1874.8±446.56 b Comparative Example 4 1542.2±126.69 b Comparative Example 1 1528.8±67.3 b Example 1 356.8±156.71 c Example 2 297.2±50.41 c Example 3 171.8±21.73 c Example 5 285±71.85 c Blank control 0.4±0.24 c

[0076] Note: Different letters represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0077] Test example: Based on the advantages of push-pull technology such as environmental friendliness and sustainable control, combined with its effectiveness and non-toxic principle, two plots were selected in the 36th forest block of Jingouling Forest Farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau as control and test plots. The specific settings are as follows: Figure 2 The insects in the insect collecting bucket of the trap were collected once every 10 days, for a total of 10 times. The repellent of Example 3 and the attractant of Example 11 were used together.

[0078] The results of statistical analysis showed that the average number of traps captured by the combination of attractants and repellents was 3237.25±934.51, which was significantly higher than the control group using only attractants (2331.5±582.88). Figure 3 ). This push-pull technique of using attractants to lure and kill the beetles at the edge of the forest and repellents around the host trees to control the beetles effectively reduced the density of the beetles in the forest, and the trapping effect was significantly different from the control. The combination of repellents and attractants is suitable for the comprehensive control of beetles in areas with large outbreaks and complex terrain and topography. The "push-pull" technique of beetles is used to control the beetles' damage, achieving the dual functions of controlling the beetle population and protecting the host plants.

[0079] The push-pull strategy used in the present invention improves the trapping effect by 38.9% compared with the use of attractants alone, and there is a significant difference in the trapping amount. From the perspective of economic cost, the cost of the attractant is basically 40 yuan / piece, and the cost of the repellent is basically 10 yuan / piece, which saves 23% of the economic cost. If the push-pull strategy is applied on a large scale to control the spruce eight-toothed borer, the economic cost will be further reduced.

Claims

1. A method for controlling spruce borer using a push-pull strategy, characterized in that The spruce beetle is controlled by using a combination of spruce beetle attractant and spruce beetle repellent. The spruce beetle repellent is used around the host trees to drive away the pests and avoid damage to the host plants. At the same time, the spruce beetle attractant is used to lure and kill the beetles at the edge of the forest. The spruce beetle attractant is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 1.5-120 parts of cis-verbene alcohol 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol 1.5-120 parts α-pinene (+25 / -75) 1.5-120 parts 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 0.001-0.02 parts 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 0.001-0.02 part; The spruce beetle repellent is composed of the following components in parts by volume: 1,8-Cineole 1-100 parts 3-Carene 1-100 parts.

2. The method for controlling spruce borer using a push-pull strategy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The spruce beetle attractant is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of cis-verbene alcohol 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol 10-60 parts α-pinene (+25 / -75) 10-90 parts 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 0.01-0.02 parts 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 0.01-0.02 parts.

3. The method for controlling spruce beetle using a push-pull strategy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The spruce beetle repellent is composed of the following components in parts by volume: 1,8-cineole 5-50 parts 3-Carene 5-50 parts.

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