A planting method capable of planting three crops of spring muskmelon, summer leafy vegetables and autumn and winter tomatoes in a greenhouse

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method capable of planting three crops of spring muskmelon, summer leafy vegetables and autumn and winter tomatoes in a greenhouse. The method can continuously plant the three different crops of muskmelon, leafy vegetables and tomatoes in the same greenhouse, thereby improving land utilization and production income.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of greenhouse planting, and in particular relates to a planting method for planting three crops of spring thick-skinned melons, summer leafy vegetables and autumn and winter tomatoes in a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of greenhouse planting area and the gradual improvement of cultivation technology, the income obtained from planting in the conventional cultivation mode has gradually decreased. In order to change this situation, we must correctly analyze the market situation, grasp its changing rules, arrange the crop rotation scientifically and rationally, use high-tech agricultural technology, grasp information, and connect with the market to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

[0003] In order to increase the income of the greenhouse, the applicant proposed a planting method for planting three crops in the greenhouse. The three crops selected are spring thick-skinned melons, summer leafy vegetables and autumn and winter tomatoes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a crop planting method which can improve the utilization efficiency of a greenhouse and increase the income from greenhouse planting.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The applicant carried out planting at the greenhouse compound cultivation experimental demonstration base of the 51st Regiment Base of Yehe Sunshine in Tumushuke City, the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The greenhouse of the experimental base is 100 meters long and 8 meters wide. The soil is sandy loam, the terrain is flat, and the soil fertility is uniform.

[0007] The applicant chose to plant spring thick-skinned melons + summer leafy vegetables + autumn and winter tomatoes in the greenhouse, which can achieve better economic benefits.

[0008] Muskmelon is a high-quality fruit product with a large market demand. It is put on the market in autumn, and the market supply is blank after November. Therefore, spring muskmelon cultivation is carried out, seedlings are raised and transplanted in late January, harvested and put on the market in early May, and transplanted in early June. The price is high and it sells well, with a sales price of 15-18 yuan per kilogram. The output of greenhouse melons in spring can reach 4,200 kilograms. At 15 yuan per kilogram, the output value of melons in one season can reach 63,000 yuan.

[0009] Water spinach, also known as Ipomoea aquatica, has a long supply period and special flavor, and has certain medicinal value. After the spring melon seedlings are pulled out in the solar greenhouse, the indoor environment is in a high temperature and high humidity, which is conducive to the growth of water spinach, which can improve its quality and yield. In addition, planting water spinach in summer can also meet people's demand for light leafy vegetables. Water spinach grows fast in summer. The output of water spinach in the greenhouse can reach 2,400 kilograms in summer. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value is 7,200 yuan.

[0010] If the autumn and winter tomatoes are planted before the end of December, the yield can reach 9,400 kilograms. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value can reach 28,400 yuan.

[0011] The specific method of planting spring thick-skinned melons + summer leafy vegetables + autumn and winter tomatoes is as follows:

[0012] 1. Plant muskmelon first

[0013] 1.1. Preparation before sowing

[0014] 1.1.1 Soil preparation

[0015] From the end of January to the beginning of February, apply 10 cubic meters of farmyard manure to each greenhouse. Spread the fertilizer evenly and then irrigate. Be sure to irrigate thoroughly. When the greenhouse ground temperature reaches the planting requirements, disinfect the soil according to technical requirements, usually with carbendazim.

[0016] 1.1.2 Ridging

[0017] After 15 days of irrigation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are carried out, and ridges are formed after leveling. The ridge spacing is 1.1m and the ridge height is 40cm. Two parallel wires are pulled on the top of each ridge, with a spacing of 50cm and a height of 2.2m. Two drip irrigation lines are laid on each ridge. The ground film is covered and the surrounding areas are pressed with soil when laying the film.

[0018] 1.2. Colonization

[0019] When planting spring melons in the greenhouse, the ground temperature should be stable above 10℃, and the lowest temperature should be above 12℃, which is about early March. Use vertical frame planting, double rows on the ridges, and staggered triangles. The plant spacing is 50cm, and the number of melons in each greenhouse is 2,200.

[0020] 1.2.1 Variety selection

[0021] Choose early to mid-maturing varieties with high sugar content, such as Xizhoumi No. 25, Tangwang Ancient Melon, etc.

[0022] 1.2.2 Melon seedling standards

[0023] The seedlings should not be too old. Choose healthy seedlings with 2 true leaves and 1 heart, without diseases and pests, and without excessive growth.

[0024] 1.2.3. Digging holes and planting seedlings

[0025] First, dig triangular holes with a spacing of 50 cm between plants and 10 cm between rows on both sides of the drip irrigation, then plant the seedlings, cover with soil, and irrigate in time. This method of seedling transplanting can improve photosynthesis and achieve the purpose of water saving. Remember to cover the quilt at night. During the seedling acclimatization period, if the seedlings die due to severe root damage or other reasons, they should be replanted in time.

[0026] 1.3 Field management

[0027] 1.3.1 Ventilation

[0028] During the seedling acclimatization period, the greenhouse temperature is best maintained at around 30°C. Depending on the season and the conditions of the greenhouse, ventilation is generally not required. Ventilation can be considered when the seedlings are growing vigorously after the seedling acclimatization period. Do not open the vents completely during ventilation, otherwise the melon seedlings will be easily frozen to death or grow slowly due to the influence of the cold air outside. As the greenhouse temperature rises, gradually open the vents. Generally, it is advisable to ventilate for 2 hours at noon.

[0029] 1.3.2 Watering

[0030] Water the plants on time after the seedlings have grown. Observe the humidity in the greenhouse every day. If the humidity is high, control the amount of watering. If the humidity is low, increase the amount of watering. When watering, try to use a nutrient solution mixed with a certain proportion of various nutrient elements, but nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited.

[0031] 1.3.3 Temperature

[0032] Melons are plants that like high temperatures, so when growing melons in a greenhouse, in order to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse, quilts are usually pulled in time in the morning and covered in the evening. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 15-35℃. If the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 15℃, heating facilities need to be used in time to increase the temperature in the greenhouse. When the temperature is too high, open the plastic film below for ventilation to lower the temperature in the greenhouse.

[0033] 1.3.4、Rope hanging

[0034] When the melon grows to 6 to 7 true leaves, use hemp rope or plastic rope to hang one end of the vine on the iron wire at the top of the greenhouse, and tie the other end to the root of the plant with a slipknot. Regularly wrap the plant around the rope to make it grow upward. When the temperature rises at noon, the vine will not break easily. If the main vine breaks, cultivate the side vines. The rope should be tied evenly to the iron wire, otherwise the vines will pile up, affecting the normal photosynthesis of the vine and easily inducing diseases and insect pests.

[0035] 1.4. Pruning

[0036] For early-maturing varieties, single vine pruning is generally used in spring, and the vines before the tenth node should be removed during the growth of the main vine. The vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes are most suitable for keeping melons, so pollination is carried out when the vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes bloom.

[0037] 1.5 Pollination

[0038] 1.5.1. Insect pollination.

[0039] Place a bumblebee hive in the greenhouse for pollination by bumblebees.

[0040] 1.5.2. Pollination with drugs

[0041] When there are few pollinating insect sources, during the peak flowering period, dissolve 50ppm of fruit setting agent in clean water and spray it on the female flowers from 10 am to 12 pm every day to increase the fruit setting rate.

[0042] 1.5.3 Artificial pollination

[0043] When there are few pollinating insects, artificial pollination should be carried out every morning during the flowering period, and the male flowers of different plants should be smeared on the heads of female flowers. When pollinating, attention should be paid to the accuracy of pollination time and operation. When pollinating, try to avoid touching the female flowers with your hands to prevent damage to the female flowers.

[0044] 1.6. Leave the melon

[0045] When young melons begin to appear, leave two leaves in front of the melon and pinch off the top. When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, select one of the three young melons on the tenth to twelfth nodes, the largest young melon with a regular, oblong fruit. If the tenth to twelfth nodes do not produce melons, you can keep the melons on the thirteenth to fifteenth nodes, but the later the melons are kept on the market, the less obvious the characteristics of the melon variety will be. While keeping the melons, remove the old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves, and excess side vines and side buds in time to reduce nutrient consumption. Pinch off the main vine when it has 25 leaves, leaving two sub-vines on the top to let them grow freely.

[0046] 1.7. Pest and disease control

[0047] The premise of melon pest control is to control the humidity in the greenhouse. If a disease occurs, take comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the disease from spreading. When the base number of greenhouse whiteflies, aphids, and leaf miners is low, yellow boards can be used to lure and kill them to reduce the damage.

[0048] 1.8. Fruit ripening and harvesting

[0049] According to the requirements of commercial melons, the maturity of the harvested fruit should reach above 19 degrees sugar, and the harvesting time is in mid-to-late May. The maturity of the melon can generally be judged by the degree of dryness of the tendrils at the fruit-bearing node. When the tendrils begin to dry, the fruit is ripe and should be harvested in time. When harvesting the fruit, it should be handled and placed gently to prevent any bruises, and the fruit should be covered with plastic foam nets as soon as possible.

[0050] The spring greenhouse melon yield can reach 4,200 kilograms. Based on 15 yuan per kilogram, the output value of melons in one season can reach 63,000 yuan.

[0051] After the muskmelon is harvested, start planting water spinach. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] 2. After harvesting the muskmelon, start planting water spinach

[0053] About 10 days after the first crop of melons is harvested, the second crop of water spinach is planted. Water spinach is planted in early June. Before planting water spinach, the land needs to be prepared and the greenhouse is covered for a week for disinfection and sterilization.

[0054] 2.1 Variety selection

[0055] Large-leaf water spinach, large chicken gall, etc.

[0056] 2.2 Land preparation and fertilization

[0057] Water spinach grows fast and has strong branching ability. It requires more fertilizer and water, so it is advisable to apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, about 5 cubic meters of decomposed cow and sheep manure are applied to each greenhouse, and 50 kg of superphosphate or 30 kg of diammonium phosphate are used as base fertilizer, and the land is prepared into wide and flat beds.

[0058] 2.3. Seed soaking and germination

[0059] The seed coat of water spinach seeds is thick and hard, so it is advisable to soak the seeds for germination. In summer, dry seeds can be directly sown in rows. Soak the seeds in 50-60℃ hot water for 30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water for 24 hours, washing them twice in between. After soaking, remove the seeds and wash them. Germination should be accelerated at 25℃. Wash them with warm water once a day. They will sprout in 5-7 days, and can be sown when they are white. The soil should be fertile and loose, and they can be sown by broadcasting or row sowing.

[0060] 2.4. Valuation and management

[0061] Dry seeding is done in rows with 4 rows per furrow. After sowing, cover the soil, tamp it down with your feet, and water it thoroughly. When the water spinach grows to about 3cm, keep irrigating it frequently with small amounts of water. Generally, ventilation is less during the growing period. When the indoor temperature exceeds 35℃ at noon, short-term ventilation can be used. In order to promote rapid growth of stems and leaves and improve quality, 40ppm gibberellin can be sprayed appropriately, once every 20 days or so.

[0062] 2.5 Disease prevention and control

[0063] 2.5.1. Damping-off disease

[0064] It often occurs in greenhouses, mainly due to soil bacteria. Effective soil disinfection can reduce the incidence. If diseased plants are found during the true leaf expansion period, they should be sprayed with 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim in time.

[0065] 2.5.2 White rust

[0066] Due to poor drainage and ventilation, it often occurs in greenhouses in summer. Remove the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease and spray 500 times of 50% metalaxyl wettable powder or 300 times of 40% cypermethrin wettable powder.

[0067] The main pests of water spinach cultivated in solar greenhouses in summer are red spider mites and cabbage loopers, which can be controlled with 1500 times diluted 15% cypermethrin.

[0068] 2.6 Harvesting

[0069] Water spinach grows fast in summer, with a growth cycle of about 60 days. The stems and leaves are prone to aging and must be harvested in time. Generally, the stems are harvested when they are 30 cm long. In the early stage, 2 to 3 nodes are left at the base to promote the growth of multiple side branches. Pick once every 10 to 15 days. If you pick multiple times, only 1 to 2 nodes will be left after 3 to 4 times to avoid too many branches that affect quality and yield. You should also remove some overcrowded side branches and some old plants, and add fertilizer and water appropriately.

[0070] The greenhouse water spinach yield can reach 2,400 kilograms in summer. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value is 7,200 yuan.

[0071] After harvesting water spinach, start planting tomatoes.

[0072] 3. After harvesting water spinach, start planting tomatoes

[0073] Tomatoes are planted in late August and seedlings can be grown in early July.

[0074] 3.1 Variety selection

[0075] For autumn greenhouse tomato cultivation, we should choose varieties that are high-yielding, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, not prone to leggy growth, with concentrated fruiting, small plant shape, and able to tolerate weak light. We use excellent varieties such as Guomei and Aoteyou.

[0076] 3.2. Sowing and raising seedlings in nutrient bags

[0077] 3.2.1. Sowing. In early July in southern Xinjiang, sterilized and germinated seeds are sown in 10x10cm seedling pots.

[0078] 3.2.2. Seedling Management

[0079] Water after the seedlings emerge, and set up a small arch shed for shade if conditions permit. Remove the small arch shed after the seedlings have grown slowly to prevent the seedlings from growing too tall. Control water appropriately during the seedling stage. In order to meet the needs of the seedlings for phosphorus and potassium, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 2 times.

[0080] 3.3 Land preparation, fertilization and planting

[0081] 3.3.1 Land preparation and fertilization: Apply 10 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea per mu, deep plow and level the land, make 1.1-meter-wide ridges, lay drip irrigation tapes and ground film.

[0082] 3.3.2 Planting and density

[0083] Planting is done around August 25. Use a drill to drill two rows of holes about 15 cm on both sides of the drip irrigation belt. The depth should be the same as the height of the seedlings. The spacing between plants is 40 cm. Use watering combined with drip irrigation to irrigate the plants and seal the soil after the water seeps in. The number of plants per mu is about 3,800.

[0084] 3.4 Management after planting

[0085] 3.4.1. Pre-result management

[0086] From planting to the first ear of fruit swelling is the early stage of fruiting, and this period is mainly about temperature and water management. After planting, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and keep the greenhouse temperature at around 20-30℃. After the seedlings are hardened, prevent the seedlings from growing too tall, and keep the greenhouse temperature at 20-25℃ during the day. Water the seedlings after the 4th to 5th day of planting, and the first inflorescence will bloom about 10 days after planting. In order to adjust the relationship between seedlings and fruits, it is necessary to appropriately cool down and control water, and start to slow down the seedlings. Use bumblebee pollination and artificial assisted pollination when the flowers bloom.

[0087] 3.4.2. Management during the peak fruiting period

[0088] During this period, the plants are in full bloom and bear fruit, and require more water and fertilizer. When the second bunch of fruits grows to the size of a walnut and is about 3 cm in diameter, the seedlings are stopped and watering and topdressing are started to ensure that the fruits expand rapidly. When the first bunch of fruits turns from green to white, water the second time and apply topdressing. In the future, water according to the soil moisture and plant growth needs. Generally, water once every 6 to 7 days, and apply topdressing every 6 to 7 days. Each time, apply 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. During this period, the outside temperature gradually decreases, with the daytime temperature at around 25°C and the night temperature at 15 to 17°C. As the temperature drops, pay attention to heat preservation and cold protection.

[0089] 3.4.3 Plant Adjustment

[0090] The high temperature and poor light in the greenhouse can easily cause tomato leggy growth, thus affecting the quality of tomatoes. Therefore, plant adjustments should be made in time to control their excessive vegetative growth. Use single-stem pruning and pinch off useless side branches. Pinch off side branches when they grow to 5-6 cm in the early stage, and pinch off side branches when they are seen in the later stage. For small-frame cultivation, pinch off three ears of fruit, and for unlimited large-frame cultivation, pinch off 7-8 ears of fruit. Generally, 4 fruits are left per ear, and the largest and smallest ones are removed. In the later stage, the lower diseased yellow leaves and old leaves should be removed at any time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

[0091] 3.5. Disease and pest control

[0092] 3.5.1. Tomato gray mold

[0093] The main diseases of protected tomato. Most of them first infect the petals and receptacles left on the green fruit, and then spread to the fruit stalk. The fruit skin is grayish white and water-soaked soft rot. When the humidity is high, grayish white and brown mold grows on the surface of the diseased fruit, and gray-brown lesions grow on the leaves, mostly on the tips of the leaflets. When it is humid, gray-brown mold grows. In the early stage of the disease, 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 500 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl solution can be sprayed, and the drugs can be used alternately, generally once every 7 to 10 days.

[0094] 3.5.2. Tomato leaf spot

[0095] The main damage is to the leaves. Generally, the disease starts from the bottom of the leaves and gradually spreads upwards to the stems and calyx. In the early stage of the disease, small round water-soaked spots appear on the back of the leaves, and then both sides turn into small brown spots. The spots gradually develop into round or nearly round shapes, with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, dark brown edges, grayish white in the center, slightly sunken, and small black spots on them. In severe cases, the leaves die and the plants age prematurely. Spray 70% mancozeb or 50% carbendazim for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease. Once every 7 to 10 days.

[0096] 3.5.3. Tomato leafminers and whiteflies

[0097] An important pest of tomatoes, mainly harming leaves. If adults are found in the greenhouse, spray 1500-1000 times of 48% chlorpyrifos EC or 1000 times of 10% nicotine EC once every 7-days. During the peak period of occurrence, spray once every 5-7 days. Yellow boards can also be used to trap and kill.

[0098] If the autumn and winter tomatoes are planted before the end of December, the yield can reach 9,400 kilograms. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value can reach 28,400 yuan.

[0099] Through the implementation of this greenhouse efficient composite cultivation technology, the annual output value of each greenhouse can reach 98,600 yuan.

[0100] By continuously planting muskmelon, water spinach and tomatoes in the same greenhouse, the utilization efficiency of the greenhouse can be improved and production returns can be increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] The above contents of the present invention are further described in detail below through embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0102] Example 1: This example discloses a pattern of planting spring muskmelons + summer leafy vegetables + autumn and winter tomatoes in a greenhouse. This planting pattern can achieve good economic benefits.

[0103] The specific method of planting spring thick-skinned melons + summer leafy vegetables + autumn and winter tomatoes is as follows:

[0104] 1. Plant muskmelon first

[0105] 1.1. Preparation before sowing

[0106] 1.1.1 Soil preparation

[0107] From the end of January to the beginning of February, apply 10 cubic meters of farmyard manure to each greenhouse. Spread the fertilizer evenly and then irrigate. Be sure to irrigate thoroughly. When the greenhouse ground temperature reaches the planting requirements, disinfect the soil according to technical requirements, usually with carbendazim.

[0108] 1.1.2 Ridging

[0109] After 15 days of irrigation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are carried out, and ridges are formed after leveling. The ridge spacing is 1.1m and the ridge height is 40cm. Two parallel wires are pulled on the top of each ridge, with a spacing of 50cm and a height of 2.2m. Two drip irrigation lines are laid on each ridge. The ground film is covered and the surrounding areas are pressed with soil when laying the film.

[0110] 1.2. Colonization

[0111] When planting spring melons in the greenhouse, the ground temperature should be stable above 10℃, and the lowest temperature should be above 12℃, which is about early March. Use vertical frame planting, double rows on the ridges, and staggered triangles. The plant spacing is 50cm, and the number of melons in each greenhouse is 2,200.

[0112] 1.2.1 Variety selection

[0113] Choose early to mid-maturing varieties with high sugar content, such as Xizhoumi No. 25, Tangwang Ancient Melon, etc.

[0114] 1.2.2 Melon seedling standards

[0115] The seedlings should not be too old. Choose healthy seedlings with 2 true leaves and 1 heart, without diseases and pests, and without excessive growth.

[0116] 1.2.3. Digging holes and planting seedlings

[0117] First, dig triangular holes with a spacing of 50 cm between plants and 10 cm between rows on both sides of the drip irrigation, then plant the seedlings, cover with soil, and irrigate in time. This method of seedling transplanting can improve photosynthesis and achieve the purpose of water saving. Remember to cover the quilt at night. During the seedling acclimatization period, if the seedlings die due to severe root damage or other reasons, they should be replanted in time.

[0118] 1.3 Field management

[0119] 1.3.1 Ventilation

[0120] During the seedling acclimatization period, the greenhouse temperature is best maintained at around 30°C. Depending on the season and the conditions of the greenhouse, ventilation is generally not required. Ventilation can be considered when the seedlings are growing vigorously after the seedling acclimatization period. Do not open the vents completely during ventilation, otherwise the melon seedlings will be easily frozen to death or grow slowly due to the influence of the cold air outside. As the greenhouse temperature rises, gradually open the vents. Generally, it is advisable to ventilate for 2 hours at noon.

[0121] 1.3.2 Watering

[0122] Water the plants on time after the seedlings have grown. Observe the humidity in the greenhouse every day. If the humidity is high, control the amount of watering. If the humidity is low, increase the amount of watering. When watering, try to use a nutrient solution mixed with a certain proportion of various nutrient elements, but nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited.

[0123] 1.3.3 Temperature

[0124] Melons are plants that like high temperatures, so when growing melons in a greenhouse, in order to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse, quilts are usually pulled in time in the morning and covered in the evening. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 15-35℃. If the temperature in the greenhouse drops to 15℃, heating facilities need to be used in time to increase the temperature in the greenhouse. When the temperature is too high, open the plastic film below for ventilation to lower the temperature in the greenhouse.

[0125] 1.3.4、Rope hanging

[0126] When the melon grows to 6 to 7 true leaves, use hemp rope or plastic rope to hang one end of the vine on the iron wire at the top of the greenhouse, and tie the other end to the root of the plant with a slipknot. Regularly wrap the plant around the rope to make it grow upward. When the temperature rises at noon, the vine will not break easily. If the main vine breaks, cultivate the side vines. The rope should be tied evenly to the iron wire, otherwise the vines will pile up, affecting the normal photosynthesis of the vine and easily inducing diseases and insect pests.

[0127] 1.4. Pruning

[0128] For early-maturing varieties, single vine pruning is generally used in spring, and the vines before the tenth node should be removed during the growth of the main vine. The vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes are most suitable for keeping melons, so pollination is carried out when the vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes bloom.

[0129] 1.5 Pollination

[0130] 1.5.1. Insect pollination.

[0131] Place a bumblebee hive in the greenhouse for pollination by bumblebees.

[0132] 1.5.2. Pollination with drugs

[0133] When there are few pollinating insect sources, during the peak flowering period, dissolve 50ppm of fruit setting agent in clean water and spray it on the female flowers from 10 am to 12 pm every day to increase the fruit setting rate.

[0134] 1.5.3 Artificial pollination

[0135] When there are few pollinating insects, artificial pollination should be carried out every morning during the flowering period, and the male flowers of different plants should be smeared on the heads of female flowers. When pollinating, attention should be paid to the accuracy of pollination time and operation. When pollinating, try to avoid touching the female flowers with your hands to prevent damage to the female flowers.

[0136] 1.6. Leave the melon

[0137] When young melons begin to appear, leave two leaves in front of the melon and pinch off the top. When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, select one of the three young melons on the tenth to twelfth nodes, the largest young melon with a regular, oblong fruit. If the tenth to twelfth nodes do not produce melons, you can keep the melons on the thirteenth to fifteenth nodes, but the later the melons are kept on the market, the less obvious the characteristics of the melon variety will be. While keeping the melons, remove the old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves, and excess side vines and side buds in time to reduce nutrient consumption. Pinch off the main vine when it has 25 leaves, leaving two sub-vines on the top to let them grow freely.

[0138] 1.7. Pest and disease control

[0139] The premise of melon pest control is to control the humidity in the greenhouse. If a disease occurs, take comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the disease from spreading. When the base number of greenhouse whiteflies, aphids, and leaf miners is low, yellow boards can be used to lure and kill them to reduce the damage.

[0140] 1.8. Fruit ripening and harvesting

[0141] According to the requirements of commercial melons, the maturity of the harvested fruit should reach above 19 degrees sugar, and the harvesting time is in mid-to-late May. The maturity of the melon can generally be judged by the degree of dryness of the tendrils at the fruit-bearing node. When the tendrils begin to dry, the fruit is ripe and should be harvested in time. When harvesting the fruit, it should be handled and placed gently to prevent any bruises, and the fruit should be covered with plastic foam nets as soon as possible.

[0142] The spring greenhouse melon yield can reach 4,200 kilograms. Based on 15 yuan per kilogram, the output value of melons in one season can reach 63,000 yuan.

[0143] After the muskmelon is harvested, start planting water spinach. The specific steps are as follows:

[0144] 2. After harvesting the muskmelon, start planting water spinach

[0145] About 10 days after the first crop of melons is harvested, the second crop of water spinach is planted. Water spinach is planted in early June. Before planting water spinach, the land needs to be prepared and the greenhouse is covered for a week for disinfection and sterilization.

[0146] 2.1 Variety selection

[0147] Large-leaf water spinach, large chicken gall, etc.

[0148] 2.2 Land preparation and fertilization

[0149] Water spinach grows fast and has strong branching ability. It requires more fertilizer and water, so it is advisable to apply sufficient base fertilizer. Generally, about 5 cubic meters of decomposed cow and sheep manure are applied to each greenhouse, and 50 kg of superphosphate or 30 kg of diammonium phosphate are used as base fertilizer, and the land is prepared into wide and flat beds.

[0150] 2.3. Seed soaking and germination

[0151] The seed coat of water spinach seeds is thick and hard, so it is advisable to soak the seeds for germination. In summer, dry seeds can be directly sown in rows. Soak the seeds in 50-60℃ hot water for 30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water for 24 hours, washing them twice in between. After soaking, remove the seeds and wash them. Germination should be accelerated at 25℃. Wash them with warm water once a day. They will sprout in 5-7 days, and can be sown when they are white. The soil should be fertile and loose, and they can be sown by broadcasting or row sowing.

[0152] 2.4. Valuation and management

[0153] Dry seeding is done in rows with 4 rows per furrow. After sowing, cover the soil, tamp it down with your feet, and water it thoroughly. When the water spinach grows to about 3cm, keep irrigating it frequently with small amounts of water. Generally, ventilation is less during the growing period. When the indoor temperature exceeds 35℃ at noon, short-term ventilation can be used. In order to promote rapid growth of stems and leaves and improve quality, 40ppm gibberellin can be sprayed appropriately, once every 20 days or so.

[0154] 2.5 Disease prevention and control

[0155] 2.5.1. Damping-off disease

[0156] It often occurs in greenhouses, mainly due to soil bacteria. Effective soil disinfection can reduce the incidence. If diseased plants are found during the true leaf expansion period, they should be sprayed with 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim in time.

[0157] 2.5.2 White rust

[0158] Due to poor drainage and ventilation, it often occurs in greenhouses in summer. Remove the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease and spray 500 times of 50% metalaxyl wettable powder or 300 times of 40% cypermethrin wettable powder.

[0159] The main pests of water spinach cultivated in solar greenhouses in summer are red spider mites and cabbage loopers, which can be controlled with 1500 times diluted 15% cypermethrin.

[0160] 2.6 Harvesting

[0161] Water spinach grows fast in summer, with a growth cycle of about 60 days. The stems and leaves are prone to aging and must be harvested in time. Generally, the stems are harvested when they are 30 cm long. In the early stage, 2 to 3 nodes are left at the base to promote the growth of multiple side branches. Pick once every 10 to 15 days. If you pick multiple times, only 1 to 2 nodes will be left after 3 to 4 times to avoid too many branches that affect quality and yield. You should also remove some overcrowded side branches and some old plants, and add fertilizer and water appropriately.

[0162] The greenhouse water spinach yield can reach 2,400 kilograms in summer. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value is 7,200 yuan.

[0163] After harvesting water spinach, start planting tomatoes.

[0164] 3. After harvesting water spinach, start planting tomatoes

[0165] Tomatoes are planted in late August and seedlings can be grown in early July.

[0166] 3.1 Variety selection

[0167] For autumn greenhouse tomato cultivation, we should choose varieties that are high-yielding, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, not prone to leggy growth, with concentrated fruiting, small plant shape, and able to tolerate weak light. We use excellent varieties such as Guomei and Aoteyou.

[0168] 3.2. Sowing and raising seedlings in nutrient bags

[0169] 3.2.1. Sowing. In early July in southern Xinjiang, sterilized and germinated seeds are sown in 10x10cm seedling pots.

[0170] 3.2.2. Seedling Management

[0171] Water after the seedlings emerge, and set up a small arch shed for shade if conditions permit. Remove the small arch shed after the seedlings have grown slowly to prevent the seedlings from growing too tall. Control water appropriately during the seedling stage. In order to meet the needs of the seedlings for phosphorus and potassium, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 2 times.

[0172] 3.3 Land preparation, fertilization and planting

[0173] 3.3.1 Land preparation and fertilization: Apply 10 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea per mu, deep plow and level the land, make 1.1-meter-wide ridges, lay drip irrigation tapes and ground film.

[0174] 3.3.2 Planting and density

[0175] Planting is done around August 25. Use a drill to drill two rows of holes about 15 cm on both sides of the drip irrigation belt. The depth should be the same as the height of the seedlings. The spacing between plants is 40 cm. Use watering combined with drip irrigation to irrigate the plants and seal the soil after the water seeps in. The number of plants per mu is about 3,800.

[0176] 3.4 Management after planting

[0177] 3.4.1. Pre-result management

[0178] From planting to the first ear of fruit swelling is the early stage of fruiting, and this period is mainly about temperature and water management. After planting, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and keep the greenhouse temperature at around 20-30℃. After the seedlings are hardened, prevent the seedlings from growing too tall, and keep the greenhouse temperature at 20-25℃ during the day. Water the seedlings after the 4th to 5th day of planting, and the first inflorescence will bloom about 10 days after planting. In order to adjust the relationship between seedlings and fruits, it is necessary to appropriately cool down and control water, and start to slow down the seedlings. Use bumblebee pollination and artificial assisted pollination when the flowers bloom.

[0179] 3.4.2. Management during the peak fruiting period

[0180] During this period, the plants are in full bloom and bear fruit, and require more water and fertilizer. When the second bunch of fruits grows to the size of a walnut and is about 3 cm in diameter, the seedlings are stopped and watering and topdressing are started to ensure that the fruits expand rapidly. When the first bunch of fruits turns from green to white, water the second time and apply topdressing. In the future, water according to the soil moisture and plant growth needs. Generally, water once every 6 to 7 days, and apply topdressing every 6 to 7 days. Each time, apply 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. During this period, the outside temperature gradually decreases, with the daytime temperature at around 25°C and the night temperature at 15 to 17°C. As the temperature drops, pay attention to heat preservation and cold protection.

[0181] 3.4.3 Plant Adjustment

[0182] The high temperature and poor light in the greenhouse can easily cause tomato leggy growth, thus affecting the quality of tomatoes. Therefore, plant adjustments should be made in time to control their excessive vegetative growth. Use single-stem pruning and pinch off useless side branches. Pinch off side branches when they grow to 5-6 cm in the early stage, and pinch off side branches when they are seen in the later stage. For small-frame cultivation, pinch off three ears of fruit, and for unlimited large-frame cultivation, pinch off 7-8 ears of fruit. Generally, 4 fruits are left per ear, and the largest and smallest ones are removed. In the later stage, the lower diseased yellow leaves and old leaves should be removed at any time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

[0183] 3.5. Disease and pest control

[0184] 3.5.1. Tomato gray mold

[0185] The main diseases of protected tomato. Most of them first infect the petals and receptacles left on the green fruit, and then spread to the fruit stalk. The fruit skin is grayish white and water-soaked soft rot. When the humidity is high, grayish white and brown mold grows on the surface of the diseased fruit, and gray-brown lesions grow on the leaves, mostly on the tips of the leaflets. When it is humid, gray-brown mold grows. In the early stage of the disease, 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 500 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl solution can be sprayed, and the drugs can be used alternately, generally once every 7 to 10 days.

[0186] 3.5.2. Tomato leaf spot

[0187] The main damage is to the leaves. Generally, the disease starts from the bottom of the leaves and gradually spreads upwards to the stems and calyx. In the early stage of the disease, small round water-soaked spots appear on the back of the leaves, and then both sides turn into small brown spots. The spots gradually develop into round or nearly round shapes, with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm, dark brown edges, grayish white in the center, slightly sunken, and small black spots on them. In severe cases, the leaves die and the plants age prematurely. Spray 70% mancozeb or 50% carbendazim for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease. Once every 7 to 10 days.

[0188] 3.5.3. Tomato leafminers and whiteflies

[0189] An important pest of tomatoes, mainly harming leaves. If adults are found in the greenhouse, spray 1500-1000 times of 48% chlorpyrifos EC or 1000 times of 10% nicotine EC once every 7-days. During the peak period of occurrence, spray once every 5-7 days. Yellow boards can also be used to trap and kill.

[0190] If the autumn and winter tomatoes are planted before the end of December, the yield can reach 9,400 kilograms. At 3 yuan per kilogram, the output value can reach 28,400 yuan.

[0191] Through the implementation of this greenhouse efficient composite cultivation technology, the annual output value of each greenhouse can reach 98,600 yuan.

[0192] By continuously planting muskmelon, water spinach and tomatoes in the same greenhouse, the utilization efficiency of the greenhouse can be improved and production returns can be increased.

Claims

1. A method for growing three crops of spring muskmelon, summer leafy vegetables, and autumn and winter tomatoes in a greenhouse, characterized by using the following steps:

1. Plant muskmelon first 1.

1. Preparation before sowing 1.1.1 Soil preparation From the end of January to the beginning of February, apply 10 cubic meters of farmyard manure to each greenhouse, spread the fertilizer evenly and then water it; 1.1.2 Ridging After 15 days of irrigation, deep plowing and fine harrowing are carried out, and ridges are formed after leveling. The ridge spacing is 1.1m and the ridge height is 40cm. Two parallel wires are pulled on the top of each ridge, with a spacing of 50cm and a height of 2.2m. Two drip irrigations are laid on each ridge, and the ground film is covered, and the surrounding areas are pressed with soil when laying the film. 1.

2. Colonization When planting spring melons in the greenhouse, the ground temperature should be stable above 10℃, and the minimum temperature should be above 12℃; use vertical frame planting, double-row cultivation on the ridge, triangular staggered, plant spacing 50cm, and the number of melon plants in each greenhouse is 2200; 1.2.1 Variety selection Choose early-to-mid-ripening varieties with high sugar content, such as Xizhoumi No. 25 or Tangwang Gugua; 1.2.2 Melon seedling standards The seedlings should not be too old, and healthy seedlings with 2 true leaves and 1 heart, free of pests and diseases, and leggy growth should be selected; 1.2.

3. Digging holes and planting seedlings First, dig triangular holes with a spacing of 50cm between plants and 10cm between rows on both sides of the drip irrigation, then plant the seedlings, cover with soil, and irrigate in time; this method of seedling determination can improve photosynthesis and achieve the purpose of water saving; pay attention to cover with quilts at night; during the seedling acclimatization period, if the seedlings die due to severe root damage or other reasons, timely replanting should be carried out; 1.3 Field management 1.3.1 Ventilation During the seedling acclimatization period, the greenhouse temperature is maintained at around 30℃. According to the season and the conditions of the solar greenhouse at this time, ventilation is generally not required. Ventilation can be considered when the seedlings are obviously growing vigorously after the seedling acclimatization period. Do not open the vents completely during ventilation, otherwise the melon seedlings will be easily frozen to death or grow slowly due to the influence of the cold air outside. As the temperature of the greenhouse rises, gradually open the vents. It is generally advisable to ventilate for 2 hours at noon. 1.3.2 Watering Water on time after the seedlings have grown; observe the humidity in the greenhouse every day. If the humidity is high, control the amount of water; if the humidity is low, increase the amount of water; when watering, try to use a nutrient solution mixed with a certain proportion of various nutrient elements, but nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited; 1.3.3 Temperature Melons are plants that like high temperatures, so when growing melons in a greenhouse, in order to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse, quilts are usually pulled in time in the morning and covered in the evening; the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 15-35℃; if the greenhouse temperature drops to 15℃, heating facilities need to be used in time to increase the greenhouse temperature; when the temperature is too high, the plastic film below should be opened for ventilation to lower the greenhouse temperature; 1.3.4、Rope hanging When the melon grows to 6 to 7 true leaves, use hemp rope or plastic rope to hang one end of the vine on the iron wire at the top of the greenhouse, and tie the other end to the root of the plant with a noose, and regularly wrap the plant around the rope to make it grow upward. When the temperature rises at noon, the vine will not break easily. If the main vine breaks, cultivate the side vines. The rope should be tied evenly to the iron wire, otherwise the vines will pile up, affecting the normal photosynthesis of the melon vines and easily inducing diseases and insect pests. 1.

4. Pruning For early-maturing varieties, single vine pruning is generally used in spring. During the growth of the main vine, the vines before the tenth node should be removed; the vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes are most suitable for retaining melons, so pollination is carried out when the vines from the tenth to the twelfth nodes bloom; 1.5 Pollination 1.5.

1. Insect pollination; Place a bumblebee hive in the greenhouse to pollinate with bumblebees; 1.5.

2. Pollination with drugs When there are few pollinating insects, during the flowering period, 50ppm of fruit-setting agent dissolved in clean water should be sprayed on the female flowers from 10 to 12 noon every day to increase the fruit-setting rate. 1.5.3 Artificial pollination When there are few pollinating insects, artificial pollination should be carried out every morning during the flowering period, and male flowers from different plants should be smeared on the heads of female flowers. Pay attention to the pollination time and accuracy of the operation during pollination. Try to avoid touching the female flowers with your hands during pollination to prevent damage to the female flowers. 1.

6. Leave the melon When the young melons begin to appear, leave two leaves in front of the melon and pinch off the top; when the young melons grow to the size of an egg, pinch off the top between the tenth and twelfth leaves. Among the three young melons on the node vine, select and keep one of the largest young melons with regular fruit shape and long oval shape; if the vines on the tenth to twelfth nodes do not produce melons, keep melons on the thirteenth to fifteenth nodes, but the later the melons are kept, the longer they will be put on the market, and the less obvious the characteristics of the melon variety will be; while keeping the melons, remove the old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves and extra side vines and side buds in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients; pinch off the main vine when it has 25 leaves, and leave two sub-vines on the top to let them grow freely; 1.

7. Pest and disease control The premise of melon pest control is to control the humidity in the greenhouse. If a disease occurs, take comprehensive prevention and control measures to prevent the disease from spreading. When the base number of greenhouse whiteflies, aphids, and leaf miners is low, use yellow boards to lure and kill them to reduce the damage. 1.

8. Fruit ripening and harvesting According to the requirements of commercial melons, the maturity of the harvested fruit should reach a sugar content of more than 19 degrees; the maturity of the melon can generally be judged by the degree of dryness of the tendrils at the fruit node. When the tendrils begin to dry, the fruit is ripe and should be harvested in time; the fruit should be handled and placed gently when harvesting to prevent any damage, and the fruit should be covered with plastic foam nets as soon as possible; 2. After harvesting the muskmelon, start planting water spinach 2.1 Variety selection Large-leaf water spinach, large chicken yellow, etc.; 2.2 Land preparation and fertilization Water spinach grows fast and has strong branching ability. It needs more fertilizer and water, so it is advisable to apply enough basal fertilizer. Generally, about 5 cubic meters of decomposed cattle and sheep manure are applied to each greenhouse, and 50 kg of superphosphate or 30 kg of diammonium phosphate is used as basal fertilizer. The land is prepared into wide and flat beds. 2.

3. Seed soaking and germination The seed coat of water spinach seeds is thick and hard, so it is advisable to soak the seeds for germination. In summer, direct dry seed sowing can be used for direct sowing in rows. Soak the seeds in 50-60℃ hot water for 30 minutes, then soak them in clean water for 24 hours, and wash them twice in between. After soaking, remove the seeds and wash them. Germination should be accelerated at 25℃, and they should be washed once a day with warm water. They will sprout in 5-7 days, and can be sown when they are white. The soil should be fertile and loose, and they can be sown by broadcasting or in rows. 2.

4. Valuation and management Dry seeding is done in rows with 4 rows per furrow. After sowing, cover the soil, tamp it down with your feet, and water it thoroughly. When the water spinach grows to about 3cm, keep irrigating it frequently with small amounts of water. Generally, ventilation is less during the growing period. When the indoor temperature exceeds 35℃ at noon, ventilation can be done for a short time. In order to promote the rapid growth of stems and leaves and improve the quality, spray 40ppm gibberellin appropriately, once every 20 days or so. 2.5 Disease prevention and control 2.5.

1. Damping-off disease It often occurs in greenhouses, mainly due to soil bacteria. Effective soil disinfection can reduce the incidence rate. If diseased plants are found during the true leaf expansion period, they should be sprayed with 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim in time. 2.5.2 White rust Due to poor drainage and ventilation, it often occurs in greenhouses in summer. Remove the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease and spray 500 times diluted 50% metalaxyl wettable powder or 300 times diluted 40% famoxaline wettable powder. The main pests of water spinach grown in solar greenhouses in summer are red spider mites and cabbage worms, which can be controlled with 15% 1500 times diluted chloranthate. 2.6 Harvesting Water spinach grows fast in summer, and its stems and leaves age easily, so it must be harvested in time. Generally, it is harvested when the stem is 30 cm long, and 2 to 3 nodes are left at the base at the beginning to promote more side branches. It is picked once every 10 to 15 days. If it is picked multiple times, only 1 to 2 nodes are left after 3 to 4 times to avoid too many branches affecting quality and yield. It is also necessary to thin out some overcrowded side branches and some old plants, and add fertilizer and water appropriately.

3. After harvesting water spinach, start planting tomatoes; 3.1 Variety selection For greenhouse autumn tomato cultivation, we should choose varieties that are high-yielding, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, not prone to leggy growth, with concentrated fruiting, small plant shape, and able to tolerate weak light. We use excellent varieties such as Guomei and Aoteyou. 3.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings in nutrient bags 3.2.

1. Sowing: In southern Xinjiang, sterilized and germinated seeds are sown in 10x10cm seedling pots in early July; 3.2.

2. Seedling Management Water after the seedlings emerge, and build a small arch shed for shade if conditions permit; remove the small arch shed after the seedlings have grown slowly to prevent the seedlings from growing too tall; control water appropriately during the seedling stage, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 2 times to meet the seedlings' needs for phosphorus and potassium; 3.3 Land preparation, fertilization and planting 3.3.1 Land preparation and fertilization: Apply 10 cubic meters of high-quality farmyard manure, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of urea per mu, deep plow and level the land, make 1.1-meter-wide ridges, lay drip irrigation tapes and ground film; 3.3.2 Planting and density Planting around August 25; use a drill to drill two rows of holes about 15 cm on both sides of the drip irrigation belt, the depth should be the same as the height of the seedlings; plant spacing is 40 cm, use watering combined with drip irrigation to irrigate enough planting water, and seal the soil after water seepage; the number of plants per mu is about 3,800; 3.4 Management after planting 3.4.

1. Pre-result management From transplanting to the first ear of fruit swelling is the early stage of fruiting, and the main focus of this period is temperature and water management; after transplanting, pay attention to ventilation and cooling, and keep the greenhouse temperature at around 20-30℃; prevent the seedlings from growing too tall after acclimatization, and keep the greenhouse temperature at 20-25℃ during the day; water the seedlings 4-5 days after transplanting, and the first inflorescence will bloom about 10 days after transplanting; in order to adjust the relationship between seedlings and fruits, appropriate temperature and water control should be applied, and seedlings should be started to stagnate; bumblebee pollination and artificial assisted pollination are used when flowers bloom; 3.4.

2. Management during the peak fruiting period During this period, the plants are in full bloom and fruiting, and require more water and fertilizer. When the second bunch of fruits grows to the size of a walnut and is about 3 cm in diameter, the seedlings are stopped and watering and topdressing are started to ensure that the fruits expand rapidly. When the first bunch of fruits turns from green to white, water the second time and topdress with fertilizer. In the future, water according to the soil moisture and plant growth needs. Generally, water once every 6 to 7 days and topdress with fertilizer every 6 to 7 days. Each time, 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu can be topdressed. At the same time, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. During this period, the outside temperature gradually decreases, with a daytime temperature of about 25°C and a night temperature of 15 to 17°C. As the temperature drops, pay attention to heat preservation and cold protection. 3.4.3 Plant Adjustment The high temperature and poor light in the greenhouse can easily cause tomato to grow too tall, thus affecting the quality of tomatoes. Therefore, plants should be adjusted in time to control their excessive vegetative growth. Single-stem pruning should be adopted, and useless side branches should be pinched off. In the early stage, side branches should be pinched off when they grow to 5-6 cm, and in the later stage, side branches should be pinched off when they are seen. For small-frame cultivation, three ears of fruits should be pinched off, and for unlimited large-frame cultivation, 7-8 ears of fruits should be pinched off. Generally, 4 fruits should be left per ear, and the largest and smallest ones should be removed. In the later stage, the lower diseased yellow leaves and old leaves should be removed at any time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. 3.

5. Disease and pest control 3.5.

1. Tomato gray mold The main diseases of protected tomato; most of them first infect the petals and receptacles remaining on the green fruit, and then spread to the fruit stalk; the fruit skin is grayish white, water-soaked and soft rot; when the humidity is high, grayish white and brown mold will grow on the surface of the diseased fruit, and gray-brown lesions will grow on the leaves, mostly on the tips of the leaflets, and gray-brown mold will grow when it is humid; in the early stage of the disease, 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 500 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl solution can be sprayed, and the drugs can be used alternately, generally once every 7 to 10 days; 3.5.

2. Tomato leaf spot The main damage is to leaves; stems and calyx usually start from the bottom of the leaves and gradually spread upwards; small round water-soaked spots appear on the back of the leaves in the early stage of the disease, and then both sides turn into small brown spots; the spots gradually develop into round or nearly round, 2-3mm in diameter, dark brown on the edges, grayish white in the center, slightly sunken, with small black spots on them; in severe cases, the leaves die and the plants age prematurely; spray 70% mancozeb or 50% carbendazim for prevention and control in the early stage of the disease; once every 7-10 days; 3.5.

3. Tomato leafminers and whiteflies An important insect pest of tomatoes, mainly harms leaves. If adult insects are found in the greenhouse, spray them with 1500-1000 times diluted 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000 times diluted 10% nicotine emulsifiable concentrate, once every 7 to 15 days. During the peak period of occurrence, spray once every 5 to 7 days. Yellow boards can also be used to lure and kill them.