Split prefabricated building components and prefabricated houses

Abstract

The present invention provides a split prefabricated building component, comprising a web, a top, a bottom, and a plurality of side panels. The web and the side panels are prefabricated integrally to form a base, and the thickness of the web is less than the width of the side panels. The top and bottom panels are prefabricated separately and assembled at the top and bottom ends of the base, respectively. At least a portion of the top, bottom, and side panels are provided with connecting portions for connecting to other components. Also provided is an assembled house using the split prefabricated building component. In the present invention, the web and the side panels are prefabricated integrally to form a base, making the base easy to demold and prefabricate. The top and bottom panels are prefabricated separately and then assembled with the base, making prefabrication, transportation, storage, and installation very convenient, thereby effectively reducing construction difficulty. The top and bottom panels can adopt the same structure and can be interchangeable, thus facilitating standardized production and construction, significantly improving construction convenience and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction engineering, and specifically provides a split prefabricated building component and an assembled house using the split prefabricated building component. Background Art

[0002] Building walls are generally constructed by pouring reinforced concrete into a ring beam, and then laying blocks within the ring beam. This construction method has problems such as low construction efficiency, high construction costs, difficulty in standardizing operations, resulting in differentiated construction quality, and low cleanliness on the construction site. Currently, prefabricated construction is becoming increasingly widespread in the field of construction engineering. Chinese patent application CN202011610637.4 discloses an assembled wall panel that uses a prefabricated outer frame and lays blocks within the prefabricated outer frame. This solution has problems such as poor load-bearing capacity and low construction efficiency. Chinese patent application CN202121559074.0 discloses a new type of frame-type prefabricated component that also has a web in the outer frame. This can solve the problems of the above-mentioned patent application CN202011610637.4, but it also has problems such as complex prefabrication process and inconvenient demoulding. Although it provides a solution of "an outer frame including four separately prefabricated frame panels", this prefabricated component has problems such as low structural strength, poor service reliability, and insufficient load-bearing capacity due to the assembly of multiple components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a split prefabricated building component and an assembled house using the split prefabricated building component, which can at least solve some of the defects of the prior art.

[0004] The present invention provides a split prefabricated building component, comprising a web, a top plate, a bottom plate, and a plurality of side plates. The web and the side plates are prefabricated integrally to form a base, and the thickness of the web is smaller than the width of the side plates. The top plate and the bottom plate are prefabricated separately and assembled at the top and bottom ends of the base, respectively. At least part of the top plate, the bottom plate, and the side plates are provided with connecting portions for connecting to other components.

[0005] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate are both integrally formed plates, and each of the side plates is sandwiched between the top plate and the bottom plate.

[0006] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate are respectively embedded in the web grooves formed by the web plate and the side plates.

[0007] Preferably, the webs are respectively connected to the middle of each side panel, thereby forming a plurality of web grooves on the base; the top panel and the bottom panel both include a plurality of prefabricated sub-panels and the number of sub-panels is the same as the number of web grooves, and each sub-panel is embedded in each web groove one by one.

[0008] Preferably, the upper surface of the top plate is flush with the top end of the base, and the lower surface of the bottom plate is flush with the bottom end of the base.

[0009] Preferably, the top plate and the bottom plate are both block plates with square cross-sections;

[0010] Alternatively, the top plate and the bottom plate are both sheet plates, and a web connecting plate fitted and connected to the web plate and a side connecting plate fitted and connected to the corresponding side plates extend from corresponding side edges of the sheet plates.

[0011] Preferably, vertical stiffening ribs are further provided on the web, and the length direction of the vertical stiffening ribs is parallel to the length direction of the side plates.

[0012] Preferably, the connecting portion includes a bolt assembly hole opened on the corresponding plate body.

[0013] The present invention also provides an assembled house comprising a plurality of prefabricated wall panels and a plurality of prefabricated columns, wherein at least part of the prefabricated wall panels and / or at least part of the prefabricated columns are made of the split prefabricated building components described above.

[0014] Preferably, the prefabricated house is a multi-story house;

[0015] The upper structure is supported on the lower structure by a plurality of height-adjusting bolts. The top of the lower structure supports a plurality of floor decks. Concrete is poured on each of the floor decks to form a floor slab of a predetermined thickness, and cast-in-place concrete covers each of the height-adjusting bolts.

[0016] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the present invention, the web and each side plate are prefabricated as a base, the base is easy to demould and prefabricate, the top plate and the bottom plate are prefabricated separately and then assembled with the base, and the prefabrication, transportation, storage and installation are very convenient, thereby effectively reducing the difficulty of construction; the top plate and the bottom plate can adopt the same structure and can be replaced with each other, thereby facilitating standardized production and standardized construction, and there is no need to prefabricate, transport, store and install the top plate and the bottom plate separately, which significantly improves the convenience and efficiency of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1and Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the base structure of the wall panel component. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the base structure of the cross-shaped column component;

[0020] Figure 3 and Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a split prefabricated building component (top and bottom plates are integrally formed plates) provided in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein: Figure 3 The structural diagram of the wall panel components is shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a T-shaped column component;

[0021] Figure 5-Figure 11 A schematic structural diagram of a split prefabricated building component (the top plate and the bottom plate include multiple prefabricated sub-plates) provided in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a wall panel component without vertical stiffening ribs. Figure 6 The structural diagram of the wall panel component with vertical stiffening ribs is shown in Figure 2. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the sheet sub-plate of the L-shaped column component. Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the sheet sub-plate (with belly connecting plate and edge connecting plate) of the L-shaped column component. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the block sub-panel of the wall panel component. Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the block sub-plate of the cross-shaped column component;

[0022] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the upper structure, lower structure and floor slab provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified view of the local structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0025] like Figures 1-11An embodiment of the present invention provides a split prefabricated building component 1, comprising a web 12, a top 13, a bottom 14, and a plurality of side panels 11. The web 12 and the side panels 11 are integrally prefabricated to form a base 10, and the thickness of the web 12 is less than the width of the side panels 11. The top 13 and the bottom 14 are separately prefabricated and assembled at the top and bottom ends of the base 10, respectively. At least part of the top 13, the bottom 14, and the side panels 11 is provided with a connection portion for connecting to other components.

[0026] The side panels 11 are preferably reinforced concrete slabs to ensure the structural strength and pressure-bearing capacity of the base 10. The web 12 can be a plain concrete slab or a reinforced concrete slab. If the web 12 is a reinforced concrete slab, the steel bars in the web 12 can be overlapped with the steel bars in the side panels 11. In another embodiment, the side panels 11 can also be made of composite materials, preferably commercially available composite materials for construction. Furthermore, the web 12 can also be made of composite materials or plain concrete slabs.

[0027] The integral prefabrication of the web 12 and each side panel 11 can be carried out in a conventional prefabrication manner by designing a corresponding mold, which will not be described in detail here; the integral prefabrication of the web 12 and each side panel 11 can ensure the structural integrity of the building component 1 and obtain better structural strength and working performance.

[0028] As can be understood, the web 12 is perpendicularly connected to the side panels 11. That is, at the connection, the surface of the web 12 is perpendicular to the surface of the side panels 11. Similarly, the surface of the web 12 is perpendicular to the top panel 13, and the surface of the web 12 is perpendicular to the bottom panel 14. Furthermore, the surface of the top panel 13 is perpendicular to the surface of the side panels 11, and the surface of the bottom panel 14 is perpendicular to the surface of the side panels 11.

[0029] Since the thickness of the web 12 is smaller than the width of the side panels 11 (obviously, the width of the side panels 11 is perpendicular to the surface of the web 12), the web 12 and the side panels 11 can be surrounded to form a web groove, with the web 12 as the bottom and the side panels 11 as the walls. The number of web grooves may be one or more, specifically:

[0030] (1) If Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 The split prefabricated building component 1 can be a prefabricated wall panel component, and the side panels 11 generally consist of two. The web 12 can have one or two web grooves. When the web 12 is connected to one of the transverse ends of the side panels 11, that is, when the web 12 is connected to each side panel 11 to form an L-shaped structure, there is one web groove. When the web 12 is connected to the middle of the side panels 11, there are two web grooves.

[0031] (2) If Figure 2 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 7-Figure 9 The aforementioned split prefabricated building component 1 can be a prefabricated column component, and can be L-shaped, T-shaped, or cross-shaped. The number of side panels 11 is two, three, or four, respectively, and the web 12 is L-shaped, T-shaped, or cross-shaped, respectively. In this embodiment, the web 12 is preferably connected to the center of the side panels 11. Compared to connecting to the lateral ends of the side panels 11, this effectively improves the structural strength and load-bearing performance of the base 10 (this effect is obviously also applicable to the aforementioned prefabricated wall panel components). The number of web grooves is correspondingly two (L-shaped columns), three (T-shaped columns), and four (cross-shaped columns).

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 The top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are both integrally formed plates, and each of the side plates 11 is sandwiched between the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14. That is, the top end of each side plate 11 abuts the bottom surface of the top plate 13, and the bottom end of each side plate 11 abuts the top surface of the bottom plate 14. The top plate 13 can be fixedly connected to each side plate 11, and / or fixedly connected to the web 12. Preferably, each side plate 11 and web 12 are fixedly connected to the top plate 13; the bottom plate 14 is similarly designed. Alternatively, steel plates can be embedded at the top and bottom ends of each side plate 11 and the top and bottom ends of the web 12. Both the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are steel plates. Each side plate 11 and web 12 are welded to the top plate 13, and each side plate 11 and web 12 are welded to the bottom plate 14. This connection method is not limited to this; bolting is also an option.

[0033] In another embodiment, Figure 5-Figure 11 The top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are respectively embedded in the web grooves formed by the web plate 12 and the side plates 11. In the scheme in which a plurality of web grooves are formed on the base 10, preferably, as Figure 5-Figure 11The top plate 13 and bottom plate 14 each comprise multiple prefabricated sub-plates 15, the number of which equals the number of webs. Each sub-plate 15 is correspondingly mounted in each web. If the top plate 13 and bottom plate 14 are provided with connecting portions, each sub-plate 15 is preferably provided with a connecting portion. Preferably, the upper surface of the top plate 13 is flush with the top end of the base 10, and the lower surface of the bottom plate 14 is flush with the bottom end of the base 10. With this structure, the top plate 13 and base 10 can be coplanar and synergistically load-bearing, effectively improving the load-bearing performance and service reliability of the prefabricated building component 1. Furthermore, the installation position of the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 in the web is preferably adjustable. Accordingly, multiple connection points are provided on the base 10 (each arranged sequentially along the height of the web 12), allowing the installation position of the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 to be adjusted according to specific circumstances, thereby expanding the applicability of the above-described building component 1.

[0034] Alternatively, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 The top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are both block plates with square cross-sections; the block plates are preferably hollow plates, such as square steel tubes, which can reduce the weight of the components while ensuring structural strength and rigidity.

[0035] In another scheme, such as Figure 5-Figure 9 The top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are both made of sheet plates, which can also be installed by welding to the pre-buried steel plates embedded in the side plates 11 / web plates 12. Alternatively, a web connecting plate 151 that is in close contact with the web plates 12 and a side connecting plate 152 that is in close contact with the corresponding side plates 11 are extended from the corresponding side edges of the sheet plates. Based on this structure, while ensuring the structural strength and rigidity of the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14, the weight of the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 can be effectively reduced, and the connection operation (especially bolt connection) between the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 and the base 10 can be facilitated. At the same time, a corbel structure is formed between the sheet plate and the web connecting plate 151, and between the sheet plate and the side connecting plate 152, which can ensure the load-bearing capacity and stress-bearing performance of the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14.

[0036] For the solution where the top plate 13 and bottom plate 14 are separately embedded in the web groove, the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 and the corresponding plate body are preferably fixedly connected by bolts. Taking the top plate 13 as an example, the top plate 13 and the web 12 are preferably fixedly connected by multiple bolts, and the top plate 13 and each side plate 11 can be fixedly connected by at least one bolt. In the solution where the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 includes multiple sub-plates 15, taking the top plate 13 as an example, preferably, bolts are sequentially passed through one of the sub-plates 15, the web 12, and the other sub-plate 15 opposite, and then tightened with nuts. This allows the sub-plates 15 to be connected as a whole and to be subjected to coordinated force, while also facilitating bolt assembly operations and ensuring connection reliability. When the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 is a block plate, the two ends of the block plate are preferably closed ends, and the two ends of the block plate can be connected to the side plates 11 on the corresponding sides by self-tapping screws, or an operation window is opened on the block plate to facilitate the nut tightening operation; when the top plate 13 / bottom plate 14 is a sheet plate, there is sufficient operating space for the bolt assembly between the edge connecting plate 152 and the corresponding side plate 11.

[0037] It can be understood that based on the above structural design, the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 can adopt the same structure and can be replaced with each other, thus facilitating standardized production and standardized construction. There is no need to classify the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 for prefabrication, transportation, storage and installation, which significantly improves the construction convenience and efficiency.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, a shelf beam is installed in the above-mentioned groove to accommodate the crossbeam and serve as a transverse stiffener, further improving the structural strength and load-bearing performance of the above-mentioned building component 1. The shelf beam can use the same structural components and the same installation method as the top plate 13 (suffice it to provide corresponding bolt mounting holes on the base 10), and the installation position of the shelf beam is located below the top plate 13. It can be seen that the shelf beam can also use the same standard structural components as the top plate 13 and bottom plate 14, which further facilitates the standardized production and construction of the above-mentioned building component 1.

[0039] More preferably, Figure 6 The web 12 is also provided with vertical stiffening ribs 16, the length of which is parallel to the length of the side panels 11. The provision of vertical stiffening ribs can further enhance the structural strength and load-bearing capacity of the building component 1. Where the split prefabricated building component 1 is a prefabricated wall panel component, at least one vertical stiffening rib 16 may be provided based on the circumstances (e.g., the transverse length of the wall panel component, load-bearing requirements, etc.). Where there are two webs, vertical stiffening ribs 16 are preferably provided in both webs, with the surface of the vertical stiffening ribs 16 preferably being parallel to the surface of the side panels 11. Where the split prefabricated building component 1 is a prefabricated column component, the vertical stiffening ribs 16 may not be provided.

[0040] The presence of the aforementioned trough reduces the weight of the building component 1. In a preferred embodiment, the trough also serves as a space for insulation material, specifically, a thermal insulation layer within the trough, effectively improving the thermal insulation performance of the building component 1 and the associated building. This thermal insulation layer can be made of materials such as thermal insulation wool, foamed concrete, or building blocks. For example, if rock wool blocks are used, they can be bonded to the surface of the web 12. If foamed concrete is used, it can be sprayed into the trough using methods such as spraying. This thermal insulation layer can be applied during component prefabrication or at the construction site.

[0041] Further optimizing the above-mentioned building component 1, the above-mentioned connecting portion is used to connect with adjacent components to facilitate assembly construction; in one embodiment, as Figures 1-13 The connection portion includes bolt assembly holes formed on the corresponding plate body. The bolt assembly holes preferably extend through the web grooves to communicate with the webs. After two adjacent prefabricated components are aligned, bolts are passed through the bolt assembly holes of the two prefabricated components and then tightened with nuts to achieve an assembled connection between the two prefabricated components. The assembly structure is highly stable and reliable. The bolt assembly holes can be either bolt through holes or threaded holes. The use of a relatively thin web 12 allows for the aforementioned bolt assembly method and provides ample operating space, thereby improving assembly efficiency and effectiveness. Example 2

[0042] An embodiment of the present invention provides a prefabricated house comprising a plurality of prefabricated wall panels and a plurality of prefabricated columns, at least some of which utilize the split prefabricated building components 1 provided in the first embodiment. For example, a wall of the prefabricated house can be formed by assembling the prefabricated wall panels, with doors and windows reserved as needed.

[0043] Further preferably, the prefabricated house is a multi-story house; Figure 12 and Figure 13 The upper structure 21 is supported on the lower structure 22 by a plurality of height adjustment bolts 23. The top of the lower structure 22 supports a plurality of floor decks 3. Concrete is poured on each of the floor decks 3 to form a floor slab of a predetermined thickness, and the cast-in-situ concrete covers each of the height adjustment bolts 23. The upper structure 21 and the lower structure 22 can be upper and lower walls; the floor decks 3 are preferably steel truss floor decks 3, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13 , consolidation steel bars are reserved on the top of the floor decking slab 3 to improve the bonding between the cast-in-place concrete layer and the floor decking slab 3.

[0044] Among them, based on the structure provided in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the connecting parts on the top plate 13 and the bottom plate 14 are both bolt assembly holes, so the setting of the height adjustment bolt 23 is very convenient; the distance between the upper structure 21 and the lower structure 22 can be adjusted by screwing the height adjustment nut on the height adjustment bolt 23.

[0045] The spacing between the upper structure 21 and the lower structure 22 is preferably equal to the predetermined thickness of the floor slab. The floor deck 3 can be placed on top of the lower structure 22. Floor decks 3 are placed on either side of the lower structure 22, with a certain spacing between the two floor decks 3. This is due to the presence of height adjustment bolts 23 and also to facilitate the insertion of cast-in-place concrete into the spacing.

[0046] Based on this structure, cast-in-place concrete connects the upper structure 21, lower structure 22, and floor deck 3 into a single entity, significantly improving the structural integrity and synergistic load-bearing properties between the upper and lower structures 21, 22, and the floor slab, thereby enhancing the structural safety and service life of the prefabricated house. Furthermore, formwork support is eliminated, requiring only the installation of the upper formwork, facilitating on-site construction. Furthermore, the connection and spacing between the upper and lower structures 22 can be adjusted by heightening bolts 23, making operation easy and improving construction efficiency.

[0047] Based on the split prefabricated building component 1 provided in the first embodiment, different forms of top plates 13 and bottom plates 14 can be configured as needed. For example, when the above-mentioned cast-in-place concrete is used to connect the upper structure 21, the lower structure 22, and the floor slab, the top of the top plate 13 of the lower structure 22 and / or the bottom of the bottom plate 14 of the upper structure 21 can be provided with engaging protrusions or studs to improve the bonding strength between the building component 1 and the cast-in-place concrete.

[0048] Based on the split prefabricated building components 1 provided in the first embodiment above, particularly the solution in which the top plate 13 and bottom plate 14 are respectively embedded in the groove, the bottom plate 14 of the building component 1 in the upper structure 21 can be positioned above the bottom end of the corresponding base 10. In this way, when concrete is poured in situ, the concrete also partially enters the groove of the upper structure 21 (corresponding casting formwork can be provided), which can further improve the structural integrity and synergistic force between the upper structure 21 and the floor slab. In addition, the cast-in-situ concrete layer can also limit and constrain the building components 1 in the upper structure 21, further improving the structural safety of the prefabricated house. And / or the top plate 13 of the building component 1 of the lower structure 22 can be positioned below the top end of the corresponding base 10, and a tenon is provided at the bottom of the floor deck 3. When the floor deck 3 is placed on the lower structure 22, its tenon is correspondingly mortised into the groove of the lower building component 1, which can further improve the structural integrity and synergistic force between the lower structure 22 and the floor slab.

[0049] Based on the split prefabricated building component 1 provided in the first embodiment, optionally, the bottom plate 14 of the building component 1 in the superstructure 21 can be embedded in its belly groove, and the bottom plate 14 can be a block plate with a plurality of through holes formed on the bottom surface of the block plate. In this way, when pouring concrete in situ, the concrete can partially enter the bottom plate 14 of the building component 1 of the superstructure 21, thereby further improving the structural integrity and coordinated force-bearing properties between the superstructure 21 and the floor slab.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A split prefabricated building component, characterized in that: The invention comprises a web, a top, a bottom and a plurality of side panels, wherein the web and the side panels are integrally prefabricated to form a base body, and the thickness of the web is smaller than the width of the side panels; the top and bottom panels are separately prefabricated and respectively assembled at the top and bottom ends of the base body; at least part of the top, bottom and side panels is provided with a connecting portion for connecting to other components, and the connecting portion includes a bolt assembly hole opened on the corresponding panel body; The top plate and the bottom plate are respectively embedded in the web grooves formed by the web plate and the side plates; The webs are connected to the middle of the side panels, respectively, to form a plurality of web grooves on the base. The top panel and the bottom panel each comprise a plurality of prefabricated sub-panels, the number of which is the same as the number of web grooves, and the sub-panels are respectively embedded in the web grooves. The upper surface of the top plate is flush with the top end of the base, and the lower surface of the bottom plate is flush with the bottom end of the base.

2. The split prefabricated building element according to claim 1, wherein: The top plate and the bottom plate are both block plates with square cross sections; Alternatively, the top plate and the bottom plate are both sheet plates, and a web connecting plate fitted and connected to the web plate and a side connecting plate fitted and connected to the corresponding side plates extend from corresponding side edges of the sheet plates.

3. The split prefabricated building element according to claim 1, wherein: The web is further provided with vertical stiffening ribs, and the length direction of the vertical stiffening ribs is parallel to the length direction of the side plates.

4. A prefabricated house comprising a plurality of prefabricated wall panels and a plurality of prefabricated columns, characterized in that: At least part of the prefabricated wall panels and / or at least part of the prefabricated columns are made of the split prefabricated building components according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The prefabricated house according to claim 4, characterized in that: It is a multi-story house; The upper structure is supported on the lower structure by a plurality of height-adjusting bolts. The top of the lower structure supports a plurality of floor decks. Concrete is poured on each of the floor decks to form a floor slab of a predetermined thickness, and cast-in-place concrete covers each of the height-adjusting bolts.

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