A curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a curved surface lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-seepage structure and a use method thereof, comprising a plate seam node waterproof unit, which comprises a curtain wall panel, a waterproof coating arranged above the plate seam of two curtain wall panels as a first waterproof layer, a roof curtain wall profile keel for docking and positioning the curtain wall, a structural adhesive arranged on the upper surface of the roof curtain wall profile keel and used for connecting the curtain wall panel and having a double-sided adhesive pad, a connecting piece steel plate, a second fixing bolt, an aluminum profile water cut-off groove, wherein the aluminum profile water cut-off groove is concave in shape; a drainage system, comprising an aluminum profile water cut-off groove body and an eaves edge beam drainage pipe connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove; by making a component similar to the Chinese character "concave" between the keel profiles of the roof curved panel curtain wall, when the curtain wall panel seam leaks water, rainwater leaks into the inside of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove, and is finally discharged to the outside by the eaves edge beam drainage pipe, thereby enhancing the anti-seepage function of the roof curtain wall and effectively realizing the design effect of "prevention as the main and prevention and drainage as the common".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of curtain wall anti-leakage structures, and more specifically, relates to a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The emergence of multifunctional building curtain walls has become a symbol of modern architecture. After a long period of development, it was not until the 1950s that people gradually recognized it. At present, building curtain walls are mainly used for wind and rain protection, lighting, and heat insulation. They are a kind of building exterior protective structure. However, with the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, the development of building curtain walls in the future will also be multifunctional. Nowadays, glass and aluminum single-plate curtain walls are widely used by people due to their low cost and outstanding performance in beautiful decoration, lighting, energy saving, etc. With the rise of large-span complex curved space grid shell roof curtain wall buildings in my country, roof glass curtain walls and aluminum curtain walls are designed and applied in large quantities, and the waterproofing problem of roof curtain walls has gradually emerged. There are more and more problems with the construction quality of roof curtain walls, especially the problem of curtain wall leakage is becoming more and more prominent. For this reason, it is of great significance to propose a structural device that can effectively solve the waterproofing problem of roof curtain walls.

[0003] Chinese utility model patent CN216920872U discloses a roof curtain wall with a waterproof structure, including curtain wall column 1 and curtain wall column 2, the outer wall of curtain wall column 1 is installed with waterproof aluminum plate 1, the outer wall of curtain wall column 2 is installed with waterproof aluminum plate 2, the outer wall of curtain wall column 1 is installed with curtain wall beam 1, the outer wall of curtain wall column 1 is installed with aluminum alloy base, and the outer wall of curtain wall column 2 is installed with curtain wall beam 2; In addition, Chinese utility model patent CN214994974U discloses a curtain wall double sealing structure, including metal The invention relates to a metal profile, a first aluminum alloy sub-frame, a second aluminum alloy sub-frame, an aluminum alloy pressing block and a support frame, wherein a gap is provided between the metal profiles, the first aluminum alloy sub-frame is provided below the gap and is fixedly connected to the metal profile, the second aluminum alloy sub-frame is provided above the first aluminum alloy sub-frame, the aluminum alloy pressing block is provided between the two second aluminum alloy sub-frames, the support frame is provided above the first aluminum alloy sub-frame and placed between the two second aluminum alloy sub-frames, glass is provided above the second aluminum alloy sub-frame, and a sealing structure is provided between the glass and the support frame.

[0004] The above patented technologies all play a certain waterproof role by setting up waterproof structures, but the following technical problems still exist: (1) By optimizing the sealing structure to block sunlight and rain, the service life of the sealant is increased to improve the waterproof effect of the roof, leakage will still occur, and the leakage problem cannot be completely solved. If water seepage occurs, there is no remedial measure, resulting in rainwater leaking into the room; (2) The above-mentioned roof curtain wall with a waterproof structure is only suitable for local concrete structure roof and local small-scale roof curtain wall projects, and the effect of use is poor in the construction environment of grid shell curved roof curtain wall; (3) The anti-leakage design and construction of curved inclined structures is more difficult than that of flat structures, and it is necessary to design a multi-level, high-performance and rainwater-conducting design structure with stronger performance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure. By combining aluminum alloy keels and tempered glass between tempered hollow laminated glass and steel beams with anti-leakage components, the construction space is increased and the construction efficiency is improved. In addition, the waterproof design of this component mainly utilizes the inclination of tempered glass, so that the water on the glass can flow into the intercepting groove by its own weight, reducing the construction cost and improving the waterproof function of the glass curtain wall. In view of the current situation that the anti-leakage design and construction of the curved inclined structure are more difficult than the flat structure, the present invention effectively avoids the problem that only the sealing structure is optimized to block sunlight and rainwater and increase the service life of the sealant to improve the waterproof effect of the roof, but leakage still occurs and the technical problem of water leakage cannot be completely solved, thereby achieving that even if water seepage occurs, it can still be drained through the subsequent waterproof structure, and the present invention is more suitable for the construction environment of the lattice shell curved roof curtain wall, including:

[0006] A board seam node waterproof unit, comprising a curtain wall panel, a waterproof coating provided above the board seam of two curtain wall panels as a first waterproof layer, a roof curtain wall profile keel for docking and positioning the curtain wall, a structural adhesive provided on the upper surface of the roof curtain wall profile keel and used to connect the curtain wall panel and having a double-sided adhesive pad, a connecting piece steel plate for supporting and connecting and welded to the upper part of the steel structure lattice shell steel beam through a welding point, a second fixing bolt for fixing the roof curtain wall profile keel to the connecting piece steel plate, and an aluminum profile water cutoff groove fixedly connected to the roof curtain wall profile keel and directly opposite to the lower part of the curtain wall panel connection seam, wherein the aluminum profile water cutoff groove is concave in shape;

[0007] The drainage system comprises an aluminum profile cut-off trough body and an eaves edge beam drainage pipe connected to the lower part of the aluminum profile cut-off trough.

[0008] Preferably, the aluminum profile water cut-off trough is installed in an inclined manner, and the end close to the eaves is relatively low.

[0009] Preferably, the plate seam node waterproof unit further includes:

[0010] A foam rod is placed above the seam between two curtain wall panels as a second waterproof layer, and a silicone structural adhesive is applied between the foam rod and the curtain wall panel.

[0011] Preferably, the feature is that: the aluminum profile water cut-off groove comprises:

[0012] A waterproof coating applied to the interior surface.

[0013] Preferably, the curtain wall panel is a glass panel or an aluminum panel.

[0014] Preferably, the curtain wall panel is a tempered hollow laminated glass panel.

[0015] Preferably, the roof curtain wall profile keel and the aluminum profile water cut-off groove are fixedly connected by a first fixing bolt.

[0016] A method for using a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure comprises the following steps:

[0017] S100: First, the installation of the anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall is completed. When it rains, rainwater is blocked from entering the room by the first line of defense waterproof coating installed above the seam between the two curtain wall panels;

[0018] S200: Due to the waterproofness of the waterproof coating itself and other reasons, it is impossible to achieve absolute blocking, so the rainwater that leaks into the board seam eventually flows into the concave aluminum profile intercepting groove just below the curtain wall board connection seam, thereby collecting the rainwater;

[0019] S300: Under the action of the aluminum profile intercepting groove, the rainwater is finally guided into the drainage pipe of the eaves edge beam until it is discharged to the outside, thus completely blocking the rainwater from entering the room.

[0020] Preferably, the above step S200 further includes the following steps:

[0021] S201: When rainwater enters the board seam, it is first blocked by the second line of defense foam rod and sealant, thereby preventing it from further entering the board seam;

[0022] S202: After being blocked by the foam rod and the sealant, a small amount of rainwater will enter the aluminum profile gutter, and the aluminum profile gutter will proceed to the next step of processing.

[0023] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0024] 1. The invention discloses a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-seepage structure, which is achieved by making a component similar to the Chinese character "concave" between the keel profiles of the roof curved panel curtain wall, wherein the upper part is connected with the "concave" aluminum profile keel after the plate-to-plate connection, and the lower part is connected with the lattice shell steel structure steel beam supporting steel member through a connecting piece and a bolt, as a supporting structure, when the curtain wall panel seam leaks water, the rainwater leaks into the inside of the aluminum profile intercepting groove, and is finally discharged to the outside by the eaves side beam drainage pipe, the inner side of the "concave" aluminum profile keel and the aluminum profile joint are treated with waterproof coating, and the "concave" aluminum profile joint of the keel adopts a socket-type joint to realize the joint effect of multiple waterproof layer structures, the method is simple to operate, enhances the anti-seepage function of the roof curtain wall, and effectively realizes the design effect of "prevention as the main, and shared prevention and drainage".

[0025] 2. The anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice structure roof curtain wall of the present invention, when rainwater seeps into the intercepting groove, it is discharged from the high point of the curved surface along the curved surface of the roof to the low point or the eaves through the keel with a "concave" aluminum profile, and a drainage pipe is set at the low point or the eaves to discharge to the outdoors. In addition, the roof curtain wall profile has increased the water interception function, effectively improved the anti-leakage and drainage functions, and greatly reduced the use and maintenance operation costs.

[0026] 3. The anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice structure roof curtain wall of the present invention is connected to the double tempered hollow laminated glass at the upper part through silicone structural adhesive, and is connected to the steel structure steel beam at the lower part through stainless steel bolts and steel plates. Through the two waterproof layers and the "concave" aluminum profile water cut-off groove, on the one hand, the construction work space is increased and the work efficiency is improved; on the other hand, after the leakage occurs, it can be timely collected into the water cut-off groove through the "concave" structure, and then drained from the drainage hole, thereby protecting the waterproof and anti-penetration work of the curtain wall. In addition, by applying a waterproof adhesive layer on the inner wall of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove, it is necessary to apply waterproof paint to the pipe connection at least twice during construction to ensure the best waterproof effect, which not only prevents water leakage from entering the room, but also greatly prevents rainwater from oxidizing and corroding the surface of the water cut-off groove, thereby avoiding the frequent replacement of the internal water cut-off groove in the later stage, and effectively reducing manual labor and later maintenance costs.

[0027] 4. A curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure of the present invention,

[0028] In the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum profile water cut-off groove is connected to the roof curtain wall aluminum alloy profile keel by a detachable connection method, and the groove is inserted into the lower groove by at least 30 mm. While effectively realizing the positioning of the two, it can provide great convenience for the later replacement and maintenance of the water cut-off groove, reduce manual labor and improve work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a waterproof point of a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the intersection of the aluminum profile keel and the water cutoff groove of a curved surface lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a roof curtain wall cross-section structure of a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a water intercepting trough drainage pipe structure of a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-seepage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of a method for using a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the method for using S200 of a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In all the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same technical features, specifically: 1- waterproof coating, 2- foam rod, 3- curtain wall panel, 4- aluminum profile water cut-off groove, 5- roof curtain wall profile keel, 6- first fixing bolt, 7- second fixing bolt, 8- connecting piece steel plate, 9- steel structure grid shell steel beam, 10- welding point, 11- structural adhesive, 12- special profile node, 13- roof curtain wall aluminum veneer, 14- eaves edge beam drainage pipe, 15- roof steel structure curved grid shell steel beam, 16- curtain wall keel and steel beam upper supporting steel plate connection, 17- roof curtain wall panel seam, 18- eaves grid shell edge steel beam outer aluminum plate, 19- eaves grid shell edge steel beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. Figure 1 to Figure 4 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-leakage structure of a curved lattice shell roof curtain wall comprises:

[0037] A board seam node waterproof unit, comprising a curtain wall panel 3, a waterproof coating 1 provided above the board seam of two curtain wall panels 3 as a first waterproof layer, a roof curtain wall profile keel 5 for docking and positioning the curtain wall, a structural adhesive 11 provided on the upper surface of the roof curtain wall profile keel 5 and used to connect the curtain wall panel 3 and having a double-sided adhesive pad, a connecting piece steel plate 8 for supporting and connecting and welded to the upper side of the steel structure lattice shell steel beam 9 through a welding point 10, a second fixing bolt 7 for fixing the roof curtain wall profile keel 5 to the connecting piece steel plate 8, and an aluminum profile water cutoff groove 4 fixedly connected to the roof curtain wall profile keel 5 and directly opposite to the lower side of the connecting seam of the curtain wall panel 3, wherein the aluminum profile water cutoff groove 4 is concave in shape;

[0038] The drainage system includes an aluminum profile water cut-off trough 4 main body and an eaves edge beam drainage pipe 14 connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile water cut-off trough 4.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, a component similar to the Chinese character "concave" is made between the keel profiles of the roof curved panel curtain wall, the upper part is connected with the "concave" aluminum profile keel after the plate is connected, and the lower part is connected with the steel beam supporting steel member of the lattice steel structure through connecting parts and bolts, as a supporting structure, when the curtain wall panel seam leaks water, rainwater leaks into the inside of the aluminum profile water intercepting groove 4, and is finally discharged to the outside through the eaves side beam drainage pipe 14, the inner side of the "concave" aluminum profile keel and the aluminum profile joint are treated with waterproof coating, and the "concave" aluminum profile joint of the keel adopts a socket-type joint to realize the joint effect of multiple waterproof layer structures. The method is simple to operate, enhances the anti-leakage function of the roof curtain wall, and effectively realizes the design effect of "prevention as the main, prevention and drainage shared".

[0040] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: first, the installation of the anti-seepage structure of the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall is completed. When it is rainy, rainwater is blocked from entering the room by the first line of defense waterproof coating 1 arranged above the seam between two curtain wall panels 3; then, due to the waterproof property of the waterproof coating 1 itself and other reasons, it is impossible to achieve absolute blocking, so that the rainwater that leaks into the seam eventually flows into the concave aluminum profile intercepting groove 4 just below the connecting seam of the curtain wall panels 3, so as to collect the rainwater; then, under the action of the aluminum profile intercepting groove 4, the rainwater is eventually introduced into the eaves edge beam drainage pipe 14 until it is discharged to the outside, so as to completely block the rainwater from entering the room.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4 is installed in an inclined manner, and the end close to the eaves is relatively low.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, when rainwater seeps into the water intercepting ditch, it is discharged from the high point of the curved surface along the roof curved surface to the low point or eaves through the "concave" aluminum profile keel, and a drainage pipe is set at the low point or eaves to discharge to the outdoors. In addition, the roof curtain wall profile has increased the water interception function, effectively improved the anti-leakage and drainage functions, and greatly reduced the use and maintenance operation costs.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the plate joint waterproof unit further includes:

[0044] A foam rod 2 is arranged above the seam between two curtain wall panels 3 as a second waterproof layer, and a silicone structural adhesive is applied between the foam rod 2 and the curtain wall panels 3.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, the upper part is connected to the double tempered hollow laminated glass through silicone structural adhesive, and the lower part is connected to the steel structure steel beam through stainless steel bolts and steel plates. Through the two waterproof layers and the "concave" aluminum profile water cutoff groove 4, on the one hand, the construction work space is increased and the work efficiency is improved; on the other hand, when water leaks, it can be promptly collected into the water cutoff groove through the "concave" structure and then drained from the drainage hole, thereby protecting the waterproof and anti-penetration work of the curtain wall.

[0046] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the drainage system includes:

[0047] The waterproof coating is applied to the inner surface of the aluminum profile water cutoff groove 4, the eaves edge beam drainage pipe 14 and the pipe connection.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, a waterproof adhesive layer is applied to the inner wall of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4. During construction, it is necessary to apply waterproof paint to the pipe connection at least twice to ensure the best waterproof effect. This not only prevents water from leaking into the room, but also greatly prevents rainwater from oxidizing and corroding the surface of the water cut-off groove 4, thereby avoiding frequent replacement of the internal water cut-off groove in the later stage, and effectively reducing labor and later maintenance costs.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the curtain wall panel 3 is a glass panel or an aluminum single panel.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the curtain wall panel 3 is a tempered hollow laminated glass panel.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the fixed connection between the roof curtain wall profile keel 5 and the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4 adopts a socket joint, and is fixedly connected by a first fixing bolt 6.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4 is connected to the roof curtain wall aluminum alloy profile keel 5 by a detachable connection method, and the groove is inserted into the lower groove by at least 30 mm. While effectively realizing the positioning of the two, it can provide great convenience for the later replacement and maintenance of the water cut-off groove, reduce manual labor and improve work efficiency.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for using the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure comprises the following steps:

[0054] S100: First, the installation of the anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall is completed. When it is rainy, rainwater is blocked from entering the room by the first line of defense waterproof coating 1 arranged above the seam between the two curtain wall panels 3;

[0055] S200: Due to the waterproofness of the waterproof coating 1 itself and other reasons, it is impossible to achieve absolute blocking, so that the rainwater that leaks into the board seam eventually flows into the concave aluminum profile intercepting groove 4 just below the connection seam of the curtain wall board 3, thereby collecting the rainwater;

[0056] S300: Under the action of the aluminum profile water intercepting groove 4, the rainwater is finally introduced into the eaves edge beam drainage pipe 14 until it is discharged to the outside, thereby completely blocking the rainwater from entering the room.

[0057] like Figure 6 In the embodiment of the present invention, the above step S200 further includes the following steps:

[0058] S201: When rainwater enters the board seam, it is first blocked by the second line of defense foam rod 2 and the sealant, thereby preventing it from further entering the board seam;

[0059] S202: After being blocked by the foam rod 2 and the sealant, a small amount of rainwater will enter the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4, so that the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4 is processed in the next step.

[0060] In the embodiments of the present invention, in view of the current situation that the anti-leakage design and construction of the curved inclined structure is more difficult than that of the flat structure, a multi-level, high-performance and rainwater-conducting waterproof structure is designed to effectively avoid the problem that only optimizing the sealing structure to block sunlight and rainwater and increase the service life of the sealant to improve the waterproof effect of the roof, but leakage still occurs and the technical problem of water leakage cannot be completely solved, thereby achieving the goal that even if water seepage occurs, it can still be drained through the subsequent waterproof structure, and the present invention is more suitable for the construction environment of the lattice shell curved roof curtain wall.

[0061] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure, characterized in that: include: A plate seam node waterproof unit, comprising a curtain wall panel (3), a waterproof coating (1) provided above the plate seam between two curtain wall panels (3) as a first waterproof layer, a roof curtain wall profile keel (5) for docking and positioning the curtain wall, a structural adhesive (11) provided on the upper surface of the roof curtain wall profile keel (5) and used for connecting the curtain wall panel (3) and having a double-sided adhesive pad, a connecting piece steel plate (8) for supporting and connecting and welded to the upper part of a steel structure lattice steel beam (9) through a welding point (10), a second fixing bolt (7) for fixing the roof curtain wall profile keel (5) and the connecting piece steel plate (8), and an aluminum profile water cut-off groove (4) fixedly connected to the roof curtain wall profile keel (5) and directly opposite to the bottom of the connecting seam of the curtain wall panel (3), wherein the aluminum profile water cut-off groove (4) is concave in shape; A drainage system, comprising an aluminum profile water cut-off trough (4) main body and an eaves edge beam drainage pipe (14) connected to the bottom of the aluminum profile water cut-off trough (4); The aluminum profile water cut-off trough (4) is installed in an inclined manner, and the end close to the eaves is relatively low; The board seam node waterproof unit further comprises: a foam rod (2) provided above the board seam of the two curtain wall panels (3) as a second waterproof layer, and a silicone structural adhesive applied between the foam rod (2) and the curtain wall panels (3); The drainage system comprises: a waterproof coating applied to the inner surface of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove (4), the eaves side beam drainage pipe (14) and the pipe connection; The fixed connection between the roof curtain wall profile keel (5) and the aluminum profile water cut-off groove (4) adopts a socket-type joint, and is fixedly connected by a first fixing bolt (6).

2. The anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice shell roof curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curtain wall panel (3) is a glass panel or an aluminum panel.

3. The anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice shell roof curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curtain wall panel (3) is a tempered hollow laminated glass panel.

4. A method for using a curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: S100: first, the installation of the anti-leakage structure of the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall is completed. When it is rainy, rainwater is blocked from entering the room by the first line of defense waterproof coating (1) arranged above the seam between the two curtain wall panels (3); S200: Due to the waterproofness of the waterproof coating (1) itself and other reasons, it is not possible to achieve absolute blocking, so that the rainwater that leaks into the board seam eventually flows into the concave aluminum profile intercepting groove (4) just below the connection seam of the curtain wall panel (3), thereby collecting the rainwater; S300: Under the action of the aluminum profile intercepting groove (4), rainwater is finally guided into the eaves edge beam drainage pipe (14) until it is discharged outdoors, thereby completely blocking the rainwater from entering the room.

5. According to the method for using the curved lattice shell structure roof curtain wall anti-leakage structure of claim 4, the step S200 comprises the following steps: S201: When rainwater enters the board seam, it is first blocked by the second line of defense foam rod (2) and the sealant, thereby preventing it from further entering the board seam; S202: After being blocked by the foam rod (2) and the sealant, a small amount of rainwater will enter the interior of the aluminum profile water cut-off groove 4 (4), so that the aluminum profile water cut-off groove (4) is processed in the next step.

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