Antennas and terminals

Abstract

This application provides an antenna and a terminal. The antenna includes a first element, a second element, and an adjustable reactance element. The first element receives an excitation current through an electrical connection with an antenna feed line; the second element generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction by the first element. The adjustable reactance element is disposed at one end of the first element near a reference plane, and / or, the adjustable reactance element is disposed at one end of the second element near the reference plane; the reference plane has its origin at the connection point between the first element and the antenna feed line and is perpendicular to the axis of the first element. The adjustable reactance element has an adjustable reactance value, used to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, and the phase difference is related to the target angle radiated by the antenna. This application embodiment achieves arbitrary beam pointing of the antenna radiation as specified by the user, while also satisfying the characteristics of a small size and low profile antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna and a terminal. Background Art

[0002] With the gradual improvement of antenna technology, the type of indoor wireless-fidelity (WI-FI) antennas has begun to change and develop from omnidirectional antennas to smart antennas. Generally, smart antennas can focus the radiation energy in the direction of the user according to the user's location, instead of being fixed and uniformly covered in all directions like omnidirectional antennas.

[0003] like Figure 1a As shown, the smart antenna includes: an oscillator connected to the antenna feeder (usually, the oscillator connected to the antenna feeder is called an active oscillator, Figure 1a The active vibrator is used as an example), the passive sensing unit arranged around the active vibrator, and the control circuit ( Figure 1a ), at least one electronic switch and a grounding plate, wherein the passive induction unit includes at least one vibrator (usually, a vibrator not connected to an antenna feeder is referred to as a passive vibrator, Figure 1a Two passive vibrators are used as an illustration), and an electronic switch is provided between each passive vibrator and the grounding plate. The control circuit can control the on-off state of the passive vibrator and the grounding plate by controlling the on-off state of the electronic switch.

[0004] like Figure 1b As shown, the smart antenna includes: a vibrator connected to the antenna feeder (same as above, Figure 1b The active vibrator is used as an example), the passive sensing unit arranged around the active vibrator, and the control circuit ( Figure 1b ) and at least one electronic switch, wherein the passive induction unit includes at least one vibrator (same as above, Figure 1b Two passive vibrators are used as an illustration), an electronic switch is provided between the upper arm and the lower arm of each passive vibrator, and the control circuit can control the change of the resonant length of the passive induction unit itself by controlling the on and off state of the electronic switch.

[0005] Generally, by controlling the connection or disconnection between the passive induction unit and the ground plane, or by adjusting the change of the resonant length of the passive induction unit itself, it is possible to control whether the passive induction unit generates an induced current, thereby realizing the directional radiation of the smart antenna. Specifically, when the passive induction unit does not generate an induced current, the radiation pattern of the smart antenna is an omnidirectional mode. When the passive induction unit generates an induced current, the passive induction unit plays a role of reflection or guidance, so that the radiation pattern of the smart antenna becomes a directional mode.

[0006] However, only by placing more passive oscillators in different directions around the active oscillator can the actual need for directional modes of smart antennas in different directions be realized, which easily leads to the increase in the size of smart antennas. And as the WI-FI standard 802.11ac is developing towards the WI-FI standard 802.11ax, the WI-FI standard 802.11ac supports 4*4 MIMO, and 4 antennas need to be placed on the terminal. The WI-FI standard 802.11ax supports 8*8 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, and 8 antennas need to be placed on the terminal, which also easily leads to the increase in the size of the smart antenna on the terminal.

[0007] Therefore, in order to place more smart antennas in the limited space of the terminal, a small-sized and low-profile smart antenna is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present application provides an antenna and a terminal, which are used to realize that the beam of antenna radiation is pointed in an arbitrary direction specified by the user, and meet the requirements of small size and low profile, so that the terminal can place more antennas in a limited space, so that the receiving performance of the terminal meets actual needs.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna, comprising: a first oscillator, a second oscillator and an adjustable reactance element;

[0010] The first oscillator receives the excitation current through the electrical connection with the antenna feed line; the second oscillator generates the induced current through the electromagnetic induction of the first oscillator;

[0011] The reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the first dipole close to the reference plane, and / or the reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the second dipole close to the reference plane; the reference plane takes the connection point between the first dipole and the antenna feeder as the origin and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first dipole;

[0012] The reactance adjustable element has an adjustable reactance value for adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, and the phase difference is associated with the target angle of the antenna radiation.

[0013] Through the antenna provided in the first aspect, the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element can be changed according to the direction required by the user, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first vibrator and the induced current generated by the second vibrator, so as to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In this way, the antenna including only two vibrators and the reactance adjustable element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and achieves the beam pointing of the antenna radiation to any orientation specified by the user.

[0014] In one possible design, the correlation between the phase difference and the target angle is determined according to Formula 1;

[0015]

[0016] in, is the directional function of the array formed by the first vibrator and the second vibrator, is the unit factor function, is the array factor function, k = 2π / λ is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave, d is the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator, is the target angle, and ζ is the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

[0017] In a possible design, the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element is associated with the phase difference, and the associated relationship between the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the phase difference is represented by a complex matrix S, and the complex matrix S is determined by Formula 2:

[0018]

[0019] Where jX = j(X L -X C ) is the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, is the capacitive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, X L =ωL is the inductive reactance of the adjustable reactance element, L is the inductance of the adjustable reactance element, C is the capacitance of the adjustable reactance element, w is the angular frequency, R 0 is the characteristic impedance.

[0020] In a possible design, the phase difference is also associated with the length of the antenna and the distance between the first dipole and the second dipole.

[0021] Through the antenna provided in the first aspect, the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element and the distance between the first vibrator and the second vibrator can be changed simultaneously according to the direction required by the user, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first vibrator and the induced current generated by the second vibrator, so as to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In this way, the antenna including only two vibrators and the reactance adjustable element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and achieves the beam pointing of the antenna radiation to any orientation specified by the user.

[0022] In a possible design, the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator is d, wherein 0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ, and λ is the free space wavelength.

[0023] In a possible design, the first dipole and the second dipole are both monopole antennas;

[0024] The reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the second dipole and the ground plate.

[0025] In one possible design, the first element is a dipole antenna, and the second element is a monopole antenna;

[0026] The reactance adjustable element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the grounding plate.

[0027] In a possible design, the phase difference is also associated with the distance between the antenna and the ground plane and the size of the ground plane.

[0028] Through the antenna provided in the first aspect, the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element and the distance between the antenna and the ground plane can be changed simultaneously according to the direction required by the user, or the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element and the size of the ground plane can be changed simultaneously, or the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element, the distance between the antenna and the ground plane and the size of the ground plane can be changed simultaneously, so as to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first vibrator and the induced current generated by the second vibrator, so as to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In this way, the antenna including only two vibrators and the reactance adjustable element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes that the beam of the antenna radiation is pointed to any orientation specified by the user.

[0029] In a possible design, the first dipole element and the second dipole element are both dipole antennas;

[0030] The reactance adjustable element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between two arms of the second oscillator.

[0031] In one possible design, the first element is a monopole antenna, and the second element is a dipole antenna;

[0032] The reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between two arms of the second dipole.

[0033] In one possible design, the antenna further includes: a control module and an electronic switch;

[0034] The electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module is connected to the adjustment end of the adjustable reactance element and the control end of the electronic switch respectively;

[0035] The control module is used to change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the on / off state of the electronic switch.

[0036] Through the antenna provided by the first aspect, the electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator. The control module turns on the electronic switch so that the second vibrator cannot generate an induced current, thereby realizing the omnidirectional radiation of the antenna. The control module then closes the electronic switch and adjusts the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to actual needs, thereby realizing the radiation of the target angle of the antenna. Furthermore, the setting of the control module and the electronic switch can flexibly realize the omnidirectional radiation and fixed-line radiation of the antenna to meet various actual needs.

[0037] In one possible design, the reactive adjustable element includes a capacitor and / or an inductor.

[0038] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, comprising an antenna fixing component and at least one antenna as described in the first aspect, wherein the antenna is arranged on the antenna fixing component.

[0039] The antenna and terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application are configured to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first vibrator and the induced current generated by the second vibrator by changing the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element according to the direction required by the user by setting the reactance adjustable element at one end of the first vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the reactance adjustable element at one end of the second vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the reactance adjustable element at both ends of the first vibrator close to the reference plane, so as to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna including only two vibrators and the reactance adjustable element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes that the beam of the antenna radiation is directed to any orientation specified by the user, and the terminal can place more antennas in a limited space, so that its own transmission performance meets the actual needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1a is a structural schematic diagram of an antenna;

[0041] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna;

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3a1 A schematic diagram of the beam direction of antenna radiation provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 3b1 A schematic diagram of the beam direction of antenna radiation provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3a2 A schematic diagram of the beam direction of antenna radiation provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 3b2 A schematic diagram of the beam direction of antenna radiation provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 3c2 A schematic diagram of the beam direction of antenna radiation provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4a A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 4c A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 4d A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna and a terminal, which can achieve the goal of small size and low profile of the antenna while pointing the beam radiated by the antenna in an arbitrary direction specified by the user. It has the characteristics of low cost and space saving, and can be applied to full-duplex communication systems, as well as MIMO antennas, and any other possible application scenarios.

[0055] In order to meet the demands of small size and low profile of the antenna, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna and a terminal, by setting an adjustable reactance element at one end of the active vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the adjustable reactance element at one end of the passive vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the adjustable reactance element at both the end of the active vibrator close to the reference plane and the end of the passive vibrator close to the reference plane, and then, by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, the phase difference between the excitation current received by the active vibrator and the induced current generated by the passive vibrator can be adjusted to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In this way, the antenna including the active vibrator, the passive vibrator and the adjustable reactance element not only has the characteristics of small size and low profile, but also realizes that the beam of the antenna radiation is pointed to an arbitrary direction specified by the user, and more antennas can be placed in the limited space of the terminal, so that the transmission performance of the terminal meets actual needs.

[0056] The terminal includes but is not limited to a router, an optical network terminal (ONT) and a wireless access point (AP).

[0057] Below, taking the first vibrator as an active vibrator and the second vibrator as a passive vibrator as an example, the technical solution of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application is described in combination with the drawings in the embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the antenna includes: a first oscillator, a second oscillator and an adjustable reactance element.

[0059] The first oscillator receives the excitation current through the electrical connection with the antenna feeding line; the second oscillator generates the induced current through the electromagnetic induction of the first oscillator.

[0060] The reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the first oscillator close to the reference plane, and / or the reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane; the reference plane takes the connection point between the first oscillator and the antenna feeder as the origin and is perpendicular to the axis of the first oscillator.

[0061] The reactance adjustable element has an adjustable reactance value for adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current, and the phase difference is associated with the target angle of the antenna radiation.

[0062] It should be noted that the reference plane is a virtual plane and can be of any shape, size, and position. The present application embodiment does not limit this. It only needs to ensure that the origin of the reference plane is the connection point between the first vibrator and the antenna feeder and is perpendicular to the axis of the first vibrator. In addition, the present application embodiment does not limit the relative position of the first vibrator and the second vibrator. It only needs to satisfy that the first vibrator and the second vibrator are parallel to each other.

[0063] For ease of explanation, Figure 2 The antenna feed line is connected to the lower end of the first vibrator, the reference plane is a horizontal plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the first vibrator and located below the first vibrator, the origin of the reference plane is the connection point between the antenna feed line and the first vibrator, and the first vibrator and the second vibrator are arranged flush as an example, to illustrate the specific implementation form of the antenna in the embodiment of the present application.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the first vibrator can receive the excitation current on the antenna feeder line by being electrically connected to the antenna feeder line. As the excitation current changes, the magnetic field around the first vibrator changes, so that the second vibrator can generate an induced current under the electromagnetic induction of the first vibrator.

[0065] Those skilled in the art can understand that the first vibrator and the second vibrator can form an antenna array, that is, a binary array, and the first vibrator and the second vibrator are array elements in the binary array. According to the antenna array theory, in a plane, the correlation between the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current and the target angle can be determined by formula 1.

[0066]

[0067] in, is the directional pattern function of the binary array, is the unit factor function, is the array factor function, k = 2π / λ is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave, d is the distance between the first oscillator and the second oscillator, is the target angle, and ζ is the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

[0068] In formula 1, the directional pattern function of the binary array is It consists of two parts. One part is the antenna's own pattern function, that is, the unit factor function. The other part is the array factor function Usually, the antenna's directional pattern has an E plane and an H plane. In general, the E plane refers to the directional pattern section parallel to the electric field direction, and the H plane refers to the directional pattern section parallel to the magnetic field direction. Since the H plane of a monopole antenna and a dipole antenna is omnidirectional, the array factor function is approximately 1, so the directional pattern function of the binary array Mainly composed of array factor function Decision, that is

[0069] When d = λ / 4, the following combination Figure 3a1-Figure 3b1 By adjusting the value range of the phase difference ζ, the beam direction of the antenna radiation is indicated.

[0070] When ζ = -π / 2, the array factor function becomes Specifically, if Then the electromagnetic waves radiated by the two array elements to the far field are added in phase and have the maximum intensity. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the two array elements to the far field are in opposite phases and subtract from each other, and the intensity is minimal. Therefore, the beam radiated by the antenna points along the axis. direction, such as Figure 3a1 .

[0071] When ζ = π / 2, the array factor function becomes Specifically, if Then the electromagnetic waves radiated to the far field by the two array elements are in opposite phases and subtract from each other, and the intensity is minimum. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the two array elements to the far field are added in phase, and the intensity is maximum. Therefore, the beam radiated by the antenna points along the axis direction, such as Figure 3b1 .

[0072] In addition, below, combined Figure 3a2-Figure 3c2 By adjusting the value range of the phase difference ζ, the beam direction of the antenna radiation is indicated. Figure 3a1-Figure 3b1 The difference is that the phase difference ζ has no correlation with the spacing d, that is, there is no need to set d=λ / 4.

[0073] When ζ>π or ζ<-π, that is, ζ=π+deta or ζ=-π-deta, deta>0, the array factor function becomes or The beam radiated by the antenna is pointed as Figure 3a2 shown.

[0074] When ζ=π or ζ=-π, the array factor function becomes or The beam radiated by the antenna is pointed as Figure 3b2 shown.

[0075] When ζ<π or ζ>-π, that is, ζ=π-deta or ζ=-π+deta, deta>0, the array factor function becomes or The beam radiated by the antenna is pointed as Figure 3c2 shown.

[0076] Furthermore, since the directional pattern function of the binary array It can show the beam direction of the antenna radiation, and when the phase difference ζ changes, the directivity function of the binary array will also change accordingly, therefore, the phase difference ζ changes and the beam direction of the antenna radiation changes.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, after any current passes through the adjustable reactance element, the amplitude and phase of the current can be determined by the complex matrix S in formula 2.

[0078]

[0079] Where jX = j(X L -X C ) is the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, is the capacitive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, X L =ωL is the inductive reactance of the adjustable reactance element, L is the inductance of the adjustable reactance element, C is the capacitance of the adjustable reactance element, w is the angular frequency, R0 is the characteristic impedance.

[0080] Usually, the amplitude of the complex matrix S can be used to calculate the change in amplitude before and after the current passes through the adjustable reactance element, and the phase of the complex matrix S can be used to calculate the change in phase before and after the current passes through the adjustable reactance element. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the adjustable reactance element can be set at one end of the first oscillator close to the reference plane, and / or at one end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane, by welding or wire connection. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection method.

[0081] On the one hand, the reactance adjustable element can be arranged at one end of the first oscillator close to the reference plane. When the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element changes, the phase of the excitation current will change accordingly, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

[0082] On the other hand, the reactance adjustable element can also be set at one end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane. Then, when the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element changes, the phase of the induced current will change accordingly, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

[0083] On the other hand, the adjustable reactance element can also be simultaneously arranged at one end of the first oscillator close to the reference plane and at another end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane. Then, the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element changes, and the phase of the excitation current and the phase of the induced current will change accordingly, thereby adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

[0084] Further, according to the complex matrix S in formula 2, it can be determined that the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element is associated with the phase difference. And according to formula 1, it can be determined that the phase difference is associated with the target angle of antenna radiation, therefore, by changing the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element, the beam direction of the antenna radiation can be changed. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, according to the direction required by the user, the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element can be adjusted so that the target angle of the antenna radiation is oriented in the direction required by the user, thereby, for an antenna including only two oscillators and a reactance adjustable element, not only is the size small and the profile low, but also the beam direction of the antenna radiation can meet any orientation specified by the user.

[0085] The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to adjust the phase difference between the excitation current received by the first vibrator and the induced current generated by the second vibrator by changing the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element according to the direction required by the user by setting the reactance adjustable element at one end of the first vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the reactance adjustable element at one end of the second vibrator close to the reference plane, or setting the reactance adjustable element at both ends of the first vibrator close to the reference plane, so as to achieve the target angle of the antenna radiation pointing to the direction required by the user. In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna including only two vibrators and the reactance adjustable element has the characteristics of small size and low profile, and realizes that the beam of the antenna radiation is directed to any orientation specified by the user, and the terminal can place more antennas in a limited space, so that its own transmission performance meets the actual needs.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, since the induced current is generated when the electromagnetic wave generated by the first vibrator propagates to the second vibrator, there is a natural phase difference ζ1 between the phase of the induced current and the phase of the excitation current on the first vibrator, and the phase difference ζ1 is related to the distance d between the first vibrator and the second vibrator. According to Formula 1, it can be determined that the phase difference is associated with the length of the antenna and the distance d between the first vibrator and the second vibrator.

[0087] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, by simultaneously changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the spacing d between the first vibrator and the second vibrator, the phase difference ζ between the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted. Wherein, ζ=ζ1+ζ2, ζ1 is the phase difference caused by the change of the spacing d, and ζ2 is the phase difference caused by the change of the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element. Thus, when the phase difference ζ changes, the target angle of the antenna radiation can be the direction required by the user, so that the beam radiated by the antenna is directed to any orientation specified by the user.

[0088] Furthermore, when the electromagnetic wave generated by the first vibrator propagates to the second vibrator, if the second vibrator is open to the ground and its size does not meet the half-wavelength resonance condition, no induced current will be generated on the second vibrator. If the second vibrator is short-circuited to the ground, according to the mirror principle, the size of the second vibrator meets the half-wavelength resonance condition, and the second vibrator will generate an induced current. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can set the size of the spacing d between the first vibrator and the second vibrator. In general, 0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ, where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0089] In the embodiment of the present application, the first oscillator and the second oscillator in the antenna may be of multiple types, such as a monopole antenna and a dipole antenna.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will understand that a monopole antenna is a vertical antenna with a quarter wavelength, which is mounted on a ground plane. The ground plane may be a metal plate, or may be a copper sheet on a PCB, which is not limited in the present application. The feeding of the monopole antenna is carried out through an antenna feed line (i.e., a coaxial cable). Therefore, if Figure 1a As shown in the figure, the active oscillator is connected to the antenna feeder, and the passive oscillator is connected to the ground plane. In addition, the dipole antenna is composed of two coaxial straight wires, and the dipole antenna has two arms of equal length, namely the upper arm and the lower arm. The feeding of the dipole antenna is carried out through the antenna feeder (i.e., the coaxial cable). Therefore, Figure 1b As shown, the upper arm and the lower arm of the active dipole are both connected to the antenna feed line, and the two arms of the passive dipole are connected to each other.

[0091] Next, combine Figure 4a-4d , four implementation methods are used to describe in detail the specific types of the first vibrator and the second vibrator.

[0092] In a feasible implementation, the first dipole and the second dipole are both monopole antennas. The reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feeder; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the second dipole and the ground plane.

[0093] like Figure 4a When the first dipole and the second dipole are both monopole antennas, the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series between the second dipole and the ground plane, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line and between the second dipole and the ground plane.

[0094] If only an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line, the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0095] If only an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate, the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0096] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line and between the second dipole and the ground plate, the phase of the excitation current and the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0097] In another feasible implementation, the first oscillator is a dipole antenna, the second oscillator is a monopole antenna, the reactance adjustable element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first oscillator, and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plane.

[0098] like Figure 4b When the first oscillator is a dipole antenna and the second oscillator is a monopole antenna, the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series at one end of the upper arm of the first oscillator close to the reference plane, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series at one end of the lower arm of the first oscillator close to the reference plane, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series at one end of both arms of the first oscillator close to the reference plane, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series between the second oscillator and the grounding plate, or the reactance adjustable element can be connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator and between the second oscillator and the grounding plate.

[0099] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series only on at least one arm of the first oscillator, the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0100] If only an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the second oscillator and the ground plate, the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0101] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first vibrator and between the second vibrator and the ground plate, the phase of the excitation current and the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0102] In the above two feasible implementations, since the antenna includes a ground plane, and the position and size of the ground plane affect the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current. That is, the phase difference is also associated with the distance between the antenna and the ground plane and the size of the ground plane. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the phase difference ζ between the excitation current and the induced current can be adjusted by simultaneously changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, the distance between the antenna and the ground plane, and the size of the ground plane, or by simultaneously changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the size of the ground plane while keeping the distance between the antenna and the ground plane unchanged, or by simultaneously changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the distance between the antenna and the ground plane while keeping the size of the ground plane unchanged.

[0103] In another feasible implementation, the first dipole and the second dipole are both dipole antennas. The reactance adjustable element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first dipole; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between two arms of the second dipole.

[0104] like Figure 4c When the first dipole and the second dipole are both dipole antennas, an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series to an end of the upper arm of the first dipole close to the reference plane, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series to an end of the lower arm of the first dipole close to the reference plane, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series to ends of both arms of the first dipole close to the reference plane, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the two arms of the second dipole, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series on at least one arm of the first dipole and between the two arms of the second dipole.

[0105] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series only on at least one arm of the first oscillator, the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0106] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series only between the two arms of the second oscillator, the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0107] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series on at least one arm of the first oscillator and between the two arms of the second oscillator, the phase of the excitation current and the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0108] In another feasible implementation, the first dipole is a monopole antenna, the second dipole is a dipole antenna, the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feeder, and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between two arms of the second dipole.

[0109] like Figure 4d When the first dipole is a monopole antenna and the second dipole is a dipole antenna, an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the two arms of the second dipole, or an adjustable reactance element may be connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line and between the two arms of the second dipole.

[0110] If only an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line, the phase of the excitation current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0111] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series only between the two arms of the second oscillator, the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0112] If an adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line and between the two arms of the second dipole, the phase of the excitation current and the phase of the induced current can be adjusted by changing the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes accordingly, thereby changing the target angle of antenna radiation.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, as the capacitance value changes, the capacitive reactance value changes accordingly, and as the inductance value changes, the inductive reactance value changes accordingly, and according to Formula 2, it is obtained that both the capacitance and the inductance can change the phase of the current, that is, the phase shift amount of the current caused by different capacitance values ​​is different, and the phase shift amount of the current caused by different inductance values ​​is different, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes. Therefore, the reactance adjustable element may include a capacitor and / or an inductor.

[0114] Specifically, the reactance adjustable element may be any series-parallel form of at least one capacitor and / or at least one inductor, and may include: one adjustable capacitor, multiple capacitors connected in series, multiple capacitors connected in parallel, one adjustable inductor, multiple inductors connected in series, multiple inductors connected in parallel, a series form of at least one capacitor and at least one inductor, a parallel form of at least one capacitor and at least one inductor, etc. The types and numbers of capacitors and inductors are not limited.

[0115] In a specific embodiment, the distance d between the first oscillator and the second oscillator in the antenna remains unchanged, that is, d=λ / 4, and only an adjustable capacitor is set at one end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane. Therefore, the natural phase difference ζ1 between the induced current and the excitation current remains unchanged, and the capacitance of the adjustable capacitor changes, and the phase ζ2 of the induced current changes accordingly, so that the phase difference ζ=ζ1+ζ2 between the excitation current and the induced current changes, thereby adjusting the beam direction of the antenna radiation.

[0116] Specifically, when ζ1 = -π / 2, if the capacitance value C = infinity so that ζ2 = 0, then ζ = -π / 2, and the beam points along the axis direction, such as Figure 3a1; If the capacitance C makes ζ2 = π, then ζ = π / 2, and the beam points along the axis direction, such as Figure 3b1 .

[0117] In another specific embodiment, the phase difference ζ between the excitation current and the induced current has no correlation with the distance d between the first vibrator and the second vibrator. By setting an adjustable capacitor at one end of the second vibrator close to the reference plane, the capacitance of the adjustable capacitor changes, so that the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes, thereby adjusting the beam direction of the antenna radiation.

[0118] Specifically, if the capacitance C = infinity so that ζ = -π / 2, the beam points along the axis direction, such as Figure 3c2 ; If the capacitance C is such that ζ = π, then the beam is perpendicular to the axis. direction, such as Figure 3b2 ; If the capacitance C is such that ζ = 2π, then the beam points along the axis direction, such as Figure 3a2 .

[0119] In addition, in an embodiment of the present application, the antenna may also include an active antenna, multiple passive antennas and an adjustable reactance element. The adjustable reactance element may be arranged at one end of the active oscillator close to the reference plane, and / or the adjustable reactance element may be arranged at one end of at least one passive oscillator close to the reference plane.

[0120] Specifically, the adjustable reactance element can be set at one end of the active oscillator close to the reference plane, or the adjustable reactance element can be set at one end of at least one passive oscillator close to the reference plane, or the adjustable reactance element can be set at both one end of the active oscillator close to the reference plane and one end of at least one passive oscillator close to the reference plane.

[0121] Among them, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of passive antennas.

[0122] Furthermore, by changing the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element, the sum of the phase differences between the excitation current received by the active vibrator and the induced currents generated by the multiple passive vibrators is changed, so that the target angle of the antenna radiation can be directed to the direction required by the user. In this way, the beam radiated by the antenna including an active vibrator, multiple passive vibrators and the reactance adjustable element can be directed to any orientation specified by the user, and the setting of multiple passive antennas can effectively improve the transmission performance of the antenna and the terminal including the antenna.

[0123] The antenna comprising an active vibrator, a plurality of passive vibrators and an adjustable reactance element is Figure 2-The antenna in the embodiment of Figure 4 includes an active vibrator, a passive vibrator and an adjustable reactance element. The specific implementation principle of the antenna can make the target angle of radiation point to the direction required by the user as the adjustable reactance element changes. This embodiment of the present application will not be repeated in detail.

[0124] For example, in Figure 5 Based on the illustrated embodiment, an embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 2 The difference is that the antenna in the embodiment of the present application further includes: a control module ( Figure 5 Not shown) and electronic switches.

[0125] The electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module is connected to the adjustment end ( Figure 5 not shown) and the control terminal of the electronic switch ( Figure 5 ) connection.

[0126] The control module is used to change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the on / off state of the electronic switch.

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, since the reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the second oscillator close to the reference plane, and the electronic switch is connected in series with the second oscillator, the electronic switch can be connected in series between the second oscillator and the reactance adjustable element, or the electronic switch can sequentially connect the reactance adjustable element and the second oscillator, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, the control module can adjust the reactance value of the reactance adjustable element by connecting with the reactance adjustable element. The control module can also control the open or closed state of the electronic switch by connecting with the electronic switch.

[0128] When the antenna is required to achieve omnidirectional radiation, the control module can disconnect the electronic switch so that the second vibrator cannot meet the resonance condition and the second vibrator cannot generate an induced current. In this way, the antenna containing only the first vibrator can radiate omnidirectionally.

[0129] When the antenna is required to radiate at a target angle, the control module can adjust the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to the direction specified by the user, and the control module closes the electronic switch so that the second vibrator meets the resonance condition, and the second vibrator generates an induced current. Since the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current changes with the change of the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, the antenna can radiate at the target angle to achieve directional radiation of the antenna.

[0130] Among them, the control module can be an integrated chip or an integrated circuit composed of multiple components. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the models of the control module and the electronic switch.

[0131] The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is connected in series with the second vibrator through an electronic switch. The control module turns on the electronic switch so that the second vibrator cannot generate an induced current, thereby realizing the omnidirectional radiation of the antenna. The control module then closes the electronic switch and adjusts the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element according to actual needs, thereby realizing the radiation of the target angle of the antenna. Furthermore, the setting of the control module and the electronic switch can flexibly realize the omnidirectional radiation and fixed-line radiation of the antenna to meet various actual needs.

[0132] For example, in FIG1- Figure 5 Based on the illustrated embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a terminal. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the terminal 10 of the embodiment of the present application may include: an antenna fixing component 11 and at least one antenna 12, and the antenna 12 is arranged on the antenna fixing component 11. The structure of the antenna 12 can be seen in FIG. Figure 5 The description in the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0133] The terminal provided in this embodiment may be a communication terminal such as an AP, an ONT, or a router.

[0134] The above implementation methods, structural schematic diagrams or simulation schematic diagrams are only for schematic illustration of the technical solution of the present application. The dimensional ratios and simulation values ​​therein do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the technical solution. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above implementation methods should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: A first oscillator, a second oscillator and an adjustable reactance element, wherein the first oscillator is an active oscillator and the second oscillator is a passive oscillator; The first vibrator receives the excitation current through the electrical connection with the antenna feeder line; the second vibrator generates the induced current through the electromagnetic induction of the first vibrator; The reactance adjustable element is arranged at one end of the first dipole close to the reference plane, and at one end of the second dipole close to the reference plane; the reference plane takes the connection point between the first dipole and the antenna feeder as the origin and is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first dipole; The adjustable reactance element has an adjustable reactance value for adjusting the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current. The reactance value of the adjustable reactance element is associated with the phase difference, and the phase difference is associated with the target angle of radiation of the antenna.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The correlation between the phase difference and the target angle is determined according to the following formula: F(φ)=f element (f) f array (f); Wherein, F(φ) is the directional function of the array formed by the first vibrator and the second vibrator, f element (φ) is the unit factor function, f array (φ) is the array factor function, f array (φ)=cos((kdcosφ+ζ) / 2), k=2π / λ is the wave number of the electromagnetic wave, d is the distance between the first vibrator and the second vibrator, φ is the target angle, and ζ is the phase difference between the excitation current and the induced current.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The correlation between the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the phase difference is represented by a complex matrix S, and the complex matrix S is determined by the following formula: ； in, is the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, is the capacitive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, is the inductive reactance value of the adjustable reactance element, L is the inductance value of the adjustable reactance element, C is the capacitance value of the adjustable reactance element, w is the angular frequency, and R0 is the characteristic impedance.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The phase difference is also associated with the length of the antenna and the distance between the first dipole and the second dipole.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between the first vibrator and the second vibrator is d, wherein 0.15λ≤d≤0.5λ, and λ is the free space wavelength.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The first oscillator and the second oscillator are both monopole antennas; The reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the second dipole and a ground plane.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The first oscillator is a dipole antenna, and the second oscillator is a monopole antenna; The adjustable reactance element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first vibrator; and / or the adjustable reactance element is connected in series between the second vibrator and a grounding plate.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The phase difference is also associated with the distance between the antenna and the ground plane and the size of the ground plane.

9. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The phase difference is also associated with the distance between the antenna and the ground plane and the size of the ground plane.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The first oscillator and the second oscillator are both dipole antennas; The adjustable reactance element is connected in series to at least one arm of the first oscillator; and / or the adjustable reactance element is connected in series between two arms of the second oscillator.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The first oscillator is a monopole antenna, and the second oscillator is a dipole antenna; The reactance adjustable element is connected in series between the first dipole and the antenna feed line; and / or the reactance adjustable element is connected in series between two arms of the second dipole.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, 5, 8, and 9, characterized in that: Also includes: Control modules and electronic switches; The electronic switch is connected in series with the second vibrator, and the control module is connected to the adjustment end of the adjustable reactance element and the control end of the electronic switch respectively; The control module is used to change the reactance value of the adjustable reactance element and the on / off state of the electronic switch.

13. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-3, 5, 8 and 9, characterized in that: The adjustable reactance element includes a capacitor and / or an inductor.

14. A terminal, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna fixing component and at least one antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the antenna is arranged on the antenna fixing component.

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