A train collision energy absorbing structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a train collision energy absorption structure, which relates to the technical field of train energy absorption structures, including an energy absorption body, in which a first cavity and a second cavity are arranged from front to back, a damping fluid is arranged in the first cavity, a collision rod is installed at the front end of the first cavity, the front end of the collision rod extends out of the first cavity, the rear end of the collision rod is connected to a first slide plate, and a damping channel is arranged at the rear end of the first cavity to communicate with the second cavity; the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cavity, and an elastic element is installed between the rear side of the second slide plate slidably installed in the second cavity and the rear side wall of the second cavity. Furthermore, the damping fluid is preferably a magnetic fluid, the viscosity of the magnetic fluid can be quickly adjusted by an external magnetic field, and an adjustment device is provided to adjust the flow area of ​​the damping channel. The present invention can greatly increase the effective crushing stroke of the energy absorption structure, and can achieve rapid regulation of the impact force by changing the flow area of ​​the damping channel or regulating the viscosity of the magnetic fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of train energy absorbing structures, and in particular to a train collision energy absorbing structure. Background Art

[0002] The energy absorption structure of the eight-car high-speed train is arranged as follows: the head adopts a three-level energy absorption structure, which includes a coupler buffer, a crush tube energy absorption element and a main energy absorption structure; the middle car end of the high-speed EMU uses a two-level energy absorption structure, which includes a coupler buffer and a crush tube.

[0003] After the collision begins, the coupler buffer device at the end of the train begins to contact first, the coupler buffer and energy absorption device are compressed, the coupler fails, and the deformable area of ​​the car body begins to contact and continues to deform and absorb energy. The coupler energy absorption device absorbs the train's kinetic energy through the expandable crush tube in the coupler rod, reducing the harm caused by the train collision.

[0004] The current coupler energy absorption device (CN 108860206A, CN 109204368 A) consists of two chambers. The internal diameter of the entire energy absorption structure does not change significantly. The energy absorption structure shrinks after being acted upon by external force, and the compressed damping fluid enters the rear cavity through the small hole channel. Since the inner diameter of the tube remains unchanged, the distance moved by the damping body after being compressed in the front cavity is the same as the distance moved after entering the rear cavity. The entire energy absorption device requires a long longitudinal space, while the longitudinal space of the head energy absorption box of the EMU train is very limited, and the vertical space is relatively abundant.

[0005] Moreover, in the patent CN 108860206 A, although the impact energy absorption structure is reusable, the impact force varies greatly with the speed during the crushing process; and the patent CN 109204368 A achieves a constant impact force and reusability by using a fixed throttle rod, but due to its fixed structure, the constant impact force is only for a specific speed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a train collision energy absorption structure to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, which can greatly increase the effective crushing stroke of the energy absorption structure and realize rapid regulation and reuse of the impact force.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a train collision energy absorption structure, including an energy absorption body, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other are arranged from front to back in the energy absorption body, a damping fluid is arranged in the first cavity, a collision rod is installed at the front end of the first cavity, the front end of the collision rod extends out of the first cavity, the rear end of the collision rod is connected to a first slide plate, a damping channel is arranged at the rear end of the first cavity, and the damping channel is connected to the second cavity; the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cavity, a second slide plate is slidably installed in the second cavity, and an elastic element is installed between the rear side of the second slide plate and the rear side wall of the second cavity.

[0009] Preferably, the first cavity and the second cavity are both cylindrical cavities, the first cavity and the second cavity are coaxially arranged, and the diameter of the second cavity is larger than the diameter of the first cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic element is a spring.

[0011] Preferably, a fixed baffle is installed at the rear end of the first cavity, and the damping channel is provided between the outer edge of the fixed baffle and the inner wall of the first cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the fixed baffle is further provided with an adjusting device, and the adjusting device can adjust the fluid passing area of ​​the damping channel.

[0013] Preferably, the adjustment device comprises a driving motor, a rotating disk and a movable baffle, the fixed baffle has an installation groove inside, the driving motor and the rotating disk are both installed in the installation groove of the fixed baffle, and the driving motor is connected to the rotating disk; the fixed baffle is also provided with a limiting groove, the movable baffle is arranged in the limiting groove and can slide along the limiting groove, the rotating disk is connected to the movable baffle through a connecting rod, the rotating disk is provided with a guide groove, the connecting rod passes through the guide groove and can slide along the guide groove;

[0014] The first end of the guide groove is close to the center of the rotating disk relative to the second end of the guide groove. When the driving motor drives the rotating disk to rotate, the movable baffle can slide along the limiting groove. When the connecting rod slides to the second end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can close the damping channel; when the connecting rod slides to the first end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can open the damping channel.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of the damping channels are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixed baffle plate, and a plurality of the movable baffle plates are arranged correspondingly, and the movable baffle plates and the damping channels are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0016] Preferably, all of the damping channels are evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed baffle.

[0017] Preferably, a channel groove is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity at a position close to the damping channel, and when the connecting rod slides to the second end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can be inserted into the channel groove.

[0018] Preferably, the damping fluid is a magnetic fluid, and the first cavity is provided with an electromagnetic coil capable of applying a magnetic field to the magnetic fluid.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] The cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity of the present invention is larger than that of the first cavity. After the same volume of damping fluid enters the second cavity, it will move a shorter distance, thereby shortening the length of the second cavity. When the total longitudinal length is the same, the length of the first cavity can be made longer, thereby lengthening the crushing stroke and greatly improving the energy absorption effect.

[0021] The technical solution in the present invention specification also achieves the following beneficial technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] The damping fluid in the energy-absorbing body of the present invention is preferably a magnetic fluid, and the viscosity of the magnetic fluid can be quickly adjusted by an external magnetic field. In addition, an adjustment device is provided on the fixed baffle, and the fluid passage area of ​​the damping channel can be adjusted by the adjustment device. The present invention realizes rapid adjustment of the impact force of different impact speeds and different crushing processes by adaptively changing the fluid passage area of ​​the damping channel or changing the magnetic field strength. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a train collision energy absorption structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the train collision energy absorption structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the opening of the damping channel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of closing the damping channel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the regulating device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the movable baffle in the embodiment of the present invention when it is in a low position;

[0032] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the movable baffle in the embodiment of the present invention when it moves to a high position;

[0033] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of a damping channel on a fixed baffle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the closure of the damping channel on the fixed baffle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fixed baffle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.13 is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of a fixed baffle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. collision rod; 2. first slide plate; 3. movable baffle; 4. rotating disk; 5. fixed baffle; 6. second slide plate; 7. spring; 8. damping channel; 9. guide groove; 10. limit groove; 11. main shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a train collision energy absorption structure to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, which can greatly increase the effective crushing stroke of the energy absorption structure and realize rapid regulation and reuse of the impact force.

[0040] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] like Figure 1-Figure 13 As shown, the present embodiment provides a train collision energy absorption structure, including an energy absorption body, the energy absorption body mainly includes a main shell 11, a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other are arranged from front to back in the main shell 11, a damping fluid is arranged in the first cavity, a collision rod 1 is installed at the front end of the first cavity, the front end of the collision rod 1 extends out of the first cavity, and a first slide plate 2 is connected to the rear end of the collision rod 1, the first slide plate 2 can slide from front to back in the first cavity, a damping channel 8 is arranged at the rear end of the first cavity, and the damping channel 8 is connected to the second cavity; the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cavity, a second slide plate 6 is slidably installed in the second cavity, and an elastic element is installed between the rear side of the second slide plate 6 and the rear side wall of the second cavity.

[0043] In which, the damping fluid is located between the first slide plate 2 and the second slide plate 6. Under the action of pressure, the collision rod 1 can drive the first slide plate 2 to move backward, thereby compressing the damping fluid, so that the damping fluid can enter the second cavity through the damping channel 8, pushing the second slide plate 6 to slide backward to compress the elastic element, thereby realizing collision energy absorption.

[0044] Further, it should be noted that the front end and the rear end are the two ends of the train collision energy absorbing structure, and the so-called "from front to rear" can be understood as from one end to the other end; more specifically, in this embodiment, the front end is Figure 1 The left hand side when the center is facing the paper, the rear end is Figure 1 On the right-hand side when the center surface faces the paper, the cross-sectional area is the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the front-to-back direction. When the first cavity and the second cavity are cylindrical cavities, the above cross section is the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical cavity.

[0045] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is larger than that of the first cavity. After the same volume of damping fluid enters the second cavity, it will move a shorter distance, thereby shortening the length of the second cavity. When the total longitudinal length is the same, the length of the first cavity can be made longer, thereby lengthening the crushing stroke and greatly improving the energy absorption effect. Alternatively, the space saved by shortening the second cavity can also be used to install other energy absorption devices to improve the crash resistance of the train.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first cavity and the second cavity are preferably cylindrical cavities, the first cavity and the second cavity are coaxially arranged, and the diameter of the second cavity is larger than the diameter of the first cavity. At this time, the first slide 2 and the second slide 6 correspond to circular slides, and are matched with the first cavity and the second cavity respectively. The first slide 2 can slide axially along the first cavity, and the second slide 6 can slide axially along the second cavity; alternatively, the first cavity and the second cavity can also be rectangular cavities or other polygonal cavities, in which case the side length of the second cavity is greater than the side length of the first cavity; further, the cross-sectional shapes of the first cavity and the second cavity may also be inconsistent, as long as the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cavity.

[0047] In this embodiment, the elastic element is preferably a spring 7 .

[0048] In this embodiment, a fixed baffle plate 5 is installed at the rear end of the first cavity, and the damping channel 8 is arranged between the outer edge of the fixed baffle plate 5 and the inner wall of the first cavity; wherein a groove is arranged on the outer edge of the fixed baffle plate 5 to form the damping channel 8, and except for the groove position, other positions of the outer edge of the fixed baffle plate 5 are sealed and fitted with the inner wall of the first cavity.

[0049] In this embodiment, an adjusting device is also provided on the fixed baffle 5, and the adjusting device can adjust the fluid passing area of ​​the damping channel 8; specifically, the adjusting device includes a driving motor, a rotating disk 4 and a movable baffle 3, the driving motor and the rotating disk 4 are both installed in the installation groove provided on the fixed baffle 5, and the driving motor is connected to the rotating disk 4 and can drive the rotating disk 4 to rotate; a limiting groove 10 is also provided on the fixed baffle 5, and the movable baffle 3 is provided in the limiting groove 10, and the limiting groove 10 can limit the movable baffle 3 to only slide radially along the fixed baffle 5 in the limiting groove 10; the rotating disk 4 is connected to the movable baffle 3 through a connecting rod, specifically, the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the movable baffle 3, a guide groove 9 is provided on the rotating disk 4, the connecting rod passes through the guide groove 9, is clamped on the rotating disk 4, and the connecting rod can slide along the guide groove 9. The connecting rod is preferably a bolt, and a threaded hole is provided at the bottom of the movable baffle 3. After the bolt is matched with the threaded hole, there is no relative movement between the connecting rod and the movable baffle 3.

[0050] In this embodiment, the first end of the guide groove 9 is radially closer to the center of the rotating disk 4 relative to the second end of the guide groove 9. When the driving motor drives the rotating disk 4 to rotate, the bolt can be moved in the guide groove 9, so that the movable baffle 3 slides along the limit groove 10 to adjust the fluid passage area of ​​the damping channel 8; when the bolt is located at the first end of the guide groove 9, the movable baffle 3 does not block the damping channel 8, and the damping channel 8 is fully opened. At this time, the fluid passage area of ​​the damping channel 8 is the largest, and when the bolt slides to the second end of the guide groove 9, the movable baffle 3 can close the damping channel 8.

[0051] In this embodiment, the rotation speed and rotation angle of the driving motor are both adjustable, and the position of the movable baffle 3 can be adjusted by the driving motor, so that the fluid passing area of ​​the damping channel 8 can be adjusted; the width of the guide groove 9 on the rotating disk 4 matches the diameter of the bolt, and the inner wall of the guide groove 9 is tangent to the outer circle of the bolt. The tail of the bolt is a threaded structure for connecting the movable baffle 3, and the head of the bolt is smoothed for sliding in the guide groove 9, and the bolt nut of the bolt head is stuck on the side of the rotating disk 4 facing away from the movable baffle 3.

[0052] In this embodiment, a plurality of damping channels 8 are arranged at circumferential intervals along the fixed baffle plate 5, and a plurality of movable baffle plates 3 are arranged correspondingly. The movable baffle plates 3 are arranged one-to-one with the damping channels 8, wherein four damping channels 8 are preferably arranged; further, all the damping channels 8 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed baffle plate 5.

[0053] In this embodiment, a channel groove is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity near the damping channel 8 , and when the connecting rod slides to the second end of the guide groove 9 , the movable baffle 3 can be inserted into the channel groove.

[0054] In this embodiment, the damping fluid is preferably a magnetic fluid, and the first cavity is provided with an electromagnetic coil capable of applying a magnetic field to the magnetic fluid; the viscosity of the damping fluid is changed by changing the magnetic field strength, thereby changing the damping of the energy absorbing body.

[0055] In this embodiment, the viscosity of the damping fluid can be changed by adjusting the magnetic field strength, thereby changing the damping of the energy absorbing body. The flow area of ​​the damping channel 8 can also be adjusted by driving the movable baffle 3 to move by a driving motor, thereby adjusting the impact force borne by the energy absorbing structure. In this embodiment, the above two methods are used to adjust the impact force borne by the energy absorbing structure. The two methods can act simultaneously or separately according to actual conditions, so that when the collision energy absorbing structure faces collisions at different speeds, the impact force can be adjusted more quickly and the response can be more timely.

[0056] It should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0057] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A train collision energy absorption structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises an energy absorbing body, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity connected to each other are arranged in the energy absorbing body from front to back, a damping fluid is arranged in the first cavity, a collision rod is installed at the front end of the first cavity, the front end of the collision rod extends out of the first cavity, a first slide plate is connected to the rear end of the collision rod, a damping channel is arranged at the rear end of the first cavity, and the damping channel is connected to the second cavity; the cross-sectional area of ​​the second cavity is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first cavity, a second slide plate is slidably installed in the second cavity, and an elastic element is installed between the rear side of the second slide plate and the rear side wall of the second cavity; A fixed baffle is installed at the rear end of the first cavity, the damping channel is arranged between the outer edge of the fixed baffle and the inner wall of the first cavity, and an adjustment device is also arranged on the fixed baffle, and the adjustment device can adjust the fluid passing area of ​​the damping channel; The adjusting device comprises a driving motor, a rotating disk and a movable baffle, wherein the fixed baffle has an installation groove inside, the driving motor and the rotating disk are both installed in the installation groove of the fixed baffle, and the driving motor is connected to the rotating disk; a limiting groove is also provided on the fixed baffle, the movable baffle is arranged in the limiting groove and can slide along the limiting groove, the rotating disk is connected to the movable baffle through a connecting rod, a guide groove is provided on the rotating disk, the connecting rod passes through the guide groove and can slide along the guide groove; The first end of the guide groove is closer to the center of the rotating disk than the second end of the guide groove. When the driving motor drives the rotating disk to rotate, the movable baffle can slide along the limiting groove. When the connecting rod slides to the second end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can close the damping channel. When the connecting rod slides to the first end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can open the damping channel.

2. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cavity and the second cavity are both cylindrical cavities, the first cavity and the second cavity are coaxially arranged, and the diameter of the second cavity is larger than the diameter of the first cavity.

3. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a spring.

4. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of the damping channels are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixed baffle plate, and a plurality of the movable baffle plates are arranged correspondingly, and the movable baffle plates are arranged one-to-one with the damping channels.

5. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: All of the damping channels are evenly distributed along the circumference of the fixed baffle.

6. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A channel groove is provided on the inner wall of the first cavity at a position close to the damping channel, and when the connecting rod slides to the second end of the guide groove, the movable baffle can be inserted into the channel groove.

7. The train collision energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping fluid is a magnetic fluid, and the first cavity is provided with an electromagnetic coil which can apply a magnetic field to the magnetic fluid.

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