A cutting tool applicable to a lathe and a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part

Abstract

The present application discloses a tool applicable to a lathe and a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part, relating to the field of machining tools. It includes a tool holder fixedly arranged on the lathe turret. The tool holder is provided with a cutting assembly for machining the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The tool holder faces the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The cutting assembly includes a cutter head and a cutting part connected to the cutter head. The cutting part includes several cutting tools. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, several cutting tools perform complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece. In the present application, by arranging the tool holder at a position facing the machining end face of the shaft-like workpiece and feeding axially along the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, and performing complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece by several cutting tools, the process of radial feeding is omitted, and the machining efficiency of shaft-like workpieces with a relatively large end face radius and a relatively small axial cutting amount is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machining tools, and in particular to a tool applicable to a lathe and a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part. Background Art

[0002] The end face of a part is the reference for axial positioning and measurement of the part. A lathe is mainly used for machining rotating parts such as shafts and discs. The purpose of the process of machining the end face of a part using a lathe is to make the workpiece reach the specified size. When machining the end face of a shaft-like part using a lathe, generally, the shaft-like part is fixed on the chuck of the lathe, and the turning tool feeds radially to machine the end face of the shaft-like part.

[0003] The feed rate of the turning tool increases as the radius of the end face of the shaft-like part increases. When the radius of the shaft-like workpiece is large and the axial cutting amount of the shaft-like workpiece is small, the feed rate of the turning tool is large, resulting in low machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the problem of low working efficiency when machining a shaft-like part with a large radius and a small axial cutting amount, the present application provides a tool applicable to a lathe and a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part.

[0005] On the one hand, a tool applicable to a lathe provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A tool applicable to a lathe includes a tool holder fixedly arranged on the turret of the lathe. The tool holder is provided with a cutting assembly for machining the end face of a shaft-like workpiece. The tool holder faces the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The cutting assembly includes a tool disc and a cutting part connected to the tool disc. The cutting part includes a plurality of cutting tools. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, the plurality of cutting tools perform complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, during the process of the turret gradually moving towards the shaft-like workpiece, the turning tool feeds axially into the shaft-like workpiece, and the plurality of cutting tools machine the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. When the radius of the end face of the shaft-like workpiece is large and the axial cutting amount is small, the turret only needs to move a small amount axially along the shaft-like workpiece, improving the machining efficiency of the tool for machining a shaft-like workpiece with a large end face radius.

[0008] Optionally, the connecting line between the end of the cutting edge of the cutting tool far from the rotation center of the tool disc and the rotation center of the tool disc is the radial line of the cutting tool, and the angle between the radial line and the cutting edge of the cutting tool is between 15° and 30°.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to not only reduce the projected length of the cutting tool based on the diameter line of the cutting tool, but also extend the length of the cutting tool, which has the beneficial effect of reducing the cutting force of the cutting tool.

[0010] Optionally, the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges of several of the cutting tools and the rotation center of the tool disc are all located on the same straight line.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting line between the center of the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the rotation center of the tool disc is located on the same straight line, and several cutting tools simultaneously machine the end face of the shaft-like workpiece, sharing the cutting stress when the cutting tool cuts the end face of the shaft-like workpiece with each other.

[0012] Optionally, the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges of several of the cutting tools and the rotation center of the tool disc are all located on different straight lines.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, since the connecting lines between the centers of the cutting edges of several cutting tools and the rotation center of the tool disc are all located on different straight lines, when the shaft-like workpiece rotates relative to the tool disc, the cutting tools machine the end face of the shaft-like part in sequence, enabling the cutting tools to be maximally extended and not easily interfering with each other.

[0014] Optionally, the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges of at least two cutting tools close to the center of the tool disc and the rotation center of the tool disc are all located on the same straight line, and the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the remaining cutting tools and the rotation center of the tool disc are all located on different straight lines and different from the straight line where the connecting line between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges of the cutting tools close to the center of the tool disc and the rotation center of the tool disc is located.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting line between the center of the cutting edge of the cutting tool near the axis of the shaft-like workpiece and the rotation center of the tool disc is located on the same straight line, so that when several cutting tools machine the end face of the shaft-like workpiece, the center of the shaft-like workpiece is flatter and less likely to have convex or concave points.

[0016] Optionally, the tool disc is provided with several cutting grooves adapted to the cutting tools, and the cutting tools are connected to the side walls of the tool disc where the cutting grooves are opened.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the iron chips generated during the process of the cutting tool machining the end face of the shaft-like workpiece fall along the cutting grooves. Under the combined action of the self-gravity of the iron chips and the guidance of the cutting grooves, the iron chips fall and are not easily splashed.

[0018] Optionally, at least two machining parts are provided on one of the cutting tools, one of the machining parts is located on one side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, and one of the machining parts is located on the other side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, one of the cutting tools covers the axis center of the shaft-like workpiece. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates relative to the cutter head, this cutting tool covers and cuts the axis center of the shaft-like workpiece, making the end face of the shaft-like workpiece more smoothly machined.

[0020] Optionally, an air blowing pipe is penetrated inside the cutter head. One end of the air blowing pipe is communicated with an external air pump, and the other end of the air blowing pipe is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes. The plurality of branch pipes respectively extend to the outside of the side wall of the cutter head where the cutting grooves are opened.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the staff controls the external air pump to be turned on, the branch pipes penetrate through the cutter head and blow air at the cutting tool, so that the iron chips generated during the machining process of the end face of the shaft-like workpiece are not easily adhered to the cutting tool, improving the machining accuracy of the end face of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0022] On the other hand, a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part provided in this application is applicable to the cutting tool.

[0023] Optionally, it includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Install the shaft-like workpiece on the chuck of the lathe;

[0025] S2. Install the cutting tool on the turret of the lathe and make the cutting tool face the end face of the shaft-like workpiece;

[0026] S3. Install a plurality of cutting tools on the cutter head. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, the plurality of cutting tools can completely turn the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece, and the included angle between the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the radial line of the cutting tool is 15° - 30°, and the connecting lines between the centers of the lengths of the cutting edges of the plurality of cutting tools and the rotation center of the cutter head are respectively located on different straight lines;

[0027] S4. The chuck of the lathe drives the shaft-like workpiece to start rotating, and the lathe bed gradually moves towards the direction close to the tool tip, so that the plurality of cutting tools perform turning machining on the end of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the cutting tool faces the end of the shaft-like workpiece to machine the shaft-like workpiece. The plurality of cutting tools can share the stress generated during cutting with each other, and due to the angle between the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the radial line of the cutting tool, it can not only reduce the length of the projection of the cutting edge of the cutting tool on the radial line of the cutting tool, but also extend the length of the cutting tool, achieving the maximum increase in the number of cutting tools distributed on the cutter head, thereby having the effect of reducing the cutting resistance of the cutting tool.

[0029] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The cutting tool processes a shaft-like workpiece facing the end of the shaft-like workpiece. A plurality of cutting blades can share the stress generated during cutting with each other. And due to the angle between the cutting edge of the cutting blade and the radial line of the cutting blade, it can not only reduce the length of the projection of the cutting edge of the cutting blade on the radial line of the cutting blade, but also extend the length of the cutting blade, achieving a maximum increase in the number of cutting blades distributed on the tool disc, thereby having the effect of reducing the cutting resistance of the cutting blade.

[0031] 2. One of the cutting blades covers the axis center of the shaft-like workpiece. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates relative to the tool disc, this cutting blade covers and cuts the axis center of the shaft-like workpiece, making the end face of the shaft-like workpiece more flatly machined. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a cutting tool applicable to a lathe in the first embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 is a front view of the tool disc in the first embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the blow pipe in the first embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 is a front view of the tool disc in the second embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Figure 5 is a front view of the tool disc in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 6 is a front view of the tool disc in the fourth embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 7 is a front view of the tool disc in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1, tool rest; 2, cutting assembly; 3, tool disc; 4, cutting part; 5, cutting blade; 6, radial line; 7, rotation center; 8, cutting groove; 9, machining part; 10, blow pipe; 11, branch pipe; 12, cutting edge. Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0040] The following further describes the present application in detail Figures 1-7 with reference to the accompanying

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] The first embodiment of the present application discloses a cutting tool applicable to a lathe. Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, A tool applicable to a lathe, including a tool holder 1 fixedly arranged on a turret. A cutting assembly 2 for machining the end of a shaft-like part is arranged on the tool holder 1. The tool holder 1 faces the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The cutting assembly 2 includes a cutter head 3 with a circular cross-section and a cutting part 4 arranged on the cutter head 3. The cutting part 4 includes several cutting tools 5. When machining the shaft-like workpiece, the cutting trajectory of each cutting tool 5 forms a ring at the end of the shaft-like workpiece. Different cutting tools 5 form different rings, and different rings form an entire cutting surface. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week relative to the cutting assembly 2, several cutting tools 5 can perform complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The line connecting the end of the cutting edge 12 of the cutting tool 5 far from the rotation center 7 of the cutter head 3 to the rotation center 7 of the cutter head 3 is the radial line 6 of the cutting tool 5. In this embodiment, there are two cutting tools 5, and the cutting edges 12 of the two cutting tools 5 coincide with their respective radial lines 6, so that the line connecting the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges 12 of the two cutting tools 5 and the rotation center 7 of the cutter head is on the same straight line.

[0043] Refer to Figure 1 , The cutter head 3 is also provided with two cutting grooves 8. The cutting tool 5 is detachably connected to the side wall of the cutter head 3 where the cutting groove 8 is opened. Different cutting tools 5 are respectively located at different cutting grooves 8. The inside of the cutting groove 8 is arc-shaped, so that the debris generated when the shaft-like workpiece rotates relative to the cutting assembly 2 falls through the cutting groove 8.

[0044] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , A blow pipe 10 is also penetrated in the cutter head 3. One end of the blow pipe 10 passes through the cutter head 3 and the tool holder 1 and is communicated with an external air pump. The other end of the blow pipe 10 is communicated with two branch pipes 11. The ends of the two branch pipes 11 far from the blow pipe 10 respectively extend to the side walls of the cutter head 3 where the cutting grooves 8 are opened and blow air towards different cutting tools 5.

[0045] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: The staff first clamps the shaft-like workpiece on the jaws of the lathe, and then installs the cutting assembly 2 on the turret of the lathe. The turret moves along the axial direction of the shaft-like workpiece. The jaws of the lathe drive the shaft-like workpiece to start rotating. When the turret drives the cutting assembly 2 to move towards the shaft-like workpiece, the two cutting tools 5 perform complete cutting on the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The debris generated during the processing falls downward under the guidance of the cutting groove 8. When the air pump is in the open state, the air flow enters the two branch pipes 11 through the blow pipe 10, and the two branch pipes 11 blow air at the two cutting tools 5 respectively, so that the cutting tools 5 are not easily adhered with debris. The staff only needs to adjust the moving amount of the cutting assembly 2 according to the size of the axial machining amount of the shaft-like workpiece. Also, since the cutting tools 5 all feed in the axial direction for machining the part, the radial feed step is omitted. When the radius of the machining end face of the shaft-like workpiece is large and the axial machining amount is small, it has a higher cutting efficiency.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This application example discloses a tool applicable to a lathe. Refer to Figure 4 , a tool applicable to a lathe has the same main structure and functions as those in the first example of this application. The difference lies in that the angle between the cutting edge 12 of the cutting tool 5 and the radial line 6 of the cutting tool 5 is between 15° and 30°. In this example, the number of cutting tools 5 can be two or more than two, and the connection lines between the centers of the cutting edges 12 of each cutting tool 5 in the length direction and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc are all on the same straight line.

[0048] The implementation principle of this example is different from that of the first example in that when the cutting tool 5 processes the end face of a shaft-like workpiece, it can not only reduce the projected length of the cutting tool 5 based on the radial line 6 of the cutting tool 5, but also extend the length of the cutting edge 12 of the cutting tool 5, and reduce the shear stress received by the cutting tool 5.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] This application example discloses a tool applicable to a lathe. Refer to Figure 5 , a tool applicable to a lathe has the same main structure and functions as those in the first example of this application. The difference lies in that the angle between the cutting edge 12 of the cutting tool 5 and the radial line 6 of the cutting tool 5 is between 15° and 30°. In this example, the number of cutting tools 5 can be two or more than two, and the connection lines between the centers of the cutting edges 12 of each cutting tool 5 in the length direction and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc 3 are all on different straight lines.

[0051] The implementation principle of this example is different from that of the first example in that by distributing the cutting tools 5 in a staggered manner, the distribution quantity of the cutting tools 5 on the tool disc 3 can be maximized, and the shear stress received by the cutting tools 5 can be reduced.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] This application example discloses a tool applicable to a lathe. Refer to Figure 6 , a tool applicable to a lathe has the same main structure and functions as those in the first example of this application. The difference lies in that in this application example, the number of cutting tools 5 can be three or more than three. Among them, the connection lines between the centers of the cutting edges 12 of at least two cutting tools 5 close to the center of the tool disc 3 in the length direction and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc 3 are on the same straight line, while the connection lines between the centers of the cutting edges in the length direction of the other cutting tools 5 and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc 3 are all on different straight lines, and are different from the straight line where the connection line between the center of the cutting edge 5 of the cutting tool close to the center of the tool disc 3 and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc 3 is located.

[0054] The implementation principle of this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that: the cutting tool 5 near the center of the disc is subject to a greater shear stress. Therefore, by such a setting, the length of each cutting tool 5 near the center of the disc is reduced, and the sum of the cutting tools 5 near the center of the disc can meet the length required for central cutting of the shaft-like workpiece, so that the cutting tools 5 can share the shear stress with each other.

[0055] Embodiment Five

[0056] This application embodiment discloses a tool applicable to a lathe. Referring to Figure 7 , a tool applicable to a lathe has the same main structure and functions as those of the first embodiment of this application. The difference lies in that: in the embodiment of this application, the cutting tool 5 can be two or more than two. Among them, at least two machining parts 9 are provided on the cutting tool 5 near the center of the tool disc 3. One machining part 9 is located on one side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, and at least one machining part 9 is located on the other side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0057] The implementation principle of this embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that: since the machining part 9 covers the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, when the shaft-like workpiece rotates, when machining the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, it is covered and cut by one cutting tool 5, making the cutting tool 5 machine the end face of the shaft-like workpiece more smoothly.

[0058] This application also provides a method for machining the end face of a shaft-like part, which is applicable to the tool in the fourth embodiment and includes the following steps:

[0059] S1. Install the shaft-like workpiece on the jaws of the lathe;

[0060] S2. Install the tool on the turret of the lathe and make the tool face the end face of the shaft-like workpiece;

[0061] S3. Install a number of cutting tools on the tool disc. When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, the number of cutting tools can completely machine the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The angle between the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the radial line of the cutting tool is 15° - 30°, and the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges of the number of cutting tools and the rotation center 7 of the tool disc are respectively located on different straight lines;

[0062] S4. The jaws of the lathe drive the shaft-like workpiece to start rotating, and the lathe base gradually moves in the direction close to the tool head, so that the number of cutting tools machine the end part of the shaft-like workpiece.

[0063] The above are all the preferred embodiments of this application. The protection scope of this application is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A cutting tool applicable to a lathe, comprising a tool holder (1) fixedly arranged on the tool turret of the lathe, wherein the tool holder (1) is provided with a cutting component (2) for machining the end face of a shaft-like workpiece, and is characterized in that: The tool rest (1) faces the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The cutting assembly (2) includes a tool disc (3) and a cutting part (4) connected to the tool disc (3). The cutting part (4) includes a plurality of cutting tools (5). When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, the plurality of cutting tools (5) perform complete cutting on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The connecting line between the end of the cutting edge (12) of the cutting tool (5) far from the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) and the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) is the radial line (6) of the cutting tool (5). The angle between the radial line (6) and the cutting edge (12) of the cutting tool (5) is between 15° and 30°. The connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges (12) of at least two cutting tools (5) close to the center of the tool disc (3) and the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) are all on the same straight line. The connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges (12) of the remaining cutting tools (5) and the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) are all on different straight lines and different from the straight line where the connecting line between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges (12) of the cutting tools (5) close to the center of the tool disc (3) and the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) is located.

2. The cutting tool applicable to a lathe according to claim 1, wherein: The tool disc (3) is provided with a plurality of cutting grooves (8) adapted to the cutting tools (5). The cutting tools (5) are connected to the side walls of the cutting grooves (8) opened on the tool disc (3).

3. A cutting tool applicable to a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the cutting tools (5) has at least two machining parts (9). One of the machining parts (9) is on one side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece, and one of the machining parts (9) is on the other side of the axis of the shaft-like workpiece.

4. A tool applicable to a lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air blowing pipe (10) is inserted into the tool disc (3). One end of the air blowing pipe (10) is communicated with an external air pump, and the other end of the air blowing pipe (10) is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes (11). The plurality of branch pipes (11) respectively extend to the outside of the side walls of the cutting grooves (8) opened on the tool disc (3).

5. A method for machining the end face of shaft parts applicable to the tool for lathe described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Install the shaft-like workpiece on the chuck of the lathe. S2. Install the tool on the turret of the lathe and make the tool face the end face of the shaft-like workpiece. S3. Install a plurality of cutting tools (5) on the tool disc (3). When the shaft-like workpiece rotates one week, the plurality of cutting tools (5) can perform complete turning on the entire end face of the shaft-like workpiece. The angle between the cutting edge (12) of the cutting tool (5) and the radial line (6) of the cutting tool (5) is between 15° and 30°, and the connecting lines between the centers in the length direction of the cutting edges (12) of the plurality of cutting tools (5) and the rotation center (7) of the tool disc (3) are respectively on different straight lines. S4. The chuck of the lathe drives the shaft-like workpiece to start rotating, and the lathe bed gradually moves towards the direction close to the tool tip, so that the plurality of cutting tools (5) perform turning processing on the end of the shaft-like workpiece.

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