Tube electrode and electrolytic milling method for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a tube electrode and an electrolytic milling method for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures, belonging to the technical field of tube electrode electrolytic milling; comprising a tube electrode body, the tube electrode body is hollow inside, the upper end of the tube electrode body is a liquid inlet end, the lower end is a liquid outlet end, the lower side wall of the tube electrode body is provided with an insulating layer along the circumferential part, the liquid outlet end includes a horizontal end face and an inclined end face, the horizontal end face is a semicircular face, and the inclined end face is inclined from the end face of the semicircular face to the side wall of the tube electrode body. A pulsating electric field is formed by arranging the insulating layer, and a pulsating flow field is formed by setting the inclined end face. The pulsating flow field can enhance the flushing effect in the machining gap, and the pulsating electric field can discrete the material dissolution process and product distribution. The coupling of the two can greatly improve the discharge efficiency of the electrolytic products in the machining gap, reduce its influence on the machining process, and improve the machining quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tube electrode electrolytic milling, and in particular to a tube electrode used for electrolytic machining of a deep narrow groove structure and an electrolytic milling method. Background Art

[0002] The tube electrode electrolytic milling method is based on the principle of electrochemical anode dissolution. It uses the electric field of the tube electrode side wall and the electrolyte in the processing area to electrolytically process the metal anode, i.e. the workpiece to be processed, to obtain the desired structure. The tube electrode electrolytic milling method generally adopts an internal spraying liquid supply method. After the electrolyte is sprayed out from the hollow structure tube electrode, it passes through the processed bottom surface of the workpiece and then reversely sprays into the processing area between the outer wall of the tube electrode and the metal anode. While completing the electrolytic milling process, it takes away the electrolytic products and heat. However, during the processing, the electrolytic products are not easy to be taken away, which affects the efficiency and quality of the processing.

[0003] Especially for the processing of deep and narrow grooves, as the aspect ratio increases, the flow rate of the electrolyte drops rapidly during movement, the kinetic energy loss is large, and the electrolysis products and heat cannot be discharged well; as the length of the electrolytic milling groove increases, the inner diameter of the tube electrode will be blocked, which will reduce the electrolyte flow, and then cause sparks or even short circuits, affecting the stability and quality of the machining process.

[0004] Chinese patent CN201510747358.5 discloses a method for eliminating eddy currents in the flow field of a tube electrode electrolytic machining gap. The tube electrode is punched with a laser drilling process, and the punched tube electrode is insulated accordingly. During electrolytic machining, the electrolyte flows downward in the tube electrode and is ejected outward from the outlet at the lower end of the tube electrode. The electrolyte beam ejected from the tube electrode outlet impacts the electrolytic machining area, and part of the electrolyte is ejected from the side holes of the tube electrode. The eddy current zone of the electrolyte in the machining area is eliminated under the impact and disturbance of the electrolyte ejected from the side holes, and the electrolytic products are discharged from the machining area in time during the circulation of the electrolyte. At the same time, under the action of the reaction force when the electrolyte impacts, the amplitude of the vibration of the tube electrode caused by the electrolyte flow is reduced. By eliminating the eddy current zone to discharge the electrolytic processing products and reducing the tube electrode amplitude, the occurrence of short circuit in the processing process can be effectively reduced, and the process stability of tube electrode electrolytic processing can be improved; however, the processing of this device is complicated, and the side is completely insulated, so it can only perform deep hole processing on the workpiece and cannot meet the processing requirements in the horizontal direction;

[0005] In summary, the existing tube electrode and electrolytic milling processing methods have the problem that the electrolytic products and heat cannot be discharged well; they are prone to cause blockage, short circuit and other problems, affecting the processing process. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention provides a tube electrode and an electrolytic milling method for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures.

[0007] In order to solve the technical problem that electrolytic products and heat cannot be discharged well in the tube electrode and electrolytic milling processing method in the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a tube electrode for electrolytic processing of deep narrow groove structure, including a tube electrode body, the tube electrode body is hollow inside, the upper end of the tube electrode body is a liquid inlet end, and the lower end is a liquid outlet end, the lower side wall of the tube electrode body is provided with an insulating layer along the circumferential part, the liquid outlet end includes a horizontal end face and an inclined end face, the horizontal end face is a semicircular face, and the inclined end face is inclined from the end face of the semicircular face to the side wall of the tube electrode body.

[0008] Preferably, the inclined end face is provided with an end face insulation layer.

[0009] Preferably, the angle formed between the inclined end surface and the horizontal end surface is 10-80 degrees.

[0010] Preferably, the insulating layer occupies 20%-70% of the circumferential area of ​​the side wall of the tube electrode body.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the insulating layer is 30-50 μm.

[0012] Preferably, the length of the insulating layer is more than 5 mm greater than the processing depth, so that the insulating effect is good during processing and leakage is prevented.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the tube electrode body is 80-100 mm, and the length of the tube electrode body is the length from the horizontal end surface to the liquid inlet end.

[0014] Preferably, the angle between the vertical symmetrical cross section of the insulating layer and the vertical symmetrical cross section of the inclined end face is the insulation phase, and the angle of the insulation phase increases as the insulating layer rotates around the circumference of the tube electrode body, and the angle range of the insulation phase is 0-360 degrees.

[0015] Preferably, the insulating layer and the end surface insulating layer are made of Teflon.

[0016] An application of the aforementioned tube electrode in a tube electrode electrolytic milling process.

[0017] An electrolytic milling method, using the aforementioned tube electrode, comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: The workpiece is fixedly mounted on the X / Y axis moving platform of the processing machine tool, and the tube electrode body 1 is connected to the hollow liquid-through rotating spindle of the hollow rotating spindle motor, and the hollow rotating spindle motor is mounted on the Z axis moving platform of the processing machine tool;

[0019] Step 2: electrically connect the negative electrode of the power supply to the uninsulated part of the upper part of the tube electrode body, and electrically connect the positive electrode of the power supply to the workpiece;

[0020] Step 3: Connect the liquid inlet end of the tube electrode body to an electrolyte source, so that the electrolyte flows from the liquid inlet end to the liquid outlet end;

[0021] Step 4: Start the processing machine tool, turn on the power, the hollow rotating spindle motor drives the tube electrode body to rotate, the Z-axis moving platform controls the tube electrode body to move toward the workpiece and maintain a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the workpiece, and the tube electrode body provides an electric field for electrolytic processing in the depth direction of the workpiece;

[0022] Step 5: The X / Y axis moving platform controls the workpiece to move toward the tube electrode body and maintains a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the tube electrode body. The part of the side wall of the tube electrode body not covered by the insulating layer provides an electric field for electrolytic processing of the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

[0023] Preferably, the Z-axis moving platform controls the feeding speed and feeding amount of the tube electrode body to process the workpiece in the depth direction, and the X / Y-axis moving platform controls the moving speed and path of the workpiece to process the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

[0024] An electrolytic milling processing device for an electrolytic milling method comprises a processing machine tool, an electrolyte source and a power supply, wherein the processing machine tool comprises an X / Y axis moving platform and a Z axis moving platform, wherein the Z axis moving platform is equipped with a hollow rotating spindle motor for connecting a tube electrode body, wherein an electrolytic cell is arranged on the X / Y axis moving platform, wherein a loading platform is arranged in the electrolytic cell for fixing a workpiece, wherein the electrolyte source comprises an electrolyte tank, wherein a liquid outlet end of the electrolyte tank is connected to a liquid inlet end.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The tube electrode of the present invention can generate a pulsating electric field and a pulsating flow field when in use and couple the two. When the uninsulated area of ​​the tube electrode side wall is transferred into the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode, the workpiece is processed; when the insulated area of ​​the tube electrode side wall is transferred into the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode, the electrolyte flushes the processing area to take away the electrolysis products and heat and replenish the electrolyte. The electric field in the processing area of ​​the workpiece changes alternately to form a circumferential pulsating electric field, which can disperse the material dissolution process and product distribution, thereby improving the efficiency, stability and processing quality of electrolytic processing, and is particularly suitable for electrolytic milling of deep and narrow groove structures;

[0027] 2. The tube electrode of the present invention can generate a pulsating flow field when in use. The inclined end face and the horizontal end face are alternately turned to the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode. The flow rate and flow velocity of the electrolyte flowing into the processing gap from the inclined end face are different, forming an axial pulsating flow field that occurs alternately in the circumferential direction. The axial flushing effect is enhanced by utilizing the characteristics of large turbulent energy and strong disturbance.

[0028] 3. The pulsating flow field can enhance the flushing effect in the processing gap, and the pulsating electric field can discrete the material dissolution process and product distribution. The coupling of the two can greatly improve the discharge efficiency of the electrolytic products in the processing gap and reduce its impact on the processing process. The present invention can actively regulate the coupling relationship between the pulsating flow field and the pulsating electric field, that is, the frequency and phase, by changing the relative position of the insulating layer and the inclined end face, thereby making full use of the beneficial coupling, greatly improving the discharge efficiency of the electrolytic products, and adapting to the processing of different workpieces.

[0029] 4. The present invention can realize the acquisition of pulse current for electrolytic milling processing when the power supply is a DC power supply, and provides a new method for obtaining pulse current for electrolytic milling processing; the present invention realizes the control of the pulse current electrolytic milling processing frequency by regulating the rotation speed of the tube electrode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tube electrode of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the tube electrode of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side view structure of the tube electrode of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an end face insulating layer provided on an inclined end face of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention in which an end face insulating layer is provided on an inclined end face;

[0035] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the liquid outlet end;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the angle between the inclined end face and the horizontal end face;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a vertically symmetrical cross section of an insulating layer and an inclined end surface;

[0038] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the insulation phase angle formed by the vertically symmetrical cross-section;

[0039] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the 0° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 0° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the 90° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 90° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the 180° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 180° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the 270° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the 270° insulated phase tube electrode of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic milling processing device of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of electrolytic milling processing in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of the flow direction of electrolyte during electrolytic milling processing in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.21 A second schematic diagram of the electrolyte flow during electrolytic milling processing in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 22 Schematic diagram of the electrolyte flow direction during electrolytic milling process in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.23 This is a 0° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data diagram in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.24 This is a 90° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data diagram in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.25 This is a 180° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data diagram in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.26 This is a diagram of the 270° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data in Example 8 of the present invention;

[0056] Wherein: 1, tube electrode body; 2, insulation layer; 3, end surface insulation layer; 101, liquid inlet end; 102, liquid outlet end; 1021, horizontal end surface; 1022, inclined end surface; 200: vertical symmetrical section of insulation layer; 300: vertical symmetrical section of inclined end surface;

[0057] 10. Processing machine tool; 11. Electrolyte source; 12. Power supply; 13. X / Y axis moving platform; 14. Z axis moving platform; 1401: Hollow rotating spindle motor; 15. Electrolytic cell; 16. Loading table; 17. Electrolyte tank; 18. Filter tank; 19. High-pressure water pump; 20. High-pressure water valve; 21. Filter; 22. Filter pump; 23. Workpiece; 100. Measuring point in processing area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The accompanying drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the present embodiment, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the accompanying drawings may be omitted. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the parts, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0060] Embodiment 1:

[0061] like Figure 1-3As shown, a tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures includes a tube electrode body 1. The tube electrode body 1 is hollow inside. The upper end of the tube electrode body 1 is a liquid inlet end 101, and the lower end is a liquid outlet end 102. An insulating layer 2 is provided along the circumferential portion of the lower side wall of the tube electrode body 1. The liquid outlet end 102 includes a horizontal end face 1021 and an inclined end face 1022. The horizontal end face 1021 is a semicircular face, and the inclined end face 1022 is inclined from the end face of the semicircular face to the side wall of the tube electrode body 1.

[0062] During specific use, referring to 15-16, the interior of the tube electrode body 1 is hollow for circulating electrolyte, the upper end is provided with a liquid inlet 101 for entering the electrolyte, and the lower end is provided with a liquid outlet 102 for the electrolyte to flow out from the upper end to the lower end. The upper part of the tube electrode body 1 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the workpiece to be processed is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply. Combined with the electrolyte flowing out of the liquid outlet 102, based on the principle of electrochemical anode dissolution, the position of the tube electrode body 1 not covered by the insulating layer 2 is used to provide an electric field, and the electrolyte located at the workpiece to be processed is used to electrolytically process the workpiece. At the same time, the electrolyte takes away the electrolysis products and heat, and the electrolyte flows out from the horizontal end face 1021 and the inclined end face 1022 of the liquid outlet. The electrolyte flowing out from the inclined end face 1022 has a large turning angle and a small flow rate, and it is easy to discharge the electrolysis products.

[0063] Working principle of the tube electrode when in use: the tube electrode body 1 rotates at high speed. Since the side wall of the tube electrode body 1 is provided with an insulating layer, and the insulating layer is arranged around the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, a discontinuous insulating layer is formed. When the uninsulated area is transferred into the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode, the workpiece is electrolytically processed. When the area provided with the insulating layer is transferred into the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode, no electric field is generated, and the workpiece will not be electrolyzed; only the electrolyte is flushed to take away the electrolysis products and heat and replenish the electrolyte. The electric field in the workpiece processing area changes alternately, forming a circumferential pulsating electric field, discrete material dissolution process and product distribution. This process is different from the whole area synchronous pulse dissolution and product distribution of conventional pulse current;

[0064] refer to Figure 20-22 The inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021 are alternately turned to the processing area in the feeding direction of the tube electrode. The electrolyte flow rate and flow velocity flowing into the processing gap from the inclined end face 1022 are different, forming an axial pulsating flow field that alternates in the circumferential direction, and the axial flushing effect is enhanced by utilizing its large turbulent energy and strong disturbance characteristics.

[0065] By changing the inclination angle of the inclined end face 1022, changing the area occupied by the insulating layer 2, and changing the relative position of the insulating layer 2 and the inclined end face 1022, the coupling relationship between the pulsating flow field and the pulsating electric field, that is, the frequency and phase, can be actively regulated; thereby making full use of the beneficial coupling, greatly improving the discharge efficiency of the electrolytic products, reducing the influence of the products on the material dissolution process, and improving the efficiency and quality of the electrolytic milling process.

[0066] Embodiment 2:

[0067] Based on Example 1, Figure 4-6 The inclined end face 1022 is provided with an end face insulating layer 3; the inclined end face 1022 is prevented from generating an electric field and electrolytic reaction. The end face insulating layer 3 is provided to effectively prevent the stray current from corroding the lower side wall, thereby improving the forming accuracy and surface quality of the side wall along the depth direction.

[0068] Based on Example 1, Figure 7 The angle formed between the inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021 is A, and the range of A is 10-80 degrees; after a certain angle is generated, the flow velocity at this location is smaller than that at the horizontal end face 1021, and the pulsating flow field when the electrolyte flows out is changed by changing the size of the angle between the inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021; among them, when the angle is 40 degrees, the electrolyte has a better effect of flushing out the electrolysis products and taking away the heat, and the overall processing quality is better.

[0069] Embodiment 3:

[0070] On the basis of Example 1, the insulating layer 2 occupies 20%-70% of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1. The insulating layer 2 is arranged around the tube electrode body 1, but not around one circle, that is, a certain circumference range of the insulating tube electrode body 1; by changing the area of ​​the insulating layer 2 occupying the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the duty cycle of the pulse current is changed, and the duty cycle refers to the proportion of the power-on time relative to the total time in one pulse cycle; for example, if the insulating layer 2 occupies 20% of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the duty cycle is 80%; if the insulating layer 2 occupies 60% of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the duty cycle is 40%; that is, when the insulating layer 2 covers a large area, the uninsulated area after power is turned on has a reduced coverage area, thereby shortening the time for generating the electric field, and reducing the time for the tube electrode body 1 to rotate one circle; by changing the circumference area of ​​the side wall occupied by the insulating layer 2, the pulsating electric field can be conveniently adjusted for electrolysis capacity.

[0071] In a further embodiment, the thickness of the insulating layer 2 is 30-50 μm.

[0072] Embodiment 4:

[0073] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 7-17 ,

[0074] The angle between the vertical symmetrical cross section of the insulating layer 2 and the vertical symmetrical cross section of the inclined end face 1022 is the insulating phase. The angle of the insulating phase increases as the insulating layer 2 rotates around the circumferential direction of the tube electrode body 1. The angle range of the insulating phase is 0-360 degrees. Figure 8-9, a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional state of the tube electrode body 1, wherein the insulating layer vertical symmetrical section 200 of the insulating layer 2 passes through the symmetry center line of the insulating layer 2 along the length direction of the insulating layer 2; the inclined end face vertical symmetrical section 300 of the inclined end face 1022 similarly passes through its symmetry center line along the length direction of the tube electrode body 1, and the sections of the insulating layer vertical symmetrical section 200 and the inclined end face vertical symmetrical section 300 will both pass through the center of the tube electrode body 1, and the angle B between the insulating layer vertical symmetrical section 200 and the inclined end face vertical symmetrical section 300 is the insulation phase, Fig. 9 It is a front view plane diagram. Compared with the three-dimensional state, it can be intuitively obtained that the angle B is 90 degrees, that is, 90° insulation phase;

[0075] When the insulating layer 2 changes position around the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the vertical symmetrical cross section 200 of the insulating layer changes accordingly. Since the vertical symmetrical cross section 300 of the inclined end surface remains in the original position, the angle B between the two changes accordingly, that is, the insulation phase changes accordingly.

[0076] The insulating layer 2 occupies a certain circumference around the side wall. Since the arrangement position and area size of the insulating layer 2 will change the pulsating electric field, the angle between the inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021 will change the pulsating flow field. When the relative position of the insulating layer 2 and the inclined end face 1022 changes, the coupling position of the pulsating electric field and the pulsating flow field will change.

[0077] refer to Figure 10-11 , the position of the inclined end face 1022 of the insulating layer 2 corresponds to the position of the side wall, at this time, the vertical symmetrical cross section of the insulating layer 2 coincides with the vertical symmetrical cross section of the inclined end face 1022, and the angle is 0 degrees, which is called 0° insulation phase; when the insulating layer 2 rotates around the tube electrode body 1, the angle of the insulation phase will change;

[0078] refer to Figure 12-13 When the symmetric center line of the insulating layer 2 rotates by one quarter of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the vertical symmetric section of the insulating layer 2 is perpendicular to the vertical symmetric section of the inclined end surface 1022, and the angle B is 90 degrees, which is called the 90° insulation phase. Figure 8-9 The insulation phases shown are identical;

[0079] Similarly, reference Figure 14-15 , when the symmetry center line of the insulating layer 2 rotates by half of the circumference of the side wall, the vertical symmetric cross section of the insulating layer 2 and the vertical symmetric cross section of the inclined end face 1022 are in the same plane, and the angle B between the two is 180 degrees, which is called a 180° insulation phase;

[0080] Similarly, reference Figure 16-17When the symmetry center line of the insulating layer 2 rotates three-quarters of the circumference of the side wall, the vertical symmetric section of the insulating layer 2 is perpendicular to the vertical symmetric section of the inclined end face 1022 again; the angle B between the two is 270 degrees, which is called the 270° insulation phase; when it rotates one circle, it rotates 360 degrees, which is called the 360° insulation phase, which is the same as the 0° insulation phase position; that is, the insulation phase changes, which changes the coupling position of the pulsating electric field and the pulsating flow field.

[0081] The above insulation phase angle can also be measured by the following method, refer to Figure 12-13 For example, when the symmetry center line of the insulating layer 2 rotates by one quarter of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, the angle between the projection of the symmetry center line of the insulating layer 2 to a point on the horizontal plane where the liquid outlet end 102 is located and the center line of the liquid outlet end 102 and the projection of the symmetry center line of the inclined end surface 1022 to a point on the horizontal plane where the liquid outlet end 102 is located and the center line of the liquid outlet end 102 is 90 degrees, which is called a 90° insulation phase; the same applies to other insulation phases.

[0082] Embodiment 5:

[0083] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 18-19 The tube electrode in the above-mentioned embodiment is applied in the tube electrode electrolytic milling process. By replacing the tube electrode in the existing process, the electrolytic milling process is performed when the tube electrode rotates at a high speed, which can generate a pulsating flow field and a pulsating electric field. The tube electrode body 1 is moved according to the set path of the workpiece to be processed and formed, and the side wall of the tube electrode body 1 not covered with the insulating layer 2 is electrolytically processed. The tube electrode body 1 covered with the insulating layer 2 does not generate an electric field. When it is turned to the forward processing direction, electrolytic processing is not performed at this time, and the electrolyte is flushed to take away the electrolytic products and heat and replenish the electrolyte; the inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021 form an axial pulsating flow field that alternates in the circumferential direction, and the axial flushing effect is enhanced by using its large turbulent energy and strong disturbance characteristics; compared with the existing tube electrode, the discharge efficiency of the electrolytic products during processing is greatly improved, and the impact on the processing process is effectively reduced; the efficiency, quality and stability of the electrolytic milling process are improved.

[0084] In a further embodiment, the tube electrode in the aforementioned embodiment is applied to the electrolytic milling process of the deep narrow groove structure.

[0085] Embodiment 6:

[0086] An electrolytic milling method, using the tube electrode of the above embodiment, comprises the following steps:

[0087] Step 1: The workpiece is fixedly mounted on the X / Y axis moving platform of the processing machine tool, and the tube electrode body 1 is connected to the hollow liquid-through rotating spindle of the hollow rotating spindle motor, and the hollow rotating spindle motor is mounted on the Z axis moving platform of the processing machine tool;

[0088] Step 2: electrically connect the negative electrode of the power supply to the uninsulated portion of the upper part of the tube electrode body 1, and electrically connect the positive electrode of the power supply to the workpiece;

[0089] Step 3: connect the liquid inlet end 101 of the tube electrode body 1 to an external electrolyte source, so that the electrolyte flows from the liquid inlet end 101 to the liquid outlet end 102 for spraying;

[0090] Step 4: Start the processing machine tool, turn on the power supply, the hollow rotating spindle motor drives the tube electrode body 1 to rotate, the Z-axis moving platform controls the tube electrode body 1 to move toward the workpiece and maintain a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the workpiece, and the tube electrode body 1 provides an electric field for electrolytic processing in the depth direction of the workpiece;

[0091] Step 5: The X / Y axis moving platform controls the workpiece to move toward the tube electrode body 1 and maintains a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the tube electrode body 1. The part of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1 not covered by the insulating layer provides an electric field for electrolytic processing of the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

[0092] In the prior art, a processing machine tool has a three-way moving platform device, the X / Y axis moving platform controls the horizontal movement of the object, the Z axis moving platform controls the vertical movement of the object, the hollow rotating spindle motor can rotate the object, the power supply adopts a DC power supply, and the electrolyte source adopts a liquid source capable of supplying electrolyte, such as a neutral salt solution; the above can all adopt existing equipment in the field and are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not the main technical features of the present application;

[0093] Specifically, in the use process, according to step 1, the tube electrode and the workpiece to be processed are fixed in position, the tube electrode body 1 is connected to the hollow rotating shaft spindle of the hollow rotating spindle motor, the hollow rotating spindle motor is connected to the Z-axis moving platform of the processing machine tool, and then the negative electrode of the power supply is electrically connected to the uninsulated part of the upper part of the tube electrode body 1, specifically connected to the position of the upper part of the tube electrode body 1, the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the workpiece to be processed, the electrolyte source is connected to the liquid inlet end 101 of the tube electrode body 1, the electrolyte flows from the liquid inlet end 101 into the tube electrode body 1 and then flows out from the liquid outlet end 102, and the workpiece is electrolytically processed;

[0094] The Z-axis moving platform drives the tube electrode body 1 to move in the vertical direction and the hollow rotating spindle motor drives the tube electrode body 1 to rotate at high speed to perform drilling processing on the workpiece in the vertical direction; the X / Y-axis moving platform drives the workpiece to move in the horizontal direction, and the high-speed rotating tube electrode body 1 performs electrolytic milling processing on the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

[0095] In a further embodiment, the Z-axis moving platform controls the tube electrode feed speed and feed amount to process the workpiece in the depth direction, that is, the vertical direction. The Z-axis moving platform controls the tube electrode in the vertical processing speed and processing depth to process the workpiece according to the processing requirements; the X / Y-axis moving platform controls the workpiece movement speed and path to process the workpiece in the horizontal direction. The X / Y-axis moving platform controls the workpiece movement in the horizontal direction, which can not only control its movement speed, but also change the movement path of the workpiece in the horizontal direction according to the processing requirements to process the forming requirements of the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

[0096] Embodiment 7:

[0097] An electrolytic milling processing device for the electrolytic milling method of embodiment 6, referring to Fig.18 , including a processing machine tool 10, an electrolyte source 11 and a power source 12, the processing machine tool 10 includes an X / Y axis moving platform 13 and a Z axis moving platform 14, the Z axis moving platform 14 is equipped with a hollow rotating spindle motor 1401 for connecting the tube electrode, the X / Y axis moving platform 13 is provided with an electrolytic cell 15, and the electrolytic cell 15 is provided with a loading platform 16 for fixing the workpiece 23; the electrolyte source 11 includes an electrolyte tank 17, and the liquid outlet end of the electrolyte tank 17 is connected to the liquid inlet end 101.

[0098] When in use, the workpiece 23 is fixed in the electrolytic cell 15 of the X / Y axis moving platform 13, the tube electrode body 1 of the tube electrode is connected to the hollow rotating spindle of the hollow rotating spindle motor 1401, the negative pole of the power supply is connected to the upper part of the tube electrode body 1, that is, the non-insulated part, and the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the workpiece 23. The electrolyte tank 17 of the electrolyte source 11 contains electrolyte, which is transported from the liquid outlet end of the electrolyte tank 17 to the liquid inlet end 101, and flows out from the liquid outlet end 102 to form an electrolytic environment. The electrolyte flows out from the processing gap and drives the electrolytic products to flow out of the processing groove of the workpiece 23 together, and flows into the electrolytic cell 15 for collection to prevent environmental pollution; the tube electrode body 1 is driven by the hollow rotating spindle motor 1401 to rotate at a high speed to change the position of the insulating layer 2 relative to the processing feed direction, and also continuously changes the position of the inclined end face 1022, thereby forming a pulsating electric field and a pulsating flow field, so that the processing quality is better and the efficiency is higher.

[0099] In a further embodiment, the hollow rotating spindle motor 1401 adopts a model of GS105 / 20, so that the liquid inlet end 101 of the tube electrode extends out of a part of the hollow rotating spindle motor 1401 and is connected to the electrolyte source 11, and the tube electrode rotates driven by the inside of the hollow rotating spindle motor 1401.

[0100] In a further embodiment, the electrolyte source 11 also includes a filter tank 18, the liquid outlet end of the electrolyte tank 17 is connected to the liquid inlet end 101 through a high-pressure water pump 19, a high-pressure water valve 20 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the liquid inlet end of the filter tank 18 is connected to the liquid outlet end of the electrolytic cell 15, and the filter tank 18 is connected to the electrolyte tank 17 through a pipeline provided with a filter 21 and a filter pump 22; after the electrolyte and the electrolysis product flow into the electrolytic cell 15, they flow into the filter tank 18 again, are filtered by the filter 21 and the filter pump 22 and pumped into the electrolyte tank 17, and the electrolyte tank 17 pumps the electrolyte to the liquid inlet end 101 through the high-pressure water pump 19, which is conducive to controlling the electrolyte flow rate and stably transporting it to the processing area.

[0101] Embodiment 8:

[0102] Based on the above implementation method, refer to Figure 18-19 , the tube electrode adopts four different insulation phases, namely 0° insulation phase, 90° insulation phase, 180° insulation phase and 270° insulation phase, adopts the same insulation layer 2 coverage ratio and the same inclined end face 1022 inclination, the insulation layer 2 accounts for 50% of the circumference of the side wall of the tube electrode body 1, and the angle between the inclined end face 1022 and the horizontal end face 1021 is 40 degrees. The four tube electrodes are used to perform deep narrow groove electrolytic milling on the workpiece; other processing parameters during the test are guaranteed to be consistent, and the processing parameters such as electrolyte, tube electrode speed, power supply and workpiece are the same;

[0103] Fig.19 A simple schematic diagram of the tank structure for electrolytic milling of tube electrodes. Other components are omitted, and the power supply, electrolyte, workpiece and tube electrode are retained as illustrations. Other required components can be referred to Fig.18 The tube electrode can rotate and move along the Y axis, i.e. the depth direction, and the workpiece or tube electrode can also move along the X / Y axis, i.e. the horizontal direction. Fig.19 After machining to a certain depth, the groove can be moved horizontally. Figure 20-22 for Fig.19 Internal schematic diagram of different processing states, Fig. 20 Indicates the state of electrolyte flow direction when there are workpieces on both the left and right sides during initial depth machining; Fig.21 After the deep processing is completed, when processing in the horizontal direction, the electrolyte flow state during electrolytic milling of the workpiece in the processing area on the front side of the feed direction, and the electrolyte flow state of the completed processing area on the rear side of the feed direction; Fig. 22 and Fig.21 The difference is that the inclined end surface 1022 faces the front processing area in the feeding direction;

[0104] During the machining process, the pulse current and pulsating flow field of the machining area in the electrode feed direction of the workpiece tube are measured. Figure 21-22The location of the measuring point 100 in the middle processing area is changed, the relative position of the insulating layer 2 and the inclined end surface 1022 is changed, and the coupling relationship between the pulsating flow field and the pulsating electric field is actively regulated. Four tube electrodes with different insulation phases are used for processing experiments. Four pulsating field coupling realization modes are obtained with the same processing workpiece and the same processing path.

[0105] Figure 23-26 The horizontal axis is the rotation angle, and its initial position is Fig.21 As shown in , the inclined end surface 1022 faces the side away from the machining feed direction, and the current and electrolyte flow rate data of the machining area in the feed direction, i.e., the gap between the tube electrode and the workpiece, are measured after the four types of tube electrodes change with the rotation angle;

[0106] Fig.23 This is a 0° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data diagram. Electrolytic milling is carried out at a high electrolyte flow rate, and the electrolysis products and heat are removed at a low flow rate, so that there is no lack of electrolyte during electrolytic milling, and the product and heat removal effect is good. When the electrolytic milling is completed, the side wall insulation layer 2 is slightly damaged, and the obtained deep and narrow grooves are of good quality.

[0107] Fig.24 This is the pulsating field coupling data diagram of 90° insulation phase. The coupling between flow field and electric field is delayed by 90 degrees compared with the tube electrode of 0° insulation phase. The coupling effect is between the tube electrode of 0° insulation phase and the tube electrode of 180° insulation phase. The quality of deep and narrow grooves after processing is better.

[0108] Fig.25 This is the pulsating field coupling data diagram of the 180° insulation phase. Electrolytic milling is carried out at a low electrolyte flow rate, and the electrolytic products and heat are discharged at a high flow rate. The quality of the deep and narrow grooves after processing is slightly worse than that of the other three insulation phases.

[0109] Fig.26 This is a 270° insulation phase pulsating field coupling data diagram, which is between the 180° insulation phase tube electrode and the 0° insulation phase tube electrode. The quality of the deep and narrow groove after processing is better.

[0110] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures, characterized in that: The invention comprises a tube electrode body (1), wherein the tube electrode body (1) is hollow inside, the upper end of the tube electrode body (1) is a liquid inlet end (101), and the lower end is a liquid outlet end (102), an insulating layer (2) is provided along the circumferential portion of the lower side wall of the tube electrode body (1), the liquid outlet end (102) comprises a horizontal end surface (1021) and an inclined end surface (1022), the horizontal end surface (1021) is a semicircular surface, and the inclined end surface (1022) is inclined from the end surface of the semicircular surface toward the side wall of the tube electrode body (1).

2. A tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined end surface (1022) is provided with an end surface insulating layer (3).

3. The tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle formed between the inclined end surface (1022) and the horizontal end surface (1021) is 10-80 degrees.

4. A tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The insulating layer (2) occupies 20%-70% of the circumferential area of ​​the side wall of the tube electrode body (1).

5. The tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the insulating layer (2) is 30-50 μm.

6. The tube electrode for electrolytic machining of deep narrow groove structures according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle between the vertically symmetrical cross section of the insulating layer (2) and the vertically symmetrical cross section of the inclined end face (1022) is the insulating phase. The angle of the insulating phase increases as the insulating layer (2) rotates around the circumferential direction of the tube electrode body (1). The angle range of the insulating phase is 0-360 degrees.

7. Use of the tube electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in a tube electrode electrolytic milling process.

8. An electrolytic milling method, characterized in that: The tube electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The workpiece is fixedly mounted on the X / Y axis moving platform of the processing machine tool, and the tube electrode body (1) is mounted on the Z axis moving platform of the processing machine tool and connected to the hollow liquid-permeable rotating spindle of the hollow rotating spindle motor; Step 2: electrically connect the negative electrode of the power supply to the uninsulated portion of the upper portion of the tube electrode body (1), and electrically connect the positive electrode of the power supply to the workpiece; Step 3: connecting the liquid inlet end (101) of the tube electrode body (1) to an external electrolyte source, so that the electrolyte flows from the liquid inlet end (101) to the liquid outlet end (102) for spraying; Step 4: Start the processing machine tool, turn on the power supply, the hollow rotating spindle motor drives the tube electrode body (1) to rotate, the Z-axis moving platform controls the tube electrode body (1) to move toward the workpiece and maintain a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the workpiece, and the tube electrode body (1) provides an electric field for electrolytic processing in the depth direction of the workpiece; Step 5: The X / Y axis moving platform controls the workpiece to move toward the tube electrode body (1) and maintains a processing gap of 100-300 microns with the tube electrode body (1). The part of the side wall of the tube electrode body (1) not covered by the insulating layer provides an electric field to electrolytically process the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

9. An electrolytic milling method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving platform controls the feeding speed and feeding amount of the tube electrode body (1) to process the workpiece in the depth direction, and the X / Y-axis moving platform controls the moving speed and path of the workpiece to process the workpiece in the horizontal direction.

10. An electrolytic milling processing device for the electrolytic milling method according to claim 8 or 9, comprising a processing machine tool (10), an electrolyte source (11) and a power supply (12), wherein the processing machine tool (10) comprises an X / Y axis moving platform (13) and a Z axis moving platform (14), characterized in that: The Z-axis moving platform (14) is equipped with a hollow rotating spindle motor (1401) for connecting to the tube electrode body (1); an electrolytic cell (15) is arranged on the X / Y-axis moving platform (13); a loading platform (16) is arranged in the electrolytic cell (15) for fixing a workpiece; the electrolyte source (11) includes an electrolyte tank (17); a liquid outlet end of the electrolyte tank (17) is connected to a liquid inlet end (101).

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