Transition structure for bridging structural joints

Abstract

The invention relates to a transition structure (10B) for bridging a structural joint (14) between two structural parts (12a) and (12b) of a structure (12). The transition structure (10B) has at least two trusses (16) mounted on an edge of the structure and at least one slat (20) displaceably mounted thereon, wherein a main sliding surface (22) is arranged between the at least one truss (16) and the at least one slat (20). The main sliding surface (22) has at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a) and (22b), which are each arranged in mutually angled sliding planes (34a) and (34b) that intersect in a common intersection line S forming a movement axis A along which the slat (20) can be moved relative to the truss (16). In this regard, at least one sliding plane (34a, 34b) is arranged at an oblique angle to the movement plane (10B) of the transition structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a transition structure for a structural joint between two structural parts of a bridging structure. Background Technology

[0002] This type of transition structure typically has at least two trusses mounted on the edge of the structure and at least one slat movably mounted thereon, with the main sliding surface arranged between at least one truss and at least one slat.

[0003] Such transition structures for bridging structural joints are well known in principle in the prior art.

[0004] This type of transition structure is primarily used at level crossings, especially in highway and railway bridge construction, where, in addition to the required load transfer, it may also allow for relative displacement of structural sections. The basic principle is that trusses are arranged transversely to the structural joint, thus bridging it. Trusses can be installed on at least one section of the structure so that they can move or expand, thereby compensating for corresponding movements of the two sections of the structure relative to each other, without stress within the trusses. One or more slats are installed transversely to the trusses, sealing the gap between the two sections of the structure to a degree that allows vehicles and pedestrians to safely bridging the joint. The slats are horizontally spaced approximately evenly from each other by a control system and are installed such that they can move relative to the truss below. This allows the transition structure to flexibly adapt to different sizes of the structural joint. This ensures that the structural joint is always safely bridging. Simultaneously, damage to the building and transition structure due to excessive stress and load can be avoided.

[0005] To achieve precise guidance of the slats along the longitudinal axis of the truss, sliding bearings have been used to date at their intersections. In this case, the sliding bearing is preferably attached to the slat, such that there are two main sliding surfaces between the sliding bearing and the truss. These main sliding surfaces are horizontally aligned to transfer vertical loads from the slats to the truss via the sliding bearing, while allowing displacement of the slats relative to the truss. Preferably, the sliding bearing engages from above around both sides of the truss, or is located in correspondingly shaped recesses, such that two vertical guide surfaces are formed between the sliding bearing and the truss in addition to the horizontal main sliding surfaces. When a horizontal load is applied parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truss, the slats can thus move along the truss relative to the truss. On the other hand, any horizontal load acting laterally on the longitudinal axis of the truss is transferred in the area of ​​the vertical guide surfaces between the slats and the truss.

[0006] Although for simplicity, any orientation of surfaces, axes, and loads is described herein as horizontal or vertical, it is not limited to a strictly horizontal or vertical plane or orientation. In this disclosure, such orientation refers only to the plane of movement of the transition structure or bridge. For example, the plane of movement spans the intersection of the truss and the slats along the slats' axis of movement and their longitudinal axis or corresponding parallel lines. This is especially true if the transition structure is installed at an angle. Therefore, in this case, the orientation of the horizontal primary sliding surface can differ from the horizontal plane in the narrow sense, and thus can also be inclined. The same applies to vertical guide surfaces perpendicular to their arrangement and the corresponding load effects described.

[0007] The slats can also be rotatably mounted relative to the crossbars at their respective intersections. The motion control principle allows for rotation about a vertical axis with minimal resistance. For example, this motion control principle is used in the "Maurer rotating support beam" for level crossings in highway bridges, or in the "Maurer guide sleeper" for railway bridge construction. Preferably, the elastic rotatability about two horizontal axes allows for accommodation of tolerances and expansion differences, as well as interchangeability of worn parts, while transmitting live loads.

[0008] Torque transmission, such as from the horizontal loads caused by braking and starting on the road surface, is typically achieved by the torsional resistance of the aforementioned sliding bearings about the horizontal axis, additional guide sliding elements under the truss, or support elements independent of these.

[0009] Therefore, in known transition structures, there is a functional separation between the vertical and horizontal load transfer at the junction of the slats and trusses. While the vertical load is absorbed by the truss via the horizontal primary sliding surface, the horizontal load acting laterally on the longitudinal axis of the truss is transferred within the area of ​​the vertical guide surface between the slats and trusses. Point 6.8 of the DIN EN 1337-2:2004 standard for structural load bearings stipulates that the dimensions of the primary sliding surface must be designed to prevent gaps in its service condition. Compared to bridge bearings, the effects on transition structures are almost entirely variable. Therefore, the basic load from the static weight is lost, and gapless verification is generally not achievable despite the offset of the sliding element. For this reason, a sliding material is also used on the primary sliding surface, which is typically used only for guidance and exhibits increased wear behavior and increased sliding resistance.

[0010] According to the DIN EN 1990:2010-12 standard, which is fundamental to structural design, the serviceability condition extends to and includes the normal serviceability limit state. If the normal serviceability limit state is exceeded, the prescribed conditions for the normal use of the structure or component are no longer met. Therefore, the limit states that affect the function of a structure or part thereof under normal serviceability conditions, the health condition of the user, or the appearance of the structure are also classified as normal serviceability limit states.

[0011] In the case of special transition structures designed for extreme situations such as earthquakes, the operational state may still exist when such extreme situations occur. This also applies particularly to the state after any emergency and buffer functions that are only used in extreme situations are triggered. Here, for example, during the operational state, the lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing section is calculated.

[0012] Although the principle of load transfer has been confirmed, it has been found that significant amounts of dust, dirt, or other foreign matter accumulate in the sliding surface areas, especially during long-term use of such transition structures. Without regular maintenance of the transition structure, this can lead to increased wear of the sliding material or impaired sliding performance. This is primarily due to the fact that, utilizing this functional separation between vertical and horizontal load transfer, a certain amount of play exists between the various components of the guide device, which is, in principle, unavoidable. Therefore, when using a transition structure, gaps appear in the area of ​​the vertical guide surface. This play or gap also leads to edge compression in the area of ​​the guide surface. The result is uneven load transfer within the transition structure, leading to increased and uneven wear of the sliding material. Furthermore, due to the presence of gaps, the guide surface can only be lubricated initially, and a continuous supply of lubricant cannot be guaranteed. Additionally, a sliding material capable of absorbing high local compression must be used. Therefore, the sliding material ultimately used here exhibits relatively poor sliding performance due to its relatively high coefficient of friction. This results in suboptimal control behavior in the corresponding transition design.

[0013] Although the main horizontal sliding surface has no clearance, the aforementioned disadvantages also apply due to the gaps created by the load combination and the appropriate sliding material with the most initial lubrication. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Therefore, the objective of this invention is to provide an improved transition design that is as simple as possible on the one hand, operates for as long as possible without maintenance on the other hand, and is reliable even under increased load, thereby reducing costs and workload during manufacturing and operation.

[0015] According to the present invention, the solution to the above-mentioned problem is achieved through the transition structure according to claim 1. Dependent claims 2 to 31 provide advantageous further embodiments of the invention.

[0016] Therefore, the transition structure according to the invention is characterized in that the main sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, each of which is arranged in sliding planes at an angle to each other, the sliding planes intersecting in a common line of intersection forming a movement axis along which the slats can move relative to the truss. In this respect, at least one sliding plane is arranged at an oblique angle to the movement plane of the transition structure. In this disclosure, the mutually oblique arrangement is understood to represent the non-parallel and non-orthogonal arrangement of corresponding elements.

[0017] The two angled sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface combine the functions of vertical and horizontal load transfer between the slats and crossbars. Therefore, any vertical load, as well as any horizontal load acting laterally on the moving axis, can be absorbed by the main sliding surface of the transition structure. Consequently, the previously used vertical guide surfaces are no longer necessary, as their function is entirely performed by the main sliding surface. This greatly simplifies the design of the transition structure. Manufacturing costs can be reduced accordingly. Installation space, which may be limited in some cases, can also be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the omission of the lateral vertical guide surfaces eliminates the need for guide spacing. This significantly reduces the amount of dirt and foreign matter entering the sliding surface. This design means that conventional sliding materials can be used for the main sliding surface of bridge bearings.

[0018] With continuous and uniform compression in the region of the main sliding surface, permanently lubricated sliding materials are now particularly suitable for guiding, as known for example from the DIN EN 1337-2:2004 standard for structural load-bearing. These have low coefficients of friction, and in particular, low wear. In tests conducted by the applicant, resistance can already be built up with the corresponding sliding material even when the cumulative sliding distance in the current guiding main sliding surface is 25 times greater than the cumulative sliding distance in the previously separated guiding surface.

[0019] Furthermore, the two inclined sliding surfaces allow the slats to be continuously and automatically centered on the truss relative to the moving axis. Therefore, the slats are always optimally positioned relative to the truss, and potential edge compression along the moving axis is avoided. Due to the vertically aligned guide surfaces, there is no longer any bearing clearance.

[0020] Advantageously, the two sliding planes include a first angle, which is selected such that no gaps appear in the region of the main sliding surface during the use of the transition structure. In other words, a transition structure is provided that has no gaps in any of the sliding surfaces between the trusses and slats in the region of the intersection during the use of the transition structure.

[0021] In this region of the transition structure, the ratio between the maximum possible vertical load and the horizontal load can be optimally adjusted by selecting the inclination or a first angle of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other. By appropriately selecting the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, gaps in the region of the main sliding surface can be avoided, even when the maximum horizontal load is combined with the corresponding minimum vertical load when using the transition structure. Simultaneously, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used in the region of the main sliding surface.

[0022] Preferably, there are exactly two main sliding surfaces, and most preferably only two partial sliding surfaces. This makes the transition structure according to the invention as simple as possible. The two partial sliding surfaces can, for example, form a continuous main sliding surface that bends only once in the region of the moving axis. Here, in addition to two sliding planes that are angled to each other, the two partial sliding surfaces therefore also intersect along the moving axis. Alternatively, the two partial sliding surfaces can also be formed separately from each other in their respective sliding planes.

[0023] Preferably, the two sliding planes are arranged such that the line of intersection extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truss. Therefore, the moving axis is also parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truss. With this configuration, the entire transition structure is loaded as uniformly as possible in terms of load transfer. Furthermore, the slats can move uniformly with the same resistance in both directions of the moving axis.

[0024] Advantageously, several main sliding surfaces are arranged along the truss and form a common axis of movement. This common axis of movement for all main sliding surfaces allows the slats to move along the truss with minimal resistance. Furthermore, the truss has a structure as simple as possible, which reduces manufacturing effort and cost. Preferably, the multiple main sliding surfaces also share a common sliding plane. This allows the truss to be formed uniformly along its longitudinal axis. Truss design is further simplified, and manufacturing costs are reduced.

[0025] The first angle is selected in such a way that no gaps appear in the region of the main sliding surface under the limit state of the transition structure. A limit state occurs if the load on the transition structure increases further from its service state. According to the DIN EN 1990:2010-12 standard for structural design principles, this state is associated with collapse or other forms of structural failure. Therefore, limit states that relate to personnel safety and / or structural safety are also classified as limit states. The advantage of this is that even under this state, no gaps still appear in the region of the main sliding surface.

[0026] Preferably, the truss has at least one sliding plate in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. The sliding plate is preferably made of a metal such as copper, steel, aluminum, or stainless steel. By attaching the sliding plate to the area of ​​the main sliding surface, friction between the truss and the slats can be reduced. Similarly, material wear in this area of ​​the truss is prevented. Furthermore, the sliding plate can be easily replaced with a new one after appropriate wear.

[0027] Advantageously, the truss itself is made of a sliding material, preferably metal, as the opposing surface. Therefore, in the region of the main sliding surface, any sliding plates or the like can be omitted from the truss.

[0028] Preferably, the main sliding surface has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA. In one embodiment, the sliding material is provided, for example, in the form of a lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication pouch in which lubricant can be stored and uniformly distributed. Therefore, a sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction can be provided. Wear on the sliding material can also be significantly reduced. It is also conceivable to attach the sliding material in the form of a sliding pad to a slat.

[0029] Advantageously, the at least two partial sliding surfaces, angled relative to each other, are arranged in a manner that forms the shape of a pitched roof with corresponding sliding planes. The pitched roof is designed such that a line of intersection or a axis of movement forms the ridge of the roof. The shape of the pitched roof has the particular advantage of minimizing the accumulation of dirt and debris in the area of ​​the at least two partial sliding surfaces angled relative to each other. This is especially beneficial in the area of ​​the line of intersection or axis of movement, as this represents the highest point of the pitched roof as a ridge.

[0030] Preferably, at least two partially sliding surfaces at an angle to each other are arranged in a manner that forms an inverted sloping roof shape with corresponding sliding planes. Here, the sloping roof is also designed such that the ridge of the sloping roof is formed by the intersection line or the axis of movement. Due to the inverted roof shape, the slats or corresponding connecting parts can be made more robust at the highest load point near the axis of movement without requiring more installation space in the vertical direction. Therefore, installation space can still be saved despite the increased load.

[0031] Preferably, at least two partial sliding surfaces angled to each other are formed symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry extending through the line of intersection in a direction perpendicular to the plane of movement. The symmetrical arrangement of the at least two partial sliding surfaces improves the self-centering of the slats along the axis of movement on the truss. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the displacement conditions of the slats relative to the truss in both directions along the axis of movement are as equal as possible, particularly when a balanced load is applied or the load is transferred from all sides. Additionally, the transition structure design is simple, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Alternatively, the cross-sectional areas of the two partial sliding surfaces can also be designed to be different sizes, thereby establishing optimal surface pressure for friction and durability based on the first angle and the expected load ratio.

[0032] Advantageously, at least one sliding plane is further inclined at a second angle relative to the moving plane, this second angle being between 10 and 60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees. Particularly with a steeper second angle, the corresponding high horizontal load can be absorbed transversely to the moving axis by the corresponding angled partial sliding surface. Simultaneously, a sliding material with a low friction value can still be used in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. On the one hand, this prevents gaps from appearing in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. On the other hand, the movement of the slats relative to the truss along the moving axis is ensured with minimal resistance. Different sliding planes can have the same second angle. Different second angles can also be used to adapt the transition structure to different load effects.

[0033] Preferably, the first angle is between 60 degrees and 160 degrees, and more preferably 90 degrees. Particularly when the first angle is sharper, the corresponding high horizontal load can be absorbed laterally across the moving axis by the corresponding angled partial sliding surface. Simultaneously, a sliding material with a low friction value can still be used in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. On the one hand, this prevents gaps from appearing in the area of ​​the main sliding surface. On the other hand, it ensures that the slats move relative to the truss along the moving axis with the least possible resistance.

[0034] Preferably, the transition structure has at least one intersection point with the truss at the slats, where a sliding bearing with a support plate, preferably rotatable about an axis vertical to the plane of movement, is arranged between the truss and the slats, with the main sliding surface extending between the truss and the support plate. Vertical and horizontal loads can be selectively transferred via the support plate through the sliding bearing between the slats and the truss. If the sliding bearing is rotatable, then the slats can torsionally and slide relative to the truss at the intersection point. In this case, rotatability about the vertical axis with minimal resistance enables the motion control principle.

[0035] Preferably, the support plate is designed to be deformable, such that the main sliding surface has at least one partial sliding surface that is horizontal to the plane of motion, depending on the magnitude of the applied load. If the sliding plane forms the shape of a pitched roof, high bending stress will be generated in the support plate. The load-bearing capacity of the system can be increased by adding additional horizontal partial sliding surfaces, which are applied or formed only when the support plate deforms accordingly.

[0036] Advantageously, the bearing has a base plate, through which the sliding bearing is fastened to the slat. Preferably, the slat or base plate has a first trunnion by which the sliding bearing is rotatably attached to the slat. By means of the base plate, the sliding bearing can be designed to be as stable as possible. On the other hand, the first trunnion enables the sliding bearing to rotate properly about its vertical axis.

[0037] Advantageously, the sliding bearing also has an elastomeric layer disposed between the support plate and the base plate. The elastomeric layer provides a flexible cushioning function between the base plate and the support plate. Therefore, for example, the elastomeric layer allows the base plate to displace, tilt, and / or torsion relative to the support plate. In this way, minute movements between the truss and the slats can be compensated. Additionally, the elastomeric layer has damping properties.

[0038] Preferably, the sliding bearing has at least one shear surface arranged in a plane between the support plate and the base plate, which is angled to the sliding plane of the partially sliding surfaces that are angled to each other. Preferably, the sliding bearing has the same number of sliding planes as the number of partially sliding surfaces that are angled to each other at the intersection. If an elastomer layer is used, the elastomer layer is arranged at least in the region of the shear surface. The different inclinations of the partially sliding surfaces and the thrust surface allow for optimal adjustment of the adaptive behavior. This is especially true when combined with the arrangement of the elastomer layer and the sliding planes of the partially sliding surfaces that are angled to each other in the form of an inverted sloping roof.

[0039] Advantageously, the transition structure includes a support in the region of at least one intersection point, the support being arranged on the slats and having an offset unit with a sliding material, preferably a sliding spring. The support and offset unit are designed such that the slats are offset relative to the truss at the intersection point and are mounted to be displaced and / or rotated about an axis vertical to the plane of movement. First, the offset unit ensures that sufficient vertical load can be established to absorb horizontal loads without causing lifting of the sliding surface area. Furthermore, the offset unit can be used to adjust the movement of the slats relative to the truss. Finally, the slats can be positioned more precisely relative to the truss by means of another connection point between the slats and the truss.

[0040] Preferably, the offset unit is designed to be directionally neutral to the movement of the slats relative to the truss along the main sliding surface. Preferably, the offset unit has no vertical guide surface. Therefore, in this case, no horizontal load oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the truss acts on the offset unit. In this case, the slats are guided along the movement axis on the truss only by partial sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface, these partial sliding surfaces being angled relative to each other. Due to the omission of the guide surfaces, rotational movement of the truss about the vertical axis is possible via the sliding surfaces of the offset unit. By appropriately selecting the first angle between the offset load and the two angled partial sliding surfaces on the sliding bearing, clearance in the sliding bearing during use can also be prevented. This reduces sliding resistance and allows the offset unit to be manufactured at low cost.

[0041] Advantageously, the support has a second trunnion through which the biasing unit is rotatably attached. The first and second trunnions form a common axis of rotation, allowing the slats to be rotatably mounted relative to the truss about the axis of rotation at the intersection. The interaction of the first and second trunnions allows the slats to rotate precisely relative to the truss at the intersection. The second trunnion is particularly useful when the biasing unit has any guide surface.

[0042] Preferably, the sliding material of the biasing unit comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably having PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA. In one embodiment, the sliding material is provided, for example, in the form of a lubricated sliding disc, which preferably has at least one lubrication pouch in which lubricant can be stored and uniformly distributed. This provides a sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction. Wear of the sliding material can also be significantly reduced.

[0043] Preferably, the biasing unit has a screw for biasing the biasing unit in the installed state. For example, for this purpose, the screw engages with a bracket. Alternatively, the biasing unit is designed in such a way that it can be biasedly mounted and released to a predetermined bias size in the installed state. This allows for setting the desired bias size as easily and flexibly as possible.

[0044] Advantageously, the transition structure has at least one truss box in which one end of the truss is displaceably and / or rotatably mounted. In principle, such truss boxes are arranged at the corresponding mounting points of the trusses within the area of ​​the structural section, and in particular, provide buffer space for any type of movement of the trusses. In this way, any movement of the two sections of the structure relative to each other can be compensated.

[0045] Preferably, the end of the truss has at least one hole, and the truss box has at least one trunnion, via which the end of the truss is rotatably mounted in the truss box. The truss box may also have at least one hole, and the end of the truss may have at least one trunnion, for corresponding support of the truss. In both cases, the truss is supported in the truss box as simply and efficiently as possible.

[0046] Preferably, the truss box has an upper sliding bearing arranged above the truss, wherein a main sliding surface designed as described above is arranged between the upper sliding bearing and the truss. With the aid of the upper sliding bearing, the movement of the truss can be precisely guided within the truss box. Advantageously, the upper sliding bearing is a sliding spring. The sliding spring acts as a biasing unit to bias the truss relative to the lower sliding bearing, thereby adjusting the degree of freedom of movement of the truss within the truss box. The lower sliding bearing does not perform any guiding function. The sliding spring prevents the truss from rising within the truss box. The aforementioned advantages of the main sliding surface according to the invention are accordingly applied.

[0047] Advantageously, the upper sliding bearing can also be rotatably attached to the truss box. For this purpose, the upper sliding bearing or the corresponding sliding spring preferably includes trunnions fastened in the truss box. Thus, displacement and rotation of the truss can be made possible at the truss support points. It is also conceivable that the truss is offset relative to the underlying structural load in a manner that allows only rotational movement while preventing sliding movement on the other hand.

[0048] Advantageously, the transition structure is a rotating truss design used for general road transitions. In this case, the slats are installed such that they can be displaced and rotated on a rotating road truss, some of which are arranged at an angle. This results in an advantageous movement control principle, allowing the transition structure to adapt particularly flexibly to different sizes of structural joints and varying load effects.

[0049] Alternatively, the transition structure can be designed as a guide sleeper design in railway bridge construction. The guide sleeper design is essentially based on the movement control principle of a rotating truss design. Furthermore, it is designed to guide the railway track through the structural joints. In this case, for example, slats can be designed as movable railway sleepers. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to arrange railway sleepers on slats.

[0050] Advantageously, several, preferably two, main sliding surfaces are arranged between the truss and the slats, with the axes of movement of these main sliding surfaces being different from one another. This makes it possible to increase the entire main sliding surface between the slats and the truss in a very simple manner. Therefore, the entire main sliding surface is designed to withstand higher loads acting on the transition structure. The risk of gaps is further reduced. Additionally, due to the multiple axes of movement, the slats can be guided more precisely relative to the truss.

[0051] It is useful if the moving axes extend parallel to each other and are preferably arranged in or parallel to the plane of movement of the transition structure. Parallel moving axes mean that increased friction or edge compression in the main sliding surfaces can be avoided. Therefore, the slats can move relative to the truss with minimal resistance. This also applies to the advantageous arrangement of the moving axes relative to the plane of movement of the transition structure. Furthermore, the transition structure has a particularly simple design. Attached Figure Description

[0052] In the following, advantageous embodiments of the invention will now be described schematically with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein...

[0053] Figure 1 This is a side view of the transition structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a portion of the transition structure according to the second implementation scheme;

[0055] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic bottom view of the transition structure shown;

[0056] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 and Figure 2 Side view and exploded view of the intersection of the lath and truss of the transition structure shown;

[0057] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A portion of the exploded view shown;

[0058] Figure 6 This is a side view and exploded view of the intersection of the laths and trusses in the transition structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A portion of the exploded view shown;

[0060] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the intersection point K of the transition structure according to the fourth embodiment; and

[0061] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the intersection point K of the transition structure according to the fifth implementation scheme.

[0062] The same components in different implementations are labeled with the same reference numerals. Detailed Implementation

[0063] Figure 1A schematic structure of transition structure 10A according to a particularly advantageous embodiment is shown. Transition structure 10A has three trusses 16 arranged between the two structural portions 12a and 12b of structure 12, and thus bridging the structural joint 14 between the two structural portions 12a and 12b. At this point, each truss 16 is supported at its end in a truss box 18 of transition structure 10A. Therefore, transition structure 10A has a total of six such truss boxes 18 formed at the structural edges of the corresponding structural portions 12a and 12b of structure 12. The transition structure 10A shown is formed as a pivot truss structure. Thus, the trusses 16 are here entirely rotatably and longitudinally slidably supported in the respective truss boxes 18. Such support points can be achieved, for example, by a lower sliding bearing 52 arranged below the truss 16 and an upper sliding bearing 50 arranged above the truss 16. The upper sliding bearing 50 is designed as a sliding spring that can rotate about its vertical axis. Truss 16 is mounted in truss box 18 on structural section 12a so that it can be displaced with only a small clearance in its longitudinal direction. This allows rotational movement of truss 16 to be compensated. One end of truss 16 may also be fixedly held in truss box 18, and is merely rotatable. For example, truss 16 may have a hole, and truss box 18 may have trunnions to support the end of truss 16 (not shown) accordingly.

[0064] Furthermore, the transition structure 10A has nine slats 20 and two edge slats 20a, which are fixedly connected to the corresponding truss box 18. The slats 20 and edge slats 20a are spaced apart and slidably mounted on the truss 16. Thus, at each intersection K of the slats 20 and the truss 16, a main sliding surface 22 is located between the two components. In this embodiment, the main sliding surface 22 is configured to allow the slats 20 to move relative to the truss 16 along the longitudinal axis of the truss at the intersection K. Additionally, the slats 20 are rotatably mounted relative to the truss 16 about the vertical axis V at the intersection K. For this purpose, rotatable sliding bearings 24 are arranged at the corresponding intersection k between the slats 20 and the truss 16. The sliding bearings 24 are rotatably attached to the upper side of the slats 20 and rest on the lower side of the truss 16. Thus, the main sliding surface 22 extends between the sliding bearings 24 and the truss 16.

[0065] Figure 2 and Figure 3 A perspective view of a portion of the transition structure 10B according to the second embodiment is shown. The transition structure 10B is substantially the same as the transition structure 10A of the first embodiment. Identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0066] The only difference in transition structure 10B is that it has only three slats 20 and two edge slats 20a. Specifically, from... Figure 3As can be seen from the bottom view, in this embodiment, the central truss 16 is installed in a rectangular shape with the construction joint axis, and therefore also rectangular with the slats 20 and the edge slats 20a. On the other hand, the two outer trusses 16 are aligned at an angle with the slats 20 and the edge slats 20a.

[0067] exist Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the example, the intersection point K of slat 20 and truss 16 is shown in more detail. Specifically, from... Figure 5 As can be seen, the sliding bearing 24 includes a base plate 26, a support plate 28, and an elastomeric layer 30 between them. The base plate 26 includes a first trunnion 32 by means of which the sliding bearing 24 is attached to the slat 20, thereby allowing it to rotate about the vertical axis of rotation V. Alternatively, the slat 20 may include the trunnion 32 (not shown). On the other hand, the support plate 28 rests on the crossbeam 16 such that the actual main sliding surface 22 is located between the support plate 28 and the truss 16.

[0068] The main sliding surface 22 comprises two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b, each arranged in sliding planes 34a and 34b at an angle to each other. At this point, the two sliding planes 34a and 34b intersect at a common line of intersection S, which forms a movement axis A along which the slat 20 can move relative to the truss 16. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged at an oblique angle to the movement plane B of the transition structures 10A and 10B. At the intersection point K, the movement plane B is traversed by the movement axis A and a straight line parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the slat 20. In this embodiment, the movement plane B corresponds to a horizontal plane. Therefore, all horizontal and vertical alignments of the components and loads described herein also refer to the movement plane B. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged such that the line of intersection S is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truss 16. This allows the slat 20 to move uniformly relative to the truss 16 in both directions along the movement axis A.

[0069] The two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b are arranged in such a way that they form the shape of a sloping roof with corresponding sliding planes 34a and 34b. Here, the axis of movement A should be understood as the ridge of the sloping roof. Furthermore, the two partial sliding planes 22a and 22b have the same size and are formed symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry E extending vertically through the line of intersection S. It is also conceivable to determine the dimensions (not shown) of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b differently in order to design them for different loads in each case.

[0070] Additionally, the main sliding surface 22 includes a sliding material 36 to reduce friction between the slats 20 and the truss 16. In this present case, the support plate 28 includes sliding pads 36a and 36b in the region of each of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b for this purpose. Both sliding pads 36a and 36b include a permanently lubricated sliding material, such as PTFE. UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA may also be used here. Furthermore, the truss 16 includes sliding plates 38a and 38b made of stainless steel in the region of each of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b. The two sliding pads 36a and 36b thus rest on the sliding plates 38a and 38b for sliding along them. This reduces friction between the support plate 28 and the truss 16, as well as wear on the sliding material 36. Alternatively, a lubricated polymer sliding disc with a pre-formed lubrication bag may be used here. For example, the truss 16 may also be made of a metallic sliding material. In this case, the two sliding plates 38a and 38b may also be omitted.

[0071] The special arrangement of the main sliding surface 22 or the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b allows for a functional combination of vertical and horizontal load transfer. On the one hand, vertical loads can be absorbed via the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and transferred from the slats 20 to the truss 16. The same applies to horizontal loads oriented transversely to the movement axis A. Therefore, on the other hand, these loads can also be absorbed by the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and correspondingly transferred between the slats 20 and the truss 16.

[0072] The ratio of the absorbable vertical load to the horizontal load transverse to the moving axis A can be adjusted by the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b or the corresponding two sliding surfaces 34a and 34b. Therefore, both sliding surfaces 34a and 34b include a first angle α, which is selected such that no gap appears in the region of the main sliding surface 22 when the transition structures 10A and 10B are in use. The first angle α is even selected such that no gap appears in the region of the main sliding surface 22 even in the extreme states of the transition structures 10A and 10B. In this embodiment, the first angle α is 90 degrees. However, if the transition structures 10A and 10B are designed for a smaller amount of horizontal load, a blunter first angle α can also be used.

[0073] Alternatively or additionally, the inclination of the two sliding planes 34a and 34b can also be represented by their intersection angle relative to the moving plane B of the transition structures 10A and 10B. Therefore, both sliding planes 34a and 34b are angled downwards or tilted at a second angle β relative to the moving plane B. In this embodiment, the two sliding planes 34a and 34b have the same second angle β, which is 45 degrees. However, a slightly flatter second angle β can also be chosen for smaller horizontal loads.

[0074] Furthermore, transition structures 10A and 10B have a bracket 40 with a biasing unit 42 in the region of intersection K. The bracket 40 is attached to the slat 20. Moreover, the bracket 40 and the biasing unit 42 are configured such that the slat 20 is biased, displaced, and rotated relative to the truss 16 at intersection K about the vertical axis V by means of the biasing unit 42. In this embodiment, the biasing unit 42 is designed as a sliding spring. The sliding spring is attached to the underside of the truss 16 such that a horizontal sliding surface 44 is located between the sliding spring and the truss 16. However, the sliding spring has no guide surface. This allows for rotational movement about the vertical axis V.

[0075] In the region of the horizontal sliding surface 44, the sliding spring comprises a sliding material 46 in the form of a lubricated sliding disc made of PTFE. However, the use of UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA is also possible. Furthermore, the sliding disc has multiple pre-formed lubrication pouches in which lubricant can be stored and evenly distributed in the region of the horizontal sliding surface 44.

[0076] Furthermore, the support 40 includes a rigid connecting element 48A. The connecting element 48A can alternatively be configured as a second trunnion 48B, through which the sliding spring is rotatably attached to the support 40. This is advantageous, for example, if the biasing unit 42 has any guide surface adjacent to the horizontal sliding surface 44. In this case, the first trunnion 32 of the sliding bearing 24 and the second trunnion 48B of the support 40 form a common axis of rotation D. Therefore, the slat 20 is mounted so that it is rotatable about the axis of rotation D relative to the truss 16 at the intersection K, and thus about the vertical axis V. Therefore, despite preload, the degree of freedom between the slat 20 and the truss 16 provided by the sliding bearing 24 is no longer restricted.

[0077] In this embodiment, the main sliding surface 22 forms a common axis of movement A at all intersections K along the truss 16. Furthermore, corresponding partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b lie within the same sliding planes 34a and 34b. Therefore, the truss 16 has a constant cross-section along its longitudinal axis in the sliding region. This simplifies the construction of the transition structures 10A and 10B and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0078] The support plate 28 is designed to deform under high loads. Therefore, if a sufficiently high load is applied to the support plate 28, its horizontal portion contacts the horizontal portion of the truss 16. Thus, the main sliding surface 22 has another horizontal sliding surface 22c between the support plate 28 and the truss 16.

[0079] The advantages of the main sliding surface 22 according to the invention can also be applied to the bearings of the truss 16 in the truss box 18. As described above, the truss 16 is received in the respective truss box 18 via an upper sliding bearing 50 or a corresponding sliding spring and a lower sliding bearing 52. Thus, the truss 16 can be biased relative to the lower sliding bearing by means of the sliding spring. The sliding spring can be rotatably attached to the top plate of the truss box 18 via a trunnion. However, in this embodiment, the trunnion is attached to the underside of the edge strip 20a, which abuts the top plate of the truss box 18. In addition, the sliding spring rests on the truss 16. Thus, there is another main sliding surface as described above between the sliding spring and the truss 16.

[0080] exist Figure 6 and Figure 7 The diagram shows the intersection K of the slats 120 and truss 116 of the transition structure 110 according to a third embodiment of the invention. The transition structure 110 is substantially the same as the transition structure 10B of the second embodiment. Identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0081] However, the transition structure 110 differs from the transition structure 10B of the second embodiment in that the main sliding surface 122 between the slats 120 or sliding bearing 124 and the truss 116 is constructed differently. Here, the two partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b, which are angled towards each other, are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an inverted sloping roof. Here, the moving shaft A also forms the ridge of the sloping roof. The design of the components arranged in the area of ​​the main sliding surface 122, such as the sliding plates 138a and 138b and the sliding pads 136a and 136b, has been modified accordingly. This also applies to the components of the sliding bearing 124, such as the base plate 126, the elastomer layer 130, and the support plate 128. However, their basic functions remain as described above.

[0082] The advantages of this embodiment essentially correspond to those of the second embodiment. Furthermore, the sliding bearing 124 can be designed to be stronger in the region of the rotation axis D at the center of maximum stress than in the peripheral region, without requiring more installation space in the vertical direction. Additionally, in this embodiment, the zero-torque point, i.e., the intersection of the three loads perpendicular to the sliding surfaces in the biasing unit 42 or the sliding spring and the sliding bearing 124, is moved upwards to the height of the slat 120. This increases the torsional stiffness at the intersection point K.

[0083] exist Figure 8 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the intersection point K of the slats 120 and truss 116 of the transition structure 210 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The transition structure 210 is substantially the same as the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment. Identical components will not be discussed further below.

[0084] However, the transition structure 210 differs in that it has a different sliding bearing 224. Here, the support plate 228 is formed in two pieces. In addition, the sliding bearing 224 has two shear surfaces 254 and 256, each shear surface being arranged in planes 258 and 260 between the support plate 228 and the base plate 226. At this point, the two planes 258 and 260 are arranged at an angle to the sliding planes 134a and 134b of the partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b, which are at an angle relative to each other.

[0085] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of the intersection point K of the slats 120 and truss 116 of the transition structure 310 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention is shown. The transition structure 310 is substantially the same as the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment. Components of the same structure will not be discussed further below. Furthermore, for clarity, not all details of the sliding bearings, trusses, and associated sliding surfaces are depicted in the figure.

[0086] The transition structure 310 differs from the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment in that, as described above, two main sliding surfaces 122 are arranged side-by-side between the truss 116 and the slats 120. Specifically, the two main sliding surfaces 122 are formed identically. Therefore, the corresponding local sliding surfaces 122a and 122b of the two main sliding surfaces 122 are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an inverted sloping roof. In this case, the two intersection lines S of the two main sliding surfaces 122 and the two movement axes A are distinct from each other. In this embodiment, the two movement axes A are parallel to each other. Furthermore, the two movement axes A are arranged in the movement plane B of the transition structure 310. The other main sliding surface 122 further reduces the risk of gaps throughout the main sliding surfaces at the intersection point K of the transition structure 310. Simultaneously, due to the parallel arrangement of the two movement axes A relative to each other in the movement plane B, the slats 120 can move relative to the truss 116 at the intersection point K with minimal resistance.

[0087] The transition structure according to the invention can be alternatively designed as a guide sleeper design for railway bridge construction. The basic principles of the aforementioned rotating truss design are also applied here.

[0088] Figure Labels

[0089] 10A, 10B,

[0090] 110, 210, 310 Transition Structure

[0091] 12 Structure

[0092] 12a First structural part

[0093] 12b Second structural part

[0094] 14 Structural joints

[0095] 16,116 trusses

[0096] 18 Truss Boxes

[0097] 20,120 slats

[0098] 20a Edge slats

[0099] 22,122 Main sliding surface

[0100] 22a, 122a Partial sliding surfaces

[0101] 22b, 122b Partial sliding surfaces

[0102] 22c Partial sliding surface

[0103] 24, 124, 224 sliding bearings

[0104] 26,126,226 substrate

[0105] 28,128,228 Support plates

[0106] 30,130 Elastomer Layer

[0107] 32 First trunnion

[0108] 34a, 134a Sliding plane

[0109] 34b, 134b sliding plane

[0110] 36 Sliding materials

[0111] 36a, 136a sliding pads

[0112] 36b, 136b sliding pads

[0113] 38a, 138a sliding plates

[0114] 38b, 138b sliding plate

[0115] 40 supports

[0116] 42 bias units

[0117] 44 Horizontal sliding surface

[0118] 46 Sliding materials

[0119] 48A Connecting Components

[0120] 48B Second Trunnion

[0121] 50 Upper sliding bearing

[0122] 52 Lower sliding bearing

[0123] 254 Shear Surface

[0124] 256 Shear surface

[0125] 258 Plane

[0126] 260 plane

[0127] A moving axis

[0128] B. Moving plane

[0129] D. Rotation axis

[0130] E symmetry plane

[0131] S-shaped intersection line

[0132] K intersection

[0133] L longitudinal axis

[0134] V Vertical axis

[0135] α First Angle

[0136] β Second Angle

Claims

1. A transition structure for bridging a structural joint (14) between two structural portions (12a, 12b) of a structure (12), the transition structure having at least two trusses mounted on a structural edge and at least one slat displaceably mounted thereon, a main sliding surface arranged between the at least one truss and the at least one slat. Its features are, The main sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, each of which is arranged in sliding planes at an angle to each other, the sliding planes intersecting in a common line of intersection (S) forming the moving axis (A), the slats being movable relative to the truss along the moving axis, and at least one sliding plane being arranged at an oblique angle to the moving plane (B) of the transition structure.

2. The transition structure according to claim 1, Its features are, The two sliding planes form a first angle (α), which is selected such that no gap appears in the region of the main sliding surface when the transition structure is in use.

3. The transition structure according to claim 2, Its features are, The first angle (α) is selected in such a way that no gap appears in the region of the main sliding surface under the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the transition structure.

4. The transition structure according to claim 2 or 3, Its features are, The first angle (α) is between 60 degrees and 160 degrees.

5. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The two sliding planes are arranged such that the intersection line (S) is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the truss.

6. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, Several main sliding surfaces are arranged along the truss and form a common axis of movement (A).

7. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The truss has at least one sliding plate (38a, 38b) in the region of the main sliding surface.

8. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The truss is made of a sliding material.

9. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The main sliding surface comprises a permanently lubricated sliding material.

10. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The sliding surfaces, which are at least two parts at an angle to each other, are arranged in a manner that forms the shape of a sloping roof with corresponding sliding planes.

11. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The sliding surfaces, which are at least two parts at an angle to each other, are arranged in such a way that they form the shape of an inverted sloping roof with corresponding sliding planes.

12. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, At least two partial sliding surfaces that are angled relative to each other are formed symmetrically relative to each other with respect to a plane of symmetry (E), which extends through the line of intersection (S) in a vertical direction relative to the moving plane (B).

13. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, At least one sliding plane is tilted relative to the moving plane (B) by a second angle (β), the second angle being between 10 degrees and 60 degrees.

14. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The transition structure has at least one intersection (K) between the slats and the truss, at which a sliding bearing with a support plate is arranged between the truss and the slats, and the main sliding surface extends between the truss and the support plate.

15. The transition structure according to claim 14, Its features are, The support plate is deformable, such that the main sliding surface has at least one partial sliding surface, which is horizontal to the moving plane (B) depending on the magnitude of the applied load.

16. The transition structure according to claim 14, Its features are, The sliding bearing also includes a base plate, through which the sliding bearing is attached to the strip.

17. The transition structure according to claim 16, Its features are, The sliding bearing further includes an elastomeric layer (30) disposed between the support plate and the substrate.

18. The transition structure according to claim 16 or 17, Its features are, The sliding bearing has at least one shear surface (254) arranged in a plane (258) between the support plate and the substrate, the plane (258) being arranged at an angle to the sliding plane of the partial sliding surfaces, the partial sliding surfaces being at an angle relative to each other.

19. The transition structure according to claim 14, Its features are, The transition structure has a support (40) in the region of at least one intersection (K), the support being arranged on the slats and having a biasing unit (42) with sliding material, and the support (40) and the biasing unit (42) are designed such that the slats are biased relative to the truss at the intersection (K) and are displaceable and / or rotatably mounted about an axis (V) vertical to the moving plane (B).

20. The transition structure according to claim 19, Its features are, The sliding bearing further includes a base plate, the sliding bearing being attached to the slat via the base plate, and the slat or the base plate includes a first trunnion (32), the sliding bearing being rotatably attached to the slat via the first trunnion. The bracket (40) has a second trunnion (48B), and the biasing unit (42) is rotatably attached to the bracket (40) via the second trunnion. The first trunnion (32) and the second trunnion (48B) form a common axis of rotation (D), and the slats are rotatably mounted relative to the truss about the axis of rotation (D) at the intersection (K).

21. The transition structure according to claim 19, Its features are, The biasing unit (42) is designed to be directionally neutral to the movement of the slats relative to the truss along the main sliding surface.

22. The transition structure according to any one of claims 19 to 21, Its features are, The sliding material of the bias unit (42) includes a permanently lubricated sliding material.

23. The transition structure according to any one of claims 19 to 21, Its features are, The biasing unit (42) has screws for biasing the biasing unit (42) in the installed state.

24. The transition structure according to any one of claims 19 to 21, Its features are, The bias unit (42) is designed in such a way that it can be biasedly mounted and released to a predetermined bias size in the mounted state.

25. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The transition structure has at least one truss box (18), one end of which is displaceably and / or rotatably mounted in the truss box.

26. The transition structure according to claim 25, Its features are, The end of the truss has at least one hole, and the truss box (18) has at least one truss, the end of the truss being mounted in the truss box (18) via the truss.

27. The transition structure according to claim 25, Its features are, The truss box (18) includes an upper sliding bearing (50) arranged above the truss, wherein the main sliding surface is arranged between the upper sliding bearing (50) and the truss.

28. The transition structure according to claim 27, Its features are, The upper sliding bearing (50) is rotatably attached to the truss box (18).

29. The transition structure according to claim 27 or 28, Its features are, The upper sliding bearing (50) is a sliding spring.

30. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The transition structure is a rotating truss design.

31. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, The transition structure is a guide sleeper design used in railway bridge construction.

32. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, Multiple main sliding surfaces are arranged between the truss and the slats, and their axes of movement (A) are different from each other.

33. The transition structure according to claim 32, Its features are, The moving axes (A) are parallel to each other.

34. The transition structure according to claim 4, Its features are, The first angle (α) is 90 degrees.

35. The transition structure according to claim 8, Its features are, The truss is made of a sliding metal material.

36. The transition structure according to claim 9, Its features are, The sliding material has PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

37. The transition structure according to claim 13, Its features are, The second angle is 45 degrees.

38. The transition structure according to claim 14, Its features are, The sliding bearing is capable of rotating about an axis (V) that is vertical to the moving plane (B).

39. The transition structure according to claim 16, Its features are, The slat or the substrate includes a first trunnion (32), and the sliding bearing is rotatably attached to the slat via the first trunnion.

40. The transition structure according to claim 19, Its features are, The biasing unit is a sliding spring.

41. The transition structure according to claim 22, Its features are, The sliding material has PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

42. The transition structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Its features are, Two main sliding surfaces are arranged between the truss and the slats, with their axes of movement (A) being different from each other.

43. The transition structure according to claim 33, Its features are, The moving axis is arranged in the moving plane (B) of the transition structure or in a plane parallel to it.

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