Method for preventing sudden gushing disaster of high water pressure penetration in complex geological tunnel

Abstract

A kind of high water pressure strong penetration complex geology tunnel gushing disaster prevention method, comprising the following steps: (1) obtain the gushing water situation prediction and early warning of surrounding rock;(2) drill in high water pressure strong penetration complex geology area and strengthen hole;(3) insert drainage pipe in each described dredging hole, and set up multiple rows of discharge pipes on the tunnel inner wall, which are arranged transversely to the tunnel depth direction, the drainage pipe is communicated with the corresponding discharge pipe;(4) grouting liquid is poured in the strengthening hole;(5) absorb structure layer is detachably arranged on the discharge pipe;(6) the gushing disaster prevention effect is checked to ensure that it reaches construction effect.The prevention method of the application adopts dredging and plugging, which can improve the standardization and feasibility of high water pressure strong penetration complex geology tunnel gushing disaster prevention, effectively guarantee the management effect, and reduce the possibility of subsequent gushing disaster again.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel and underground engineering gushing disaster prevention and construction, in particular to a high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological tunnel gushing disaster prevention method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tunnel and underground engineering construction in China has entered a period of rapid development, and more and more tunnels are being or will be built in complex geological conditions in karst mountainous areas, showing characteristics of long tunnel line, large buried depth, high water pressure and strong karst. Gushing water disaster has become one of the most frequent and most dangerous geological disasters in the process of tunnel construction, which is highly concealed, strongly emergent and destructive. Establishing an effective prevention method for tunnel gushing water disaster is an effective way and important means to solve this problem.

[0003] The existing technologies at home and abroad are difficult to economically, safely and reasonably prevent and control the high pressure gushing water hazard of the tunnel. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop an economic, safe, effective and reasonable complex geological tunnel gushing disaster prevention method. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the present application provides a high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological tunnel gushing disaster prevention method. The prevention method adopts dredging and plugging, which can improve the standardization and feasibility of high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological tunnel gushing disaster prevention, effectively guarantee the treatment effect, and reduce the possibility of subsequent gushing disaster.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological tunnel gushing disaster prevention method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) extracting rock and soil samples for testing, researching the high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological region, and obtaining the gushing water condition prediction and early warning and prediction of surrounding rock;

[0007] (2) according to the actual geological conditions, drilling dredging holes and reinforcing holes in the high water pressure and strong permeability complex geological region, wherein the dredging holes and the reinforcing holes are provided with multiple rows along the tunnel depth direction, and each row is provided with multiple, and each row of dredging holes and each row of reinforcing holes are uniformly and spacedly arranged;

[0008] (3) inserting a drainage pipe in each of the dredging holes, and arranging multiple rows of discharge pipes on the tunnel inner wall along the transverse direction of the tunnel depth direction, the drainage pipe and the corresponding discharge pipe are communicated, the outlet end of the discharge pipe is provided with a pressure drainage device, the pressure drainage device comprises a negative pressure mechanism and a one-way valve arranged upstream and downstream of the negative pressure mechanism, and the negative pressure mechanism is provided with a sealing structure;

[0009] (4) Grouting fluid is injected into the reinforcing hole to reinforce the complex geological area with high water pressure and strong permeability. After the grouting is completed, the reinforcing hole is sealed.

[0010] (5) An absorbent structure layer is detachably provided on the discharge pipe, which covers the entire dredging hole, reinforcing hole and the tunnel top area involved by the discharge pipe. The absorbent structure layer can quickly and massively absorb the water from complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong infiltration.

[0011] (6) Inspect the effectiveness of flood disaster prevention and control to ensure that the construction effect is achieved.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the specific steps are as follows: monitor the distribution of rock veins, fault fracture zones and formation water in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, conduct advanced geological borehole water pressure tests, and extract rock and soil samples for stress tests and permeability tests; based on the monitoring data, establish a finite element model, predict geological inrush and calculate the inrush volume under different pressures, and then perform dynamic prediction, seepage control and instability early warning forecast.

[0013] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that, in step (2), the length of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole extends from the inner wall of the tunnel to penetrate the high water pressure and strong permeability area; the diameter of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole is determined according to the actual situation, usually 11-15cm.

[0014] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that, in step (3), the discharge pipe is anchored close to the inner wall of the tunnel and extends along the top and side walls of the tunnel, with the two outlet ends extending to the bottom of the side walls of the tunnel, thereby discharging the water in the high water pressure and strong infiltration area.

[0015] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that, in step (3), the drainage tube and the discharge tube are made of composite fiber material with high structural strength and light weight; the side wall of the drainage tube is provided with a plurality of openings penetrating the side wall, the openings being inclined from the outside to the inside of the side wall and forming an acute angle with the axis of the drainage tube.

[0016] In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step (3), the one-way valve includes a valve body and a valve core. The valve body is provided with a flow chamber and an outlet and an inlet connected thereto. The valve core is piston-shaped and can move repeatedly within the flow chamber, sealingly engaging with the outlet. The negative pressure mechanism is sealed to the two one-way valves respectively through the sealing structure. The negative pressure mechanism is a micro pump. The negative pressure mechanism generates continuous negative pressure suction, which can timely, efficiently, and continuously drain the water from the drainage pipe and the discharge pipe. The one-way valve achieves one-way conduction, preventing backflow of water. This replaces the manual switch, eliminating the need for manual control of opening or closing, thus simplifying operation. When the negative pressure mechanism is running, under the suction of the gas, the piston-shaped valve core moves towards the inlet and seals the inlet, achieving a seal. When water is discharged, the negative pressure mechanism operates, causing the piston-shaped valve core to move towards the inlet. When it reaches the middle position of the valve body, the piston-shaped valve core reaches its maximum stroke and stops, without sealing the inlet. The entire system is connected, and finally, the water flows out.

[0017] In any of the above solutions, it is preferred that the detachable connection method in step (5) includes bolt connection, snap connection or Velcro connection.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The prevention and control method of the present invention adopts a combined approach of dredging and blocking, which can improve the standardization and feasibility of prevention and control of sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage, effectively guarantee the treatment effect, and reduce the possibility of subsequent sudden surge disasters.

[0020] 2. The present invention adopts a method of uniformly spaced dredging holes and reinforcing holes, which not only achieves the treatment of both dredging and blockage, but also reduces the number of grouting holes used in the prior art, thus greatly reducing the amount of grouting during grouting reinforcement, saving costs and reducing construction difficulty. It not only ensures the treatment effect of sudden surge disasters, but also speeds up the construction period, achieving twice the result with half the effort.

[0021] 3. The drainage pipe and discharge pipe in this invention are lightweight and high-strength, which can strengthen the geological structure of the tunnel while ensuring drainage, providing dual protection. At the same time, the above-mentioned configuration, together with the grouting liquid solidified in the strengthening hole, achieves structural reinforcement of the complex geological tunnel with high water pressure and strong seepage, and achieves a very good effect in preventing sudden surge disasters. The pressure drainage device can quickly and thoroughly drain the water in the geological structure, effectively avoiding the sudden occurrence of sudden surge disasters.

[0022] 4. The absorbent structure layer of this invention can quickly absorb a large amount of water, further reducing the destructive impact on the internal structure of the tunnel in the event of a sudden surge of water pressure and strong seepage in complex geological tunnels, thus ensuring construction safety; at the same time, its detachable design facilitates construction and replacement, ensuring the long-term prevention and control effect.

[0023] 5. The method of the present invention can dynamically predict and comprehensively control the sudden surge disaster in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong permeability, and provides economical, safe and reasonable comprehensive prevention and control measures, thereby improving the technical level of reasonable design, safe construction and comprehensive prevention and control of sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong permeability. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments of this application. However, the following embodiments are only used to understand the present invention. The embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application can be implemented in a variety of different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for preventing sudden inrush disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Extract rock and soil samples for testing, study the situation of complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, and obtain prediction and early warning of the sudden water inrush situation of the surrounding rock;

[0028] (2) Based on the actual geological conditions, dredging holes and reinforcing holes are drilled in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes are arranged in multiple rows along the tunnel depth direction, and each row has multiple holes. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes in each row are evenly spaced.

[0029] (3) Insert a drainage pipe into each of the unblocking holes and set multiple rows of discharge pipes arranged transversely to the tunnel depth direction on the inner wall of the tunnel. The drainage pipes are connected to the corresponding discharge pipes. A pressure drainage device is set at the outlet end of the discharge pipe. The pressure drainage device includes a negative pressure mechanism and one-way valves respectively set at the upstream and downstream of the negative pressure mechanism. The negative pressure mechanism is provided with a sealing structure.

[0030] (4) Grouting fluid is injected into the reinforcing hole to reinforce the complex geological area with high water pressure and strong permeability. After the grouting is completed, the reinforcing hole is sealed.

[0031] (5) An absorbent structure layer is detachably provided on the discharge pipe, which covers the entire dredging hole, reinforcing hole and the tunnel top area involved by the discharge pipe. The absorbent structure layer can quickly and massively absorb the water from complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong infiltration.

[0032] (6) Inspect the effectiveness of flood disaster prevention and control to ensure that the construction effect is achieved.

[0033] In step (1), the specific steps are as follows: monitor the distribution of rock veins, fault fracture zones and formation water in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, conduct advanced geological borehole water pressure tests, and extract rock and soil samples for stress tests and permeability tests; based on the monitoring data, establish a finite element model, predict geological inrush and calculate the inrush volume under different pressures, and then carry out dynamic prediction, seepage control and instability early warning forecast.

[0034] In step (2), the length of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole extends from the inner wall of the tunnel to penetrate the high water pressure and strong seepage area; the diameter of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole is determined according to the actual situation and is 11cm.

[0035] In step (3), the discharge pipe is anchored close to the inner wall of the tunnel and extends along the top and side walls of the tunnel, with the two outlet ends extending to the bottom of the tunnel side walls, thereby discharging the water in the high water pressure infiltration area.

[0036] In step (3), the drainage tube and the discharge tube are made of composite fiber material with high structural strength and light weight; multiple openings penetrating the side wall are provided on the side wall of the drainage tube, and the openings are set to be inclined from the outside to the inside of the side wall and form an acute angle with the axis of the drainage tube.

[0037] In step (3), the one-way valve includes a valve body and a valve core. The valve body has a flow chamber and an outlet and an inlet connected thereto. The valve core is piston-shaped and can move repeatedly within the flow chamber, sealingly engaging with the outlet. The negative pressure mechanism is sealed to the two one-way valves through the sealing structure. The negative pressure mechanism is a micro pump. The negative pressure mechanism generates continuous negative pressure suction, which can timely, efficiently, and continuously drain the water from the drainage pipe and the discharge pipe. The one-way valve achieves one-way flow, preventing backflow of the water. This replaces the manual switch, eliminating the need for manual control of opening or closing, thus simplifying the operation. When the negative pressure mechanism is running, under the suction of the gas, the piston-shaped valve core moves towards the inlet and seals the inlet, achieving a seal. When the water is discharged, the negative pressure mechanism operates, causing the piston-shaped valve core to move towards the inlet. When it reaches the middle position of the valve body, the piston-shaped valve core reaches its maximum stroke and stops, without sealing the inlet. The entire system is connected, and finally, the water flows out.

[0038] In step (5), the detachable configuration is a bolted connection.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for preventing sudden inrush disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Extract rock and soil samples for testing, study the situation of complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, and obtain prediction and early warning of the sudden water inrush situation of the surrounding rock;

[0042] (2) Based on the actual geological conditions, dredging holes and reinforcing holes are drilled in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes are arranged in multiple rows along the tunnel depth direction, and each row has multiple holes. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes in each row are evenly spaced.

[0043] (3) Insert a drainage pipe into each of the unblocking holes and set multiple rows of discharge pipes arranged transversely to the tunnel depth direction on the inner wall of the tunnel. The drainage pipes are connected to the corresponding discharge pipes. A pressure drainage device is set at the outlet end of the discharge pipe. The pressure drainage device includes a negative pressure mechanism and one-way valves respectively set at the upstream and downstream of the negative pressure mechanism. The negative pressure mechanism is provided with a sealing structure.

[0044] (4) Grouting fluid is injected into the reinforcing hole to reinforce the complex geological area with high water pressure and strong permeability. After the grouting is completed, the reinforcing hole is sealed.

[0045] (5) An absorbent structure layer is detachably provided on the discharge pipe, which covers the entire dredging hole, reinforcing hole and the tunnel top area involved by the discharge pipe. The absorbent structure layer can quickly and massively absorb the water from complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong infiltration.

[0046] (6) Inspect the effectiveness of flood disaster prevention and control to ensure that the construction effect is achieved.

[0047] In step (1), the specific steps are as follows: monitor the distribution of rock veins, fault fracture zones and formation water in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, conduct advanced geological borehole water pressure tests, and extract rock and soil samples for stress tests and permeability tests; based on the monitoring data, establish a finite element model, predict geological inrush and calculate the inrush volume under different pressures, and then carry out dynamic prediction, seepage control and instability early warning forecast.

[0048] In step (2), the length of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole extends from the inner wall of the tunnel to penetrate the high water pressure and strong seepage area; the diameter of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole is determined according to the actual situation and is 15cm.

[0049] In step (3), the discharge pipe is anchored close to the inner wall of the tunnel and extends along the top and side walls of the tunnel, with the two outlet ends extending to the bottom of the tunnel side walls, thereby discharging the water in the high water pressure infiltration area.

[0050] In step (3), the drainage tube and the discharge tube are made of composite fiber material with high structural strength and light weight; multiple openings penetrating the side wall are provided on the side wall of the drainage tube, and the openings are set to be inclined from the outside to the inside of the side wall and form an acute angle with the axis of the drainage tube.

[0051] In step (3), the one-way valve includes a valve body and a valve core. The valve body has a flow chamber and an outlet and an inlet connected thereto. The valve core is piston-shaped and can move repeatedly within the flow chamber, sealingly engaging with the outlet. The negative pressure mechanism is sealed to the two one-way valves through the sealing structure. The negative pressure mechanism is a micro pump. The negative pressure mechanism generates continuous negative pressure suction, which can timely, efficiently, and continuously drain the water from the drainage pipe and the discharge pipe. The one-way valve achieves one-way flow, preventing backflow of the water. This replaces the manual switch, eliminating the need for manual control of opening or closing, thus simplifying the operation. When the negative pressure mechanism is running, under the suction of the gas, the piston-shaped valve core moves towards the inlet and seals the inlet, achieving a seal. When the water is discharged, the negative pressure mechanism operates, causing the piston-shaped valve core to move towards the inlet. When it reaches the middle position of the valve body, the piston-shaped valve core reaches its maximum stroke and stops, without sealing the inlet. The entire system is connected, and finally, the water flows out.

[0052] In step (5), the detachable setting method is a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for preventing sudden inrush disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Extract rock and soil samples for testing, study the situation of complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, and obtain prediction and early warning of the sudden water inrush situation of the surrounding rock;

[0056] (2) Based on the actual geological conditions, dredging holes and reinforcing holes are drilled in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes are arranged in multiple rows along the tunnel depth direction, and each row has multiple holes. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes in each row are evenly spaced.

[0057] (3) Insert a drainage pipe into each of the unblocking holes and set multiple rows of discharge pipes arranged transversely to the tunnel depth direction on the inner wall of the tunnel. The drainage pipes are connected to the corresponding discharge pipes. A pressure drainage device is set at the outlet end of the discharge pipe. The pressure drainage device includes a negative pressure mechanism and one-way valves respectively set at the upstream and downstream of the negative pressure mechanism. The negative pressure mechanism is provided with a sealing structure.

[0058] (4) Grouting fluid is injected into the reinforcing hole to reinforce the complex geological area with high water pressure and strong permeability. After the grouting is completed, the reinforcing hole is sealed.

[0059] (5) An absorbent structure layer is detachably provided on the discharge pipe, which covers the entire dredging hole, reinforcing hole and the tunnel top area involved by the discharge pipe. The absorbent structure layer can quickly and massively absorb the water from complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong infiltration.

[0060] (6) Inspect the effectiveness of flood disaster prevention and control to ensure that the construction effect is achieved.

[0061] In step (1), the specific steps are as follows: monitor the distribution of rock veins, fault fracture zones and formation water in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, conduct advanced geological borehole water pressure tests, and extract rock and soil samples for stress tests and permeability tests; based on the monitoring data, establish a finite element model, predict geological inrush and calculate the inrush volume under different pressures, and then carry out dynamic prediction, seepage control and instability early warning forecast.

[0062] In step (2), the length of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole extends from the inner wall of the tunnel to penetrate the high water pressure and strong seepage area; the diameter of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole is determined according to the actual situation and is 13cm.

[0063] In step (3), the discharge pipe is anchored close to the inner wall of the tunnel and extends along the top and side walls of the tunnel, with the two outlet ends extending to the bottom of the tunnel side walls, thereby discharging the water in the high water pressure infiltration area.

[0064] In step (3), the drainage tube and the discharge tube are made of composite fiber material with high structural strength and light weight; multiple openings penetrating the side wall are provided on the side wall of the drainage tube, and the openings are set to be inclined from the outside to the inside of the side wall and form an acute angle with the axis of the drainage tube.

[0065] In step (3), the one-way valve includes a valve body and a valve core. The valve body has a flow chamber and an outlet and an inlet connected thereto. The valve core is piston-shaped and can move repeatedly within the flow chamber, sealingly engaging with the outlet. The negative pressure mechanism is sealed to the two one-way valves through the sealing structure. The negative pressure mechanism is a micro pump. The negative pressure mechanism generates continuous negative pressure suction, which can timely, efficiently, and continuously drain the water from the drainage pipe and the discharge pipe. The one-way valve achieves one-way flow, preventing backflow of the water. This replaces the manual switch, eliminating the need for manual control of opening or closing, thus simplifying the operation. When the negative pressure mechanism is running, under the suction of the gas, the piston-shaped valve core moves towards the inlet and seals the inlet, achieving a seal. When the water is discharged, the negative pressure mechanism operates, causing the piston-shaped valve core to move towards the inlet. When it reaches the middle position of the valve body, the piston-shaped valve core reaches its maximum stroke and stops, without sealing the inlet. The entire system is connected, and finally, the water flows out.

[0066] In step (5), the detachable connection method is Velcro.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] In this embodiment, the same method for preventing and controlling sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as in Embodiment 1 is adopted.

[0069] Furthermore, to further improve the technical effect of the present invention, in this embodiment, the drainage pipe and the discharge pipe, from the inside out, sequentially include a body structure layer, a structural reinforcement layer, and a surface reinforcement layer. The body structure layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts PE fiber, 35-45 parts graphene, 20-30 parts PVA, 32-36 parts nickel sulfate, and 15-20 parts polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber. The structural reinforcement layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts vinyl ester resin, 35-40 parts ceramic fiber, 15-20 parts PC plastic, 10-15 parts high-strength carbon fiber, and 8-10 parts tungsten carbide. The surface reinforcement layer includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts phenolic resin and 30-35 parts FRP fiberglass.

[0070] The preparation methods for the drainage tube and the discharge tube are as follows:

[0071] (1) Preparation of the body structure layer: After the above-mentioned components by weight are mixed evenly, the body structure layer with a three-dimensional braided structure is prepared by mechanical equipment;

[0072] (2) Preparation of structural reinforcement layer: After the above-mentioned components by weight are mixed evenly, they are continuously sprayed into the mold through a high-speed spinneret to form a structural reinforcement layer;

[0073] (3) Preparation of surface reinforcement layer: After the above-mentioned components by weight are mixed evenly, a mesh-like surface reinforcement layer is prepared by two-dimensional winding and lay-up fabric.

[0074] (4) Arrange the above layers from the inside out, and use the molten thermosetting resin to bond the above layers together.

[0075] In the fabrication of the drainage pipe, before attaching the surface reinforcement layer, holes are punched in the completed body structure layer and structural reinforcement layer to form the opening. A mesh-like surface reinforcement layer is provided outside the opening of the drainage pipe to prevent solid particles in the effluent from entering and clogging the opening, thus affecting the drainage effect.

[0076] The three-layer structure of the drainage and discharge pipes in this invention works synergistically to improve their overall performance, resulting in pipes with high load-bearing capacity, good rigidity, high strength, light weight, high temperature resistance, flame retardancy, oxidation resistance, and resistance to mechanical damage. They can be used for extended periods in acidic, alkaline, chloride-containing, and humid environments. They also exhibit good machinability, meeting design requirements. By combining different types of components, the structural strength and rigidity are specifically improved, and the composite material products have high molding efficiency.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] In this embodiment, the same method for preventing and controlling sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as in Embodiment 2 is adopted.

[0079] Furthermore, to further improve the technical effect of the present invention, in this embodiment, the absorbent structure layer is composed of a main absorbent layer and a substrate. The main absorbent layer is made of sodium polyacrylate fiber cloth with added N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, and the substrate is made of nylon elastic base fabric lining and kapok. The weight ratio of the sodium polyacrylate fiber cloth to N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide is 10:1, the weight ratio of the nylon elastic base fabric lining to kapok is 8:1, and the weight ratio of the main absorbent layer to the substrate is 7:3. The absorbent structure layer is prepared by the following steps:

[0080] (1) N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, sodium polyacrylate fiber and appropriate amount of warm water are mixed evenly to obtain a slurry, wherein the mass percentage concentration of sodium polyacrylate fiber in the slurry is 10-12%;

[0081] (2) The slurry is fed into the molding machine and the fiber cloth is obtained after molding;

[0082] (3) After the fiber cloth is dehydrated by the vacuum adsorption roller, it is bonded to the substrate made of nylon elastic base cloth and kapok to obtain a semi-finished product.

[0083] (4) The semi-finished product is compounded by three hydroentanglement bonding processes;

[0084] (5) The product in step (4) is dehydrated by dehydration rollers, rolled up and sorted, and finally dried and shaped to obtain the absorbent structure layer.

[0085] The basis weight of the absorbent structure layer is 180-200 g / m².

[0086] The sodium polyacrylate fiber has a diameter of 0.4 dtex-0.6 dtex and a length of 5-8 mm.

[0087] The absorbent structural layer prepared by this invention possesses properties such as rapid water absorption, excellent air permeability and moisture absorption, and good moisture retention. The N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide used is highly safe and enhances the aggregation and cross-linking effect of the absorbent structural layer. The absorbent structural layer prepared by this invention exhibits stable performance, improved flexibility, enhanced tensile elasticity, and increased liquid carrying capacity. It can rapidly absorb large amounts of water, further reducing the destructive impact on the internal structure of tunnels in complex geological conditions with high water pressure and strong seepage, thus ensuring construction safety. Furthermore, its detachable design facilitates construction and replacement, ensuring long-term effectiveness in preventing and controlling water inrush.

[0088] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the prevention and control method of the present invention adopts a combined approach of dredging and blocking, which can improve the standardization and feasibility of prevention and control of sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage, effectively guarantee the treatment effect, and reduce the possibility of subsequent sudden surge disasters.

[0089] This invention employs a method of evenly spaced dredging holes and reinforcing holes, which achieves both dredging and blocking treatment. Furthermore, because this method reduces the number of grouting holes used in existing technologies, it significantly reduces the amount of grout required for grouting reinforcement, saving costs and reducing construction difficulty. This approach ensures the effectiveness of controlling sudden surge disasters while accelerating the construction period, achieving twice the result with half the effort.

[0090] The drainage and discharge pipes in this invention are lightweight and high-strength, ensuring drainage while simultaneously strengthening the geological structure of the tunnel, providing dual protection. Furthermore, this design, combined with the grouting fluid solidified in the reinforcing holes, achieves structural reinforcement of complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong permeability, resulting in excellent prevention of sudden surge disasters. The pressure drainage device can rapidly and thoroughly drain water from the geological structure, effectively preventing the sudden occurrence of surge disasters.

[0091] The absorbent structure layer of this invention can quickly absorb a large amount of water, further reducing the destructive impact on the internal structure of tunnels in complex geological conditions with high water pressure and strong seepage, thus ensuring construction safety. At the same time, its detachable design facilitates construction and replacement, ensuring long-term prevention and control effects.

[0092] The method of this invention can dynamically predict and comprehensively control the sudden surge disaster in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage, and provides economical, safe and reasonable comprehensive prevention and control measures, thereby improving the technical level of rational design, safe construction and comprehensive prevention and control of sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage.

[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage, comprising the following steps: (1) Extract rock and soil samples for testing, study the situation of complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, and obtain prediction and early warning of the sudden water inrush situation of the surrounding rock; (2) Based on the actual geological conditions, dredging holes and reinforcing holes are drilled in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes are arranged in multiple rows along the tunnel depth direction, and each row has multiple holes. The dredging holes and reinforcing holes in each row are evenly spaced. (3) Insert a drainage pipe into each dredging hole and set multiple rows of discharge pipes on the inner wall of the tunnel along the transverse direction of the tunnel depth. The drainage pipe is connected to the corresponding discharge pipe. A pressure drainage device is set at the outlet end of the discharge pipe. The pressure drainage device includes a negative pressure mechanism and one-way valves set at the upstream and downstream of the negative pressure mechanism. The negative pressure mechanism is equipped with a sealing structure. The drainage and discharge pipes are made of high-strength, lightweight composite fiber materials. Multiple openings penetrating the sidewalls of the drainage pipes are arranged, sloping from the outside to the inside of the sidewalls at an acute angle to the axis of the drainage pipe. From the inside out, the drainage and discharge pipes consist of a main structural layer, a structural reinforcement layer, and a surface reinforcement layer. The main structural layer comprises the following components by weight: 20-30 parts PE fiber, 35-45 parts graphene, 20-30 parts PVA, 32-36 parts nickel sulfate, and 15-20 parts polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber. The structural reinforcement layer comprises the following components by weight: 20-25 parts vinyl ester resin, 35-40 parts ceramic fiber, 15-20 parts PC plastic, 10-15 parts high-strength carbon fiber, and 8-10 parts tungsten carbide. The surface reinforcement layer comprises the following components by weight: 20-25 parts phenolic resin. FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) 30-35; Preparation method of drainage pipe and discharge pipe: a. Preparation of the main body structural layer: After uniformly mixing the above-mentioned components by weight, the main body structural layer with a three-dimensional braided structure is prepared by mechanical equipment; b. Preparation of the structural reinforcement layer: After uniformly mixing the above-mentioned components by weight, the components are continuously sprayed into a mold by a high-speed spinneret to form a structural reinforcement layer; c. Preparation of the surface reinforcement layer: After uniformly mixing the above-mentioned components by weight, a mesh-like surface reinforcement layer is prepared by two-dimensional winding and layering fabric; d. The above layers are arranged from the inside to the outside and bonded together by molten thermosetting resin; When preparing the drainage pipe, before bonding the surface reinforcement layer, holes are punched in the bonded main body structural layer and structural reinforcement layer to form openings; a mesh-like surface reinforcement layer is provided on the outside of the opening of the drainage pipe; (4) Grouting fluid is injected into the reinforcing hole to strengthen the complex geological area with high water pressure and strong permeability. After the grouting is completed, the reinforcing hole is sealed. (5) An absorbent structure layer is detachably installed on the discharge pipe, which covers the entire dredging hole, reinforcing hole and the tunnel top area involved in the discharge pipe. The absorbent structure layer can quickly and massively absorb the water from complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong infiltration. (6) Inspect the effectiveness of flood disaster prevention and control to ensure that the construction effect is achieved.

2. The method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the specific steps are as follows: monitor the distribution of rock veins, fault fracture zones and formation water in complex geological areas with high water pressure and strong permeability, conduct advanced geological borehole water pressure tests, and extract rock and soil samples for stress tests and permeability tests; based on the monitoring data, establish a finite element model, predict geological inrush and calculate the inrush volume under different pressures, and then carry out dynamic prediction, seepage control and instability early warning forecast.

3. The method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the length of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole extends from the inner wall of the tunnel to penetrate the high water pressure and strong seepage area; the diameter of the unblocking hole and the reinforcing hole is determined according to the actual situation, usually 11-15cm.

4. The method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the discharge pipe is anchored close to the inner wall of the tunnel and extends along the top and side walls of the tunnel, with the two outlet ends extending to the bottom of the tunnel side walls, thereby discharging the water in the high water pressure infiltration area.

5. The method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), the one-way valve includes a valve body and a valve core. The valve body is provided with a flow cavity and an outlet and an inlet connected thereto. The valve core is piston-shaped and can move repeatedly in the flow cavity and is sealed with the outlet. The negative pressure mechanism is sealed to the two one-way valves respectively through the sealing structure. The negative pressure mechanism is a micro pump.

6. The method for preventing sudden surge disasters in complex geological tunnels with high water pressure and strong seepage as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In step (5), the detachable connection methods include bolt connection, snap connection or Velcro connection.