A salt-avoiding cultivation method for crops in saline-alkali land and a cultivation container thereof

Abstract

A salt-avoiding cultivation method for crops in saline-alkali land, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: step 1, measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer of the saline-alkali land; step 2, digging a planting hole formed by the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth b of the planting hole is greater than the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer; step 3, placing a cultivation container in the planting hole, wherein the height c of the top of the cultivation container is higher than the saline-alkali surface layer, so as to prevent external saline-alkali land from entering the planting hole; step 4, the cultivation container is filled with a cultivation matrix, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in close contact with salt-free soil; step 5, in arid areas, a drip irrigation head is inserted into each cultivation container for irrigation and topdressing; step 6, implanting crop seeds or seedlings into the cultivation matrix for maintenance and planting; step 7, selecting different locations and repeating the operations of steps 1 to 6 every year, so as to gradually improve the soil quality of the saline-alkali land through the cultivation matrix.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a salt-avoiding cultivation method for crops in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] At present, saline-alkali land is one of the most representative non-arable land in the world. The salt layer of saline-alkali land is formed by the long-term evaporation of groundwater. Although the salt layer is mostly only 10 to 20 centimeters thick, it hinders plant growth under traditional cultivation conditions and is not suitable for agricultural cultivation. At present, agricultural development in saline-alkali land mostly uses relatively salt-tolerant plants such as rice, and draws groundwater for flooding and flushing to reduce salt concentration. This method requires a large amount of groundwater, consumes a lot of energy, and has limited benefits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and provides a salt-avoiding cultivation method for crops in saline-alkali land, which isolates the exogenous cultivation matrix from the surface salt of the saline-alkali land, reduces water and energy consumption, and has greater benefits.

[0004] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting a technical solution: the salt-avoiding cultivation method of crops in saline-alkali land, wherein the cultivation method steps are as follows:

[0005] Step 1, measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer in the saline-alkali land;

[0006] Step 2: digging the planting holes formed in the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth of the planting holes b>the thickness of the saline-alkali layer a;

[0007] Step 3: Place a cultivation container in the planting hole, with the top of the cultivation container being above the saline-alkali surface by a height of c to prevent external saline-alkali land from entering the planting area;

[0008] Step 4: The cultivation container is filled with a cultivation substrate, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in close contact with the salt-free soil;

[0009] Step 5. In arid areas, a drip irrigation head is inserted into each cultivation container for irrigation and topdressing.

[0010] Step 6, planting the crop seeds or seedlings into the cultivation medium for maintenance and planting;

[0011] Step seven, select different locations and repeat steps one to six every year to gradually improve the soil quality of the saline-alkali land through the cultivation medium.

[0012] In order to further improve, according to different crops, the planting holes are cultivation holes with a depth b of 35-55 cm, a diameter of 35-55 cm, and a flat bottom. The cultivation holes are distributed in multiple rows, and the distance between the cultivation holes in the same row is 0.5-3 meters, and the spacing between the left and right rows is 1-5 meters. The cultivation holes between the two rows are staggered, and the cultivation holes are larger to ensure that the salt layer with salt in the cultivation area is completely removed. The cultivation holes are staggered to ensure light between the cultivated crops and at the same time ensure sufficient growth and development space for the crops.

[0013] Further improvement, according to the planting habits and planting methods of different crops, the planting holes (17) can also be strip-shaped planting trenches, with a depth of 35-45 cm and a width of 30-45 cm;

[0014] The cultivation container placed in the strip cultivation furrow can be a rectangular cultivation trough with a depth of 25-35 cm, a width of 20-35 cm, and an unlimited length. Small holes are opened at the bottom of the cultivation trough to facilitate the downward growth of the plant roots.

[0015] For further improvement, in areas with scarce rainfall, for some crops with underdeveloped root systems such as corn, the cultivation containers can also be isolation boards arranged on both sides of the strip cultivation trenches. The isolation boards serve to isolate the salt layer and standardize the cultivation substrate. The height of the isolation boards is 25-35 cm. The isolation boards are used as walls. Two isolation boards form a bottomless cultivation trough with a depth of 35-45 cm and a width of 30-45 cm. The length is unlimited. There is no bottom in the cultivation trough, and the cultivation substrate is in direct contact with the salt-free soil.

[0016] Further improvement, the isolation plate includes a saline-alkali layer isolation part, a surface isolation part connected above the saline-alkali layer isolation part, and a bottom isolation part connected below the saline-alkali layer isolation part. A blocking strip protruding outward is provided between the bottom isolation part and the saline-alkali layer isolation part. A row of puncture parts for easy penetration is provided at the bottom end of the bottom isolation part. The isolation plate is composed of three parts. The saline-alkali layer isolation part and the surface isolation part are made of corrosion-resistant and waterproof materials to prevent the salt layer of the outer saline-alkali land from corroding the isolation plate. At the same time, the water with higher salt content in the outer salt layer diffuses into the cultivation substrate. A puncture part is provided to facilitate the isolation plate to be inserted into the planting area for rapid fixation, and to facilitate rapid positioning of the isolation plate.

[0017] To be further improved, a support rod is provided at the upper end of the puncture part, sliding grooves located outside the support rod are opened on the inner sides of the bottom isolation part and the saline-alkali layer isolation part, a number of evenly arranged positioning holes are opened on the inner side of the surface isolation part, and the bottom isolation part, the saline-alkali layer isolation part and the surface isolation part are arranged on the outside of the support rod in sequence from bottom to top, and a support rod is provided. The saline-alkali layer isolation part, the bottom isolation part and the surface isolation part are movably connected on the outside of the support rod, which is convenient for replacing and selecting the saline-alkali layer isolation part, the bottom isolation part and the surface isolation part of corresponding height in saline-alkali land with different salt layer thicknesses, so as to better adapt to the local soil environment.

[0018] For further improvement, a channel groove is opened at the lower end of the saline-alkali layer isolation part, and the blocking bar is slidably connected in the channel groove. A limiting part is provided at the right end of the blocking bar and is clamped on the outside of the channel groove. A guiding slope which is gradually inclined downward from the outside to the inside is provided at the upper end of the limiting part. An extrusion part which squeezes the blocking bar outward through the guiding slope is provided at the lower end of the surface isolation part. The blocking bar presses the guiding slope downward through the extrusion part and then slides outward and is extruded. Then, when the surface isolation part is installed, the blocking bar is inserted into the outer planting area for fixation, thereby realizing the fixation and positioning of the isolation board in the vertical direction.

[0019] Further improvement, when the crops are planted in a hole planting manner, the cultivation container is a plastic container with holes opened at the bottom.

[0020] For further improvement, the cultivation container can also be a matrix bag for wrapping the cultivation matrix, and the matrix bag is made of plastic film.

[0021] For further improvement, a card slot is provided at the front end of the isolation board, and a fixed edge which can be inserted into the card slot is provided at the rear end of the isolation board, so that the isolation boards can be connected end to end to form a square fence structure, which is convenient for planting different crops.

[0022] To be further improved, the cultivation matrix is ​​formed by artificial preparation and mixed fermentation of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure, that is, it is processed through biological transformation to become a medium for agricultural planting. The cultivation matrix is ​​professionally configured according to different types of crops.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes cultivation containers for hole-shaped or strip-shaped planting, isolates the exogenous cultivation substrate from the surface salt of the saline-alkali land, and utilizes natural rainfall or groundwater drip irrigation for irrigation; (1) by excavating a smaller area of ​​saline-alkali land for isolated and zoned planting, the amount of cultivation substrate input is effectively reduced, thereby reducing the input cost; (2) the planting area required is smaller than that required for current flat-laying cultivation, thereby reducing the water evaporation surface and minimizing the water consumption; (3) there is no need to weed other saline-alkali land areas outside the planting holes or ditches, thereby minimizing weed damage; (4) the cultivation substrate contains a large amount of nutrients, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and alleviating land salinization; and (5) placing cultivation containers at different locations for cultivation every year or every other year is equivalent to regularly increasing soil organic matter and soil microbial activity, thereby gradually improving the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cultivation trough composed of isolation plates;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the isolation plate;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the puncture part;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of part A;

[0028] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a plastic container;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the cultivation holes during pit planting;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cultivation container during strip planting;

[0031] Figure 8 This is the location distribution map of plastic containers during hole loading.

[0032] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. saline-alkali layer isolation part, 2. surface isolation part, 3. bottom isolation part, 4. blocking strip, 5. puncture part, 6. support rod, 7. sliding groove, 8. positioning hole, 9. channel groove, 10. limiting part, 11. guide slope, 12. extrusion part, 13. plastic container, 14. isolation plate, 15. card slot, 16. fixed edge, 17. cultivation hole, 18. strip planting ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Refer to the attached figure:

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Watermelon hole planting in saline-alkali land:

[0037] 1. Seedling cultivation: watermelon seedlings are grown in nutrient pots, and transplanted when the seedling height is 10-20 cm;

[0038] 2. The thickness of the saline-alkali layer is measured to be a, which is 20 cm;

[0039] 3. Digging holes: dig cultivation holes 17 with farm tools or small excavators, the hole depth b is 45 cm, the diameter is 45 cm, the hole bottom is relatively flat, the number of cultivation holes 17 per mu is 80, the holes are distributed in multiple rows, the distance between the cultivation holes 17 in the same row is 2 meters, the distance between the left and right rows is 4 meters, and the holes between the two rows should be staggered so that the adjacent four holes are prismatic, forming a prismatic network distribution;

[0040] 4. Cultivation container: You can choose a plastic container with a height of 40 cm, a diameter of 35 cm and a hole at the bottom;

[0041] 5. Substrate: Each plastic container is filled with 15 kg of cultivation substrate, which is placed in the excavated cultivation hole 17. The bottom of the plastic container is filled with cultivation substrate so that it is 5 cm above the ground, and the surrounding area is fixed with soil;

[0042] 6. Sowing: Plant the seedlings in the container matrix or sow directly, 3-4 plants per hole;

[0043] 7. Maintenance: Install and activate drip irrigation and irrigate according to the seedling conditions.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Corn strip planting in saline-alkali land:

[0046] 1. Seedling cultivation: Cultivate corn seedlings in nutrient pots, and transplant them when the seedling height is 10-15 cm;

[0047] 2. The thickness of the saline-alkali layer is measured to be 15 cm;

[0048] 3. Digging: dig square planting trenches 18 with farm implements or small machines. The depth b of the square planting trenches is 35 cm and the width is 30 cm. The bottom of the trench is relatively flat and the spacing between the trenches is 70-80 cm.

[0049] 4. Cultivation container: A rectangular cultivation trough with a height of 25 cm, a width of 20 cm and a hole at the bottom can be used, or two 25 cm high isolation boards 14 can be used to form a bottomless cultivation trough;

[0050] 5. Putting the matrix: put the rectangular cultivation trough or isolation board 14 into the strip cultivation ditch, fill the soil under the rectangular cultivation trough or isolation board 14 so that the rectangular cultivation trough or isolation board 14 is higher than the ground, fill each rectangular cultivation trough or two isolation boards 14 with cultivation matrix, and press the surrounding of the rectangular cultivation trough or isolation board 14 with soil;

[0051] 6. Sowing: Plant the seedlings in the matrix between the rectangular cultivation trough or the isolation board 14 or directly sow them, with a spacing of 30 cm between plants;

[0052] 7. Maintenance: Install and activate drip irrigation and irrigate according to the seedling conditions.

[0053] When the isolation plate 14 is in use, the puncture part 5 is first inserted into the left and right sides of the strip planting groove filled with the cultivation substrate, and then the bottom isolation part 3 and the saline-alkali layer isolation part 1 are successively clamped on the outside of the support rod 6 through the sliding groove 7, and then the positioning hole 8 on the surface isolation part 2 is matched with the support rod 6, the surface isolation part 2 is pressed down, and the guide inclined surface 11 at the lower end is pressed by the extrusion part 12, so that the blocking bar 4 moves outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the planting area until the lower end of the surface isolation part 2 contacts the upper end of the saline-alkali layer isolation part 1 and stops. At this time, the limiting part 10 on the inner side of the blocking bar 4 just slides to the right side of the channel groove 9 and contacts the bottom isolation part 3.

[0054] If the depth of the saline-alkali layer exceeds the above cultivation container specifications, the container depth needs to be increased accordingly.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Matrix cultivation of jujube trees in saline-alkali land:

[0057] 1. Seedling cultivation: Use greenhouse to cultivate seedlings, and transplant them after the seedlings are 20 cm tall;

[0058] 2. The thickness of the saline-alkali layer is measured to be a, which is 15 cm;

[0059] 3. Digging holes: Use farm tools or a small excavator to dig cultivation holes 17, with a hole depth b of 45 cm and a diameter of 40 cm. The bottom of the hole is relatively flat, with a row spacing of 4 meters and a plant spacing of 3 meters.

[0060] 4. Matrix bag: Jujube trees are suitable for cylindrical matrix bags, 40 cm high and 40 cm in diameter, made of polyvinyl chloride film or other plastic materials, with 15 kg of cultivation matrix per package. The matrix bag should be sealed before cultivation.

[0061] 5. Use substrate: special substrate for jujube trees with high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content;

[0062] 6. Cultivation operation: fill part of the cultivation matrix in the cultivation hole 17, and then put the matrix bag into the dug cultivation hole 17, so that the matrix bag is set higher than the ground to reduce the influence of surface salt; before burying the bag, open a small hole with a diameter of 5 cm at the bottom of the matrix bag to facilitate drip irrigation and drainage, and help the roots of the plants to penetrate into the low-salt mud below; when cultivating, cut the top of the matrix bag, and implant the jujube seedlings into the bag, one plant per bag; insert a dripper head into each bag;

[0063] 7. Maintenance: Water or install and activate the drip irrigation system according to the growth conditions; it should be pointed out that in arid areas, drip irrigation is mainly used, and the top of the substrate bag is not open to reduce evaporation; in non-drought areas, the top of the substrate bag can be opened to receive rainwater, but the substrate bag is higher than the ground to prevent salt water from splashing in during rainy days;

[0064] 8. Cultivation and harvesting management should be carried out according to routine operations. It should be noted that jujube trees are perennial crops, and large seedlings, especially during the fruiting period, can be topdressed by adding bacterial liquid through drip irrigation.

[0065] Although the present invention has been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating crops in saline-alkali land to avoid salt, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, measuring the thickness a of the saline-alkali layer in the saline-alkali land; Step 2: digging the planting holes formed in the saline-alkali surface layer, wherein the depth of the planting holes b>the thickness of the saline-alkali layer a; Step 3: Place a cultivation container in the planting hole, with the top of the cultivation container being above the saline-alkali surface by a height of c to prevent external saline-alkali land from entering the planting area; Step 4: The cultivation container is filled with a cultivation substrate, and the bottom of the cultivation container is in close contact with the salt-free soil; Step 5: In arid areas, a drip irrigation head is inserted into each cultivation container for irrigation and topdressing; Step 6, planting the crop seeds or seedlings into the cultivation medium for maintenance and planting; Step 7, select different locations and repeat the above steps 1 to 6 every year to gradually improve the soil quality of the saline-alkali land through the cultivation matrix; The planting hole is a strip planting ditch (18), and the cultivation container is an isolation plate (14) arranged on both sides of the strip planting ditch (18). The isolation plate (14) comprises a saline-alkali layer isolation part (1), a surface isolation part (2) connected above the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1), and a bottom isolation part (3) connected below the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1). An outwardly protruding blocking strip (4) is provided between the bottom isolation part (3) and the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1). A row of puncture parts (5) for easy penetration are provided at the bottom end of the bottom isolation part (3). A support rod (6) is provided at the upper end of the puncture part (5). A sliding groove located outside the support rod (6) is provided on the inner side of the bottom isolation part (3) and the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1). (7), a plurality of evenly arranged positioning holes (8) are provided on the inner side of the surface isolation part (2), the bottom isolation part (3), the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1) and the surface isolation part (2) are arranged on the outer side of the support rod (6) in sequence from bottom to top, a channel groove (9) is provided on the lower end of the saline-alkali layer isolation part (1), the blocking bar (4) is slidably connected in the channel groove (9), a limiting part (10) is provided at the right end of the blocking bar (4) and is clamped on the outer side of the channel groove (9), a guiding inclined surface (11) which is gradually inclined downward from the outside to the inside is provided at the upper end of the limiting part (10), and an extrusion part (12) which is used to extrude the blocking bar (4) outward through the guiding inclined surface (11) is provided at the lower end of the surface isolation part (2); The guide inclined surface (11) at the lower end is pressed by the extrusion portion (12), so that the blocking strip (4) moves outward and is inserted into the inner wall of the planting area until the lower end of the surface isolation portion (2) contacts the upper end of the saline-alkali layer isolation portion (1) and stops. At this time, the limiting portion (10) on the inner side of the blocking strip (4) just slides to the right side of the channel groove (9) and contacts the bottom isolation portion (3).

2. The salt-avoiding cultivation method for crops in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strip planting ditch (18) has a depth of 35-45 cm and a width of 30-45 cm.

3. A method for cultivating crops in saline-alkali land to avoid salt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the isolation board (14) is 25-35 cm. The isolation board (14) is used as a wall. Two isolation boards (14) form a bottomless cultivation trough. The cultivation trough has a depth of 35-45 cm and a width of 30-45 cm.

4. A method for cultivating crops in saline-alkali land to avoid salt according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The front end of the isolation plate (14) is provided with a slot (15), and the rear end of the isolation plate (14) is provided with a fixed edge (16) that can be inserted into the slot.

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