A pair of parallel magnetic pole motor

Abstract

The present invention provides a pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, including a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor includes at least two independent coils that are independent of each other; the stator includes a pair of magnets consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, and a pair of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring that are arranged opposite to each other, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on the independent coils that are energized; each independent coil has two electrical terminals that are respectively used to alternately electrically connect the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel to each other, and the trajectory center angle and coil angle of each independent coil are respectively less than or equal to 180 degrees. No matter how many coils there are in the parallel motor of this scheme, a commutator is not required to allocate the power-on time, and all coils can be operated in parallel. Under certain conditions, all coils can be operated in parallel all the time, effectively improving the working efficiency of the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and in particular relates to a motor with a pair of magnetic poles connected in parallel. Background Art

[0002] Motors include brushed motors and brushless motors. Brushed motors are widely used in some occasions with low requirements due to their stable performance and low cost.

[0003] In the case of only one coil, the continuous rotation of the shaft cannot be guaranteed, so current motors all use multiple coils. Figure 1 As shown, currently there is a typical three-coil motor, which has a pair of magnetic poles and a pair of brushes. Each coil contacts a commutator segment at the common point of the adjacent coils. When the rotor rotates, the two brushes contact the three commutator segments in turn to achieve commutation. When the number of coils increases, the power-on time of each coil decreases accordingly. The power-on time of each coil needs to be achieved through a commutator. The more coils there are, the shorter the action time of each coil. Although this method increases the number of coils from the overall point of view and increases the output torque of the coils by series connection, from the perspective of each group of individual coils, the time each coil is acted on is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of each coil is limited, which greatly limits the working efficiency of the motor and makes it impossible to achieve full-time operation of all coils. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a parallel motor with a pair of magnetic pole groups in view of the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, comprising a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor comprises at least two independent coils that are independent of each other;

[0007] The stator comprises a pair of magnets consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, and a pair of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring arranged opposite to each other, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized;

[0008] Each independent coil has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, and the trajectory center angle and coil angle of each independent coil are less than or equal to 180 degrees.

[0009] In the above-mentioned pair of parallel-connected magnetic pole motors, in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other;

[0010] In each rotation period, there are at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils connected in parallel with each other for a period greater than 1 / Z rotation period, where Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0011] The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

[0012] The coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

[0013] In the above-mentioned pair of pole-connected parallel motors, the positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, the negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, there is a missing arc between the positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc, and the center angle of the trajectory formed by the two electrical end points of each independent coil is greater than the missing arc.

[0014] In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

[0015] The coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees;

[0016] The conductive ring / magnet is a whole or cut into two or more adjacent ones;

[0017] The positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes the positive conductive ring, and the negative effective segment arc constitutes the negative conductive ring.

[0018] In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the coil angle of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees;

[0019] The center angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees;

[0020] The approach range is within 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees or 2 degrees of 180 degrees.

[0021] In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the effective section of the positive conductive ring and the effective section of the negative conductive ring are both close to zero, and the effective section of the negative conductive ring is isolated from the effective section of the positive conductive ring by an insulating film.

[0022] In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the independent coils are all obtained by winding enameled wires on any two winding slots of the iron core.

[0023] In the above-mentioned pair of pole-group parallel motors, each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots;

[0024] Alternatively, there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

[0025] In the above-mentioned pair of pole-group parallel motors, the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is equal to the coil angle;

[0026] Alternatively, the angle difference between the trajectory center angle of each independent coil and the coil angle is less than a preset difference.

[0027] In the above-mentioned pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, the independent coils are all wound on the iron core at a coil angle of 180 degrees, and multiple independent coils intersect each other on the rotation axis A and are distributed in sequence in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line.

[0028] The advantages of the present invention are that no matter how many coils there are, a commutator is not required to distribute the power-on time, the power-on time of each coil is only related to its own trajectory center angle and the effective section of the conductive ring, all coils do not affect each other, and all coils can be connected in parallel. Under certain conditions, such as the effective section of the conductive ring is infinitely close to 180 degrees, the trajectory center angle is 180 degrees, and the coil angle is 180 degrees, all coils can work in parallel full-time, thereby improving the utilization rate of all coils, thereby improving the working efficiency and output torque of the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the angle connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0030] Figure 2 It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the angle connection method of the three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of three independent coils;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of three groups of 180-degree independent coils wound on an eight-slot iron core of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the electrical terminals of three groups of 180-degree independent coils on the conductive ring of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the electrical terminals of three groups of 120-degree independent coils on the conductive ring of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the star connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0036] Figure 8 It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the star connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0037] Fig. 9 yes Figure 5 Equivalent circuit diagram of the scheme shown.

[0038] Reference numerals: magnet pair 1; first magnet 11; second magnet 12; conductive ring pair 2; coils L1, L2, L3; independent coils L4, L5, L6; electrical terminals a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] This embodiment discloses a pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, including a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor includes at least two independent coils that are independent of each other, such as three, four, five, six, etc.;

[0041] The stator includes a pair of magnets 1 formed by a first magnet 11 and a second magnet 12, which are arranged opposite to each other, and a pair of conductive rings 2 formed by a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring, which are arranged opposite to each other and are used to provide positive electricity and negative electricity respectively, and the N pole of the first magnet 11 and the S pole of the second magnet 12 are used to act on independent coils that are energized respectively;

[0042] Each independent coil has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other. Preferably, in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, which is greater than 1 / Z rotation cycle, and Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0043] The trajectory center angle of each independent coil is less than or equal to 180 degrees. The concept of trajectory center angle α is: the two electrical terminals 31 are located on a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis A, and the angle between the two electrical terminals 31 and the rotation axis A on the plane is the trajectory center angle α. Specifically, the electrical terminals of this embodiment directly or indirectly slide in contact with the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation process to achieve electrical connection with the conductive ring pair. The conductive ring can be installed in a non-rotating part such as the motor housing as needed, and each electrical terminal can be fixed on the rotating shaft in any way to achieve stable sliding contact with the conductive ring during the rotation process. There is no limitation here, and the electrical terminals can achieve power supply and commutation by sliding in contact with the upper surface, lower surface, inner surface or outer surface of the conductive ring.

[0044] It should be noted that the conductive ring / magnet can be a whole or cut into two or more adjacent ones, which is not limited here.

[0045] Specifically, the positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, the negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, there is a gap arc between the positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc, and the center angle of the trajectory formed by the two power-connected end points of each independent coil is greater than the gap arc. Since the independent coil loses power when the power-connected end point is located at the gap arc, making the center angle of the trajectory greater than the gap arc can ensure that the independent coil is powered for at least a certain period of time during the rotation process. Preferably, the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes the positive conductive ring and the negative effective segment arc constitutes the negative conductive ring.

[0046] In actual operation, the corresponding number of independent coils can be arranged according to the needs. Figure 3 Three independent coils L4, L5, and L6 are arranged in the circuit. At this time, those skilled in the art can set the coil angle of each independent coil and the positional relationship between the coils according to actual conditions.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to enable the magnet to effectively act on each group of independent coils that are energized and ensure the energization time of each independent coil, it is preferred that the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees; the coil angle is also preferably greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

[0048] It is preferred that the trajectory center angle and coil angle of each independent coil are equal. The coil angle refers to the angle occupied by the coil on the 360-degree circumference of the core. However, in actual production, it may be inconvenient to achieve completely consistent angles, so it is preferred that the angle difference between the trajectory center angle and the coil angle is within the preset difference range. For example, if the preset difference is 5 degrees, when the coil angle is 180 degrees, the trajectory center angle is 175-180. The preset difference can also be 3 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees or 30 degrees, etc.

[0049] Preferably, the two conductive rings of this embodiment are close to 180 degrees respectively, where the closeness here means that the deviation difference from the target (180 degrees) is within a very small range, such as a small angle range of 2 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, etc. An insulating film can be provided between the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring to isolate them so as to ensure the power-on time of each independent coil as much as possible.

[0050] The angle of the center angle of the track can be 120 degrees, 150 degrees, 160 degrees, 170 degrees or 180 degrees, etc. In practical applications, the center angle of the track and the coil angle are as close to 180 degrees as possible to maximize the use of all independent coils.

[0051] Furthermore, each independent coil is obtained by winding the enameled wire on any two winding slots of the iron core, and each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots, or there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots, preferably spanning the same number of winding slots to maintain uniformity and facilitate motor processing and manufacturing. The number of winding slots spanned will affect the coil angle of the independent coil. Figure 4 On a twelve-slot core, when an independent coil crosses five winding slots, the angle of the independent coil is 180 degrees, strictly speaking, it is close to 180 degrees, and the angle range is between 150-210 degrees (30n-30(n+2), n is the number of winding slots). Here, the coil angle is less than or equal to 180 degrees, so the angle range is between 150-180 degrees. It is also possible to wind an independent coil in other ways using wires of other materials, which is not limited here.

[0052] For example, the independent coils can be wound on the core at a coil angle of 180 degrees. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, multiple independent coils can cross each other on the rotation axis A, and are circumferentially cross-distributed in sequence with the rotation axis A as the center line. Figure 5 State, the three independent coils L4, L5 and L6 are all in the energized state, and the three independent coils are connected in parallel. During the rotation process, the three independent coils are always in the energized state in most cases, unless one of the electrical terminals moves to the gap between the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring. When the arc of the two conductive rings approaches 180 degrees, the time passing through the gap can be ignored, so that all independent coils can work full-time. Of course, if more coil groups are needed, independent coils can be directly added, and the added independent coils are all connected in parallel with the remaining independent coils.

[0053] The independent coil can also be wound at a coil angle of 120 degrees. Figure 4 On the core shown in FIG. 1 , multiple independent coils can be sequentially superimposed and / or cross-distributed in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line. Figure 6 As shown, when there are three independent coils, it is preferred that the independent coils are stacked and distributed in sequence, and adjacent coils share a winding slot and an electrical terminal. Figure 6 In the state shown, L4 and L5 are energized in parallel, and L6 is in a de-energized state. When the rotor continues to rotate until the c2 / a1 electrical terminal slides and contacts the negative conductive ring, the three independent coils are all energized. At this time, the three independent coils form three parallel circuits.

[0054] The remaining coil angles are similar to the 180 degree or 120 degree cases and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] In order to demonstrate the superiority of this solution, the following is an analysis of the effect of coil parallel connection in this solution. Taking three coils as an example, in the case of the traditional three coils, the winding connection method is Figure 1 There is also a star connection method for the delta connection shown, such as Figure 7 , Figure 8 , this plan is based on Figure 5 For example, the equivalent circuit is Fig. 9 As shown:

[0056] (I) Analysis under the same current:

[0057] Triangle connection

[0058] Torque:

[0059] loss:

[0060] Voltage: Star connection

[0061] Torque: T = C·i·2 = 2·C·i

[0062] Loss: P = 2i 2 R

[0063] Voltage: U = 2Ri

[0064] Connection method of this solution

[0065] Torque:

[0066] loss:

[0067] Voltage:

[0068] Conclusion: Under the same current,

[0069] T b <T s <T x

[0070] P b <P s <P x

[0071] U b s x

[0072] P is the motor loss, T is the motor torque, C is a constant, R is the resistance, U is the voltage, i is the current, the subscript "b" represents the parameters of this solution, the subscript "s" represents the parameters of the prior art triangle connection method, and the subscript "x" represents the parameters of the star connection method.​​

[0073] (II) Analysis under the same torque:

[0074] Connection method of this solution

[0075] Torque:

[0076] Derive the current:

[0077] Power consumption:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Voltage:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Conclusion, under the same torque:

[0086] T b =T s =T x

[0087] P b <P s <P x

[0088] U b s x

[0089] I b >i s >i x

[0090] (III) Analysis at the same voltage

[0091]

[0092] That is, i b =2i s =6i x

[0093] Torque: T b =C·i b

[0094] ​​

[0095]

[0096] Power consumption: (IV) Under the condition of equal power consumption

[0097]

[0098] Right now,

[0099] Torque:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Voltage:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] Conclusion, under the same power consumption:

[0108] T b >T s >T x

[0109] U b s x

[0110] I b >i s >i x

[0111] The above takes three coils as an example. The more coils are arranged, the more obvious the above advantages are. The analysis of more coils can be inferred by analogy and will not be repeated here.

[0112] ​​The pair of motors in this scheme has the advantages of simple structure and excellent performance. It has obvious advantages over traditional motors. Take the typical three-coil as an example. The three coils of the traditional motor cannot be connected in parallel anyway, but this scheme can easily achieve parallel connection. In addition, the three coils of the traditional motor are energized in turn, especially the star connection, which makes it impossible for all coils to be energized all the time, and the coil utilization rate is low. However, this scheme can realize full-time operation of all coils, improve the utilization rate of each independent coil, and increase the number of coils. It can still realize full-time power supply of all coils and parallel connection of all coils, which has less power consumption than traditional motors at the same torque.

[0113] Inspired by the present application, those skilled in the art may combine the present application with the prior art motor coil setting method, such as connecting some coils in series, setting some coils independently, or using a series coil formed by connecting multiple groups of coils in series as an independent coil, and then connecting the independent coils in parallel, etc. No matter which method is used, as long as the idea of ​​connecting the independent coils in parallel of the present application is applied, it should be within the protection scope of the present application. The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the attached claims.

[0114] Although the terms such as the first magnet 11 of the magnet pair 1; the second magnet 12; the conductive ring pair 2; the coils L1, L2, L3; the independent coils L4, L5, L6; the electrical terminals a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2 are used more frequently in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only for more convenient description and explanation of the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pair of magnetic pole parallel motors, comprising a rotor and a stator, characterized in that: The rotor comprises at least two independent coils which are independent of each other; The stator comprises a pair of magnets consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, and a pair of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring arranged opposite to each other, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized; Each independent coil has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, and the trajectory center angle and coil angle of each independent coil are less than or equal to 180 degrees.

2. The pair of pole-connected parallel motors according to claim 1, characterized in that: In one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other; In each rotation period, there are at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils connected in parallel with each other for a period greater than 1 / Z rotation period, where Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5; The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees; The coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.

3. The pair of pole-connected parallel motors according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, the negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, there is a vacant arc between the positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc, and the center angle of the trajectory formed by the two electrical end points of each independent coil is greater than the vacant arc.

4. The pair of pole-group parallel motors according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees; The coil angle of each independent coil is greater than 120 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees; The conductive ring / magnet is a whole or cut into two or more adjacent ones; The positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes the positive conductive ring, and the negative effective segment arc constitutes the negative conductive ring.

5. The pair of magnetic pole parallel motors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coil angle of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees; The center angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is equal to or close to 180 degrees; The approach range is within 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees or 2 degrees of 180 degrees.

6. The pair of pole-group parallel motors according to claim 5, characterized in that: The effective section of the positive conductive ring and the effective section of the negative conductive ring are both close to 180 degrees, and the effective section of the negative conductive ring is isolated from the effective section of the positive conductive ring by an insulating film.

7. A pair of pole-connected parallel motors according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The independent coils are all obtained by winding enameled wires on any two winding grooves of the iron core.

8. The pair of magnetic pole parallel motors according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots; Alternatively, there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

9. The pair of magnetic pole parallel motors according to claim 8, characterized in that: The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is equal to the angle of the coil; Alternatively, the angle difference between the trajectory center angle of each independent coil and the coil angle is less than a preset difference.

10. The pair of magnetic pole parallel motors according to claim 9, characterized in that: The independent coils are all wound on the iron core at a coil angle of 180 degrees. The multiple independent coils intersect each other on the rotation axis A and are distributed in sequence in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line.

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