A blueberry tree-shaped cultivation method and pruning knife
Through specific cultivation methods of blueberry trees, including short cuts in winter and main branches in summer, L-shaped and S-shaped main branches are formed, which solves the problems of slow crown formation and decreased fruit yield, and achieves high yield and high-quality fruit effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211223480.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-10-08
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-10-08
AI Technical Summary
The existing pruning methods of blueberry trees lead to slow crown formation, resulting in a decrease in fruit yield and quality. There are too many thin branches and overlapping branches in the crown, affecting the development of the fruit.
A blueberry tree-shaped culture method is adopted, including short and thick branches in winter, and the new shoots under the cut in summer are cultured at a vertical angle of 30°-45°, and pinching them. Then, the main branches and fruiting branches are collected every winter. Prune to form L-shaped and S-shaped main branches to ensure ventilation and light transmission of the crown and promote high yield and quality of the fruit.
Through this method, the canopy can be formed quickly, the yield and quality of blueberry fruits can be improved, and the ventilation and light transmission in the canopy can be achieved, and continuous results and high-effect production can be achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN115606447B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular to a blueberry tree cultivation method and a pruning knife. Background Art
[0002] Blueberry is a perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub belonging to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. Its fruit is rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, vitamins and other functional ingredients. It has the effects of improving the body's immunity, delaying neuroaging, protecting eyesight, enhancing heart function, preventing cardiovascular diseases and anti-tumor. It is deeply loved by consumers and the price remains high. In recent years, in order to meet consumer demand, the area of blueberry cultivation has been expanding year by year, contributing to poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.
[0003] Blueberry is a shrub fruit tree. The existing pruning method is mainly to not perform shaping pruning on young trees during the young tree stage, allowing them to grow, and only to cut off the flower buds of the branches during winter pruning to promote the expansion of the crown, and to perform renewal pruning on old branches during the fruiting period. If this is done for a long time, the crown will form slowly, and the crown will have too many weak branches, too many overlapping branches, and be too dense, which will seriously affect the fruit yield and quality in the coming year. Summary of the invention
[0004] The invention aims to provide a blueberry tree-shaped cultivation method and a pruning knife, which can quickly form a tree crown and have the effects of better yield and fruit quality.
[0005] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for cultivating blueberry trees, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
[0006] S1: In the first year of winter pruning, select 3-4 strong branches for pruning, the pruning height is 1 / 2 of the branch length, and thin out other branches at the same time;
[0007] S2: In the second year of summer pruning, when the new shoots below the cut end grow to more than 40 cm, select a new shoot to extend outward at a vertical angle of 30°-45° to cultivate the main branch, and pinch off the branches below the cut end;
[0008] S3: In the second year of winter pruning, the extension branches of the main branches are shortened by 1 / 2, and the long branches on the main branches are shortened at the same time, and weak branches and overlapping branches are thinned out. Repeat the above pruning every year until the height of the main branches reaches 1.6-1.8m, forming an L-shaped main branch; select 2-3 branches at the base as fruiting branches for the next year to form an S-shaped main branch. In the winter pruning every year thereafter, select 1 / 2 of the number of S-shaped main branches for heavy pruning.
[0009] As a further configuration of the present invention, in S1 and S3, if the required number of branches cannot be selected during the winter pruning of the current year, selection can continue during the winter pruning of the second year and cultivation can be carried out according to the same method.
[0010] As a further configuration of the present invention, the branch topping retention length under the L-shaped main branch cut is 30-35cm.
[0011] As a further configuration of the present invention, the height of the S-shaped main branch heavy shortening pile is about 5 cm.
[0012] A pruning knife used in a blueberry tree cultivation method as described above comprises a shell, an upper blade and a lower blade, wherein a serrated blade is arranged on the side of the upper blade facing the lower blade, the upper blade is slidably connected to a mounting plate, the upper blade and the mounting plate are connected to a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism drives the upper blade to reciprocate along the mounting plate, and at the same time the driving mechanism drives the upper blade to swing toward the lower blade.
[0013] As a further configuration of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a cam, a gear, an outer gear ring, and a motor for driving the upper blade to reciprocate. A rotating shaft is provided on the mounting plate, and the rotating shaft is vertically fixed to the mounting plate. The cam and the gear are coaxially fixed and rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The motor is fixedly connected to the outer casing, and the working end of the motor is fixedly connected to a fixing plate, and the other end of the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. The outer gear ring is fixedly connected to the outer casing, and the center of the outer gear ring coincides with the rotation center of the motor output end, and the gear is meshed with the outer gear ring.
[0014] As a further configuration of the present invention, the upper blade includes a saw blade portion and a connecting plate fixedly connected together, the saw blade portion is arranged on the outer side of the outer shell, the mounting plate is a U-shaped plate, the connecting plate slides through the end of the mounting plate and extends to the middle gap of the mounting plate, slide grooves are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate, and sliders are arranged on both sides of the connecting plate, the sliders are slidably clamped in the slide grooves, a spring is arranged in the slide groove, the two ends of the spring are respectively fixedly connected to the slider and the inner wall of the slide groove, and the cam is abutted against the bottom of the connecting plate.
[0015] As a further configuration of the present invention, the lower blade is rotatably connected to the outer shell, and one end of the lower blade located inside the outer shell is connected to a push rod, the middle part of the push rod is rotatably connected to the outer shell, one end of the push rod is abutted against the lower blade, and a connecting rod is connected to the side of the push rod away from the lower blade, one end of the connecting rod is abutted against one end of the push rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a pull plate, the middle part of the pull plate is rotatably connected to the outer shell, and the other end of the pull plate extends to the outside of the outer shell, one side of the lower blade is connected to a reset spring, and the other side of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell.
[0016] As a further configuration of the present invention, limiting rods are provided on both sides of the mounting plate, arc-shaped limiting grooves are provided on the side walls of the housing, the center of the limiting grooves coincides with the center of the working end of the motor, and the limiting rods are slidably clamped in the limiting grooves.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0018] In the present invention, the winter scissoring of L-shaped branches and the pinching of the fruiting branches below the cut ends in summer are utilized to promote the growth of L-shaped main branches, which is beneficial to rapidly expand the tree crown and form three-dimensional fruiting.
[0019] In the present invention, the main branch extension branches sprouting from the L-shaped main branch cut with a vertical angle of 30°-45° are extended outward, which is beneficial to the opening angle of the main branch and forms the periphery of the V-shaped crown.
[0020] In the present invention, by renewing and pruning the fruiting branch groups on the L-shaped main branches and the S-shaped main branches every year, ventilation and light transmission in the tree crown are ensured, and continuous fruiting can be achieved, thereby ensuring a higher yield and quality of blueberry fruits.
[0021] The tree structure of the present invention is simple and easy to prune. Especially after the tree shape cultivation is completed, it is only necessary to thin out and prune the fruiting branch groups on the L-shaped main branches and prune the S-shaped branch groups every year. It is easy to learn and understand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the pruning knife of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the trimming knife of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the pruning knife of the present invention;
[0026] In the figure, 1, housing, 11, limiting groove, 2, upper blade, 21, saw blade part, 22, connecting plate, 23, slider, 3, lower blade, 4, mounting plate, 41, slide groove, 42, spring, 5, driving mechanism, 51, cam, 52, gear, 53, outer gear ring, 54, motor, 55, fixing plate, 56, limiting rod, 61, push rod, 62, connecting rod, 63, pull plate, 64, reset spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] A method for cultivating blueberry tree-shaped plants comprises the following steps:
[0029] S1: In the first winter pruning, select 3-4 strong branches for pruning, the pruning height is 1 / 2 of the branch length, and remove other branches at the same time. If the required number of branches cannot be selected, continue to select in the second winter pruning and cultivate according to the same method;
[0030] S2: Prune in the summer of the second year. When the new shoots below the cut end grow to more than 40 cm, select a new shoot to extend outward at a vertical angle of 30°-45° to cultivate the main branch. The other branches below the cut end are pinched, and the length of the pinched branches is retained at 30-35 cm.
[0031] S3: In the second year of winter pruning, the extended branches of the main branches are shortened by 1 / 2. At the same time, the long branches on the main branches are shortened, and the weak branches and overlapping branches are thinned out. Repeat the above pruning every year until the height of the main branches reaches 1.6-1.8m, forming an L-shaped main branch; select 2-3 base branches as fruiting branches for the next year to form an S-shaped main branch. In the subsequent winter pruning, select 1 / 2 of the number of S-shaped main branches for heavy pruning. The height of the heavy pruning stake is 5cm. If the required number of branches cannot be selected during winter pruning, continue to select during the second year of winter pruning and cultivate according to the same method.
[0032] In the present invention, winter pruning of L-shaped branches and pinching of fruiting branches under the cut in summer are utilized to promote the growth of L-shaped main branches, which is beneficial to rapidly expand the tree crown and form three-dimensional fruiting; in the present invention, the main branch extension branches sprouting under the cut of the L-shaped main branch at a vertical angle of 30°-45° are utilized to extend outwards, which is beneficial to the opening angle of the main branches and forms the periphery of a V-shaped tree crown; in the present invention, by annually renewing and pruning the fruiting branch groups on the L-shaped main branches and the S-shaped main branches, ventilation and light transmission in the tree crown are ensured, and continuous fruiting can be achieved, thereby ensuring a high yield and quality of blueberry fruits; the tree structure of the present invention is simple and pruning is convenient, and in particular, after the tree shape cultivation is completed, only the fruiting branch groups on the L-shaped main branches need to be thinned and pruned, and the S-shaped branch groups need to be pruned each year, which is easy to learn and understand. Example
[0033] Select the blueberry variety "Lexie" and plant the blueberry seedlings in the spring of that year. When pruning in winter, select 3 thick branches, retain 1 / 2 for shortening, and remove other weak branches.
[0034] In the summer of the second year, when the new shoots below the cut branch grow to more than 40cm, select one branch that extends outward at a vertical angle of 30°-45° to be cultivated as the main branch. The other branches below the cut branch are pinched and the length of the pinched branches is retained at 35cm.
[0035] In the second year of winter pruning, the extension branches of the main branches are shortened to 1 / 2, and the long branches on the main branches are shortened at the same time, and weak branches and overlapping branches are thinned out; for the branches sprouting from the base, retain 3 strong branches and thin out the weak branches.
[0036] In the summer of the third year, when the new shoots below the cut branch grow to more than 40cm, select one of the main branch extension branches below the cut branch and continue to extend it outward at a vertical angle of 30°-45°, and pinch off the other branches below the cut branch.
[0037] In the winter of the third year, the extension branches of the main branches are shortened by 1 / 2, and the long branches on the main branches are shortened at the same time, and weak branches and overlapping branches are thinned out; for the branches sprouting from the base, retain 2 strong new branches, thin out weak branches, and leave 5 cm for heavy pruning of old branches. Example
[0038] The five-year-old blueberry variety "Lexie" was selected to compare the tree growth and fruit traits of the V-shaped tree shape and the conventional clustered tree shape. Single-plant plots were taken, 5 replicates were made, and the average value was taken. The results are as follows:
[0039] As can be seen from Table 1, for the 5-year-old Lexi blueberry variety, the average plant height and crown width of the V-shaped tree are significantly greater than those of the conventional bush-shaped tree, the average number of main branches and twigs per plant is significantly less than that of the conventional bush-shaped tree, and the yield per plant, average single fruit weight and average soluble solids content of the fruit are all higher than those of the conventional bush-shaped tree.
[0040] The present invention also provides a pruning knife for use in the above-mentioned blueberry tree cultivation method, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , including a shell 1, an upper blade 2 and a lower blade 3. A serrated blade is provided on the side of the upper blade 2 facing the lower blade 3. The upper blade 2 is slidably connected to a mounting plate 4. The upper blade 2 and the mounting plate 4 are connected to a driving mechanism 5. The driving mechanism 5 drives the upper blade 2 to reciprocate along the mounting plate 4, and the driving mechanism 5 drives the upper blade 2 to swing toward the lower blade 3. In this way, when the driving mechanism 5 is started, the upper blade 2 can reciprocate. Since the upper blade 2 is provided with saw teeth, the upper blade 2 can cut the branches to achieve the effect of sawing. At the same time, the upper blade 2 can also swing towards the lower blade 3 while sawing. When cooperating with the lower blade 3, a shearing force is formed between the upper and lower blades 3 to achieve the effect of shearing. Therefore, when pruning, the pruning knife can achieve the effects of sawing and shearing, which greatly improves the pruning efficiency. Whether it is thin branches or thick branches, it can be easily pruned.
[0041] Furthermore, the driving mechanism 5 includes a cam 51, a gear 52, an outer gear ring 53, and a motor 54 for driving the upper blade 2 to reciprocate. A rotating shaft is provided on the mounting plate 4, and the rotating shaft is vertically fixed to the mounting plate 4. The cam 51 and the gear 52 are coaxially fixed and rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The motor 54 is fixedly connected to the housing 1, and a fixing plate 55 is fixedly connected to the working end of the motor 54, and the other end of the fixing plate 55 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 4. The outer gear ring 53 is fixedly connected to the housing 1, and the center of the outer gear ring 53 coincides with the rotation center of the output end of the motor 54, and the gear 52 is meshed with the outer gear ring 53. It should be noted that the motor 54 used in this embodiment is a motor 54 that can rotate forward and reverse. At the same time, a control switch for controlling the motor 54 to stop and reverse is provided on the housing 1. During pruning, the operator adjusts the control switch to make the motor 54 rotate forward, and the motor 54 drives the fixing plate 55 to rotate, and the fixing plate 55 drives the mounting plate 4 to rotate around the working end of the motor 54. When the upper and lower blades 3 cut off the branches, the operator adjusts the control switch to make the motor 54 rotate in the opposite direction, so that the upper blade 2 is driven by the mounting plate 4 to swing in the opposite direction, and the upper blade 2 is moved away from the lower blade 3, and then stops, waiting for the next pruning.
[0042] Furthermore, the upper blade 2 includes a saw blade portion 21 and a connecting plate 22 fixedly connected together. The saw blade portion 21 is arranged on the outer side of the shell 1, and the mounting plate 4 is a U-shaped plate. The connecting plate 22 slides through the end of the mounting plate 4 and extends to the middle gap of the mounting plate 4. Slide grooves 41 are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate 4, and sliders 23 are arranged on both sides of the connecting plate 22. The slider 23 is slidably clamped in the slide groove 41, and a spring 42 is arranged in the slide groove 41. The two ends of the spring 42 are respectively fixedly connected to the slider 23 and the inner wall of the slide groove 41, and the cam 51 is abutted against the bottom of the connecting plate 22. The mounting plate 4 is set to a U shape, and the connecting plate 22 of the upper blade 2 passes through the mounting plate 4, so that the upper blade 2 can be limited. At the same time, the slider 23 and the slide groove 41 are arranged to ensure the stability of the upper blade 2, which is safer during pruning. The setting of the spring 42 can reset the upper blade 2 when the cam 51 lifts the upper blade 2, thereby achieving the sawing effect.
[0043] Furthermore, the lower blade 3 is rotatably connected to the housing 1, and one end of the lower blade 3 located inside the housing 1 is connected to a push rod 61, and the middle part of the push rod 61 is rotatably connected to the housing 1, and the side of the push rod 61 away from the lower blade 3 is connected to a connecting rod 62, and the other end of the connecting rod 62 is against the lower blade 3. A return spring 64 is connected to one side of the lower blade 3, and the other side of the return spring 64 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1. Before pruning, the operator presses the push rod 61 with his finger when holding the pruning knife, and the push rod 61 drives the connecting rod 62 to move, and the connecting rod 62 pushes the lower blade 3 to swing toward the upper blade 2. In this way, the branch can be clamped before pruning, which is convenient for the upper blade 2 to prune the branch.
[0044] Limiting rods 56 are provided on both sides of the mounting plate 4, and arc-shaped limiting grooves 11 are provided on the side walls of the outer shell 1. The limiting rods 56 are slidably clamped in the limiting grooves 11. The limiting grooves 11 and the limiting rods 56 are provided, so that the mounting plate 4 can swing more stably inside the outer shell 1, making the overall structure more stable and having a longer service life.
[0045] Here's how the pruning knife works:
[0046] Before pruning, the operator holds the pruning shears and presses the push rod 61 with his finger. The push rod 61 drives the connecting rod 62 to move, and the connecting rod 62 drives the lower blade 3 to swing toward the upper blade 2. In this way, the branch can be clamped before pruning, which is convenient for the upper blade 2 to prune the branch. During pruning, the operator adjusts the control switch to make the motor 54 rotate in the positive direction. The motor 54 drives the fixing plate 55 to rotate, and the fixing plate 55 drives the mounting plate 4 to rotate around the central axis of the working end of the motor 54. During the rotation process, the mounting plate 4 drives the upper blade 2 to swing toward the lower blade 3. Through the cooperation with the lower blade 3, a shearing force is formed between the upper and lower blades 3 to achieve a shearing effect. While the mounting plate 4 rotates, the mounting plate 4 The gear 52 is driven to revolve around the central axis of the working end of the motor 54. While the gear 52 is revolving, it is meshed with the outer gear ring 53 and the outer gear ring 53 is fixed. Therefore, under the action of the outer gear ring 53, the gear 52 will rotate. During the self-rotation process, the gear 52 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the cam 51 to rotate. While the cam 51 rotates, it pushes the upper blade 2 to reciprocate, so that the upper blade 2 can achieve a sawing effect during the shearing process. After the upper and lower blades 3 cut off the branches, the operator adjusts the control switch to make the motor 54 rotate in the opposite direction, so that the upper blade 2 swings in the opposite direction driven by the mounting plate 4, and the upper blade 2 moves away from the lower blade 3, and then stops, waiting for the next pruning.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating blueberry tree shape, Features: The following steps are included: S1: In the first year of winter pruning, select 3-4 strong branches for pruning, the pruning height is 1 / 2 of the branch length, and thin out other branches at the same time; S2: In the second year of summer pruning, when the new shoots below the cut end grow to more than 40 cm, select a new shoot to extend outward at a vertical angle of 30°-45° to cultivate the main branch, and pinch off the branches below the cut end; S3: In the second year of winter pruning, the main branch extension branches are shortened by 1 / 2, and the long branches on the main branches are shortened at the same time, and weak branches and overlapping branches are thinned out. The above pruning is repeated every year until the main branch height reaches 1.6-1.8m, forming an L-shaped main branch; 2-3 base branches are selected as fruiting branches for the next year to form an S-shaped main branch. In the following winter pruning every year, 1 / 2 of the number of S-shaped main branches is selected for heavy shortening; The pruning knife used in the above steps comprises a housing (1), an upper blade (2) and a lower blade (3); a serrated blade is provided on a side of the upper blade (2) facing the lower blade (3); the upper blade (2) is slidably connected to a mounting plate (4); the upper blade (2) and the mounting plate (4) are connected to a driving mechanism (5); the driving mechanism (5) drives the upper blade (2) to reciprocate along the mounting plate (4); and at the same time, the driving mechanism (5) drives the upper blade (2) to swing toward the lower blade (3); The driving mechanism (5) comprises a cam (51) for driving the upper blade (2) to reciprocate, a gear (52), an outer gear ring (53), and a motor (54); a rotating shaft is arranged on the mounting plate (4), the rotating shaft is vertically fixed to the mounting plate (4); the cam (51) and the gear (52) are coaxially fixedly arranged and rotatably connected to the rotating shaft; the motor (54) is fixedly connected to the housing (1); a fixing plate (55) is fixedly connected to the working end of the motor (54); the other end of the fixing plate (55) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (4); the outer gear ring (53) is fixedly connected to the housing (1); the center of the outer gear ring (53) coincides with the rotation center of the output end of the motor (54); and the gear (52) meshes with the outer gear ring (53); The upper blade (2) comprises a saw blade portion (21) and a connecting plate (22) which are fixedly connected together. The saw blade portion (21) is arranged on the outer side of the housing (1). The mounting plate (4) is a U-shaped plate. The connecting plate (22) slides through the end of the mounting plate (4) and extends into the middle gap of the mounting plate (4). Slide grooves (41) are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate (4). Slide blocks (23) are arranged on both sides of the connecting plate (22). The slide blocks (23) are slidably clamped in the slide grooves (41). A spring (42) is arranged in the slide groove (41). The two ends of the spring (42) are respectively fixedly connected to the slide block (23) and the inner wall of the slide groove (41). The cam (51) abuts against the bottom of the connecting plate (22).
2. A method for cultivating blueberry tree shape according to claim 1, Features: In S1 and S3, if the required number of branches cannot be selected during winter pruning in the current year, selection can continue during winter pruning in the second year and cultivation can be carried out using the same method.
3. The method for cultivating a blueberry tree shape according to claim 1, Features: The branch pinching retention length under the L-shaped main branch cut is 30-35cm.
4. The method for cultivating a blueberry tree shape according to claim 1, Features: The height of the S-shaped main branch shortened pile is about 5 cm.
5. The method for cultivating a blueberry tree shape according to claim 1, Features: The lower blade (3) is rotatably connected to the outer shell (1); one end of the lower blade (3) located inside the outer shell (1) is connected to a push rod (61); the middle part of the push rod (61) is rotatably connected to the outer shell (1); one end of the push rod (61) abuts against the lower blade (3); a side of the push rod (61) away from the lower blade (3) is connected to a connecting rod (62); one end of the connecting rod (62) abuts against one end of the push rod (61); the other end of the connecting rod (62) is hingedly connected to a trigger plate (63); the middle part of the trigger plate (63) is rotatably connected to the outer shell (1); the other end of the trigger plate (63) extends to the outside of the outer shell (1); one side of the lower blade (3) is connected to a return spring (64); the other side of the return spring (64) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (1).
6. A method for cultivating blueberry tree shape according to claim 5, Features: Limiting rods (56) are arranged on both sides of the mounting plate (4), and an arc-shaped limiting groove (11) is arranged on the side wall of the housing (1), the center of the limiting groove (11) coincides with the center of the working end of the motor (54), and the limiting rod (56) is slidably clamped in the limiting groove (11).