348 results about "Off-the-grid" patented technology

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, and provides an off-grid operation method of an energy storage system, the energy storage system and electric equipment, and the operation method comprises the steps: determining whether the grid connection of the energy storage system is powered down or not; under the condition of grid-connected power failure of the energy storage system, port voltage and port current of a load of the energy storage system at the grid-connected power failure moment are obtained, the port voltage of the load is the voltage of one end, connected with a filter of the energy storage system, of the load, and the port current of the load is the current of one end, connected with the filter of the energy storage system, of the load; the arc extinguishing current of the energy storage system is obtained, whether the off-line power-on moment of the energy storage system is reached or not is determined according to the size of the arc extinguishing current, and the arc extinguishing current is the current flowing through the filter; and under the condition that the off-grid power-on moment is reached, off-grid power generation is controlled, and the energy storage system is controlled to operate in an off-grid operation mode based on the port voltage and the port current of the load. The method determines whether to start off-grid according to the magnitude of the arc extinguishing current, thereby avoiding impact caused by direct start.

The invention discloses an off-grid new energy hydrogen production start control method, system, device and medium, and relates to the technical field of new energy hydrogen production control and micro-grid operation management, and the method comprises the steps: employing energy storage zero-to-boost control and anti-interference communication to establish a bus voltage based on an off-grid system architecture; the output power of the wind turbine generator is adjusted through a variable pitch power following strategy based on short-term wind speed prediction, the power distribution proportion of the wind turbine generator and the energy storage device is dynamically adjusted by adopting an improved NSGA-II multi-target optimization algorithm in combination with the equipment health state factor, and the power output path and the response rate of the equipment are optimized; electrolytic hydrogen production is carried out by adopting electrolytic tank pre-starting condition inspection, stepped power rising and stepped starting of grid-connected transition in cooperation with closed-loop temperature flow regulation and a PID pressure management strategy, and black-start rollback and self-healing control are executed. According to the method, the stable construction of the bus voltage is realized through the boost control from zero energy storage, and the current impact in the starting process is effectively inhibited.

The invention belongs to the technical field of load prediction, and discloses an off-grid micro-grid system load prediction method and system based on a neural network. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an equipment fault diagnosis model, an energy scheduling model and a load prediction model by using a neural network algorithm; carrying out data acquisition and preprocessing to obtain preprocessed real-time area monitoring data; performing equipment fault diagnosis by using the equipment fault diagnosis model; if the real-time equipment fault diagnosis result is that a fault exists, entering an energy scheduling step, otherwise, entering a load prediction step; performing energy scheduling by using the energy scheduling model, executing the obtained real-time energy scheduling scheme, and returning to the data acquisition step; and performing load prediction by using the load prediction model. According to the method, the problems of data island, insufficient model generalization ability, limited fault diagnosis precision and efficiency, insufficient energy scheduling strategy optimization and poor load prediction precision and robustness in the prior art are solved.

The invention provides an off-grid synthetic ammonia park electrolytic bath column level-energy storage-hydrogen storage collaborative optimization method based on rolling optimization, and relates to the technical field of energy storage and hydrogen storage collaboration. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an off-grid system architecture comprising wind-solar power generation, a plurality of rows of electrolytic cells, energy and hydrogen storage equipment and a synthesis ammonia device; a multi-device collaborative optimization strategy based on an eight-hour rolling time domain is designed, the system operation state is divided into high, medium and low working conditions through a working condition recognition mechanism, a current device operation scheme is actively adjusted according to wind and light power information of a next scheduling period, and collaborative regulation and control of energy storage and hydrogen storage are achieved. Compared with a traditional scheduling strategy, the collaborative optimization strategy provided by the invention improves the consumption rate of renewable energy sources of the system, reduces abandoned wind and light, improves the yield of synthetic ammonia, and verifies the effectiveness of the strategy.

The invention discloses an off-grid and grid-connected smooth switching control method for a virtual synchronous generator based on adaptive parameters, and the method achieves the efficient switching and smooth transition of an off-grid and grid-connected mode through the dynamic adjustment of virtual impedance, rotational inertia and a damping factor based on a virtual synchronous generator control architecture of the adaptive parameters. The control architecture is divided into an inner loop current and voltage control module, an outer loop power-frequency control module and a self-adaptive parameter adjustment module, and comprises virtual impedance design, dynamic rotational inertia adjustment, self-adaptive damping factor switching and parameter optimization and modal analysis. In this way, the concept of virtual impedance is introduced into VSG control to improve the decoupling effect of active power and reactive power; a parameter alternating VSG is provided, singular value decomposition analysis and modal analysis are considered, and better performance is provided in the aspect of suppressing oscillation caused by disturbance by improving control parameters; and stable resynchronization between the converter and the power grid after grid connection and grid disconnection is realized.

The invention discloses an off-grid ALK-PEM green energy coupling hydrogen production system parameter configuration method. The method comprises the steps that S1, wind and light fluctuation characteristic parameters are collected; s2, calculating the capacity ratio of the electrolytic cell; s3, performing control parameter mapping; and S4, parameters of the cooling system are designed. The invention further discloses a corresponding configuration system, a configuration device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and aims at a parameter collaborative configuration method of an alkaline electrolytic cell (ALK) and proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEM) mixed hydrogen production system in a wind and light off-grid power supply scene, so that the core problems of low hydrogen production efficiency, short equipment service life, system instability and the like under a fluctuating power supply are solved.

The invention discloses a multi-electrolytic cell power optimization scheduling method and device for an off-grid wind and light hydrogen storage and production system. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an off-grid wind and light hydrogen storage and production system model and corresponding operation constraint conditions thereof; constructing a state space, an action space and a reward function of the intelligent agent model based on the off-grid type wind and light hydrogen storage and production system model and the corresponding operation constraint condition; the agent model executes an action corresponding to a randomly selected historical state to obtain a reward and a new state, and an experience multi-component group is formed; training the agent model based on the experience multi-component group to obtain an optimized agent model; and inputting data in the off-grid type wind and light hydrogen storage and production system model requiring multi-electrolytic cell power optimization scheduling into the optimized intelligent agent model to obtain actions corresponding to the optimized intelligent agent model so as to obtain the operation power of each electrolytic cell. By means of the scheme, automatic decision making can be achieved, and therefore the operation efficiency and stability of the whole off-grid type wind and light hydrogen storage and production system are improved.

The invention discloses a multi-objective hierarchical rolling optimization scheduling method and system for off-grid wind-solar green hydrogen production. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a total power balance model of an off-grid wind-solar hydrogen production scene, secondly, respectively establishing charging and discharging models of an energy storage device, introducing integer state variables of 0 and 1 to uniformly describe the independent charging and discharging models, and then respectively setting physical constraints. And finally, by establishing a multi-target hierarchical optimization proposition and according to the model and constraint established in the previous step, real-time wind and light power generation power and future power prediction data, performing optimization solution by adopting a nonlinear programming algorithm mixed with 0-1 integers. The system researched and developed based on the method can update a scheduling plan in a rolling manner through a prediction model and optimization according to high and low priority optimization targets set by an operator based on real-time and predicted wind-solar power generation power data, so that the dynamic optimization of a scheduling strategy is ensured, and reliable operation guidance is provided for wind-solar hydrogen production scheduling personnel in real time.

The invention provides a control method of a hybrid energy storage system, the hybrid energy storage system and equipment, and relates to the technical field of electric power. According to the scheme, the operation mode (off-grid or grid-connected) of the hybrid energy storage system is accurately identified, and the power supply role is intelligently and dynamically allocated according to the control strategy corresponding to the current operation mode, so that efficient operation and optimal management of the system are realized, and the purpose of supplying power to the local load in the grid-connected or off-grid operation mode is achieved. In an off-grid mode, the high-rate charge-discharge advantage of the sodium-ion battery can be fully played, the power requirement is quickly responded, and stable power supply of the system is ensured; in the grid-connected mode, the charging and discharging power of the two energy storage units can be flexibly adjusted by combining the characteristics of the power grid, the interaction of the power grid is optimized, and the overall performance of the system is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production, in particular to an off-grid micro-grid hydrogen production system containing hybrid energy storage and a residual electricity consumption method. Comprising a renewable energy power generation unit, a hybrid energy storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, a standby load unit and a central controller, the renewable energy power generation unit is connected with the hybrid energy storage unit through a direct current bus, the hybrid energy storage unit comprises a super capacitor bank and a lithium ion battery pack, the super capacitor bank and the lithium ion battery pack are connected to the direct current bus in parallel through a bidirectional DC / DC converter, and power distribution of the super capacitor bank and the lithium ion battery pack is dynamically complementary based on real-time fluctuation frequency; the hydrogen production unit comprises an electrolytic cell and a hydrogen storage device, the electrolytic cell is connected with the direct current bus through a first DC / DC converter, and the standby load unit is connected with the direct current bus through a second DC / DC converter; the scheme can accurately quantify the polarization effect and dynamically correct the hydrogen production power.

The invention discloses a capacity configuration method and system for an off-grid wind and light storage combined hydrogen production system, and belongs to the technical field of renewable energy and hydrogen energy utilization. The method comprises the steps that a multi-time-scale coupling mathematical model including a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, an energy storage system and an alkaline electrolytic cell is constructed, and a multi-target optimization model is constructed with the minimization of the annual wind and light abandoning rate, the minimization of the leveling hydrogen production cost and the minimization of the cold start proportion of the electrolytic cell as targets; and solving the multi-objective optimization model by adopting a multi-objective marine predator algorithm to obtain a Pareto solution set, determining an objective function entropy weight of the multi-objective optimization model by utilizing an improved entropy weight method, and selecting an optimal compromise solution as a system capacity configuration scheme. According to the method, the problem that the influence of wind and light output multi-time scale coupling, energy storage, dynamic response characteristics of the electrolytic cell and cold start of the electrolytic cell is ignored in the existing technical scheme is solved, and the purposes of efficiently absorbing wind and light resource fluctuation by the off-grid hydrogen production system, enhancing the operation reliability and optimizing the economic performance are achieved.

The invention relates to an off-grid photovoltaic air conditioner self-adaptive control system and method based on rolling self-learning, and aims to solve the problems of low power supply reliability, large battery loss, inflexible temperature control, weak adaptability and the like caused by poor matching between an existing off-grid photovoltaic system and an air conditioner load. The method mainly comprises the steps that parameters are collected in real time, loads are calculated, and air conditioning unit operation frequency bands of the off-grid system are dynamically divided based on the temperature difference; constructing a multi-target model for guaranteeing power supply, prolonging the service life of the battery and optimizing the thermal comfort of the off-grid system, and adaptively adjusting the target by utilizing a dynamic weight coefficient; the optimal sequence is solved through rolling time window optimization, and the off-grid regulation and control strategy is adjusted in real time in combination with temperature gradient feedback. According to the method, the energy dynamic matching efficiency in the off-grid supply and demand system can be improved, power supply is guaranteed, fine adjustment of temperature control is achieved, harmful charging and discharging are limited based on state optimization, loss is reduced, the service life is prolonged, and compared with a traditional regulation and control strategy, the method has remarkable advantages in reliability, comfort and economical efficiency.

The invention discloses a range-extended energy storage system and a control method. The range-extended energy storage system comprises a generator set, a battery pack, an AC / DC charger, a high-voltage box, a DC bus, an AC / DC bidirectional converter, a grid-side AC bus, a load-side AC bus, an energy management system (EMS), a charging pile and a photovoltaic inverter. The EMS comprises a load classification module, an early warning value management module, a load data recording module, an electricity price judgment module, an electricity price recording module, a parameter configuration module and a communication module. The extended-range energy storage control method comprises the steps of judging whether power is cut off or not, executing an off-grid or grid-connected strategy, obtaining an electricity price, executing a corresponding strategy according to a valley time period, a peak time period and a normal time period during grid connection and the like. According to specific conditions of a construction site, electric power generated by a photovoltaic generator and an electric generator can be quickly and conveniently dispatched, range extension is flexibly carried out through the energy storage equipment, dynamic control is achieved, and the site electric power dispatching capacity is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive energy systems, and particularly relates to a water-wind-light-hydrogen multi-energy complementary off-grid system comprehensive benefit evaluation method based on TOPSIS. According to the technical scheme, the TOPSIS-based comprehensive benefit evaluation method for the water-wind-light-hydrogen multi-energy complementary off-grid system comprises the following steps: S1, determining an evaluation object; s2, determining a construction principle of an evaluation index system; s3, determining a construction method of comprehensive benefit evaluation indexes of the water-wind-light-hydrogen storage multi-energy complementary off-grid system; s4, determining a multi-energy complementary off-network system comprehensive benefit multi-level index weighting method; and S5, comprehensive benefit evaluation result calculation and analysis are carried out based on TOPSIS. The invention provides a TOPSIS-based comprehensive benefit evaluation method for a water-wind-light-hydrogen multi-energy complementary off-grid system, and solves the problem of comprehensively considering the popularization and construction of the water-wind-light-hydrogen multi-energy complementary off-grid system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of off-grid inverter and battery management, and particularly relates to an off-grid inverter battery protection and charging control method and system based on impedance detection, and the method comprises the steps: collecting battery input parameters under two different load working conditions: no-load or light-load and on-load conditions; an Ohm law analytical algorithm is adopted, a corresponding relation model of the lithium battery remaining capacity SOC and the battery internal resistance is preset, the current actual internal resistance of the battery is obtained, the preset SOC-internal resistance corresponding relation model is input, and the current SOC value of the battery is obtained through reverse deduction; an inverter charging current adjusting threshold value is set in a grading mode, and a multi-dimensional risk early warning threshold value is set in a grading mode; and when the monitored numerical value exceeds a correspondingly set risk early warning threshold value, triggering a risk early warning signal of a corresponding grade and a matched disposal action, and carrying out full-process management and control of battery state real-time monitoring, charging current self-adaptive adjustment and risk early warning. Therefore, the problems of short service life, poor charging safety and the like of the battery in the prior art are solved.

According to the off-grid energy management method, the real-time state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage battery is compared with a preset high electric quantity threshold value and a preset low electric quantity threshold value, and a diesel engine priority mode set by a user and real-time load and power conditions are combined; and dynamically selecting an optimal solution from a plurality of preset operation conditions. Through multi-source cooperation and intelligent scheduling, start-stop and working modes of the photovoltaic module, the diesel engine module and the inverter module can be intelligently controlled, seamless switching and optimal distribution among different energy sources are realized, power supply continuity and economy are ensured, and the service life of energy storage equipment is effectively prolonged.

The invention provides an off-grid energy storage twin trawling test platform and method, and the platform comprises a dynamic off-grid switching module which is used for automatically triggering and quitting a peak clipping and valley filling strategy, closing a converter PCS, and switching to an off-grid mode when the access of a test load is detected; the VF / PQ cooperative control module is linked with the dynamic off-grid switching module, dynamically distributes the proportion of a constant voltage source VF and a power tracking source PQ according to the performance of the converter, and adjusts the output power of the PQ source through a power automatic tracking algorithm; the intelligent SOC adjustment module acquires electric quantity data of a tested system in real time, calculates a target SOC value and synchronizes the target SOC value to the VF / PQ cooperative control module; the multi-level protection module is used for monitoring grid-connected point power, transformer load and PCS states in real time and triggering countercurrent prevention, super capacitance prevention and error fault-tolerant protection; and after completing mode switching, the dynamic off-network switching module sends a starting signal to the VF / PQ cooperative control module.

A modular utility system integrates clean power generation, thermal management, and security monitoring within a standardized shipping container format. The system comprises a generator set (70 kW-600 kW) configured for operation with multiple fuel sources including natural gas, propane, methane, or hydrogen, coupled to a water-fired absorption chiller utilizing waste heat recovery. A closed-circuit evaporative cooler enhances thermal efficiency without chemical additives. The system incorporates a 360-degree security camera and remote monitoring capabilities for tracking operational parameters. A power distribution panel (460V, 3-phase) supports both building power supply and electric vehicle charging stations. The modular architecture enables scalable deployment through dual-module configurations, with separate power generation and thermal management units. The system provides sustainable, off-grid power generation while maximizing energy efficiency through integrated waste heat utilization and advanced thermal management protocols.

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an off-network sparse Bayesian angle estimation method and system based on joint model and data driving. An array observation signal is obtained, an array manifold dictionary and an angle derivative matrix are constructed, and a sparse Bayesian signal model capable of representing off-grid offset is established. After the sparse prior precision, the noise precision and the off-grid gap are initialized, a deep expansion network composed of multiple cascade expansion layers is introduced, a posterior mean value and a posterior covariance are iteratively updated, and joint estimation of the sparse prior precision, the noise precision and the off-grid gap hyper-parameters is achieved. And constructing an angle power spectrum based on the updated posterior parameters, obtaining a high-resolution angle estimation result, further determining the actual angle of arrival and off-grid offset of the information source, and realizing high-precision and low-deviation DOA estimation. According to the invention, high-resolution, high-precision and high-stability angle estimation in a continuous angle domain is realized.

The invention provides a capacity configuration method and device for an off-grid wind and light storage system containing a light storage all-in-one machine, and relates to the technical field of electric energy storage. The method comprises the following steps: determining a capacity configuration parameter of the off-grid wind and light storage system; based on the capacity configuration parameters, determining the hourly abandoned electric quantity of the off-grid wind and light storage system in a preset time period; accumulating the hour-by-hour abandoned electric quantity to obtain the total abandoned electric quantity under the corresponding capacity configuration parameters; in a preset iteration frequency range, updating power generation model parameters, independent energy storage model parameters and optical storage all-in-one machine model parameters, and repeatedly carrying out hour-by-hour power abandoning quantity accumulation to obtain a total power abandoning quantity result corresponding to a plurality of capacity configuration parameters; and selecting the capacity configuration parameter with the minimum total abandoned electric quantity from the plurality of capacity configuration parameters as a target parameter configuration result. According to the technical scheme, the optimal parameter selection of the off-grid wind and light storage system under various capacity configuration schemes can be realized, so that the abandoned electric quantity of the system is effectively reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production, and discloses an off-grid alkaline hydrogen production system and a power adaptive distribution and safety control method thereof, the off-grid alkaline hydrogen production system comprises a renewable energy power supply unit, a parallel electrolytic cell module, a gas-liquid treatment system and a main controller; in the Faraday hydrogen production mode, the bubble volume is compressed by adjusting the operation pressure so as to modulate the impedance characteristic of the electrolytic cell, and the energy efficiency is improved in cooperation with current control; and in the non-Faraday polarization hot standby mode, the voltage of the rectifier cabinet is controlled to be clamped to a non-gassing polarization interval, and liquid level plugging is constructed in the U-shaped communicating pipeline according to the fluid statics principle. The system is further provided with a transient buffering strategy based on the pneumatic capacity, and pressure attenuation is delayed through the gas dead zone volume when power is suddenly reduced. The problems of hydrogen production efficiency optimization, low-power safe hot standby and mechanical protection under wide power fluctuation are effectively solved.

The invention relates to a wind-solar optimal configuration ratio-based capacity configuration optimization method for an off-grid wind-solar hydrogen production system, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, solving an optimal wind-solar ratio by taking a wind-solar complementary principle as a basis and taking economic cost and fluctuation of a wind-solar power generation overall curve as optimization targets according to the wind-solar complementary principle; then, on the basis of the optimal configuration ratio, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted for an off-grid wind-solar hydrogen production system which has been successfully modeled according to hydrogen production demand data and historical data such as wind speed and illumination of a target area, so that the optimal configuration ratio of the wind-solar hydrogen production system is obtained, and the optimal configuration ratio of the wind-solar hydrogen production system is obtained. In the optimization process, optimization parameters such as inertia weights and learning factors change adaptively according to system parameters, capacity configuration optimization of the off-grid wind and light hydrogen production system is carried out, and finally an optimal capacity configuration result is obtained.

The invention relates to a start-stop control method and system for operation of electrolytic cells of an off-grid hydrogen production station. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring related data of an electrolytic cell cluster to construct a power interval self-adaptive regulation and control strategy; the start-up state is to judge whether the output of the wind generating set at a preset moment is greater than the minimum operation power of a single electrolytic cell or not; the operation state is to obtain the output of the wind generating set at the next moment, and calculate the power generation variable quantity of the wind generating set and the upper limit of the remaining power accommodating interval of the started electrolytic cell at the previous moment; judging the size between the upper limit of the residual power accommodating interval of the started electrolytic cell and the power generation variable quantity; further judging whether the lower limit of the residual power accommodating interval of the started electrolytic cells can meet the minimum power of each started electrolytic cell at the current moment or not; the number of the electrolytic cells capable of being started in the two states and the hydrogen production load rate of each electrolytic cell are calculated; and iteratively judging operation states at all moments to obtain an optimal start-stop control scheme.

The invention relates to the technical field of green electricity hydrogen production, and discloses an off-grid type wind and light power generation hydrogen production system optimal scheduling method considering frequency safety constraints, which comprises the following steps: establishing a frequency dynamic model of an off-grid type wind and light power generation hydrogen production system, and providing rapid frequency regulation for the system by taking a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell as a rapid frequency regulation unit; the alkaline electrolytic bath is used as a primary frequency modulation unit to provide primary frequency regulation for the system; different frequency modulation dead zones are arranged to realize coordinated frequency modulation of the mixed electrolytic cell; nonlinear frequency security constraints in the frequency dynamic model are linearized and incorporated into a day-ahead scheduling optimization model of the hydrogen production unit; and solving the day-ahead scheduling optimization model by taking hydrogen production income maximization of the off-grid type wind and light power generation hydrogen production system as an objective function and combining each constraint condition, and generating a scheduling plan meeting the frequency safety requirement. Optimized dispatching of the hydrogen production unit under the frequency safety constraint is achieved, efficient electric hydrogen production is achieved, and meanwhile the frequency fluctuation coping capacity of the system is improved.

The invention discloses a direct-current off-grid renewable energy hydrogen production energy management method and system, and relates to the technical field of renewable energy management, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a hydrogen production energy management module of a direct-current voltage network; carrying out load characteristic analysis, obtaining the energy demand of the hydrogen production facility, and identifying a high demand time period and a low demand time period; collecting wind power and sunlight data, and evaluating potential output capability of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation; and determining a wind turbine, a photovoltaic panel and energy storage equipment based on an analysis result of the energy demand and the output capability, determining a hydrogen production operation mode, and performing energy management. According to the direct-current off-grid type renewable energy hydrogen production energy management method, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, energy waste in off-peak periods is reduced, adaptability and stability are enhanced, and different situations of energy peak and valley are dealt with. Energy storage and output strategies are optimized, operation cost is reduced, economic benefits are improved, and energy requirements are met.

The invention discloses an efficient energy storage test system and method based on multiple modes. Two energy storage converters, two battery cabins and a transformer are included. A power grid connection circuit comprises a breaking switch. The energy management system communicates with the energy storage converter, and controls and switches a power supply mode, a drag test mode and a peak clipping and valley filling mode; the two energy storage converters are dragged oppositely to realize internal energy circulation, so that expensive high-power external load equipment is omitted, the energy utilization rate is improved, and waste is avoided; the system integrates a plurality of modes such as off-grid / grid-connected twin trawling test, electricity supplement and peak load shifting and can be seamlessly switched, so that the test requirements can be met, economic benefits can be brought to factories, and the equipment utilization rate and the investment return can be improved; the grid-connected point is provided with an anti-countercurrent device to prevent reverse power transmission to the power grid, thereby solving the potential safety hazard of grid-connected test and ensuring stable operation of the power grid; a single-cabin single-branch structural design is adopted, the system architecture is clear, the layout is compact, maintenance and expansion are convenient, and the system is suitable for limited deployment space.

The invention discloses a back contact solar cell module, which comprises a plurality of back contact solar cells arranged along a first direction and a solder strip extending along the first direction and interconnecting the back contact solar cells, and is characterized in that the back surface of each back contact solar cell is provided with a plurality of groups of bonding pads arranged at intervals along a second direction; each group of bonding pads comprises a plurality of bonding pads which are arranged at intervals along the first direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the welding strips for connecting the adjacent back contact solar cells in series are respectively connected with the bonding pads which are closest to each other of the adjacent back contact solar cells; an isolating layer is arranged between the part of the welding strip between the pair of bonding pads closest to each other and the pair of adjacent back contact solar cells, and the isolating layer continuously extends from the bonding pads closest to each other to the adjacent edges of the pair of back contact solar cells along the first direction. Due to the blocking of the isolating layer, no physical connection is formed between the part of the welding strip and the electrode below the isolating layer, and the risk that the electrode at the edge of the back contact solar cell is pulled out of the grid by the welding strip is reduced.

The invention discloses an edge calculation fault detection method for an off-grid offshore wind turbine generator, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The method comprises the steps that a finite element simulation model and a unit wind load calculation model are constructed, strain data of all points on a supporting structure are obtained, strain data of the first k points with the maximum distinction degree index are selected, and a first fault data set is constructed; a computational fluid mechanics model is constructed, the vortex-induced vibration amplitude of the blades and strain data of the roots of the blades are obtained, and a second fault data set is constructed; strain sensors are arranged at the positions of the first k points and the root of each blade, two actual measurement data sets are constructed, and then a spatial transformation matrix is obtained; and training a machine learning model based on the two fault data sets, the two actual measurement data sets and the spatial transformation matrix, obtaining two detection models, and carrying out fault detection on the offshore wind turbine generator in the off-grid period. According to the method, the fault diagnosis of the offshore wind turbine generator in the off-grid working period with limited measuring points and limited communication can be realized.

The invention discloses an off-grid hydrogen-electricity complementary energy supply system suitable for a plateau and an energy supply method thereof. The system comprises a renewable energy power generation and energy storage system, a water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production system, a fuel cell combined heat and power supply system, a user power supply system, a user oxygen supply system and a user heat supply system. The electric energy output end of the renewable energy power generation and storage system is connected with the water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production system and the user power supply system through cables. The water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production system is respectively connected with the user oxygen supply system and the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system through pipelines; the power supply output end of the fuel cell combined heat and power supply system is connected with the user power supply system, and the heat supply output end of the fuel cell combined heat and power supply system is connected with the user heat supply system. According to the invention, a combined power supply and multi-demand supply system with zero-carbon energy input is realized, and the problem that renewable energy power and consumption in plateau areas are not matched in time and space is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy source hydrogen production, and discloses an off-grid alkaline electrolysis total hot standby method based on multi-source waste heat deep integrated recovery, which comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a frame which comprises an electrolytic cell array, a graded waste heat recovery loop, a phase change heat storage tank and an auxiliary and emergency assembly; s2, synchronously capturing multi-source waste heat of the system: starting a circulating power assembly of a graded waste heat recovery loop, and synchronously collecting process cooling waste heat and product gas waste heat generated in the operation process of the electrolytic cell array through the graded waste heat recovery loop; and S3, heat storage and cascade distribution. By constructing an independent closed type grading waste heat recovery loop, alkali liquor cooling waste heat in the process of operating an electrolytic cell captures sensible heat of high-temperature wet oxygen at an outlet of an oxygen separator through the waste heat recovery heat exchangers connected in parallel, direct loss of the two kinds of waste heat is avoided, external power or fuel does not need to be relied on for supplying energy to hot standby, and energy consumption in the hot standby stage is greatly reduced.