A multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, including a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor includes at least two independent coils that are independent of each other; the stator includes at least two pairs of magnet pairs consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, and at least two pairs of conductive ring pairs consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on the energized independent coils; each independent coil has two electrical terminals that are respectively used to alternately electrically connect the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel to each other, and the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is less than or equal to 180 degrees and not equal to 360 / N, where N represents the number of conductive ring pairs. This solution can realize parallel operation of all coils in the case of multiple pairs of magnetic poles, and can realize full-time parallel operation of all coils under certain conditions, effectively improving the working efficiency of the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and in particular relates to a multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor. Background Art

[0002] Motors include brushed motors and brushless motors. Brushed motors are widely used in some occasions with low requirements due to their stable performance and low cost.

[0003] The number of coils in a brushed motor varies. Generally speaking, the more coils there are, the more stable the motor is, so general motors will use multiple coils. In the prior art, in order to save winding costs and facilitate wiring, the coil angle of each coil is reduced, that is, the number of spans of each coil on the core slot / column is reduced. When the coil angle is reduced to a certain number, the number of magnetic pole pairs needs to be increased to meet the effect on the coil. For example, a Chinese patent discloses a DC brushed motor and cooling fan [application number: CN202011160645.3], including a stator, a rotor and a brush assembly, the stator includes a housing and 2n pairs of magnetic poles arranged inside the housing; the rotor includes a rotating shaft, a hook-type commutator and a magnetizer fixed on the rotating shaft, and a winding group wound in the magnetizer and electrically connected to the hook of the hook-type commutator; two hooks on the hook-type commutator spaced 180° apart are electrically connected through a conductor; the brush assembly is fixed relative to the housing, and the brush assembly includes an insulating plate and n pairs of brushes fixed on the insulating plate.

[0004] The above solution solves some problems. For example, when the number of magnetic pole pairs is increased to 2n pairs in order to reduce the amount of copper wire used in the winding group, the number of brush pairs can be kept at only n pairs, and a better effect can be achieved with a simpler motor structure. However, the above solution still has some defects. For example, the brush and commutator ideas are still used in the above solution. The power-on time of each coil still needs to be allocated by the commutator. The working time of each coil is limited, and it is impossible to power on all coils in parallel, which limits the working efficiency of the motor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-coil parallel motor with multiple conductive ring pairs in view of the above problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor comprises at least two independent coils which are independent of each other;

[0008] The stator comprises at least two pairs of magnets consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, at least two pairs of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized;

[0009] Each independent coil has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, and the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is less than or equal to 180 degrees and not equal to 360 / N, where N represents the number of conductive rings.

[0010] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other;

[0011] In each rotation period, there are at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils connected in parallel with each other for a period greater than 1 / Z rotation period, where Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5;

[0012] Each positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, and each negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc. The positive effective segment arc and the negative effective segment arc are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and there is a vacant arc between adjacent positive effective segment arcs and negative effective segment arcs. The center angle of the trajectory formed by the two electrical end points of each independent coil is greater than the vacant arc.

[0013] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, all the conductive rings are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes a positive conductive ring and the negative effective segment arc constitutes a negative conductive ring.

[0014] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, the center angle of the trajectory is within the range of (360 / 2N) ± threshold angle. The threshold angle can be 0. At this time, when there are two pairs of magnets, the center angle of the trajectory is 90 degrees, and when there are three pairs of magnets, the center angle of the trajectory is 60 degrees. The threshold angle can also be 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, etc. For example, if it is 10 degrees, when there are two pairs of magnets, the center angle of the trajectory ranges from 80 degrees to 100 degrees.

[0015] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, adjacent conductive rings are isolated by insulating films so that the effective segments of the positive conductive rings and the negative conductive rings are close to zero.

[0016] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, the independent coils are all obtained by winding enameled wire on any two winding slots of the iron core, and each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots; at this time, all independent coils have the same or similar coil angles, and the coil angle refers to the angle occupied by the coil on the 360-degree circumference of the iron core;

[0017] Alternatively, there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

[0018] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, the coil angle of each independent coil is within the range of (360 / 2N)±preset value, and the preset difference can be 60 degrees, 50 degrees, 30 degrees or 20 degrees.

[0019] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, two pairs of magnet pairs and two pairs of conductive ring pairs are included;

[0020] Or include three pairs of magnet pairs and three pairs of conductive ring pairs.

[0021] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, the first magnets 11 and the second magnets 12 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the magnet pairs and the conductive ring pairs correspond to each other one by one or are staggered in the circumferential direction.

[0022] In the above-mentioned multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, the independent coils are all wound on the iron core at a coil angle of 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees, and the multiple independent coils are distributed circumferentially on the iron core;

[0023] When the number of coils is less than 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are sequentially distributed in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line;

[0024] When the number of coils = 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line;

[0025] When the number of coils is greater than 360 / coil angle, a plurality of independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and / or cross-distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line.

[0026] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0027] The use of small-angle coils can save winding costs and facilitate wiring. In addition, there are no brushes, so the number of coils energized at each moment is not limited by the number of brushes, and all coils can be energized at the same time.

[0028] Through certain settings, such as making the center angle of the effective section of the conductive ring infinitely approach 90 degrees, and the center angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is 90 degrees, ideally all coils can be connected in parallel all the time;

[0029] Using multiple coils in parallel at the same time instead of the traditional method of replacing each coil in turn greatly improves the coil utilization rate and can reduce losses under the premise of unchanged torque output;

[0030] By distributing multiple relatively dense independent coils circumferentially, the force of the magnetic field is distributed throughout the circumference of the rotor, which can effectively improve the effect of the magnetic field force and ensure stable torque output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a parallel motor with two pairs of magnetic poles arranged with three independent coils in Embodiment 1;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the electrical terminals of three groups of 90-degree independent coils on the conductive ring in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of three independent coils on the iron core in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the electrical terminals of four groups of 90-degree independent coils on the conductive ring in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a rendering of a motor having four groups of 90-degree independent coils in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the angle connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0037] Figure 7 It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the angle connection method of the three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the star connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0039] Fig. 9 It is an equivalent circuit diagram of the star connection method of a three-coil motor in the prior art;

[0040] Fig.10 yes Figure 2 Equivalent circuit diagram of the scheme shown;

[0041] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of arranging four independent coils in a three-pair magnetic pole parallel motor in Embodiment 2;

[0042] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the electrical terminals of four groups of 60-degree independent coils on the conductive ring in the second embodiment.

[0043] Reference numerals: magnet pair 1 ; first magnet 11 ; second magnet 12 ; conductive ring pair 2 ; independent coil 3 ; electrical terminal 31 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] This embodiment discloses a multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, including a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor includes at least two independent coils that are independent of each other, such as three, four, five, six, etc.;

[0047] The stator includes at least two pairs of magnet pairs 1 consisting of a first magnet 11 and a second magnet 12, and at least two pairs of conductive ring pairs consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring. The first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the positive conductive rings and the negative conductive rings are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction; and the N pole of the first magnet 11 and the S pole of the second magnet 12 are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized;

[0048] Each independent coil 3 has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two independent coils 3 are connected in parallel with each other. Preferably, in one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other for a period greater than 1 / Z rotation cycle, where Z is equal to 2, 3, 4 or 5. The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil 3 is less than or equal to 180 degrees and not equal to 360 / N, where N represents the number of conductive rings. The concept of the center angle α of the trajectory is: the two electrical terminals 31 are located on the same plane perpendicular to the rotation axis A, and the angle between the two electrical terminals 31 and the rotation axis A on the plane is the center angle α of the trajectory. The conductive ring can be installed on a non-rotating part such as the motor housing as needed, and each electrical terminal can be fixed on the rotating shaft in any way to achieve stable sliding contact with the conductive ring during rotation, which is not limited here, and the electrical terminal can achieve power supply and commutation by sliding contact with the upper surface, lower surface, inner surface or outer surface of the conductive ring. In this embodiment, the electrical terminal 31 directly or indirectly slides and contacts the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation process to achieve electrical connection with the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring.

[0049] It should be noted that the conductive ring / magnet can be a whole or cut into two or more adjacent ones, which is not limited here.

[0050] In this embodiment, two pairs of magnets 1 and two pairs of conductive rings 2 are used as examples. The center angle of the track is less than 180 degrees, and the coil angle is less than or equal to 180 degrees. The angle occupied by the coil on the 360-degree circumference of the iron core.

[0051] Specifically, each positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, each negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc, and there is a vacant arc between adjacent positive effective segment arcs and negative effective segment arcs. The center angle α of the trajectory formed by the two power connection terminals 31 of each independent coil 3 is greater than the vacant arc. When the power connection terminal is located at the vacant arc, the independent coil loses power. Therefore, making the center angle of the trajectory greater than the vacant arc can ensure that the independent coil is energized for at least a certain period of time during the rotation process.

[0052] Preferably, the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes the positive conductive ring, the negative effective segment arc constitutes the negative conductive ring, and all the conductive rings are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0053] The center angle of the track is preferably within the range of (360 / 2N)±threshold angle, and the threshold angle may be 20 degrees, 10 degrees or 5 degrees. For example, when the threshold angle is 10 degrees, (360 / 2N)-10≤center angle of track≤(360 / 2N)+10, i.e. 80≤center angle of track≤100. The optional range of the center angle of the track is relatively large, but the closer the center angle of the track is to 90 degrees, the longer the power-on time of each independent coil, and the higher the utilization rate of each independent coil. Therefore, when the track is put into use, the center angle of the track is made as close to 90 degrees as possible under the conditions of process and other conditions.

[0054] Further, each independent coil 3 is obtained by winding the enameled wire on any two winding slots of the iron core, and each independent coil 3 spans the same number of winding slots, or there are at least two groups of independent coils 3 spanning different numbers of winding slots. It is preferred to span the same number of winding slots to maintain uniformity and facilitate motor processing and manufacturing, and the number of winding slots spanned will affect the coil angle of the independent coil.

[0055] The coil angle of the independent coil is within the range of (360 / 2N) ± preset value, that is, 90 degrees - preset value range ≤ coil angle ≤ 90 degrees + preset value range, the preset value can be 60 degrees, 50 degrees, 30 degrees, 20 degrees or 10 degrees, when the preset value is 60 degrees, 30 degrees ≤ coil angle ≤ 150 degrees. The closer the coil angle of the independent coil is to 90 degrees, the better the effect of the magnetic field on the coil, so when it is put into use, the coil angle should be as close to 90 degrees as possible if all conditions permit.

[0056] Preferably, the two conductive rings of this embodiment are close to 90 degrees respectively, and an insulating film can be provided between the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring to isolate them so as to ensure the power-on time of each independent coil as much as possible.

[0057] When the independent coils are all wound on the iron core at a coil angle of 90 degrees, the multiple independent coils are distributed circumferentially on the iron core, and the independent coils are arranged as follows:

[0058] When the number of coils is less than 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are distributed in sequence in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line; Figure 2 As shown, when the coil angle is 90 degrees and the number of independent coils 3 is three, the three independent coils 3 are distributed in sequence in the circumferential direction, preferably as evenly as possible. Figure 3 In the three-slot core shown, an independent coil is wound on each core sheet, and the angle of the independent coil is close to 90 degrees.

[0059] When the number of coils = 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line; Figure 4 As shown, when the coil angle is 90 degrees and the number of independent coils is four, the four independent coils 3 are circumferentially superimposed and distributed, and adjacent independent coils share a winding slot, such as Figure 4 L1 and L2 share a winding slot and are superimposed in the common winding slot, and L2 and L3 share a winding slot and are superimposed in the common winding slot, and are distributed in this way. The electrical terminals of adjacent independent coils can be the same or different, and there is no restriction here. For a 120-degree coil, when there are three independent coils 3, such a circumferentially superimposed distribution method is also adopted.

[0060] When the number of coils is greater than 360 / coil angle, a plurality of independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and / or cross-distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line.

[0061] In order to realize the superiority of this scheme, a comparative analysis is carried out below. Figure 2 For example, in the case of three coils, the winding connection method is usually as follows: Figure 6-7 The angle connection and Figure 8-9 Star connection:

[0062] (I) Analysis under the same current:

[0063] Triangle connection

[0064] Torque:

[0065] loss:

[0066] Voltage: Star connection

[0067] Torque: T = C·i·2 = 2·C·i

[0068] Loss: P = 2i 2 R

[0069] Voltage: U = 2Ri

[0070] Connection method of this solution

[0071] Torque:

[0072] loss:

[0073] Voltage:

[0074] Conclusion: Under the same current,

[0075] T b <T s <T x

[0076] P b <P s <P x

[0077] U b s x

[0078] P is the motor loss, T is the motor torque, C is a constant, R is the resistance, U is the voltage, i is the current, the subscript "b" represents the parameters of this solution, the subscript "s" represents the parameters of the prior art triangle connection method, and the subscript "x" represents the parameters of the star connection method.

[0079] (II) Analysis under the same torque:

[0080] Connection method of this solution

[0081] Torque:

[0082] Derive the current:

[0083] Power consumption:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Voltage:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Conclusion, under the same torque:

[0092] T b =T​​s =T x

[0093] P b <P s <P x

[0094] U b s x

[0095] I b >i s >i x

[0096] (III) Analysis at the same voltage

[0097]

[0098] That is, i b =2i s =6i x

[0099] Torque: T b =C·i b

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] Power consumption:

[0103] (IV) Under the condition of equal power consumption

[0104]

[0105] Right now,

[0106] Torque:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Voltage:

[0111]

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] ​​Conclusion, under the same power consumption:

[0115] T b >T s >T x

[0116] U b s x

[0117] I b >i s >i x

[0118] The above takes three coils as an example. The more coils are arranged, the more obvious the above advantages are. The analysis of more coils can be inferred by analogy, so I will not go into details here.

[0119] This solution can save winding costs and facilitate wiring by adopting a small-angle coil, and eliminates the traditional brushes. The number of coils energized at each moment is not limited by the number of brushes, and all coils can be energized at the same time.

[0120] Through certain settings, such as making the angle of the effective section of the conductive ring infinitely approach 90 degrees, the coil angle and the trajectory center angle of the independent coil are both 90 degrees. Ideally, all coils can work in parallel at all times;

[0121] Using multiple coils working in parallel at the same time instead of the traditional method of replacing each coil in turn greatly improves the coil utilization rate and can reduce losses under the premise of unchanged torque output;

[0122] By distributing multiple groups of relatively dense independent coils circumferentially, the force of the magnetic field is distributed throughout the circumference of the entire rotor, which can effectively improve the effect of the magnetic field force and ensure stable torque output.

[0123] Embodiment 2

[0124] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, this embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, except that this embodiment has three pairs of conductive rings 2 and three pairs of magnets 1. At this time, the center angle of the trajectory is less than or equal to 180 degrees, and not equal to 120 degrees.

[0125] In addition, the preferred angle of this embodiment is within the range of 60±threshold angle. In actual production, the center angle of the trajectory is made as close to 60 degrees as possible, and the coil angle is made as close to 60 degrees as possible to ensure the utilization rate of the independent coil as much as possible.

[0126] Furthermore, the magnet pairs 1 and the conductive ring pairs 2 can be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, such as Fig.12 ​​As shown, it can also be arranged circumferentially staggered, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0127] Inspired by the present application, those skilled in the art may combine the present application with the motor coil setting method of the prior art, such as connecting some coils in series, setting some coils independently, or using a series coil formed by connecting multiple groups of coils in series as an independent coil, and then connecting the independent coils in parallel with each other. Regardless of the method, as long as the idea of ​​connecting the independent coils in parallel with each other of the present application is applied, it should be within the protection scope of the present application.

[0128] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0129] Although the terms such as magnet pair 1; conductive ring pair 2; independent coil 3, L1, L2, L3, L4; electrical terminals 31, a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, d2 are used more frequently in this article, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only for more convenient description and explanation of the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional limitation is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor, comprising a rotor and a stator, characterized in that: The rotor comprises at least two independent coils which are independent of each other; The stator comprises at least two pairs of magnets consisting of a first magnet and a second magnet, at least two pairs of conductive rings consisting of a positive conductive ring and a negative conductive ring, and the N pole of the first magnet and the S pole of the second magnet are respectively used to act on independent coils that are energized; Each independent coil has two electrical terminals for alternately electrically connecting the positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring during the rotation of the rotor, and in one rotation cycle, there is a moment when at least two independent coils are connected in parallel with each other, and the center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is less than or equal to 180 degrees and not equal to 360 / N, where N represents the number of conductive rings.

2. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In one rotation cycle, there are moments when at least three / four / five / six independent coils are connected in parallel with each other; In each rotation period, there are at least two / three / four / five / six independent coils connected in parallel with each other for a period greater than 1 / Z rotation period, where Z is 2, 3, 4 or 5; Each positive conductive ring includes a positive effective segment arc, and each negative conductive ring includes a negative effective segment arc. The positive effective segment arcs and the negative effective segment arcs are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and there is a vacant arc between adjacent positive effective segment arcs and negative effective segment arcs. The center angle of the trajectory of each independent coil is greater than the vacant arc.

3. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: All the conductive rings are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and have the same center so that the positive effective segment arc constitutes a positive conductive ring and the negative effective segment arc constitutes a negative conductive ring.

4. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The center angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is within the range of (360 / 2N)±threshold angle, and the threshold angle is 0-30 degrees.

5. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central angle of the effective section of the conductive ring approaches 90 degrees infinitely; The center angle of the trajectory of the independent coil is 90 degrees.

6. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The independent coils are all obtained by winding enameled wire on any two winding slots of the iron core, and each independent coil spans the same number of winding slots, or there are at least two groups of independent coils spanning different numbers of winding slots.

7. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coil angle of each independent coil is within the range of (360 / 2N) ± a preset value, and the preset value is 10-60 degrees.

8. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 7, characterized in that: It includes two pairs of magnet pairs and two pairs of conductive ring pairs, or includes three pairs of magnet pairs and three pairs of conductive ring pairs.

9. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The magnets N and S are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the magnet pairs and the conductive ring pairs correspond to each other one by one or are staggered in the circumferential direction.

10. The multi-pair magnetic pole parallel motor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The independent coils are all wound on the iron core at a coil angle of 60 degrees or 90 degrees, and a plurality of independent coils are distributed circumferentially on the iron core; When the number of coils is less than 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are sequentially distributed in the circumferential direction with the rotation axis A as the center line; When the number of coils = 360 / coil angle, multiple independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line; When the number of coils is greater than 360 / coil angle, a plurality of independent coils are circumferentially superimposed and / or cross-distributed with the rotation axis A as the center line.

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